陕西师范大学817综合(语言学、英美文学等)2014年考研专业课真题试卷
陕西师范大学文学院历年考研真题
陕西师范大学文学院历年考研真题目录陕西师范大学文学院历年考研真题 (1)2013年陕师大文学院考研试题 (1)2012年陕师大文学院考研试题 (2)2011年陕师大文学院考研试题 (2)2010年陕师大文学院考研试题 (3)2009年陕西师大文学院考研试题 (4)2008年陕西师大文学院考研试题 (4)2007年陕师大文学考研试题 (5)2006 年陕师大文学试题 (5)2005年陕师大文学试题 (6)2013年陕师大文学院考研试题古代文学一、名词解释春秋三传、梁园文学群体、江西诗派、神韵说、四大谴责小说二、作品分析苏轼《江城子》（十年生死两茫茫）三、简单1、分析南北朝民歌的不同艺术特色2、十年动乱长安生活对杜甫诗风的影响四、论述论述《莺莺传》、“董西厢”、“王西厢”的内涵意蕴及发展演变文艺理论一、填空（11小题，计15分）二、简答1、互文性或文本间性的理解2、语言“陌生化”对抒情话语的意义3、在分析叙事性作品中区分故事和情节的意义4、“物与神游”的理论根据三、论述（根据材料，谈谈自己的认识）（二选一）1、不记得了2、金圣叹、黑格尔关于人物性格的观点，（观点记不清了）2012年陕师大文学院考研试题古代文学（75分）一、名词解释楚辞昭明文选郊寒岛花间词人铁崖体格调说二、简答1.《孟子》艺术特色2.李商隐无题诗的艺术成就3.《琵琶记》的悲剧意蕴文学理论（75分）一、名词解释俄国形式主义《镜与灯》灵感净化二、简答1王国维《人间词话》关于意境有哪些理论2韦勒克与沃伦《文学理论》的基本内容、基本观点及贡献3“日出而作，日落而息。
凿井而饮，耕田而食”反映了文学活动的什么理论三、论述什么是艺术典型？典型人物与典型环境的关系？典型的艺术特征？2011年陕师大文学院考研试题古代文学（75分）：一、名词解释（5分*6=30分）四家诗、玄言诗、吴中四杰、永嘉四灵、台阁体、神韵说二、简答题（15分*3=45分）1、简述《史记》的叙事艺术成就。
陕西师范大学(已有10试题)
陕西师范大学政治经济学院马克思主义哲学（原理、原著）2005西方哲学史（含现代外国哲学）2005中国哲学史2005西方哲学（西方哲学史、西方哲学史原著、现代西方哲学）2005伦理学（原理、原著）2005西方伦理学史（含现代外国伦理学）2005政治学原理2005世界政治经济与国际关系2005中共党史2005毛泽东思想与邓小平理论（含原著）2005中国革命和建设史2005社会学概论2005社会现代化概论2005行政管理学原理2005综合（含管理学、政治学）20052003年马克思主义哲学、中国哲学、外国哲学、科学技术哲学专业复试试题2003级硕士研究生马克思主义理论与思想政治教育专业复试试题2003年社会学研究生复试试题2003年政治学理论专业研究生复试试题2003年政治学理论专业同等学力研究生加试试题一：科学社会主义2003年政治学理论专业同等学力研究生加试试题二：马克思主义理论国际商学院西方经济学2005管理学20052003年国际商学院政治经济学硕士研究生复试试题2003年国际商学院国民经济学硕士研究生复试试题教育科学学院现代教育学（包括教育原理、中外教育史）2005心理学（普通心理学、教育心理学）2005心理学理论（含普通心理学、心理学史）2005心理学研究方法（含实验心理学、心理测量学）2005普通心理学2000——2002实验心理学2000——2001中外心理学史2001（此份不完整，缺题）教育学原理2005中国教育史2005外国教育史2005教育心理学2005学前教育学2005教育管理学2005社会心理学（含普通心理学）2005普通教育学（包括教育管理）2005中外教育史（包括普通心理学）2005课程与教学论（现代教学论）专业2003硕士研究生复试试题教育学原理专业2003硕士研究生复试试题教育硕士（教育管理）专业2003硕士研究生复试试题教育史专业2003硕士研究生复试试题教育经济与管理专业2003硕士研究生复试试题基础心理学专业2003硕士研究生复试试题教育经济与管理专业2003硕士研究生（同等学力考生）加试《普通心理学、教育管理学》试题教育经济与管理专业2003硕士研究生（同等学力考生）加试《教育学》试题新闻与传播学院教育技术学（含教学设计）2005计算机网络（含程序设计）2005，2010（2010为回忆版）新闻传播理论与新闻史2005新闻业务（采、写、编、评、广播电视）2005新闻传播理论与历史2010（回忆版）新闻传播实务2010（回忆版）2003年教育技术学专业硕士生复试综合试题体育学院教育学2005运动生理学2005体育概论2005体育社会学基本理论2005运动生物化学2005运动训练学20052003年硕士研究生运动人体科学专业运动生理学复试试题2003年运动人体科学运动生物化学复试试题2003年研究生体育教育训练学专业《运动训练学》复试题2003年研究生体育教育训练学专业运动生理复试题2003年教育硕士《学校体育学》复试试题文学院文学综合(含中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、世界文学、文艺理论)2010（回忆版）语言综合(含古代汉语、现代汉语)2010（回忆版）美学原理2005中外美学史2005宗教学原理2005中外文化史2005教育学2005语文教学论2005文学理论2005中外文学史（中国部分只考古代，外国部分全部）2005语言学概论2005现代汉语2002，2005（其中2002年试卷内容不完整）中国播音学2005综合考试（新闻理论、语言学、语法）2005古代汉语（汉语言文字学专业）2005古代汉语（中国古代文学专业）2005古典文献学2005中国古代文学与古代汉语2005中国古代文学史2005中国现当代文学2005文学理论与外国文学2005文学理论（含比较文学理论）2005中国文学2005文学理论与比较文学2005世界文学2005现代文学2003当代文学2003文艺理论2003外国文学2003先秦两汉六朝文学2001文化理论2001中西哲学史2001，2010（2010为回忆版）文史哲经典文献知识2001元明清文学20012003年比较文学与世界文学硕士研究生同等学力加试考题2003年比较文学与世界文学硕士研究生专业课世界文学复试（笔试）考题2003年中国古典文献学专业研究生复试试题2003年硕士研究生语文教学论复试试卷2003年汉语言文字学专业硕士研究生复试题2003年语言学与应用语言学专业语言学概论专业复试题2003年文艺学专业复试试题2003年中国古代文学专业复试试题2003年中国古代文学专业同等学力加试试题一2003年中国古代文学专业同等学力加试试题二2003年硕士研究生复试《美学》专业试题2003年硕士研究生复试同等学力《美学》专业加试试题一2003年硕士研究生复试同等学力《美学》专业加试试题二2003年中国现当代文学专业硕士研究生复试题（笔试）外语学院二外日语2005——2006二外法语2005二外俄语2005二外德语2005专业英语（教育硕士专业）2005基础英语（教育硕士专业）2005基础英语（英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学专业）2005综合课A（语言学、教学法、英汉互译）2006综合课A（英美文学、西方文化、英汉互译）2005综合课B（语言学、英语教学法）2005教育学20052003年外国语言学及应用语言学硕士研究生入学考试复试试题2003年英语教育硕士复试试题艺术学院教育学2005音乐教育学2005中外音乐史2005中外声乐史2005音乐分析及和声复调2005中国古代音乐文献2005中外舞蹈史2005舞蹈教学法（包括芭蕾教学法、中国民间舞教学法、中国古典舞教学法）2005 中外美术史2005中国画历代名作评析2005美术评论（名家名作评析：中国近现代部分、外国近代部分）2005艺术设计史2005设计作品分析2005美学原理新编20052003年攻读音乐学硕士学位研究生复试题民族器乐理论与演奏（陕西秦筝乐派）2003年攻读音乐学硕士学位研究生复试题音乐教育学（声乐艺术）2003年攻读音乐学硕士学位研究生复试题音乐教育学（中国古代音乐文献）环发中心中国通史2005中国自然地理2005中国地理学史20052003年历史地理专业硕士生入学复试试题西北民族中心民族学概论2005中国民族史2005艺术学概论20052003年中国少数民族史专业硕士研究生复试试题（综合）2003年中国少数民族史专业硕士研究生（同等学力）加试试题历史文化学院中国古代史（考古学及博物馆学专业）2005中国考古学2005中国古代史（史学类各专业）2004——2005古汉语与古文献知识2005历史文选2005中国近现代史2005世界通史2005世界近现代史2005古籍知识2003年复试试题中国古代史2003年复试试题文化史、思想史、经济史2003年复试试题历史学概论2003年复试试题中国古代文化史综合题2003年复试试题世界史2003年复试试题数学与信息科学学院教育学2005数学分析与高等代数2005数学分析2003，2005（答案有：2003）高等代数2005——2006数科院2003年研究生各专业复试试题物理学与信息技术学院教育学2005普通物理（力学、电磁学部分）2005高等数学（微积分与线性代数）2005热力学、统计物理2005量子力学（凝聚态物理、生物物理学专业）2005量子力学（光学专业）2005普通物理2005电磁学2005普通生物学2005物理学2005生物化学2005细胞生物学2005光学2005综合课（微机原理、C程序设计）20052003年光学、光学工程、天体物理专业硕士生复试试题（量子力学）2003年课程与教学论（物理）研究生入学复试《物理教学论》试题2003年声学专业硕士生复试《理论力学》试题化学与材料科学学院教育学2005化学教学论2005物理化学（含结构化学）2005分析化学（含仪器分析）2005有机化学2005普通物理2005普通化学20052003年硕士研究生复试无机化学试题2003年分析化学专业硕士研究生复试试题2003年硕士研究生复试物理化学试题2003年硕士研究生复试有机化学试题旅游与环境学院教育学2005中国地理（含自然地理和人文地理）2005高等数学2005自然地理学2005人文地理学2005地理信息系统2005环境学概论2005地貌学2005生态学2005旅游学（含旅游管理学、旅游资源与开发）20052003年自然地理专业硕士入学复试题2003年人文地理硕士复试《旅游资源学》笔试题2003地图学与地理信息系统专业《遥感与地图学》试题2003年旅游管理专业研究生面试试题2003年环境科学专业硕士生入学复试题2003年（地理）教育硕士复试题生命科学学院教育学2005生物教学论2005植物学2005生物化学2005动物学2005细胞生物学2005动物生理学2005普通生物学2005生态学20052003生科院研究生各专业复试细胞生物学试题2003生物课程与教学论硕士研究生复试试题食品工程系高等数学2005食品微生物学20052003年食品工程系硕士复试考试题（果品蔬菜加工学试题）2003年食品科学专业同等学力考生加试试题一:食品工程原理2003年食品科学专业同等学力考生加试试题二：营养与食品卫生学计算机科学学院高等数学2005数据结构20052003年硕士生入学复试数据结构试题继续教育学院现代教育学（包括教育原理、中外教育史）2005成人教育学（成人教育学、成人教育管理学）2005新闻出版科学研究所（学报）传播学（传播学理论、编辑出版学）2005综合课（新闻学原理含中国编辑出版史）2005。
2014年陕西师范大学817综合考研试题
您所下载的资料来源于考研资料下载中心 获取更多考研资料，请访问2014年陕西师范大学817综合综合（（语言学语言学、、英美文学英美文学、、英汉互译）考研试题考研试题（（回忆版回忆版））语言学和应用语言学语言学和应用语言学 第一题第一题术语解释。
1.Lexeme2Cardinal Vowels3speech act4error analysis5Sense Relation第二道题第二道题是human language 的 design features. screw them，Design features of human language第三题第三题是你认为小学里面中国学生越早学习，越好吗，让你说个理由。
第四题第四题是“中学为体，西学为用”的观点嘛？让你说自己的stance. 第五题第五题一段Pinker 的一段语言学的citation，让你先翻译成汉语，再comment。
关于Sapir&Wholf Culture& Language 的段落英美文学英美文学 第一题第一题，术语解释。
1.Fireside poets2Lake poets,Harlem Renaissance第二题第二题，简答。
每题十分。
1.有为啥Leaves of Grass 是美国文学的milestone；2.Joyce 的characteristics；William Faulkner 的主要作品和特点 第三题第三题，就是三选一的。
1.第一个选题完全没印象，2.Charles Dickens and his artistic achievement,3Sister Carrie."Wast Land"以。
2014考研山大英语专业考研真题
对难度系数有所了解。
三.
改错
Determing how close theoriesapproximate the truth is day-to-day task of science.
四.完形填空
at the turn of,考了 at
五.翻译
翻译汉译英是山大的翻译老师在给山大学生上课时讲过的一段文字，讲黄山，原文是黄山
一.单项选
一共十个，每个一分。
第一题考了一个 steer，后面还有一个虚拟语气的考察，整体不难，专八的词汇足以应付。
二.阅读理解
四篇阅读，一篇五个题，一共二十分。
阅读的难度比 13 年要高，类似于专八的难度，有一篇应该是专八的原题，是讲照相的两种观点，
一种是轻视技术，以照相者为中心。另一种是重视技术的作用。希望大家能找到原题来做一做，
winner, we do not mean one who makessomeone else lose. To us, a winner is one who
responds authentically by beingcredible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both
答案在书上，很详细 （二）美国文学 一. 作品对应作家 要注意考试的顺序是不按照书上的年代顺序来的，是被打乱的，为了防止蒙题的 1.The Pathfinder—James Fenimore Cooper 2.The Confidence Man—Herman Melville 3.Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking—Walt Whitman 4.The Titan—Theodore Dreiser 5.Civil Disobedience—Henry David Thoreau 6.Tender is the Night—F. Scott. Fitzgerald 7.Go Down, Moses—William Faulkner 8.Look Homeward, Angle—Thomas Wolfe 9.The Call of the Wild—Jack London 10.想不起来了 二.Term 1.parody 2.imagism 三.辨认作品及分析 The Waste Land “The Burial of the Dead” “Unreal City Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many, I had not thought death had undone so many. ” 四.Make a commenton the love and the war in A Farewell toArms （三）英国文学 一.作品对应作家 1.Paradise Regained—John Milton 2.Jonathan Wild—Henry Fielding 3.Ode on a Grecian Urn—John Keats
陕师大历年语言综合
陕师大历年语言综合陕西师范大学年研究生入学考试试题古代汉语一名词解释《康熙字典》六书姓氏《四库全书》骈体文互文近体诗粘对词牌句读二、简答、古书标点地基本要求是什么？、古代汉语中疑问代词大致可以分文几类？请列举出各类地常用词.、汉语语音发展地历史大致可以分为哪几个时期？、写出七言律诗“仄起仄收”格式地平仄.三、标点.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途气之动物物之感人故摇荡性情形诸舞咏照烛三才晖丽万有灵祗待之以致飨幽微藉之以昭告动天地感鬼神莫近于诗摘自（钟嵘《诗品》）四、指出下列双音词中那些在上古属于双声词.存在凄仓蝙蝠纲纪契阔习俗缤纷参差窈窕琴瑟五、下首诗是否是律师，为什么？滕王阁王勃资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途滕王高阁临江渚，佩玉鸣鸾罢歌舞.画栋朝飞南浦云，珠帘暮卷西山雨.闲云潭影日悠悠，物换星移几度秋.阁中帝子今何在？槛外长江空自流.陕西师范大学年研究生入学考试试题古代汉语一名词解释《佩文韵府》形声骈偶引申义三省六部《说文解字》破读二“始”地基本作用.三近体诗和古体诗地区别四什么叫明喻、隐喻和博喻五什么叫读为读曰读若和读如六什么叫被动句式，举例说明.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途陕西师范大学年研究生入学考试试题语言学概论一名词解释（分）调位符号任意性国际音标语法意义二简答（分）语言为什么是全民地交际工具？（即语言地无阶级性）三谈谈语言符号地系统性（分）现代汉语（）一注音，说明发音方法地异同，并简要说明汉字音节结构地特点.二复杂短语地结构分析三句子改错古代汉语（）一名词解释六书三十六字母正义平水韵词牌二指出下列汉字属于六书中地哪一类？是形声字地要指出形符和声符.三解释加点字地活用是哪一类，并翻译全句.四标点下面古文并翻译.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途陕西师范大学年研究生入学考试试题现代汉语一.名词解释音素音位义素条件变体二.简述辅音和元音并对如下词进行音节划分.三.举例分析上声变调地特点.四.划出下面句子地词语并标出词性.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途这是与以往试卷不同地地题型，并且看趋势这种题型还会持续相当时间，所以语法部分又产生了一些难点：首先，怎么辨别词和短语地问题.这是以往一直地难点，但从来没有这么直接地凸显过.标注词性必须找到词这是很自然地事.其次，一些易混淆词地词性判别.比如，猛然，突然，偶然，虽然，这些词意义非常接近，语法功能却不尽相同；另外一些难点词是口语化地，“一骨碌”分别是什么词性；还有一些兼类词比如，“过”，“地”等有不同词性，也是需要注意地.虚词地归类也是需要特别注意地.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途之所以认为这种题型还会出现原因是）书上练习屡次出现，可以反映老师对此题型还是比较欣赏地）这种题型确实能考察辨别分析能力，对疑难问题地处理往往能看出语法能力.当然一句之中典型地词性应该是多数地，老师没有理由故意为难学生.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途举例：“距离伊拉克战争打响已经快三周年了，但驻伊美军死伤仍在增加五. 用框式图解下列短语兰邢本一大特点就是短语和句子地划分定位地分化.兰邢本和黄廖本地区分，划短语都是到词为止（或说到独立应用单位为止），这一点两者是没有区别地.但到句子地划分时，就需要特别地注意了.黄廖本一般也是要求划到词为止，兰邢本则是只需要划出句子第二层次就差不多了，也就是划出主谓宾，如果主，宾是偏正短语划出偏正即可，其他地类型不划，谓语如果是状中或是中补短语需要划，其他地不用划.这个是很大地区别，一定要注意.举例：用层次法框式图解下面短语“昨天已经去了古城西安”六.下列单句地句子成分划分（用直接成分分析法）资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途这一题地注意点上面已经说过了.值得注意地是，对于层次分析法兰邢本提供了五种划分方法：框式图解法，树形图解法，括号表示法，竖线表示法和符号标记法.相比较，黄廖本句子一般都是用框式图解，而兰邢本更倾向于竖线表示法和符号标记法.也就是说，在考试中句子划分更可能是竖线表示法和符号标记法，特别是符号表标记法.这是一些细微地差别.举例“印度阿萨姆邦地海拔约一千五百米地‘世界雨极’乞拉朋齐，年均降水量高达一万一千四百三十毫米.”资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途七.划出下面复句地层次.八.举例分析借代和借喻联系和区别（修辞手法地考察）古代汉语一名词解释六书、平水韵、衍文段玉裁：清文字训诂学家、经学家.字若膺，号茂堂，江苏金坛人.乾隆举人，官四川巫山知县.曾师事戴震，研究文字训诂音韵之学.其所著《说文解字注》，为研究文字训诂学地重要参考书.所撰《六书音均表》分古韵为六类十七部，将“支”、“脂”、“之”三部分立，均为创见.所著又有《古文尚书撰异》、《毛诗故训传定本》、《经韵楼集》等书.二分析下列汉字地构造特点资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途载徒刃末闻修涉羊矢三给下面一段文字加标点并翻译全文.初，景公欲更晏子之宅，曰：“子之宅近市，湫隘嚣尘，不可以居，请更诸爽垲者.”辞曰：“君之先臣容焉，臣不足以嗣之，于臣侈矣.且小人近市，朝夕得所求，小人之利也.敢烦里旅？”公笑曰：“子近市，识贵贱乎？”对曰：“既窃利之，敢不识乎？” 公曰：“何贵何贱？”是时也，公繁于刑，有鬻踊者.故对曰：“踊贵而屦贱.”既已告于君，故与叔向语而称之.公愀然改容.公为是省于刑.君子曰：“仁人之言，其利博哉.晏子一言而齐侯省刑.《诗》曰：‘君子如祉，乱庶遄已.’其是之谓乎！” 选自教材《左传·昭公三年》资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途陕西师范大学年研究生入学考试试题古代汉语一、名解（分）并提读曰笺全清二、填空（分）《助字辩略》地作者资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途《广韵》作者以及全称段玉裁《说文解字注》《经籍纂诂》地作者《春秋左传》地注释者（孔颖达）及年代（唐）三、六书(判断结构，若是形声字说明其声旁形旁（分）亦行朱盥哉贼男夹眉四、诗律拗救判断（分）五、指出下列字地活用现象（分）六、翻译标点（分）郑伯使许大夫百里奉许叔以居许东偏，曰：「天祸许国，鬼神实不逞于许君，而假手于我寡人，寡人唯是一二父兄不能共亿，其敢以许自为功乎？寡人有弟，不能和协，而使糊其口于四方，其况能久有许乎？吾子其奉许叔以抚柔此民也，吾将使获也佐吾子.若寡人得没于地，天其以礼悔祸于许，无宁兹许公复奉其社稷，唯我郑国之有请谒焉，如旧婚媾，其能降以相从也.无滋他族实逼处此，以与我郑国争此土也.吾子孙其覆亡之不暇，而况能禋祀许乎？寡人之使吾子处此，不唯许国之为，亦聊以固吾圉也.」及使公孙获处许西偏，曰：「凡而器用财贿，无寘于许.我死，乃亟去之！吾先君新邑于此，王室而既卑矣，周之子孙日失其序.夫许，大岳之胤也.天而既厌周德矣，吾其能与许争乎？」君子谓郑庄公于是乎有礼.礼，经国家，定社稷，序民人，利后嗣者也.许无刑而伐之，服而舍之，度德而处之，量力而行之，相时而动，无累后人，可谓知礼矣（选自《左传》）资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途现代汉语一、有关辅音地发音部位发音方法二、对十个单元音地舌位前后、舌位高低、唇形圆展地考查三、有关变调及调值地填空四、名解：变调五、语言学纲要判断（分）、考查共同语定义、古代就出现了双音节又是现象、隶书在秦始皇时就有资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途、修辞就是一定要鲜明生动六、多项选择（每个分）：借代、借喻区别动词特点七、划分短语、句子层次结构（框式、竖线）、多重复句层次八、简答、“被字句”特点并举例（分）、“啊”地变调(分)资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途陕西师范大学年研究生入学考试试题现代汉语一、填空. 现代汉语词汇地特点（忘了几个空了）. 写出方言代表地（）（）（）（）（）（）（）. 元音是（）—即概念二、分析音节结构（声母、韵母、调值、调类）想云雄三、单义词与同音词地异同，举例说明四、修辞中对词语地要求有哪些，或者词语在修辞中应注意什么资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途五、用框式图解法分析结构层次（个）别忘了带雨伞他把划稿纸订成了一个大本子勤劳会让你有吃地有穿地六、句子成分划分及结构类型这些血地教训，我们谁也不要忘记七、修改病句并说明原因不结实地房子被地震倒塌了我们不应该指责别人而辩护自己我们把这个问题考虑，以后再说八、用排比、拟人、比喻、反问几种修辞方式写一段流畅地话古代汉语一.填空.《说文解字》中部首是按（）排列地，说文四大家分别是（）（）（）（）.十三经注疏中地两个（）分别是谁写地，要求填写作者及朝代.二、名词解释资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途入声韵省声拗佩文韵府貌三、从以下句子中找出词类活用、晋侯围曹，门焉，多死、夫金鼓旌旗者，所以一人之耳目也.、筑其墙，西南而户、朔文辞不逊，高自称誉，上伟之四、用六书分析字形，如若是形声字写出声旁和形旁石亦疫盥五、标点并翻译一段古文尝试深观其隐而难者：志轻理而不重物者，无之有也；外重物而不内忧者，无之有也；行离理而不外危者，无之有也；外危而不内恐者，无之有也.心忧恐，则口衔刍豢而不知其味，耳听钟鼓而不知其声，目视黼黻而不知其状，轻暖平簟而体不知其安.故向万物之美而不能嗛也.假而得间而嗛之，则不能离也.故向万物之美而盛忧，兼万物之美而盛害，如此者，其求物也，养生也？粥寿也？故欲养其欲而纵其情，欲养其性而危其形，欲养其乐而攻其心，欲养其名而乱其行，如此者，虽封侯称君，其与夫盗无以异；乘轩戴絻，其与无足无以异.夫是之谓以己为物役矣.心平愉，则色不及佣而可以养目，声不及佣而可以养耳，蔬食菜羹而可以养口，麤布之衣，麤紃之履，而可以养体.局室、芦帘、稿蓐、敝机筵，而可以养形.故虽无万物之美而可以养乐，无埶列之位而可以养名.如是而加天下焉，其为天下多，其私乐少矣.夫是之谓重己役物.无稽之言，不见之行，不闻之谋，君子慎之. 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途选自《荀子》正名篇陕西师范大学年研究生入学考试试题合现代汉语一. 填空（分）. 广义地现代汉语包括（），（）.. 现代汉语规范化是确立（）在（），（），（）上地标准，并用这一标准消除现代汉语及其在使用中存在地分歧混乱现象.. 同音词是（）地一组词，有两个或两个以上读音地词叫（）. 文字自从产生起就独立发展地称（），以意义为基础地文字称（）二. 分析下列汉字音节结构（声母.韵头.韵腹.韵尾.调值）安秀网追学三. 指出下列词地类型结构资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途广阔（）司机（）肤浅（）暗暗（）四.用层次分析法分析下列短语结构五.分析句子结构，并指出句子结构类型.六.修改病句并指出理由.他把我们地意见胡乱传.……..我们应该宽阔视野..我们地设想消亡了.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途七.谈谈口语交际有哪些特点？（分）八.写一段流畅地话运用拟人、夸张、粘连、重复、仿词等修辞手法.（分）资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途古代汉语一. 填空（分）.《说文解字》地作者是（），说文四大家分别是（）（）（）（）.《助字辨略》地作者是（）.《广韵》是（）.丘雍所编写地，后来在对《切韵》地基础上进行整理，它地全名是（）.《十三经注疏》中《诗经》地作者是（），疏者是（）二.名词解释异体字笺指代性副词读为次浊三.指出下列字分别属于六书地哪类.衷徒祭祟弄甘一朱叶女四.指出下列句子中地词类活用..晋侯围曹，门焉，多死..臣闻古之君子，交绝不出恶声，忠臣之去也，不洁其名..求也退，故进之..用兵攻战之本，在乎壹民..公怒曰：“彭生敢见！”射之，豕人立而啼.五.给下面一段话加标点并翻译.（分）齐侯至自田，晏子侍于遄台，子犹驰而造焉，公曰，唯据与我和夫，晏子对曰，据亦同也，焉得为和，公曰，和与同异乎，对曰异，和如羹焉，水火酰醢盐梅，以烹鱼肉，燀之以薪，宰夫和之，齐之以味，济其不及，以泄其过，君子食之，以平其心，君臣亦然，君所谓可，而有否焉，臣献其否，以成其可，君所谓否，而有可焉，臣献其可，以去其否，是以政平而不干民无争心，故诗曰，亦有和羹，既戒既平，鬷假无言，时靡有争，先王之济五味，和五声也，以平其心，成其政也，声亦如味，一气，二体，三类，四物，五声，六律，七音，八风，九歌，以相成也，清浊大小，长短疾徐，哀乐刚柔，迟速高下，出入周疏，以相济也，君子听之，以平其心，心平德和，故诗曰，德音不瑕，今据不然，君所谓可，据亦曰可，君所谓否，据亦曰否，若以水济水，谁能食之，若琴瑟之专壹，谁能听之，同之不可也如是. （第三单元课后题第一篇翻译）资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途陕西师范大学年研究生入学考试试题古代汉语：一填空《说文解字》有个字，个部首.《尔雅》地注是代地，疏是代地《广韵》地语音系统和是基本一致地，包括个部首.、助字辩略和（）一样都是研究（古汉语虚词）地二解释字母注之为言说文解字注亦声字三六书分析以下汉字地结构安修贝亦眉祭本并取四、简答宾语前置“我周之东迁，晋、郑是依”两个同义词地用法《触龙说赵太后》《过香积寺》颈联地平仄，并指出拗救.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途过香积寺王维不知香积寺，数里入云峰.古木无人径，深山何处钟.泉声咽危石，日色冷青松.薄暮空潭曲，安禅制毒龙五、古文加标点翻译（分）先君孔子生于周末，睹史籍之烦文，惧览之者不一，遂乃定《礼》、《乐》，明旧章，删《诗》为三百篇，约史记而修《春秋》，赞《易》道以黜“八索”，述职方以除“九丘”.讨论坟典，断自唐虞以下，讫于周.芟夷烦乱，剪截浮辞，举其宏纲，撮其机要，足以垂世立教，典、谟、训、诰、誓、命之文凡百篇，所以恢弘至道，示人主以轨范也.帝王之制，坦然明白，可举而行，三千之徒并受其义.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途及秦始皇来先代典籍，焚书坑儒，天下学士逃难解散，我先人用藏其家书于屋壁.汉室龙兴，开设学校，旁求儒雅，以阐大猷.济南伏生，年过九十，失其本经，口以传授，载（转载自第一范文网，请保留此标记.）二十余篇.以其上古之书，谓之《尚书》.百篇之义，世莫得闻.至鲁共王好治宫室，坏孔子旧宅以广其居，于壁中得先人所藏古文虞夏商周之书及传、《论语》、《孝经》、皆科斗文字.王又升孔子堂，闻金石丝竹之音，乃不坏宅，悉以书还孔氏.科斗书废已久，时人无能知者，以所闻伏生之书考论文义，定其可知者为隶古定，更以竹简写之，增多伏生二十五篇.伏生又以《舜典》合于《尧典》，《益稷》合于《皋陶谟》，《盘庚》三篇合为一，《康王之诰》合于《顾命》，复出此篇并序，凡五十九篇，为四十六卷，其余错乱摩灭，弗可复知，悉上送官，藏之书府，以待能者. 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途选自教材《尚书序》现代汉语一、填空（分）、从社会功能角度看，语言既是，又是.、现代汉语属于语系，从语音、、三方面加以规范.、音素是从角度划分出来地最小语音单位，分为和.、语素是词义是.二填空（分）赛擦音（）（）（）（）（）（）舌尖中音（）（）（）（）韵头（）（）（）前响复韵母（）（）（）（）调值：平声（）上声（）入声（）三、简答：为什么说汉字是一种符号系统？（分）四、分析下列汉字地音节结构炯吴春五、分析下列词地类型六、分析短语七、分析句子成分八、写一段包括比喻、排比、拟人、夸张、反问等修辞格地流畅地话（分）资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途陕西师范大学年汉语言文字学复试一、默写王力上古三十韵部，并指出阴声韵、阳声韵、入声韵二、分析汉字甘羊鼎涉步视十三、分析《山居即事》地诗律《山居即事》王维寂寞掩柴扉，苍茫对落晖.鹤巢松树遍，人访荜门稀.绿竹含新粉，红莲落故衣.渡头烟火起，处处采菱归.四、写出十三经注疏及注、疏者五、、被动句句式，并举例.、许慎“六书”定义‘、“古无舌上音”指什么？用什么材料证明？举例.六、标点两篇古文，并选择其中一篇翻译，《马氏文通序》，《说文解字注》序文资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途七、解释“平分阴阳，入派三声，浊上变去”八、《切韵序》是语言学著作《切韵》地序言.这篇序言介绍了作者陆法言编纂《切韵》地缘起和背景，其中提出了对于古今韵律学地深刻见解，作为全书地提纲挈领.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途陕师语言综合古代汉语名解递进式引申如字据形系联全浊简答（）今古音地变化（具体忘了就是那个入派四声什么地）（）古今词义地变化需要举例子否则要扣分一个图出自春秋左传正义就是第三单元齐桓公伐楚地一段跟页地相似.（）注和疏地年代和作者（）之后疏之前地作者是谁是什么作用（）疏之后地是用于说明什么（貌似就是问地疏地地含义）（）图中有几种注音方法古代汉语分析平仄是黄庭坚地《和答登封王晦之登楼见寄》并且指出其中不合律地地方.县楼三十六峰寒，王粲登临独倚阑.清坐一番春雨歇，相思千里夕阳残.诗来嗟我不同醉，别後喜君能自宽.举目尽妨人作乐，几时归得钓鲵桓.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途翻译题叔孙豹论不朽那段一直到“象有牙，以焚其身，贿也.宣子説之，乃轻其币”现代汉语填空记不清了（）辅音部分书上那个辅音字母表背熟就没问题了总共五分（）元音部分要把页韵母地发音记熟就行了也是五分（）调值分（）类似于考察音节结构就是用填空形式回答声母韵母分选择（）下列哪些是会意字... 炎见......（）（）（）（）下列哪些属于句式（貌似是这样忘光了）判断也忘光了（）借喻就是把明喻和暗喻中间地“似，好像”换成“是”（大概是这样）短语句子和复句结构分析短语一个俩分（）把衣服挂在衣架上（）看电影地马上在教室前面集合（）高兴得掉下眼泪句子用符号分析法（有五个记不清了）（）我不知道他住在那儿.分析单句母亲教给我生产地知识和革命地意志复句分析复句他不但细心听取了我们地意见，而且立刻通知组内同志前来商量，态度甚至比我们还要积极. 三味书屋后面也有一个园，虽然小，但在那里也可以爬上花坛去折腊梅花，在地上或桂花树上寻蝉蜕.只要能让我工作，不管到什么地方我都去！资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途论述（）上声变调地各种情况（）词地兼类与词地活用、多音词地不同.（大概）古代汉语分析平仄是黄庭坚地《和答登封王晦之登楼见寄》并且指出其中不合律地地方.县楼三十六峰寒，王粲登临独倚阑.清坐一番春雨歇，相思千里夕阳残.诗来嗟我不同醉，别後喜君能自宽.举目尽妨人作乐，几时归得钓鲵桓.现代汉语短语分析，还有一个是，看电影地马上在教室前面集合分析单句母亲教给我生产地知识和革命地意志分析复句他不但细心听取了我们地意见，而且立刻通知组内同志前来商量，态度甚至比我们还要积极. 三味书屋后面也有一个园，虽然小，但在那里也可以爬上花坛去折腊梅花，在地上或桂花树上寻蝉蜕.只要能让我工作，不管到什么地方我都去！资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途。
陕西师范大学(716)文学综合(816)语言综合2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题(回忆版)
4.3 陕西师范大学(716)文学综合(816)语言综合2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题（回忆版）一、文学理论：一.名解15文论与外文史文学语言文学批评文体风格二.1、读者在文学活动中的作用。
2、试论文艺美学的研究对象及学科归属3、弗洛伊德的理论对文学创作的影响4、试论女性文学或地域文学外国文学：奥德修记社会问题剧魔幻现实主义1、如何评价答尔丢夫的形象2、我看果戈里的乞乞科夫3、萨特存在主义哲学及其如何在作品中表现的？09年的试题总体情况除了文学理论外，同07年、08年都有不同，特别是题型的变化。
语言类的题型出现了填空题，选择题甚至是判断题。
考试内容与以往两年也有很大的扩充，题目数量也有加大，很多同学反应题目变难。
总之，是向着单科考试的时候延伸。
古代文学部分一、名词解释（5分×5）1.四家诗2.竹林七贤3.边塞诗派4.程甲本5.一人永占二．问答（15分×2）1.柳永对词有何贡献。
2.杜丽娘与崔莺莺的思想，形象等各方面的对比。
三．论述（20分×1）《史记》的艺术特色。
看到这些题目不由得对比往年的试题：很多同学有一个误解，就是考研试题的时效性。
比如今年是再考研就是2010年了，如果提起来03年甚至更前的题目很多人认为就不重要了，以为时代久远不足借鉴，就不再认真收集以前的了。
这是一个很大的误解。
因为对于文科来讲一个学科里面的理论或者知识点在一段时间内是没有多大变动的。
一个理论要创新，成熟需要很长的时间（比如我们现在学的《语言学纲要》是二十年前编写的），所以之前的试卷能够反应一些问题并且好像更为重要。
像今年的问答题，如果仅仅凭借07、08两年的题目来推断肯定不会再现明清的内容，会接着考诗词鉴赏。
事实上没有这么做。
对名词解释的分析：每年的名词解释都是考4--6个，并且对先秦两汉，魏晋南北朝，唐宋，元明清成等量分布，就是每一段基本上都会照顾到。
今年从试题整体上看偏重于元明清。
可以看看这一部分的比重：10分名词解释+15分问答／75分=33.33%.08年的是三个名词解释15分／75分=20%，07年是两个10分／60分=16.67%。
陕西师范大学文学历年考研真题
陕西师范大学文学历年考研真题2001年文艺理论一，从叙事学理论角度分析传统小说和后现代小说的叙事发展动因及区别。
（20分）二，论经济发展水平与文学发展水平之间的关系。
（20）三，论王国维的境界说。
（20）四，简要回答下列问题（任选两题）:1，何为“文学本体论”？（10分）2，何为文学原始发生中的“游戏发生说“？（10分）3，如何理解文学作为惯例？（10分）4，象征型文学有何特征？（10分）5，文学接受的GC有那些表现？（10分）2002年当代文学（满分100分）一，简论十七年文学批判运动，并分析左翼文学界内部分歧的实质。
（20分）二，请结合赵树理的评价史，谈谈你对这位作家文学创作的认识。
（20分）三，结合作家作品，论”反思文学“的主要艺术特征及文学史价值（20分）四，论艾青文革后的诗歌创作。
（20分）五，选做题（选做两题，每题十分）1，试谈”重放的鲜花“的两种创作倾向。
2，老舍话剧《茶馆》的艺术成就。
3，在残雪、刘索拉、苏童三位先锋小说家中任选一位，分析其一篇代表作品。
4，选择你熟悉的一位80年代著名散文作家，分析其一篇代表作品。
2004年现当代文学考研试题一、现代文学部分（一）1、七月诗派 2、春柳社 3、“论语派”（二）简答题1、清末民初时“五四”新文学的影响2、东北作家群的创作倾向3、鲁迅前期的思想（三）论述题：从“家庭”角度剖析巴金的作品二、当代文学部分（一）1、“三红一剑”（创）2、生活原生态3、三突出（二）简答题1、以《一代人》为例，说明朦胧诗派之创作特色2、以《棋王》为例，说明文学寻根的含义（三）论述题：80年代后期小说试验的几种基本倾向。
陕西师大05年现当代文学试题现代部分一.填空,写出下列人物出现的作品名称和作者名字.(2*5)爱姑（）（）白什么英（）（）人名是三个字,复习好的肯定知道是谁的曾文清（）（）曹七巧（）（）何彬（）（）（这些都是好几年前喜欢出的，今年再出现，感觉很亲切）二.名词解释 (5*3)文学研究会鸳鸯蝴蝶派东北作家群三.论述 50分 (任选两题)1.略述<<新青年>>与中国现代文学的关系2.举例说明新月派的新格律诗的主要特征是什么?3.以李颉人的<<死水微澜>> 和陈忠实的<<白鹿原>>为文本谈谈你对西部文学的印象当代部分一.名词解释民歌体叙述诗样板戏寻根文学 70年代后作家二.简答( 写出下列作品的作者和文体,思想特征和艺术特色,任选两部)1.<<干校六记>>2.<<致橡树>>3.<<现实一种>>三.论述(任选一个做答)( 大意是这样的)1.结合作品谈谈新写实小说与传统现实主义小说的区别2.结合作品谈谈朦胧诗与第三代诗的特点与区别?05文学理论解释：艺术真实文学作为惯例阐发研究影响研究社会历史批评回答什么是艺术发现，艺术发现的心理特征是什么文学接受和文学消费有和区别和联系什么是比较文学的主题学，其研究的对象和范围是什么为什么说等东西方文学比较研究越来越受重视的时候，平行研究也越来越凸显出它的生命力06年陕师大古代文学试题文学史名词解释（5*10=50）赋比兴搜神记永明体初唐四杰江西诗派元丰类稿后七子南戏常州词派桐城派论述（20*5=100）1.《离骚》的艺术特征2.建安诗歌及对后世影响3.严羽说“高岑诗悲壮”，请结合两人生平、创作谈谈自己的看法4.苏轼“以诗为词”5.“三言”“二拍”中的商人形象与传统有什么不同？以及对中国小说史的影响古代汉语名词解释（5*8=40）佩文韵府引申义形声说文解字骈偶破读谥号三省六部简答（10*5=50）1.“姓”的作用2.古、近体诗的区别3.明喻、隐喻、博喻4.什么是读为、读曰、读若、读如5.被动句式（要求举例）标点（2*15=30）1.诗者，志之所之也2.文贵疏翻译（2*15=30）1.（**）源出于陈思2.近体之难，七律最难2007年陕师大文学考研试题文综：一.文学理论（30分）1.什么是意境，意境的特征是什么？中国古代文论中关于意境的阐述有哪些？（15分）（另：什么是意境，意境的特征是什么？简述有关意境的古代文论作家或进行归类）2.谈谈对文学的审美意识形态的理解。
陕西师范大学文学院现当代文学考研历年真题(回忆版)
陕西师范大学2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试业务课试题文学综合一、填空1、美国在《镜与灯——浪漫主义文论及批评传统》中提出“（）”。
2、瑞士语言学家（）对现代语言学批评产生重大影响。
3、西晋文学家的（）主要涉及创作论的问题。
4、美国韦勒克与（）合著的《文学理论》提出区分文学史与文学评论的重要性。
5、曹丕在（）中说“ 气之清浊有体，不可力强而致。
”6、（）的《红楼梦评论》标志着中国近现代文学批评的成立。
7、俄国形式主义普罗普在著作（）中对 100 个俄国神话和民间故事甄别后发现其是31 个功能的不同组合呈现的不同样式。
8、（）在著名文章（）中提出托尔斯泰是俄国农民起义弱点的镜子。
9、苏联著名文论家在文章《陀思妥耶夫斯基诗学问题》中提出“（）”。
10、德国美学家提出文学文本的召唤结构，进一步指出艺术存在于读者与文本的对话中。
11、童庆炳的《文艺理论教程》中认为文学是话语蕴藉中的（）。
二、简答1、“神与物游”的理论内涵。
2、简述：分析叙事性作品中区分“故事”和“情节”的重要意义。
3、谈谈你对“互文性”“文本间性”的理解。
4、语言“陌生化”对抒情话语的意义。
三、论述1、分析小说的叙事视角。
（材料是《聊斋志异》卷十某篇。
）济南业酒人某翁，遣子小二，往齐河索贳价。
出西门，见兄阿大。
时大死已久，二惊问：“哥那得来？”答云：“冥府一疑案，须弟一证之。
”二作色怨讪。
大指后一人如皂状者，曰：“官役在此，我岂自由耶！”但引手招之，不觉从去，尽夜狂奔，至泰山下。
忽见官衙，方将并入，见群众纷出。
皂问：“所事何如矣？”一人曰：“勿须复入，结矣。
”皂乃释令归。
大忧弟无资斧。
皂思良久，即引二去，走二三十里，入村，至一家檐下，嘱云：“如有人出，便使相送；如其不肯，便道王货郎言之矣。
”遂去。
二冥然而僵。
既晓第主出，见人死门外，大骇。
守移时，微苏，扶入饵之，始言里居，即求资送，主人难之，二如皂言。
主人惊绝，急雇骑送之归。
偿之不受，问其故，亦不言，别而去。
陕西师范大学2014级硕士研究生英语期末考试题(A)
陕西师范大学2014级硕士研究生英语期末考试题（A）院系____________________________ 姓名___________________座位号____________ 班号______________ 学号___________________注意事项：1.请将答案直接做到机读卡和答题纸上。
2.本试题共13页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
3.本课程为闭卷考试。
Non-English Major Graduate Student English TestTest Booklet试卷一Paper OnePart I Part I Listening Comprehension（15minutes, 15points）Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.1. A. There aren’t enough supplies of fuel for the coming cold winter.B. No fuel is available.C. The cold weather has increased the demand for food.D. They are inexperienced in dealing with a severe winter.2. A. He loves his present job.. B. He is to open a store.C. He is about to retire.D. He works in a repair shop.3. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed early.C. To catch a later flight.D. To ask for a wake-up call.4. A. Right now.B. In the physics class.C. After the class.D. In the afternoon.5. A. She will do her best if the job is worth doing.B. She prefers a life of continued exploration.C. She will stick to the job if they pay is good.D. She doesn’t think much of job-hopping.6. A. He dislikes food from the snack bar.B. He doesn’t need anything.C. He asks the woman to buy a newspaper for him.D. He will go with the woman and hand in his term paper.7. A. $120.B. $ 180.C. $ 90.D. $ 40.8. A. They should take the train instead.B. They have to drive Shanghai for economic reason.C. They’d better drive faster.D. Their watches are too expensive.9. A. The doctor and the patient.B. The mother and the son.C. The customer and the waiter.D.The teacher and the student.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be some questions. Both the passage s and the questions will be read to you only once. After each questions there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.10. A. Because many young people have moved into comfortable apartments.B. Because many old houses in the bad part of the town are not inhabited.C. Because many older people sell their houses after children leave.D. Because many people have quit their old houses to build new ones.11. A. They have to do their own maintenance.B. They have to furnish their own houses.C. They will find it difficult to make the rest of the payment.D. They will find it difficult to dispose of their old style furniture.12. A. 160,000.B. 320,000.C. 15,000.D. 30,000.13. A. Due to heat-waves.B. Due to scorching summer.C. Due to mosquitoes.D. Due to warmer temperatures, droughts and floods.14. A. They are usually cleverer.B. They get tired easily.C. They are more likely to make minor mental errors.D. They are more skillful in handling equipment.15. A. Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress.B. The lack of consideration for them in equipment design.C. The probability of their getting excited easily.D. Their slowness in responding.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.16. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice toa full range of different theoretical and political positions.A. meticulousB.trustworthyC. intelligentD.diligent17. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of thebaby.A. depictB. advocateC. criticizeD. analyze18. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary lifecould possibly rival.A. confirmB. achieveC. matchD. exaggerate19. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.A. imminentB. recyclableC. smellyD. poisonous20. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win afurther U.N. sanction.A. alliesB. delegatesC. votersD. juries21. The analysis suggests that the trade off between our children’s college and our own retirement security is chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezingD. revealing22. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever designD. joint effort23. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top flight staff, travel, andtelevision commercials.A. potentlyB. sympatheticallyC. generouslyD. unconditionally24. The indignant passengers on the trolley-bus beat the pickpocket black and blue when they caught him.A. impatientB. tolerantC. crudeD. irate25. Except for coarse earthen-wares, which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth, pottery is made fromspecial clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.A. conventionalB. uniqueC. genuineD. crudeSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted.Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Studies on film consumers had indicated teenage audience as a prime market, with the result that Hollywoodfilmmakers __________ catered to that market, sometimes at the expense of adult fare.A. obedientlyB. operaticallyC. obsessivelyD. outrageously27. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympicssomehow encourages ________patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiable28. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ________ toexpressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions29. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lustfor power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justifyD. adhere30. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest levelin 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated31. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around theworld.A. geniusB. virusC. diseaseD. bacteria32. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate33. The boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed34. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance to practice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passed byD. passed out35. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________ can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analogiesPart III Cloze (10 minutes, 10points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (36)____ the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (37)____ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (38)______,or by whom. But it began to be (39)_____ in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to(40)______ music. In contrast to classical music, which (41)______ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, (42)______ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz (43)______like America, and (44)_____ it does today. The (45)______ of this music are as interesting as the music(46)______. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (47)______. They were brought to Southern States (48)______ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (49)______.When a Negro died, his friend and relatives (50)______ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the (51)_______.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (52)_______ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (53)______, but the living were glad to belive.The band played (54)_______ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (55)______ at the funeral.This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form ofjazz.36. A. By B. At C. In D. On37. A. music B. song C. melody D. style38. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed39. A. noticed B. found C. listened D. heard40. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light41. A. forms B. follows C. approaches D. introduces42. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating43. A. appeared B. felt C. seemed D. sounded44. A. does B. did C. do D. sounds45. A. origins B. originals C. discoveries D. resources46. A. concerned B. itself C. available D. oneself47. A. players B. followers C. fans D. pioneers48. A. for B. as C. with D. by49. A. months B. weeks C. hours D. times50. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed51. A. demonstration B. procession C. body D. march52. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But53. A. number B. members C .body D. relations54. A. sad B. solemn C. happy D. funeral55. A. whistled B. sung C. presented D. showedPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully and then the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Passage oneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between scienceand technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science. Another distinction between scienceand technology has to do with the progress in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discovermay shockor anger people —as did Darwin’s theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology: we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the humanfactor. Technology must be our slave and not the reverse. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.We are all familiar with the abuses of technology. Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion and even social decay in general —so much so that the promise of technology is obscured. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise application of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will?56. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A. the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB. the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material worldC. the former aims to discoverthe inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD. all of the above57. Which of the following may be representative of science?A. The origin of the species.B. The theory of evolution.C. Farming tools.D. Mass production.58. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A. must be strictly objectiveB. usually take into consideration people’s likes and dislikesC. should conform to popular opinionsD. always appear in perfect and finished forms59. The author states that technology itself _____.A. is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB. should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC. will lead to a better world if put to wise useD. will inevitably be for bad purpose60. What is the suitable title for this passage?A. Science and TechnologyB. Difference Between Science and Technology.C. Science —the way to comprehend the universe.D. Technology —Discovering New Designs.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Since its foundation in 1954, the United Nations has written into its major covenants(契约) the need to establish minimum ages for marriage. But the custom of marriage is a highly sensitive cultural issue, mainly because it is so unpleasantly involved with women’s rights and societal traditions and practices, and rules on marriage vary widely between countries. Some countries, particularly in West Africa, still do not have a legal minimum age for marriage.In the West, a 13-year-old is still considered a child. Even getting married in one’s late teens is not usually encouraged because marr ied life is likely to interfere with a young woman’s education and consequently restrict opportunities in later life. And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young. The World Health Organization has over the past ten years identified early childbirth as a major cause of female mortality in many countries.Under Islamic religious law, the age of consent for sex and marriage is puberty, which Muslims say is in harmony with the biological transition from childhood into adulthood. In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan, the age of puberty at around 13 or 14 is the legal age for marriage, but in Turkey it is 15, and in Egypt and Tunisia, 18 the same minimum age as in many Western countries. It is argued that by allowing earlier marriages, Islamic law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people.In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a drop in the number of child brides. However, early marriages continue to occur in poor rural areas, where society works very much on personal arrangement between familie s, villages and communities. And it doesn’t only happen in countries which don’t have a legal minimum age. In India, for example, the legal age of marriage for a girl is 18 and to a boy, 21. Yet, according to government statistics, 18 percent of ten to fourteen-year old girls in the poor, rural state of Rajasthan in the northwest of the country are married. There are obvious social and economical advantages for doing this: by marrying off their daughters early, families no longer have to provide for them ; and the younger the bride the smaller the dowry, or wedding price, demanded by the groom’s family.It is clear, then, that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education and rural customs such as dowries; there don’t tend to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas. So, unless these real causes are addressed, it will be extremely hard to enforce change, even when change is dictated by a country’s governing body.61. What is the topic of this passage?A.Child brides.B. Early marriages.C. Minimum age for marriage.D. Different attitudes towards early marriages.62. The word ―promiscuity‖(Para. 3) means__________.A. unstable partnershipB. firm partnershipC. diverse relationshipD. single relationship63. __________is likely to marry late.A. Women from less educated backgroundB. Women from rural areasC. Women from Islamic countriesD. Women from cities64. Child marriages are NOT related to __________according to the passage.A. social positionB. rural customsC. personal arrangementsD. religion65. According to the passage, getting married early does all of the following EXCEPT__________.A. reducing a young woman’s educationB. limiting a young woman’s chancesC. causing infant deathD. doing harm to a young woman’s healthB.Passage ThreeQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Tracking down cybercriminals who steal credit card numbers, transfer money from other people’s accounts, or e-mail viruses around the world takes a knowledge of the technology used to commit the crimes. Instead of using fingerprints or following suspects, government agents painstakingly sort out the mess of numbers and symbols and letters that can lead them back through the computer system to the cybercriminals.One such investigation led to the arrest of the man accused of sending the extremely dangerous Melissa virus, a computer virus that destroyed files in computers around the world in the spring of 1999. The agents received help from online service technicians, software experts, and a computer-science student. All helped to trace the complex pathways of the virus back to the telephone line and computer of the man who released it.In another case, agents worked for two years to catch a cybercriminal who was, among other offenses, stealing credit card numbers. Agents found him by tracing a path from a computer he broke into to the mobile telephone he had used, which led to his address—and arrest.The government agents are also working to block cybercriminals who could cut off power and confuse telephone companies. ―Think of the consequences if the power went out for a week—not in just one town or city but down the whole East Coast,‖ says Michael Vatis, an FBI agent. From TVs to hospital equipment, all woul d fail.Makaveli and TooShort were arrested for the charges of breaking into computers. They were given probation, required to perform community service, and prevented from having home computers with modems. Punishment for adults can be more severe and usually includes some jail time.Most people use their computers legally. For the few who don’t, however, cyberpolice and better security systems will make it harder for cybercriminals to get away with their crimes.66. Which of the following can help government agents catch cybercriminals?A. Numbers, symbols and letters.B. Credit card numbers.C. Suspects’ fingerprints.D. The technology used to commit the crimes.67. Why was the Melissa virus extremely dangerous?A. Technicians, experts, and a student were involved.B. Because it destroyed computer files on the world scale.C. Telephone companies were confused.D. The power in the government building was cut off.68. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The author warns hackers of getting away from committing cybercrimes.B. The author complains about cybercrimes.C. The author suggests hackers not to commit cybersrimes.D. The author commands that hackers must stop committing cybercrims.69. What does the FBI agent say about the consequence of a computer crime?A. There would beno more television programs to watch.B. A city would be no more thrown into darkness.C. Power would be out down the East Coast for a week.D. Many telephone companies would go bankrupt.70. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of punishing the cybercriminals?A. Being put into prison.B. Sentenced to death.C. Not being allowed to own computers with modems at home.D. Doing something for the company.Passage FourQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark’s I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.71. This selection can best be titled__________.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence72. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person’s intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence73. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_______.A. 85 .B. 100C. 110D. 12574. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain75. This passage suggests that an individual’s I. Q. _______.A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by educationD. is determined by his childhoodPassage FiveQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.A lot of animals are afraid during an eclipse1 of the sun. Birds stop singing. Sometimes people too are afraid. Astronomers2 know the dates of eclipses and they are not afraid. The old astronomers of Babylon and Egypt had no telescopes3; but the sky in those countries is usually clear, and so they could watch the stars easily. They studied everything in the sky and they also noticed both total and partial eclipses.Because they knew the dates of eclipses, they had great power. People believed that the sky was important. They believed that an eclipse could kill a man.About 2500 years ago there was a very long war. One battle followed another, and the end never came. During one of the battles, there was a partial eclipse of the sun. The day got very dark, and the soldiers on both sides were filled with fear. They believed that the gods were angry. So they stopped fighting，and ended their long war.The sun is a star. It appears to be bigger than any other star. That is because it is near us; but the other stars are far away. The sun shines because it is very hot，but the moon shines because it reflects the sun's light. It is like a big mirror. If we visited the moon，we should see the earth. It is also like a mirror and it reflects the light of the sun.Does the sun ever get dark during the day? It does so when the moon hides it. Sometimes the moon goes in front of the sun. We can watch its edge when it slowly crosses the sun's disc5. Everything gets darker and darker; then，at last，we cannot see any part of the sun's disc. The moon is hiding it completely. That is a total eclipse of the sun; sometimes only part of the sun's disc is hidden; that is not a total eclipse. It is a partial eclipse of the sun.76. The passage is mainly about________.A. the old astronomersB.eclipse of the sunC. the eclipses in Babylon and EgyptD. the correlation between the sun and the earth77. We can conclude from the passage that_______.A.all people are afraid of eclipse of the sunB.the old astronomers could watch the stars easily with telescopesC.the old astronomers had mo interest in the skyD.the date of eclipse could be forecast78. The war mentioned in the third paragraph ended because________.A.the astronomers used their great power to stop itB.an eclipse killed the soldiers on both sidesC.the war took so long time that the soldiers felt tiredD.a partial eclipse of the sun happened during one of the battles79. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The sun is very hot because it shines.B.The moon can shine because it is a star.C. Other stars appear to be smaller than the sun because they are far away.D. The earth cannot reflect the light of the sun because it isn’t a real mirror.80. It can be concluded that an eclipse of the sun happens because________.A. the moon passes between the sun and the earthB. the sun gets dark during the dayC. the earth’s shadow falls on the moonD. no light from the sun can reach the moonPassage SixQuestions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage.The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the―grand tou r‖, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what's the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that i t leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ―Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites‖ of that ―Latin peoples shout a lot‖. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – that all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.。