资料 浪漫主义和启蒙运动

Romanticism

1.a. Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the latter half of the 18th century. b. It first made its appearance in England as a renewed interest in medieval literature.

2.a. With the publication of William Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads in collaboration with S.T.Coleridge, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature. b. In fact, the first half of the nineteenth century recorded the triumph of Romanticism.

3.It is an age of poetry. Its great men of genius were mostly eminent in the poetical field, distinction was more easily achieved in poetry than in prose, the general taste was decidedly set in the poetic direction.

4.This fact has helped to mark it as the second great age in English literary history; for poetry is the highest form of literary expression, and poetry seems to have been most in harmony with the noblest powers of the English genius.

The glory of the age is in the poetry of Scott, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats, Moore, and Southey.

It remains to be said that the literature of the age was exceedingly rich and varied. The great literary impulse of the age is the impulse of Individualism in a wonderful variety of forms.

Enlightenment;

1.It was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. The Enlightenments fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.

2.The problem of man comes to the fore, superseding all other problems in literature. The Enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.

Fighting the survivals of Feudalism, the Enlighteners were prone to accept bourgeois relationships as rightful and reasonable relationships among people.

3.The most outstanding personality of the epoch of Enlightenment in England was Jonathan Swift. He ruthlessly exposed the dirty mercenary essence of bourgeois relationships. In his famous novel Gulliver's Travels he typified the bourgeois world, drew ruthless pictures of the depraved aristocracy and satirically portrayed the whole of the English State system.

Dickens:

1.①Dickens was the greatest critical realist in his time. He paid lots of attention to the social problems. He reflected people's resistance and revolt for capitalist evils.② But as critical as he was, he could never put forward an effective solution to the social