高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题
高三英语复习专题训练：阅读理解——词义猜测题
阅读理解——词义猜测题
(建议用时30分钟)
A
Gabriella's family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old.As a compound bilingual (双语使用者), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish.Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home.Finally, Gabriella's parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language.It seems that the difference may not be apparent.But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.It's well known that the brain's left hemisphere (半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social nguage involves both types of functions.“Critical Period Theory”says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题猜测词义》
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：
super- (超)
mini- (极小的, 微小的)
micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复）
mis-（误，恶） im-（不）
un-（不，非）
in-（不，非）
non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ）
-less（不，无） -wards (向)
Can you guess the right meanings?
对考纲内熟词新义的猜测
I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (04全国卷) “cloud” means “_____________________.”
对句义的猜测
• The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.(07四川卷)
2010年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简 短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、 杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：
阅读理解专题——推理判断题(词义猜测+推断隐含意思)+课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
推断隐含意思
推断隐 含意思
要求 推断言外之意或弦外之音 常含infer(推断), suggest, imply
题干 常有can, could, probably, likely等
代入法 将各选项代入句中看是否通顺
语法法 据定义、同位语、冒号、破折号之后的解
释或说明推断
意 思 猜 测
五种 解法
构词法 据转化法、合成法和派生法 (前缀、后缀) 推断
因果 so, because等
题
转折 but, yet, however等
逻辑法 让步 though, although等
对比 or, otherwise, while, instead, rather
练习：名师指津P109 （五） If Hoy could give his younger self a piece of advice, it would be, “Not everyone can win a gold medal, so there has to be more than that. There has to be enjoyment and fun at the heart of everything.”
高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧和练习
高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习做阅读理解，最怕遇到生词，不仅影响文章的理解，也会拖慢阅读速度，而在阅读理解当中，生词又是不可避免的，如何解决呢？
Part 1：知识点讲解
1类属法
即通过类属来推测词义。如：
■ Bananas,oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
说明：从句意我们知道pineapples 和coconuts 与bananas, oranges是同类事物，同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。
2推理法
即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。如：
■Thatmuseum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in oneday.
说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense 的意思应该是“很大”了。
■Everyoneagreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why sh e hadwon the beauty contest.
说明：既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”，说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。
3列举法
即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。如：
■Childrenlike such creatures as dogs and monkeys.
说明：像dogs 和monkeys 之类的“creatures”，显然creatures的意思应是“动物”。
高考英语 阅读理解总动员 3 词义猜测题与观点态度题课件
• 70．By “move things forward”in the last paragraph，the author probably means“__________.”
• 4．根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系进行猜测 • 在一个句子或段落中，有时会存在两个句子之间的转折，递进，因果，
并列，对比等关系的词汇：however, but, so, thus, instead of, in contrast, what's more等过渡性词汇。
[典例 5] Life in the Clear
• 51．What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
• A．The night
B．The moon
• C．The sky
D．The planet
• [解析] A 文章介绍了光污染对于动物和人类的影响，呼吁我们反思我 们的行为。对于这种指代的题目，往往答案是最接近它的一个。根据这 种原则，能得出答案是night 夜晚。最后一句话的句意是：但是这是唯一 的方法去解释我们对于夜晚做了什么：我们设计了光，让光充满星空。
• ...
• 71．The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to ______.
• A．tools
阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析
目录
CONTENTS
3
猜测词义题方法之上下文内在逻辑 关系（下）
4
猜测词义题方法之构词法、熟词生 意、生活常识、不明身份指代
3. Cause and effect（因果法）
在句子或段落中，我们可以根据两个事物或现象之间的因果关系去 推测生词词义。这些因果关系常常借助连接词，如：because，as， since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等表示出来， 当然更多情况下，这种因果关系是隐藏在内容里，需要考生通过理 解上下文的逻辑来理清关系的。
(1). (2019全国卷 I.B)
But he is nervous. “I am here to tell you today why you should… should…” Chris trips on the “ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me…” Except for some stumbles Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
高考英语阅读理解(经典题型+
主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断 题（含写作意图、目的等），词义猜 测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略 是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。
I.主旨大意题
1.归纳标题题
• 这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。
• 首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位 置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个 主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同， 这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。 这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对 该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或 使之引申留给读者去思考。
• 无归纳明总确结主题句：找关。键词（出现频率较高）,
• 位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然 后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如 果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最 好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它 是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主題句 的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。 一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或 不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾 才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号 词。如so，therefore，thus，consequently； in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up 等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。
高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题
高一英语专题培优
——阅读理解解题技巧
第三节：阅读理解之推理判断题
分析解读：
推理判断题考查学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，并做出正确的推断，这是对文章深层次的把握，属于高层次的阅读理解。即根据阅读材料中所提供的已知信息，推断出未知部分。文章中没有明确的答案。要求考生从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。
技巧点拨：
1.常见提问方式：
(1) It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that ______?
(2) The writer suggests that______?
(3) The author uses the example of …to show that ______?
(4) What’s the author’s attitude toward _______?
(5) From the story we can guess _______?
(6) What would happen if _______?
(7) Which of the following does the author agree with?
(8) What’s the tone 语气of the author?
(9) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _____?
高考英语阅读理解-----推理判断
Example 5:
Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn (旅馆). …… …… “Please, sir.” begged the innkeeper, “Don't kill us! We meant nothing!” The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim!” The wife screamed. “Stop!” said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don’t you?” Q: Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple? A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him. B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger. C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him. D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.
英语阅读做题技巧--猜测词义
suffix
(否定前缀) (词根忘记) (形容词后缀)
Let’s Do Some Exercises
如何猜词义?
How to guess?
Check Answers
1. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
7、根据构词方法(By word formation)
We have just had an unforgettable holiday together and are now in USA the whole family. 难以忘怀的
un- forget -able
prefix base word
7. 根据构词方法(By word formation)
常用句式
1. The word ______in this paragraph probably means...
2. What does the author
mean by _in this paragraph ?
3. What does the underlined word _____mean?
At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.
专题 13 词义猜测题之代词指代-2021年高考英语阅读理解精讲精练 (解析版)
专题 13 词义猜测题之代词指代
代词指代题旨在考查学生对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词this，that, it，they，them等可以指上文提到的人或物。其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
“3步法”解题
此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one等）究竟指代什么。具体方法：（1）返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...).
（2）向上（有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子（就近原则）。
（3）将找到的词、词组或句子代人替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。[微点拨]
理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。考生可利用上下文，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。要记住代词永远出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代
A
Do you make money by doing small jobs? If you do, you may have heard of the idea of spending only some of it, saving some of it and donating (捐赠) some to people who need it more．
The head of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, and his wife announced they were giving away 99% of their money from Facebook during their lives to help others！That alone is amazing considering most people donate about 3% to 5% of the money they have．It’s even more amazing when you realize they’re donating about D|S45 billion．That’s D|S45,000,000,000！！！！Don’t worry．They’ll still have about D|S455 million to live on!
超实用高考英语复习：阅读理解微技能之词义猜测(原题版)
阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！
养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【思维导图】
【词义猜测题微技能】
1．单词或短语意义猜测
词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：
(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题解析1
第一编专题一考点4
[层级一真题题组]
A
(2018·北京卷，D)
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self－driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self－driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated.
阅读理解之猜测词义之定义解释法
怎样猜测词义
词义猜测题的命题分析
1. 词义猜测题的命题依据
高考英语主要考查的是考生对于高中英语基础知识和基本技能的掌握情况，侧重考查考生的综合语言运用能力，特别是运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力。词义猜测题正是对于这种能力的具体考查，它是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力，对此英语课程标准和高考英语考试大纲都有具体的要求。
英语课程标准的要求是：能够根据情景及上下文猜测不熟悉的语言现象。
高考英语考试大纲要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：
1．理解主旨和要义；
2．理解文中具体信息；
3．根据上下文推断生词的词义；
4．作出判断和推理；
5．理解文章的基本结构；
6．理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
2. 词义猜测题的设问特点
词义猜测题的提问关键词为mean, refer to, be replaced等。
常见的设问方式有：
(1) The underlined word ―___‖ in the second passage probably means ―___‖.
(2) Which of the following words can best take the place of the word ―___‖ in the first paragraph?
(3) What does the underlined word ―___‖ in Paragraph 3 refer to?
(4) The underlined word ―___‖ in Paragraph 1 is nearest /closest in meaning to ―___‖.
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测-词义猜测题考查解读
2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测-词义猜测题考查解读
【题型解读】
词义猜测题是阅读理解每年常考的题型。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。
词义猜测题的命题方式有：
(1)What does the underlined word “...” probably mean?
(2)The word “...” refers to/probably means .
(3)The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by .
(4)What do you think the expression “...” stands for?
(5)By saying “...” we mean .
(6)“...” used in the passage can best be defined as .
(7)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”？
二、解题技巧——巧用线索猜词义
1．根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测
有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题--附答案
阅读理解专项突破
III词义猜测
【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】
1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.
2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.
3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.
4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?
5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?
6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.
7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?
8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.
一．通过定义或解释推测语义
有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义
（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。
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高一英语专题培优
——阅读理解解题技巧
第三节：阅读理解之推理判断题
分析解读：
推理判断题考查学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，并做出正确的推断，这是对文章深层次的把握，属于高层次的阅读理解。即根据阅读材料中所提供的已知信息，推断出未知部分。文章中没有明确的答案。要求考生从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。
技巧点拨：
1.常见提问方式：
(1) It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that ______
'
(2) The writer suggests that______
(3) The author uses the example of …to show that ______
(4) What’s the author’s attitude toward _______
(5) From the story we can guess _______
(6) What would happen if _______
(7) Which of the following does the author agree with
(8) What’s the tone 语气of the author
(9) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _____
.
(10) Where would this passage most probably appear
2.解答步骤：
（1）定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
（2）字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。
（3）深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。
3.干扰项的特点：
（1）#
（2）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当做间接推理。（3）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如因果倒置，手段变目的等。
（4）根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的，但是却不是基于文章
（5）推理过头，引申过度。
4. 注意：有时作者并未把意图说出来，我们可根据字面意思，通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示，来推敲作者的态度，进行深层理解。
典型例析：
一．！
二．推断隐含意义：
例：Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall Did it sound like a clock If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called "the deathwatch beetle."
Q：It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle ________.
A. leased people
B. surprised people.
C. frightened people.
D. excited people.
练一练: One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, “I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches(蟑螂) and two spiders(蜘蛛).”“What do you need these things for” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well,” replied the man, “I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord(房东) insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”
Q: The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment, it was _______.
;
A．very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord
C. tidy and comfortable
D. dirty and full of insects (昆虫)
技巧：这类题干中通常含有infer, imply, suggest, conclude, indicate(暗示)等标志性词语。
解题步骤：1, 全面分析2, 忠实原文3, 不要选择表层信息
三．推断作者观点或态度：
例：But in London, dinner parties are in people‘s homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York the mix is less interesting. It’s like a gathering at Bloomingdale‘s, a well-known department store.
"
Q：What does the author think of the parties in London
A. A bit unusual.
B. Full of tricks.
C. Less costly.
D. More interesting
练一练: Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death.. Frankly, I’m sick of all this bad news.
Q: What’s author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting
A. Complain
B. Apologize
C. Admiring
D. Support
技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。站在作者的立场或角度思考答案。
：