国际商务英语教材重点句型

1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.
2、有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品，出口或进口到另一国消费或转售。
Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.
3、外国直接投资，简称FDI。投资者通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。
Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.
4、国民生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。
GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.
5、日本和中国是重要贸易伙伴，两国经济互补，又是一衣带水的近邻。中日贸易关系对两国都有重要的意义。
With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.
6、加拿大和美国有很长的共同边境，而且大部分加拿大居民居住在边境地区。加美两佃以其富有的市场，拥有世界最大的双边贸易。
Sharing a very long common border along which most of the Canadian people live, Canade and the United States, with their respective rich market, enjoy the largest single bilateral trade in the world.
7、欧盟委员会是它的执行机构，有20个委员会，管理23个负责不同事务的部门。
Its executive body is the European Commission composed of 20 commissioners overseeing 23deaprtments in charge of different affairs.
8、尽管内部存在矛盾，外部有来自非欧佩克产油国的竞争，但欧佩克这个占世界产油量40%的组织对油价的影响是世界各国无法忽视的。
Despite internal contradictions and cornpetition from non-OPEC oil producing countries, the influence on oil prices by OPEC that accounts for 40% of the global oil production is something the world cannot afford to neglect.
9、过去十年中，亚太经济合作组织越来越受到人们的关注。由于中国在其中发挥了积极的作用，中国人尤其关注这个组织。
Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation(APEC) has caught more and more attention for the past decade, especially in China since the country is playing an active role it.
10、广阔的地域分布是跨国企业的一个特点，这使得它在资源和定价的决策上有很大的选择范围，也使它能更方便地利用世界经济的变化。
Wide geographical spread is ch

aracteristic of MNEs. It enables them to have a wide range of options in terms of decision-makings on sourcing and pricing. They are also more able to take advantage of changes in the international economic environment.
11、技术、资本和现成的市场是跨国企业组织带给欠发达国家的利益。跨国企业被认为是促进世界和各国经济发展的最有效的工具。
Technology, capital and ready markets are sort of benefits MNEs bring to less-developed countries. They are considered to be the most effective vehicle for the promoting of global and national economic welfare.
12、按照比较学说的观点，一国只要出口相对有优势的产品，而不是有绝对优势的产品，就可以从中受益。
According to the comparative advantage, a country can benefit from trade if only it has a comparative advantage, not absolute advantage, in producing certain product.
13、贸易的比较优势是基于比较优势理论，即各国生产相比较而言效率更高的那种特殊产品。更理想的是，各国集中专门生产它的特殊产品，然后再进行相互间的贸易。
The advantage of trade are based on the theory of comparative advantage, where each country produces a particular product more efficiently than another. Ideally, each country focuses re-sources on producing its specialty, and then trades with one an-other.
14、总的来说，国际专门化理论寻求回答的是哪些国家将生产什么产品，以及采用什么样的贸易结构。
To summarize, the theory of international specialization seeks to answer the question which countries will produce what goods, with what trade patterns among them.
15、最惠国待遇并不是什么特殊待遇，而只是正常的贸易地位。受惠国只是享有被征收关税表中最低关税的待遇。
The most-favored nation treatment is not really a special treatment but a normal trading status. The favored country is given the lowest tariffs only within the tariff schedule.
16、无形贸易也被称作服务贸易。在一些发达国家，无形贸易已经占据这些国家的国内生产总值的相当份额。
Invisible trade is also called service trade. In some developed countries, the invisible trade has taken quite a large share in their gross domestic production.
17、《买卖双方在制定合同时，如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参照，他们就肯定简单、可靠地确定各自的责任》。
If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.
18、当卖方不得不提示可转让的运输单据，尤其是出售货物所常用的提单时，就会产生特殊麻烦。
Particular problems arise when the seller has to present a negotiable transport document and notably the bill of lading which is frequently used for the purpose of selling the goods

while they are being carried.
19、2000年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改考虑了无关税区的发展，商务活动中电子通讯使用的增加，以及运输方式的变化。
The 2000revision of Incoterms took account of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the change in transport practices.
20、书面谈判往往以买方询盘开始，发生询盘是为了了解预购货物的有关信息，包括各种贸易条件。
Written negotiations often begin with enquires made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered including all the terms of trade.
21、虽然多数合同并不引起纠纷，但合同是依法实施的，任何一方当事人若未能履行合同义务，可能会受到起诉并被强制作出赔偿。
It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make competition, though most contracts do not give rise to disputes.
22、虽然易货贸易是原始、低效，并且昂贵的贸易方式，但是发展中国家巨大的债务以及世界上大量的商品过剩使其不可避免。
Barter trade is a primitive, inefficient expensive way of doing business, but the massive debts of developing countries and the world’s oversupply of goods make it inescapable.
23、对销贸易可帮助有严重债务的国家继续进口商品而实际上向债权人掩盖出口收入。
Counter trade may help those nations, with serious debt problems to continue to import goods while ,in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.
24、在国际贸易中，由于交易当事人很难充分了解彼此的财务信息和信誉状况，很难建立相互信任。
In international trade, it is very difficult for the parties to get adequate information about each other’s financial standing and credit worthiness, and mutual trust is hard to build.
25、如果进口国的政局稳定，而且又有出口商信任的代理人，出口商就可以采用寄售方式，待货卖出后再收回货款。
If the importing country has a stable political situation and a trusted agent there to work for the exporter, the exporter can enter into consignment transactions and get payment until the goods are sold.
26、在付款交单的情况下，进口商在承兑了出口商所开出的汇票后，便可得到单据，而付款则要晚于这个时间。
In the case of documents against acceptance, the importer will get the documents once the bill of exchange drawn by the ex-porter is accepted, while the payment will not be made until a later date.
27、卖方凭提交的正确无误的单据得到货款，买方凭规定的单据得到货物，这种双边保证是信用证独特的，具有代表性的特征。
Against the impeccable documents presented the seller gets paid, against the stipulated documents the buyer gets the goods. This bilateral security is the unique and characteri

stic feature of the letter of credit.
28、受益人要对信用证的所有内容进行认真审核，以便保证安全及时地收到货款。
He beneficiary has to make a careful examination of all the con-tents of the credit so as to ensure safe and timely payment.
29、国际贸易中所使用的信用证多数为跟单信用证，即要求装运单据和汇票提示的信用证。
Most of the credits used in international trade are documentary credits, i.e. credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.
30、可撤销信用证是指在未同受益人协商的情况下对承诺进行改变，甚至取消。
An revocable credit is one that its commitments can be altered or even cancelled without consulting with the beneficiary.
31、在保兑信用证中受益人得到双重付款保证，因为保兑银行，在开证行承担付款义务的基础上又加上自己的承诺。
Under a confirmed credit, the beneficiary is given double assurance of payment since the confirming bank has added its own undertaking to that of the opening bank.
32、各种单证上所列的商品名称、数量、金额等项目要严格地与信用证上所列的项目一致。
All the items listed on different documents such as the name of commodities, quantity, amount must be in strict conformity with those in the L/C.
33、商业发票是所要求的最常见的单证之一。它是缮制其他单证的基础。
Commercial invoice is one of the required and most commonly found documents. It constitutes the basis on which other documents are to be prepared.
34、提单是国际贸易中最重要的单证之一。有了它，合法持有者才可以到目的地提货。
Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in foreign trade ,with which the legal holder can take delivery of the goods at the port of destination.
35、常见的运输方式有水路、铁路、公路、管道及航空运输。
The widely seen modes of transport are water, rail, roads, pipe-line, and air transport.
36、运输在生产过程中起着重要的作用。一方面，它将原材料、劳动力运到所需的地方。另一方面，将中间产品运到其他厂商供生产使用或把制成品运到消费者手中。
Transportation plays an important role in production. On the one hand ,it carries raw materials and labor to the place where they are needed. On the other hand, it transports intermediate products to other producers for use in their production process, or ship the finished goods to the hands of customers.
37、保险单是投保人与承保人之间的保险契约。一旦投保人购买了保单，其特定风险就从投保人转移到承保人。
Insurance policy serves as the insurance contract between the insured and the insurer. Once the insured buys the policy, the specified risk will transfer to the insurance company from the insured.
38、由承保人从投保人处收集的保险费作为共同

基金，受损方的索赔费从此基金中支付。
The premium collected by the insurer from the insured is pooled together as a fund, and the claims of those suffering losses are paid out of this fund.
39、货物保险是一种旨在将风险从进口商和出口商转移到专门承担风险的保险一方的活动。
Cargo insurance is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exporters and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriter.
40、最大诚信原则适用于各种保险，如某人要投保人寿险，他要如实告知其身体状况。
Utmost good faith applies to all kind of insurance. If a person wants to insure against life insurance, he has to tell the insurance company about his real state of health.
41、如果投保人有意隐瞒任何事情，或故意误导，其行为都被视为欺诈，因此保险合同无效。
If the insured intends to hide or mislead anything, which will be regarded as fraud, the contract is voidable.
42、在赔偿保险索赔时，凭借保险合同，保险公司将使受损人的利益恢复到发生损害前的同等状况。
In compensating claims, insurance company will restore the in-sured to the position he our she was in before a loss occurred.
43、第一次民界大战之前，金本位制建立了固定汇率制，每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定其货币的平价。
Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.
44、在特定条件下，提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金，提高一国的外汇汇率。
Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund ,increasing the exchange rate of one’s own currency.
45、外汇汇率有三种形式，即：买进汇率、售出汇率和两者的平均值——中间汇率。
There are three type of foreign exchange price namely: the buying rate, the selliong rate and the average of the previous two—the medial rate.
46、国际复兴开发银行由160个国家政府所共同拥有，其贷款的主要来源是在世界资本市场上的借贷。
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is owned by the governments of 160 countries. It finances its lending operations primarily from its own borrowings in world capital market.
47、世界银行对贷款作了各项规定。它明确贷款必须以生产力为目的，必须促进发展中国的经济增长，同时还要具有偿还能力。
The World Bank has set various rules for its loaning operation. It specifies that it must lend only for productive purposes and must stimulate economic growth in the developing countries, and at the same time the loan-receiving countries must be able to repay the loan.
48、对外直接投资是国际投资的主要方式，一国居民为进行监控和经

营通过对外投资获取各国的资产。
Foreign direct investment is the major form of international in-vestment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.
49、控制成本是一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一。而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要方面。
Controlling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engage in FDI. And lowering production costs is an important consideration.
50、即时库存管理系统的引进能最大限度地降低库存从而提高经营效率。
The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation.
51、证券所起着两个重要作用，它既是长期资本的融资市场，又是各类投资债券的交易市场。
The Stock Exchange plays two fundamental roles: one for capital raising market, one for various investment instrument market.
52、未上市的公司的股票不能在证交所或其他股票市场公开挂牌交易。
The unlisted companies can not trade their securities through the listing system at the stock exchange or other stock markets.
53、关贸总协定的总目标体现了各成员国的向往，即提高生活水平，提供充分就业，持续、稳定地增加收入和有效需求，充分利用世界资源扩大生产。
The GATT embodies the expectations of its member countries, that is ,to improve standards of living, full employment ,steady growing volume of real income and effective demand ,the full use of the world’s resources and the expansion of production.
54、乌拉圭回合和世界贸易组织的建立改变了世界贸易体系的性质。
The Uruguay Round and the establishment the WTO have shanged the character of the wold trading system.
55、尽管关贸总协定是以无判别待遇为原则的，但欠发达国家仍指责关贸总协定是只考虑发达国家利益的“富人俱乐部”。
Although the GATT is based on the principle of non-differential treatment, the less-developed countries still criticize it as a “rich men club” for the interest of the developed world.
56、采用强制性的自动补偿措施被看作解决发展中国家的贸易条件恶化问题的一种方案。
The introduction of compulsory and automatic compensatory measures is considered as a solution to solve the problem of deteriorating terms of trade in the developing countries.
57、为了促进欠发达国家的工业化进程，西方国家应开放他们的制造市场，或提供优惠关税政策。
Western countries should open up their manufacture markets or provide preferential tariffs to facilitate the industrialization process of the less-developed countries.
二、英译汉
Most companies use salesmen in the domestic market because experience has shown that a good salesman is worth the price. If it is decided to sell through an

agent he should be the company’s representative and sales man in the overseas target market and be regarded as an integrate part of the company. The services provided will vary, depending on what has been agreed upon, from the most simple intermediary contract with buyers to a complete range of marketing service.
From the exporters’ point of view, one advantage of the commercial agent is that the agents’ commision is usually proportional to the sales he attained. To the principals, this means“no sale—no cost”, it is important to keep the agent continuously informed of the principal’s intention.
许多企业在国内市场都在利用推销员进行销售。经验表明，花钱雇一个好的推销员是值得的。如某一公司决定通过代理商出口，这一代理商应该是该公司在国外目标市场上的推销员员，并被视为该公司不可分割的一部分。代理服务项目各有不同，要以协议而定，从与买主的联骆到整个销售服务。
对出口商来说，利用代理商服务的好处在于：代理商的佣金是根据他的推销金额按比例支付的，也就是说，“没有销售，就没有费用”。委托人要经常使代理商明确了解自己的意图，这一点很重要。
Price and pricing policy play an important role in all marketing strategy. It is worthwhile for any exporter to pay special attention to pricing before coming to grips with overseas buyers.
Overseas purchasers are generally reputed to be professional, knowledgeable and possessing solid information as a basis for their decisions. In most cases, hey are guided in their business activities by a budget which in turn is based on direct costing. This means that to them the purchase price is but one cost element among sever-al others and that the total cost does not accrue until the goods have been sold to the next customer. It is therefore irrelevant to the purchasers whether they can lower the price by bargaining or, as an alternative, make the sellers take over part of their other other costs for the product. Such peripheral costs may include special packaging, price marking.
价格和定价政策在所有销售策略中起着很重要的作用。出口商在与国外买主接触之前特别注意定价问题是值得的。
国外买主一般都被视为熟悉专业，知识面广，掌握着其决策基础的确切信息。在大多数情况下，他们在业务活动中都是以预算作为指导，而预算又是根据直接费用制订的。这就是说，对他们来说买价只不过是诸多成本因素中的一个因素，直到货物售予下一个客户之前，总的费用不能增加。因此，是通过讨价还价降低价格，还是作为替代办法，让卖主承担产品的其他部分费用，对买主来说都没有多大关系。这样的边缘费用可能有特殊包装、价格标签，其他标志等。
The relationship between a sales person and a client is important: bo

th parties want to feel satisfied with their deal and neither wants to feel cheated. A friendly, respectful relationship is more effective than an aggressive, competitive one.
A sales person should believe that his product has certain ad-vantage over the competition. A customer wants to be sure that he is buying a product that is good value and of high quality. No one in business is going to spend his company’s money on something they don’t really need(unlike consumers, who can sometimes be persuaded to by“useless” products like fur coats and solid gold watches!)
销售人员和客户之间关系是很重要的，双方都希望能对他们的买卖感到满意，并且没有一方希望感到被欺骗。一种友好的、相互尊重的关系要比一种攻击性和竞争性的关系更有效。
一个销售人员应当相信他的产品在竞争能力中具有某种优势。一个顾客则需要相信他要买的东西是有好的价值和高品质的。在生意中，没有一个人会将他公司的钱花在他们并不真正需要的东西上。（不像顾客，他们有时会被说服而购买一些毛皮大衣和包金手表这样的“无用”产品！）
In the postwar period MNCs have acquired a global pres-ence. As one statistic indicates, for most of the postwar period stocks and flows of FDI have grown faster than world income, and sometimes trade, particularly during the 1960s and since the mid-1980s. Stock measures in particular are subject to margins of error because of the difficulties with estimating their growth. Even so, it is indisputable that multinationals have become major players in the world economy: apart from the 1970s and early 1980s, the turnover of the largest 500 companies has grown faster than world output. MNCs now account for the majority of the world’s exports, while sales of foreign affiliates exceed total global exports. Furthermore, as MNCs have grown ,there has been a significant Tran nationalization of production expressed in the emergence of global production and distribution networks.
在战后，多国公司获得了全球性的发展。正如一项数据统计所显示的，在战后相当的一段时间内，特别是在60年代至80年代中期，证券和外国直接投资数量按世界收入增长要快，有时甚至要快于贸易增长的数量。但需指出的是，因为在计算证券投资增长量存在困难，它的数字会存在误差。尽管如此，毋庸置疑，多国公司已经成为世界经济中的主要玩家。若抛开70年代和80年代早期的话，500家大公司的产值增长速度远超过世界的总产值增长速度。多国公司目前的出口占据了世界出口的大多数，其在海外的分支机构的销售额超过了世界出口总额。而且，随着多国公司的壮大，已经形成了一个全球性的生产和分销网络生产多国化的明显趋势。
Economists’ argument for free trade is that opening up markets to forei

gn suppliers increases competition. Without free trade, domestic companies may have enjoyed monopoles or oligopolies(求大于供的市场情况)that enabled them to keep prices well above marginal costs. Trade liberalization will undermine that market power. Competition should also spur domestic companies to greater efficiency because they will not be able to costs of slackness in higher prices.
In addition, free trade means that firms are no longer limited by the size of their home country, but can sell into bigger markets. In industries where average production costs fall as output increases, producing economies of scale, this means lower costs and prices. In such industries, trade also increases the variety of products on offer.
经济学家关于自由贸易的争论是向外国供应商开放市场可以提高竞争。没有自由贸易，国内公司就会凭借垄断或求大于供的市场情况将价格控制在大大高于边际成本的水平上。贸易自由化会动摇这种市场力量。竞争同时也会刺激国内公司提高效率，因为他们难以将效率造成的成本转嫁到高价格上。
此外，自由贸易意味着公司不再受国内市场的规模限制，而是可以走向更大的市场。当企业的产出增加，平均生产成本下降出现规模经济时，也就意味着低成本低价位的出现。在这样的企业，贸易同时也扩大了产品供应的种类。
Non-tariff barriers include standards to protect health, safety, and product quality. The standards are sometimes used in an unduly stringent or discriminating way in order to restrict trade, but the sheer volume of regulations in this category is a problem in itself. Fruit content regulations for jam way vary so much from country to country that one agricultural specialist says,“A jam exporter needs a computer to avoid one or another country’s regulations.” Plant and animal quarantine(检疫)regulations serve an important function, but often are used solely to keep out foreign products. Al-though all countries use standards to some extent, Japan has raised the process to the level of art(技术).Differing standards is one major disagreement between the United States and Japan. American companies are often confronted by