英语论文浅谈英汉习语翻译

本科生毕业论文（设计）册学院 XXX学院专业 XXXX班级 XXXX级英语XX班学生 XXX指导教师 XXXXXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编号：论文（设计）题目：浅谈英汉习语翻译学院： XXX学院专业： XXXX 班级： XXX级XX班学生姓名： XXX 学号： XXXX指导教师XXX 职称：XXX1、论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是比较英汉习语的对应关系，并在此基础上，针对不同的对应类型提出具体的翻译方法。

其主要任务是系统地分析习语的翻译以更好地促进两种语言和文化之间的交流。

2、论文（设计）的主要内容本论文分为三章。

第一章是对习语定义和特征的简单介绍。

第二章具体叙述了英汉习语的三种对应关系。

第三章根据英汉习语不同的对应关系提出了具体的翻译方法。

3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线本论文的基础条件是翻译家和语言学家对英汉习语及其翻译的研究成果。

研究路线是对英汉习语从对应程度分类，并在此基础上提出不同对应类型的英汉习语的翻译方法。

4、主要参考文献Seidl Jennifer and W McMordie.1978. English Idioms and How to Use Them. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Nida E A. 1993. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.骆世平，2006，《英语习语研究》，上海：上海外语教育出版社。

张培基，1980，《英汉翻译教程》，上海：上海外语教育出版社。

指导教师：年月日教研室主任：年月日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书XXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述本科生毕业论文设计题目：浅谈英汉习语翻译作者姓名： XXX指导教师： XXX所在学院： XXX学院专业（系）：英XXXX 班级（届）： 2XXX届完成日期 XXXX 年 5 月 5 日On English and Chinese Idiom TranslationBYXXXXXXX, TutorA ThesisSubmitted to Department ofEnglish Language and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of B.A. in EnglishAt XXXX UniversityMay 5th,XXXX摘要习语作为一种特殊的表达方式，是语言的瑰宝。

习语是具有特定形式的词组，其含义往往不能从词组中单个词的意思推测而得。

从广义上讲，习语包括成语，俗语，谚语，俚语等。

习语是人类智慧的结晶，并且来源广泛。

因此，习语往往带有鲜明的民族特色和文化特征。

本文由三个部分组成。

第一部分是对习语定义和特征的简单介绍。

第二部分分析了英汉习语的关系。

英语和汉语中都有大量习语，二者相比较，存在着很多相似点和不同之处。

根据英汉习语的对应程度，本文将英汉习语分为三类，即完全对应习语，半对应习语和不对应习语。

在此分类基础上，本文第三部分针对各种类型习语提出了具体的翻译方法。

翻译完全对应习语时，用直译法比较合适，而借用法则适合运用于半对应习语的翻译。

至于不对应习语，译者可选择的方法较多，比如，直译加注法，意译法，意译加注法以及直译与意译相结合的方法。

在翻译过程中，译者不仅要尽量保持原语特色，还要满足目标语读者的需求。

译者应该根据不同的情况和语境灵活运用这些方法。

关键词习语特征对应关系翻译方法AbstractAs a kind of special expression, idioms are the treasure of language. An idiom is a set of fixed words that cannot be deduced from the meaning of separate words. In a broad sense, idioms include set phrases, common sayings, proverbs, slang etc. It is the crystallization of people’s wisdom and it has various origins. Thus idioms are characterized by distinctive national and cultural features.This thesis is made up of three parts. The first part is mainly introduces the definition of idioms and deals with structural and semantic features of idioms. The second part deals with the relationship of English idioms and Chinese idioms. As there are many idioms in English and Chinese, both similarities and differences exist in comparison. English idioms and Chinese idioms are classified into three types in this paper, that is, complete corresponding idioms, semi-corresponding idioms and non-corresponding idioms. This classification is in the light of the degree of correspondence. On the basis of this division, part three proposes concrete translation methods under each type. To translate complete corresponding idioms, literal translation is appropriate while borrowing translation is suitable for semi-corresponding idioms. As for non-corresponding idioms, translators have more choices such as literal translation with notes, liberal translation, liberal translation with notes, as well as combination of literal translation and liberal translation. In the process of translation, translators need try to not only conserve the original color but also meet the needs of target language readers. Translators should utilize these methods flexibly according to different situation and context.Key words idioms features corresponding relationship translation methodsContents摘要 ............................................................................................................................................................... i ii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ i v Contents (v)Introduction (1)Chapter 1 Introduction of Idioms (5)1.1 Definition of idiom (5)1.2 Features of idiom (7)1.2.1 Structural stability (7)1.2.2 Semantic unity (8)Chapter 2 Relationship between English Idioms and Chinese Idioms (10)2.1 Complete corresponding idioms (10)2.2 Semi-corresponding idioms (11)2.3 Non-corresponding idioms (13)Chapter 3 Methods Employed in Idiom Translation (15)3.1 Idiom translation (15)3.2Translation methods for corresponding idioms (17)3.3 Translation methods for semi-corresponding idioms (19)3.4 Translation methods for non-corresponding idioms (20)3.4.1 Literal translation with notes (21)3.4.2 Liberal translation (22)3.4.3 Liberal translation with notes (23)3.4.4 Combination of literal translation and liberal translation (24)Conclusion (26)Bibliography (29)IntroductionAs the essence of language, idioms exist everywhere in language. Idioms originate from the culture of nations and from people’s day-to-day life. According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, an idiom is “a group of fixed words with a special and different meaning from the meaning of the separate words” (Pearson Longman, 2009, 1219). The Britain linguist, Jennifer Seidl, had said in the introduction of his book English Idioms and How to Use Them (1978) that “Idioms are not a separate part of the language which one can choose to either to use or to omit, but they form an essential part of the general vocabula ry of English”(6). That is to say, English idioms are fixed phrases or expressions that carry special meanings, which cannot be understood by adding up the meaning of their individual words. According to Chinese scholar Luo Shiping, there are three points need to be take into consideration when an idiom is defined. First, an idiom usually has two or more than two words. Second, the structure is fixed and each part of idiom cannot be replaced arbitrarily. Third, the meaning cannot be understood by adding up the meaning of each individual part (骆世平, 2006:15).Without idioms our language and daily life might become dull and boring. Idioms come from varied origins and penetrate through people’ daily life. In a broad sense idioms include set phrases, common sayings, proverbs, and slang. An idiom, having a meaning different from the literal one and sometimes not conforming to the usual patterns of the language and grammar, is a construction expression. Some idioms have quite clear-cut and definite meanings. Some are implicit and profound which could cause a good deal of imagination, while others may include several meanings, which depend on the concretecontext to define its specific indication. And idioms have many rich and varied origins. They are closely related to every aspect of people’s life such as living environment, religion belief, history, habits and customs. Thus, idioms are full of unique local color. In general, idioms are colorful language, carrying strong local color and national features. They are also stable in form and expressive in meaning. As Zhang Peiji says, many idioms are characterized with symmetry in form, beauty in syllable and harmony in meter. They are crystals of wisdom and essence of English language and culture (张培基, 1980).Therefore, because of these distinguishing features of English idioms, idiom translation is never an easy job. The idiom translation plays a significant role in the whole text translation and the quality of translation largely relies on the translation of idioms. Idioms are typically localized in a culture. As a vital part of culture, language is unavoidable under the influence of the social customs and traditional culture, not to mention idioms. One big challenge for all language learners and translators is the cultural aspect of the language. If translators are unaware of the cultural origin of the idioms, they will find themselves and their target language readers in a condition of confusion. To be a good translator, he or she should not only convey the meaning of one idiom in the target language, but also try to keep the full flavor of it, such as figures of speech, national or features, local color, and associations.English idioms and Chinese idioms are gems of the two languages as well as the treasure of the two national cultures. A large number of idioms exist both in Chinese language and in English language. There exist not only the differences of internal characteristics but also the similarities of idioms in the two languages. Most of idioms are ofvivid images which are suitably used to compare to other things in one specific culture, as a result, idioms often contain distinctive national features and local colors. Based on the considerable and representative examples, this thesis provides more insight into the corresponding relationship between English idioms and Chinese idioms. As there are wide differences in structure and semantics between oriental and occidental languages, most of English idioms and Chinese idioms cannot correspond with each other in structure and connotation. But some of them are quite similar in form, some in meaning or using similar metaphor. Thus, on the basis of the similarities and differences, this thesis will discuss the relationship between English idioms and Chinese idioms. In this thesis, the relationship is divided into three types. They are complete corresponding idioms, semi-corresponding idioms and non-corresponding idioms.In order to keep the features of original source language idioms and meet the needs of the target language readers, translating skills should be properly employed in the process of translation. On the basis of the division of the relationship of English idioms and Chinese idioms, some concrete translation methods are put forward to match with each type of idioms. For example, when a translator translates complete corresponding idioms, for their similarity in form and connotation, they can find corresponding expression in target language. In this process, methods like literal translation and borrowing translation are usually employed. However, when non-corresponding idioms are translated, translators usually use liberal translation method and liberal translation with notes method.As it should be, these methods under each relation are not defined. In the process of translation, many problems may appear. Specific conditions need to be dealt with specificmethods. Translators should try their best to apply translation methods to practice flexibly.Chapter 1 Introduction of Idioms1.1 Definition of idiomIdiom is the essence of language, which is originated from the process of people’s working and the recognizing of the world. It is a kind of fixed and special expressions of language accepted and obtained by people. It is the carrier of culture. By idioms, people can get a quick glimpse of the culture forms of a particular nation such as region, history, religion, literature and so on. They are brief and fixed in form, concise and expressive in meaning.According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, an idiom is “a group of fixed words with a special and different meaning or connotation from the meaning of the separate words”. And according to the Chinese scholar Luo Shiping, an idiom is a set phrase particular to a language or people, whose meaning is often different from the meaning of the words that it is made up of and must be learnt as a whole. There are three points need to be taken into consideration when define an idiom. First, an idiom usually has two or more than two words. Second, it has fixed structure and its constituents cannot be replaced arbitrarily. Third, the meaning cannot be understood by adding up the meaning of each individual part (骆世平,2006).Idioms in a broad sense include set phrases, common sayings, proverbs, and slang. This is without doubt just a rough classification, for the reason that there must be some overlaps among them, for instance, some proverbs are used so widely in people’s life that they have become common sayings. It may be of great significance in translation practice to classify idioms in the light of their substance or of the ways they are formed. Thisclassification is intended to catch the attention to certain kinds of idiomatic expressions.Set phrases means “a group of words that together have a particular meaning, especially when they express the meaning well in a few words”（Longman，1231）.in twos and threes 三三两两be in two minds 犹豫不决不遗余力spare no efforts洗耳恭听lend a willing earCommon saying refers to “a well known short statement that expresses an idea most people believe is true and wise” （Longman，1461）.No mill, no meal. 不磨面，没面包。