6月中国制造业采购指数为50.2%低于预期
3M VHB 胶带 物性表
Tape NumberColorThickness in. (mm)Tape NumberColorThickness in. (mm)4930 (F) White 0.025 (0.64) 4955 White 0.080 (2.0) 4932 White 0.025 (0.64) 4956 (F) Gray 0.062 (1.55) 4936 (F) Gray 0.025 (0.64) 4957F Gray 0.062 (1.55) 4941 (F) Gray 0.045 (1.1) 4959 (F) White 0.120 (3.0) 4943F Gray 0.045 (1.1) 4979F Black 0.062 (1.55) 4945 White 0.045 (1.1) 4991 Gray 0.090 (2.3) 4946 White 0.045 (1.1) 5915 (P) Black 0.016 (0.4) 4947F Black 0.045 (1.1) 5925 (P) Black 0.025 (0.64) 4949 Black 0.045 (1.1) 5930 (P) Black 0.032 (0.8) 4950 White 0.045 (1.1) 5952 (P) Black 0.045 (1.1) 4951 White 0.045 (1.1) 5958FR Black 0.040 (1.0) 4952 White 0.045 (1.1)5962 (P) Black 0.062 (1.55)VHB ™T apesTechnical DataMay, 2013Product Description:3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes provide the convenience and simplicity of a tape fastener and are ideal for use in many interior and exterior bonding applications. In many situations, they can replace rivets, spot welds, liquid adhesives and other permanent fasteners.These 3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes are made with acrylic foam which is viscoelastic in nature. This gives the foam energy absorbing and stress relaxing properties which provides these tapes with their unique characteristics. The acrylic chemistry provides outstanding durability performance.These tapes utilize a variety of specific foam, adhesive, color and release liner types to provide each product/family with specific features. These features can include adhesion to specific or a broad range of materials, conformability, high tensile strength, high shear and peel adhesion, resistance to plasticizer migration, and UL746C recognition. All 3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes have excellent durability and excellent solvent and moisture resistance.Note: All 3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes should be thoroughly evaluated by the end user under actual use conditions with intended substrates to determine whether a specific tape is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user ’s method of application, especially if expected use involves extreme environmental conditions or high dead load stress.3M ™ VHB ™ T ape ProductsTape NumberColorThickness in. (mm)4611 Dk Gray 0.045 (1.1) 4618 White 0.025 (0.64) 4622 White 0.045 (1.1) 4624 White 0.062 (1.55) 4646 Dk Gray 0.025 (0.64) 4655 Dk Gray 0.062 (1.55) 4905 Clear 0.020 (0.5) 4910 Clear 0.040 (1.0) 4914 White 0.010 (0.25) 4919F Black 0.025 (0.64) 4920 White 0.015 (0.4) 4926 Gray 0.015 (0.4) 4929 Black 0.025 (0.64) (F) or (P) after the product number designate that both a paper and film liner product version are available. [e.g. 4930 (paper liner) and 4930F (film liner),5915 (film liner) and 5915P (paper liner). See page 3 for specific details.3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes Adhesive Types:Multi-Purpose Acrylic: This adhesive bonds to a wide range of materials including metals, glass, and high and medium surface energy plastics and paints. This unique adhesive also has the ability to resist migration of plasticizers in vinyl substrates. Modified Acrylic: This adhesive bonds to medium low surface energy paints and plastics, including many powder coated paints in addition to the substrates listed with the multi-purpose acrylic adhesive (except plasticized vinyl).General Purpose Acrylic: This adhesive bonds to most higher surface energy substrates including metal, glass and high surface energy plastics.Low Temperature Appliable Acrylic: This adhesive can make bonds down to 32°F (0°C), compared to 50°F (10°C) for most acrylic adhesives. This adhesive system bonds to most high surface energy substrates including metal, glass and high surface energy plastics.Low Surface Energy: This high performance synthetic adhesive bonds to many lower surface energy substrates, including many plastics and power coated paints, plus smooth general purpose substrates.3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes Foam Types:Conformable: This foam provides high strength with the capability of conforming to the irregularities of rigid substrates, even when there might be slight mismatch.Very Conformable: This foam provides the highest level of conformability while maintaining high internal strength. Firm: This foam provides the highest level of foam strength in the 3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes family. Clear: Not technically a foam, this solid acrylic material provides excellent clarity.3M™VHB™Tapes3M™ VHB™ Tape Families:4941 This family utilizes multi-purpose acrylic adhesive on both sides of conformable foam. The adhesive provides excellent adhesion to a broad range of high and medium surface energy substrates including metals, glass, and awide variety of plastics, as well as plasticized vinyl. The conformable foam provides good contact, even withmismatched substrates. Available in gray and black.5952 This family matches the modified acrylic adhesive on both sides of very conformable foam, providing adhesion to the broadest range of substrates, including most powder coated paints. Available in black.4950 This family has general purpose adhesive on both sides of firm type foam. This family is typically used on metal, glass and high surface energy plastic substrates. Available in white and black.4945 This family has multi-purpose adhesive on both sides of firm foam. Available in white.4910 This family of clear tapes is excellent for applications where clear or colorless is desired. The general purpose adhesive on both sides is suitable for high surface energy substrates.4951 This family of tapes is based around the low temperature appliable acrylic adhesive system, utilized on both firm and conformable foam types. These products are suitable for high surface energy substrates. Available inwhite (firm foam) and gray (conformable foam).4952 This family utilizes the low surface energy adhesive on a firm foam. Available in white.4611 This family has a general purpose adhesive on both sides of firm foam. This family of tapes is typically used on metal substrates, and has the added feature of high temperature resistance, making it often suitable for bondingprior to high temperature paint processing. Available in dark gray.4622 This family has general purpose adhesive on the face side (the side that typically would be bonded first) and multi-purpose adhesive on the liner side (the side exposed when the release liner is removed) of a conformablefoam. Available in white.3M™ VHB™ Tape Product Family GuideNOTE: For easy product comparison, data in this product information page will be organized by product family.3M ™ VHB ™ TapesTypical Physical PropertiesNote: The following technical information and data should be consideredrepresentative or typical only and should not be used for specification purposes.3M ™ VHB ™ TapesTypical Performance CharacteristicsNote: The following technical information and data should be consideredrepresentative or typical only and should not be used for specification purposes.90° Peel Adhesion - Based on ASTM D3330 -T o stainless steel, room temperature, jaw speed 12 in/min (305 mm/min). Average force to remove is measured. 72 hour dwell.Normal Tensile (T-Block T ensile) - ASTM D-897 - T o aluminum, room temperature, 1 in 2 (6.45 cm 2), jaw speed 2 in/min (50 mm/min.) Peak force to separate is measured. 72 hour dwell.Dynamic Overlap Shear - ASTM D-1002 - T o stainless steel, room temperature, 1 in 2 (6.45 cm 2), jaw speed 0.5 in/min (12.7 mm/min.) Peak force to separate is measured. 72 hour dwell.3M ™ VHB ™ TapesTypical Performance CharacteristicsNote: The following technical information and data should be consideredrepresentative or typical only and should not be used for specification purposes.Static Shear - ASTM D3654 - To stainless steel, tested at various temperatures and gram loadings. 0.5 in 2 (3.22 cm 2). Will hold listed weight for 10,000 minutes (approximately 7 days). Conversion: 1500 g/0.5 in 2 equals 6.6 lb/in 2; 500 g/0.5 in 2 = 2.2 lb/in 2.Short Term Temperature Tolerance - No change in room temperature dynamic shear properties following 4 hours conditioning at indicated temperature with 100 g/static load. (Represents minutes, hours in a process type temperature exposure).Long Term Temperature Tolerance - Maximum temperature where tape supports at least 250 g load per 0.5 in 2 in static shear for 10,000 minutes. (Represents continuous exposure for days or weeks).3M™VHB™Tapes*Exception – 5915 (P) max. width 46 inches (1170 mm); 5925 (P) max. width 47 inches (1195 mm).Slitting T oleranceStandard slitting tolerance ± 1/32 inch (± 0.031 inch, ± 0.8 mm).Precision slitting with slitting tolerance of ± 1/64 inch (± 0.016 in., ± 0.44 mm) is available on select products with minimum order of full web increments.Core SizeAll products are provided on a 3 inch ID Core (76.2 mm).Converted PartsIn addition to standard and custom roll sizes available from 3M through the distribution network, 3M™VHB™ Tapes are also available in limitless shapes and sizes through the 3M Converter network. For additional information, contact 3M Converter Markets at 1-800-223-7427 or on the web at /converter.Shelf LifeAll 3M™VHB™ Tapes have a shelf life of 24 months from date of manufacture when stored at 40°F to 100°F (4°C to 38°C) and 0-95% relative humidity. The optimum storage conditions are 72°F (22°C) and 50% relative humidity.Performance of tapes is not projected to change even after shelf life expires; however, 3M does suggest that3M™VHB™ Tapes are used prior to the shelf life date whenever possible.The manufacturing date is available on all 3M™VHB™ Tape cores as the lot number. The lot number, typically a 4 digit code, is a Julian date (Y D D D). The first digit refers to the year of manufacture, the last 3 digits refer to the days after January 1. Example: A lot number of 9266 would translate to a date of manufacture of Sept. 22 (266th day of year) in 2009. On most products this is found as the 4 digits after the “9” following the product number. For tapes printed continuously around the core (e.g. 3M™VHB™ Tape 5952 family) the lot number typically will be the string of 4 digits preceding the product number.3M ™ VHB ™ TapesTapesConstant Factor 4941 at 1 kHz2.29 0.0245 Tapes 4941 hr ft °F 0.53 (w/mK) (0.08) 5952 0.37 (0.05) at 1 MHz 1.95 0.0506 4950/4945 0.63 (0.09) 4950 at 1 kHz 2.28 0.0227 4910 1.09 (0.16) at 1 MHz 1.99 0.0370 46110.77(0.11)5952 at 1 kHz2.14 0.00654910 at 1 kHz 3.21 0.0214 at 1 MHz 2.68 0.0595 4611 at 1 kHz 2.80 0.0130 at 1 MHz2.430.0564nAdditional Typical Performance CharacteristicsNote: The following technical information and data should be considered representative or typical only and should notbe used for specification purposes.Outgassing: 3M ™ VHB™ Tapes % TML %VCM %WVR Dielectric Breakdown Strength (ASTM D149)3M ™ VHB™ Tapes (in volts/mil)3M ™ VHB ™ TapesUL746C Listings - File MH 17478Category QOQW2 Component - Polymeric Adhesive Systems, Electrical Equipment4930 0.77 0.01 0.214932 2.41 0.66 0.23 49451.240.010.19TML - Total Mass LossVCM - Volatile Condensible Materials WVR - Water Vapor RegainedNASA Reference Publication, “Outgassing Data for Selecting Spacecraft Materials”, (11/18/2004) Available online at 4941 360 4926 330 5952 455 5925 520 4950 460 4920 640 4910 630 4611330Dielectric Constant (ASTM D150) 3M ™ VHB ™ Dielectric DissipationThermal Conductivity - K-value 3M™ VHB™ BTU in/at 1 MHz1.990.0374Resistivity (ASTM D257)R-Value = thicknessK-value(When units of K-value are BTU-in/hr ft °F and thickness is given in inches.)3M ™ VHB ™ Volume Resistivity Surface Resistance Tapes (in ohm-cm)(in ohms/square)4914 1.7 x 10>104941 2.1 x 10 2.7 x 105952 2.5 x 10>10 4950 1.5 x 10>10 4920 1.7 x 10>10 4910 3.1 x 10>10 46111.4 x 10>10Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) (ASTM F1249) at 38°C/100% RH 3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes 4950 14.0 g/(m 2 day) 4941 25.6 g/(m 2 day) 595237.1 g/(m 2 day)Solvent and Fuel ResistanceTypical 3M ™ VHB ™ Tape Properties for Modeling %R100 90 Thermal Coefficient Ae 8080 of Expansion1 x 10in/in/°F1.8 x 10mm/mm/°C Shear Modulus (@25°C, 1 Hz)d t 7070 he 6060 en 5050 s t 4040 i i 3030 4950 Family: 6 x 10Pa 4941 Family: 3 x 10Pa(Shear Modulus is both temperature and frequency dependent).Youngs Modulus: For VHB tapes the YoungsModulus will be about 3 times the Shear Modulus. v o 20e Salt WaterHydraulic Fluid10W30 Motor Oil KeroseneIsopropyl AlcoholJet Fuel20 10 0Poisson ’s Ratio T est MethodGlycol Antifreeze0.49Burn Characteristics 3M ™ VHB ™ Tape 5958FR Meets FAR 25.853 (a) 12 second vertical burn, Appendix F, Part I (a)(ii).Meets NBS Smoking Density (ASTM F814/E662). Meets Toxicity (Draeger Tube ABD0031, AITM 3.0005)• T ape between stainless steel and aluminum foil. • 72 hours dwell at room temperature. • Solvent immersion for 72 hours.• T est within 45 minutes after removing from solvent. • 90° peel angle.• 12 in./min. rate of peel.• Peel adhesion compared to control.Note: Continuous submersion in chemical solutions is not recommended. The above information is presented to show thatoccasional chemical contact should not be detrimental to tape performance in most applications in ordinary use.3M ™ VHB ™ TapesE s t i m a t e o f % o f M a x i m u m 3M ™ V H B ™ T a p e A d h e s i o nDesign and T ape Selection ConsiderationsChoose the right tape for the substrate: Adhesives must flow onto the substrate surfaces in order to achieve intimate contact area and allow the molecular force of attraction to develop. The degree of flow of the adhesive on the substrate is largely determined by the surface energy of the substrate.AdhesiveHigh surface energy— SubstrateLow surface energy— SubstrateThis illustration demonstrates the effect of surface energy on adhesive interfacial contact. High surface energy materials draw the adhesive closer for high bond strength.Relationship of Adhesion and Surface Energy for 3M ™ VHB ™ Tape Adhesive FamiliesHIGHMEDIUMLOW400-1100 Aluminum42-50 PolyimideABS38-39PVA36-37EVA18-33 Stainless Steel Copper Zinc Tin LeadAnodized Aluminum GlassPhenolic NylonAlkyd Enamel Polyester Epoxy Paint PolyurethanePolycarbonate (Lexan ®) PVC Noryl ® AcrylicPolane ® Paint Powder PaintPolystyrene AcetalKynar ® Paint Powder PaintPolyethylene Polypropylene Tedlar ® Silicone PTFENOTES: There are a wide variety of formulations, surfaces finishes and surface treatments available on substrate materials which can affect adhesion. This chart is intendedto provide only a rough estimate of the adhesion levels which can be expected on some common materials relative to a reference surface such as aluminum.Light abrasion of surface will significantly increase adhesion levels on many materials, except when using tapes 4952/4932.Use the right tape thickness: The necessary thickness of tape depends on the rigidity of substrates and their flatness irregularity. While the 3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes will conform to a certain amount of irregularity, they will not flow to fill gaps between the materials. For bonding rigid materials with normal flatness, consider use of tapes with thickness of 45 mils (1.1 mm) or greater. As the substrate flexibility increases thinner tapes can be considered.Use the right amount of tape: Because 3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes are viscoelastic by nature their strength and stiffness is a function of the rate at which they are stressed. They behave stronger with relatively faster rate of stress load (dynamic stresses) and will tend to show creep behavior with stress load acting over a long period of time (static stresses). As a general rule, for static loads, approximately four square inches of tape should be used for each pound of weight to be supported in order to prevent excessive creep. For dynamic loads, the dynamic performance characteristics provided on page 4 should be useful, factoring in the appropriate safety factors.Allow for thermal expansion/contraction: 3M ™ VHB ™ Tapes can perform well in applications where two bonded surfaces may expand and contract differentially. Assuming good adhesion to the substrates, the tapes can typically tolerate differential movement in the shear plane up to 3 times their thickness.Bond Flexibility: While an advantage for many applications where allowing differential movement is a benefit, the tape bonds are typically more flexible than alternative bonding methods. Suitable design modifications or periodic use of rigid fasteners or adhesives may be needed if additional stiffness is required.Severe Cold Temperature: Applications which require performance at severe cold temperatures must be thoroughly evaluated by the user if the intended use will subject the tape product to high impact stresses. A technical bulletin “3M™ VHB ™ Tape Cold Temperature Performance ” (70-0707-3991-0) is available for additional information.3M ™ VHB ™ TapesApplication T echniquesClean: Most substrates are best prepared by cleaning with a 50:50 mixture of isopropyl alcohol (IPA*) and water prior to applying 3M™ VHB™ Tapes.Exceptions to the general procedure that may require additional surface preparation include:• Heavy Oils: A degreaser or solvent-based cleaner may be required to remove heavy oil or grease from a surface and should be followed by cleaning with IPA/water.• Abrasion: Abrading a surface, followed by cleaning with IPA/water, can remove heavy dirt or oxidation and can increase surface area to improve adhesion.• Adhesion Promoters: Priming a surface can significantly improve initial and ultimate adhesion to many materials such as plastics and paints.• Porous surfaces: Most porous and fibered materials such as wood, particleboard, concrete, etc. need to be sealed to provide a unified surface.• Unique Materials: Special surface preparation may be needed for glass and glass-like materials, copper and copper containing metals, and plastics or rubber that contain components that migrate (e.g. plasticizers).Refer to 3M Technical Bulletin “Surface Preparation for 3M™ VHB™ Tape Applications” for additional details and suggestions. (70-0704-8701-5)*Note: These cleaner solutions contain greater than 250 g/l of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Pleaseconsult your local Air Quality Regulations to be sure the cleaner is compliant. When using solvents, be sure to follow the manufacturer ’s precautions and directions for use when handling such materials.Pressure: Bond strength is dependent upon the amount of adhesive-to-surface contact developed. Firmapplication pressure develops better adhesive contact and helps improve bond strength. Typically, good surface contact can be attained by applying enough pressure to insure that the tape experiences approximately 15 psi (100 kPa) pressure. Either roller or platen pressure can be used. Note that rigid surfaces may require 2 or 3 times that much pressure to make the tape experience 15 psi.Temperature: Ideal application temperature range is 70°F to 100°F (21°C to 38°C). Pressure sensitiveadhesives use viscous flow to achieve substrate contact area. Minimum suggested application temperatures:• 50°F (10°C): 3M™ VHB™ Tapes 4950, 5952, 4910, 4952, 4611, 4622 families. • 60°F (15°C): 3M™ VHB™ Tapes 4941, 4945 families. • 32°F (0°C): 3M ™ VHB ™ Tape 4951 families.Note: Initial tape application to surfaces at temperatures below these suggested minimums is notrecommended because the adhesive becomes too firm to adhere readily. However, once properly applied, low temperature holding is generally satisfactory. To obtain good performance with all 3M™ VHB™ Tapes, it is important to ensure that the surfaces are dry and free of condensed moisture.Time: After application, the bond strength will increase asthe adhesive flows onto the surface (also referred to as “we t out”). Bond Typical Build vs. TimeAt room temperature approximately 50% of ultimate bond strength will be achieved after 20 minutes, 90% after 24 hours 80and 100% after 72 hours. This flow is faster at higher temperatures and slower at lower temperatures. Ultimate bond strength can be achieved more quickly (and in some cases bond strength can be increased) by exposure of the bond to elevated temperatures (e.g. 150°F [66°C] for 1 hour). This can provide better adhesive wetout onto the substrates. Abrasion of the surfaces or the use of primers/ adhesion promoters can also have the effect of increasing bond strength and achieving ultimate bond strength more quickly.20 MIN 1 HOUR24 HOURS3M ™ VHB ™ TapesSpecial Cases:Rough Surfaces with 3M™ VHB™ Tapes 4932/4952 – 3M™ VHB™ Tapes 4932/4952 were designed to adhere to many low surface energy substrates. Rough surfaces created by light abrasion or textured molds are typically detrimental to bond strength with this tape family.Plasticized Vinyl – Plasticizers compounded in soft vinyl can migrate into adhesives and significantly change their performance characteristics. 3M™ VHB™ Tapes 4941 and 4945 families have very good plasticizer resistance and adhesion to many vinyl formulations. Because of the wide variation in vinyl formulations,however, evaluation by the user must be conducted with the specific vinyl used to ensure that performance will be satisfactory over time. Problems related to plasticizer migration can often be predicted by accelerated aging of assembled parts at 150°F (66°C) for one week).Technical InformationThe technical information, recommendations and other statements contained in this document arebased upon tests or experience that 3M believes are reliable, but the accuracy or completeness of such information is not guaranteed.Product UseMany factors beyond 3M ’s control and uniquely within user ’s knowledge and control can affect the use and performance of a 3M product in a particular application. Given the variety of factors that can affect the use and performance of a 3M product, user is solely responsible for evaluating the 3M product and determining whether it is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user ’s method of application.Limited Warranty3M warrants for 24 months from the date of manufacture that 3M™ VHB™ Tape will be free of defects in material and manufacture. 3M MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. This limited warranty does not cover damage resulting from the use or inability to use 3M ™ VHB™ Tape due to misuse, workmanship in application, or application or storage not in accordance with 3M recommended procedures. AN APPLICATIONWARRANTY EXPRESSLY APPROVED AND ISSUED BY 3M IS AN EXCEPTION. THE CUSTOMER MUST APPLY FOR A SPECIFIC APPLICATION WARRANTY AND MEET ALL WARRANTY ANDPROCESS REQUIREMENTS TO OBTAIN AN APPLICATION WARRANTY . CONTACT 3M FOR MORE INFORMATION ON APPLICATION WARRANTY TERMS AND CONDITIONS.Limitation of Remedies and LiabilityIf the 3M ™ VHB ™ T ape is proved to be defective within the warranty period stated above. THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY , AT 3M’S OPTION, SHALL BE TO REFUND THE PURCHASE PRICE OF OR TO REPAIR OR REPLACE THE DEFECTIVE 3M ™ VHB ™ TAPE. 3M shall not otherwise be liable for loss or damages, whether direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential, regardless of the legal theory asserted, including negligence, warranty, or strict liability.This Industrial Adhesives and Tapes Division product was manufactured under a 3M quality system registered to ISO 9001: 2008 standards.Industrial Adhesives and Tapes Division3M Center, Building 225-3S-06 St. Paul, MN 55144-1000800-362-3550 • 877-369-2923 (Fax) /vhbRecycled Paper 40% pre-consumer 10% post-consumer3M and VHB are trademarks of 3M Company. Tedlar is a registered trademark of E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Co. Inc.Kynar is a registered trademark of Arkema.Lexan and Noryl are registered trademarks of Sabic Innovative Plastics IP BV.Polane is a registered trademark of Swimc, Inc. Printed in U.S.A.©3M 2013 70-0709-3863-7(6/11)。
6_磷酸果糖激酶_2_果糖双磷酸酶_2是一种重要的代谢信号酶
— —— —— —— —— —— 收稿日期： ２００５－ １１－ ０１ 广西医科大学校内基金 作者简介： 陶 萍 （１９８０—），女，硕士生，Ｅ－ ｍａｉｌ：ｔａｏｐｉｎｇ－
８０２６＠ｓｏｈｕ．ｃｏｍ； 吴耀生 （１９５８—），女，硕士，教授，研究生导 师，联系作者，Ｅ－ ｍａｉｌ：ｗｕｙａｏｓｈｅｎｇ０３＠ｓｉｎａ．ｃｏｍ
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· １１０ · 文章编号：１０００－ １３３６（２００６）０２－ ０１１０－ ０４
《生命的化学》２００６ 年 ２６ 卷 ２ 期 ＣＨＥＭＩＳＴＲＹ ＯＦ ＬＩＦＥ ２００６， ２６（２）
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６－ 磷酸果糖激酶－ ２／果糖双磷Байду номын сангаас酶－ ２ 是一种重要的代谢信号酶
比（ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ ａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔ ）和模拟实验，通过定向诱变 研究大量的氨基酸残基发现，ＰＦＫ－ ２ 结构域与腺 苷激酶有相似性，而 ＦＢＰａｓｅ－ ２ 亚基的结构域所 包含的序列、力学和结构因素则与组氨酸磷酸酶 家族很相似。ＰＦＫ－ ２／ＦＢＰａｓｅ－ ２ 是一个二聚体，包 括两个结构域：主要的 α／β域和一小的结构域。 从小角度的 Ｘ 射线散射实验数据显示，与 ６－ 磷酸 葡萄糖结合可以使 ＰＦＫ－ ２／ＦＢＰａｓｅ－ ２ 产生一个更 为紧凑的结构；在变构位点接合 Ｍｇ ＡＴＰ 可以使 其转变为四聚体形式并引起三级结构的改变 。 ［１，２］ 在同型二聚体结构中，２ 个 ＰＦＫ－ ２ 结构域是以头 对头的形式连接在一块，而 ＦＢＰａｓｅ－ ２ 基本是独 立的，仅仅有一个盐桥相连。ＰＦＫ－ ２ 结构域由 ７ 个 α螺旋缠绕的 ６ 股 β折叠构成［３］。从一些细菌 中发现，焦磷酸依赖的 ＰＦＫ－ ２／ＦＢＰａｓｅ－ ２ 也是以 二聚体形式存在的［４，５］。
剩余电流动作断路器产品手册说明书
PM/ IS 12640(Part 1)/ 2/ November 2018PRODUCT MANUAL FORRESIDUAL CURRENT OPERATED CIRCUIT BREAKERSWITHOUT INTEGRAL OVERCURRENT PROTECTION FOR HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR USES (RCCBs)ACCORDING TO IS 12640(Part 1):2016/IEC 61008-1:2012This Product Manual shall be used as reference material by all Regional/Branch Offices & licensees to ensure coherence of practice and transparency in operation of certification under Scheme-I of Bureau of Indian Standards (Conformity Assessment) Regulations, 2018 for various products. The document may also be used by prospective applicants desirous of obtaining BIS certification licence/certificate.BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSManak Bhawan, 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,New Delhi – 110002 Page 1PM/ IS 12640(Part 1)/ 2/ November 2018ANNEX AList Of Test EquipmentMajor test equipment required to test as per the Indian StandardPage 2PM/ IS 12640(Part 1)/ 2/ November 2018ANNEX BScheme Of Inspection And Testing1. LABORATORY- A laboratory shall be maintained which shall be suitably equipped (as per the requirement given in column 2 of Table 1) and staffed, where different tests given in the specification shall be carried out in accordance with the methods given in the specification.1.1 The manufacturer shall prepare a calibration plan for the test equipment.2. TEST RECORDS - The manufacturer shall maintain test records for the tests carried out to establish conformity.3. LABELLING AND MARKING - As per the requirements of IS 12640 (PART 1):2016/ IEC 6 1008-1:2012. In addition, each RCCB or the carton in which the RCCBs are packed shall carry the identification mark in code or otherwise for traceability.4. CONTROL UNIT - A ll the RCCBs of the same fundamental design manufactured in a shift shall constitute a control unit.5. LEVELS OF CONTROL - The tests as indicated in column 1 of Table 1 and the levels of control in column 3 of Table 1, shall be carried out on the whole production of the factory which is covered by this plan and appropriate records maintained in accordance with paragraph 2 above.6. REJECTIONS - Disposal of non-conforming product shall be done in such a way so as to ensure that there is no violation of provisions of BIS Act, 2016Page 3TABLE 1Page 4TABLE 1Page 5TABLE 1Page 6TABLE 1Page 7TABLE 1Page 8TABLE 1Page 9TABLE 1Note-1: Sub-contracting is permitted to a laboratory recognized by the Bureau or Government laboratories empanelled by the Bureau.Note-2: Levels of control given in column 3 are only recommendatory in nature. The manufacturer may define the control unit/batch/lot and submit his own levels of control in column 3 with proper justification for approval by BO Head.Page 10PM/ IS 12640(Part 1)/ 2/ November 2018ANNEX CPossible Tests in a day∙Tripping Test∙Electric Strength Test∙Performance of the test device∙Indelibility of Marking∙Clearance & Creepage distance (only for item 1 & 3 of Table 5 of IS 12640(Part 1):2016)∙Trip free mechanism∙Reliability of screws, current carrying parts and connections∙Reliability of terminals for external conductors∙Protection against electric shock∙Verification of resistance of the insulation of open contacts and basic insulation against an impulse voltage in normal conditions∙Verification of the behavior of components bridging the basic insulation∙Capability of control circuits connected to the main circuits∙Residual Operating Characteristics∙Behavior in case of failure of line voltagePage 11。
Laminate R-1755V Prepreg R-1650V 数据表 - 高可靠性玻璃环氧多层材
Y – axis
Z – axis
CTE : α2
Z - axis
Volume Resistivity
Surface Resistivity
ELECTRICAL
Dielectric Constant ( Dk )
@ 1MHz @ 1GHz
Dissipation Factor ( Df )
@ 1MHz @ 1GHz
Typical Df 100MHz 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.014 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014
1GHz 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.016 0.019 0.018 0.014 0.018 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.014
Water Absorption
PHYSICAL
Peel Strength
1oz
Flammability Sample thickness ; 32 mil ( 0.8 ㎜ )
* The data in the above table are not guaranteed values.
℃ Min Min ppm / ℃ ppm / ℃ ppm / ℃ ppm / ℃ MΩ - cm MΩ
* The data in the above table are not guaranteed values.
1MHz 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013
6英寸高均匀性P型硅外延片的工艺研究
6英寸高均匀性P型硅外延片的工艺研究吕婷;李明达;陈涛【摘要】主要进行了6英寸（152.4 mm）高均匀性P型硅外延片的生产工艺研究。
利用 PE-2061S型桶式外延炉，在重掺硼的硅衬底上化学气相沉积P/P+型硅外延层。
通过流场调节工艺、基座包硅工艺、变流量解吸工艺、两步生长工艺等关键工艺的改进，对非主动掺杂效应进行了有效抑制，利用FTIR（傅里叶变换红外线光谱分析）、C-V（电容-电压测试）、SRP（扩展电阻技术）等测试方法对外延层的电学参数以及过渡区形貌进行了测试，得到结晶质量良好、厚度不均匀性<1%、电阻率不均匀性<1.5%的6英寸P型高均匀性硅外延片，各项参数均可以达到器件的使用要求。
%The paper mainly describes a kind of practical production process with the 6-inch silicon epitaxial wafers with high uniformity. Using the PE-2061S barrel-type epitaxial furnace, required 6-inch P/P+-type silicon epitaxial layer was prepared on the heavily B-doped silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition. The key processes such as the flow field adjusting process, the susceptor coating with silicon process, variable flow rate process and the two-step growth process were effectively improved. The electricity parameter as well as the transition region morphology of the epitaxial layer was analyzed by using some testing methods such as FTIR(Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry), C-V, SRP(spreading resistance proifle)and so on. Finally, P/P+-type silicon epitaxial wafers were successfully prepared, and all the parameters were adapted to the design requirements of devices,such as good crystallization quality, the thickness nonuniformity <1%, the resistivity nonuniformity <1.5%.【期刊名称】《电子与封装》【年(卷),期】2015(000)009【总页数】4页(P36-39)【关键词】6英寸;均匀性;P型硅外延;非主动掺杂【作者】吕婷;李明达;陈涛【作者单位】中国电子科技集团公司第46研究所，天津 300220;中国电子科技集团公司第46研究所，天津 300220;中国电子科技集团公司第46研究所，天津300220【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN304.051 引言目前P型硅外延材料是制备微波功率MOS器件和光电探测器件的关键基础材料，外延层的质量与器件性能密切相关[1～3]。
(五)糖醛酸途径1、定义_从6-P-G或1-P-G开始,经UDP-葡萄糖醛酸....ppt
P-二羟丙酮
反刍动物体内
1，3-二磷酸甘油酸
乙酸、丙酸
丁酸
3-磷酸甘油酸
？ 糖异生的能量计算
2-磷酸甘油酸
琥珀酰C0A
PEP
草酰乙酸 TCA的中间产物
乳酸 Cori循环 丙酮酸
大多数氨基酸
3、糖异生途径的意义
❖ 葡萄糖异生对人类以及其他动物是绝对需要的途径：人 脑对葡萄糖有高度依赖性。红细胞也需要葡萄糖。尤其 在饥饿状态下葡萄糖异生尤为重要；在机体处在剧烈运 动时，也需要非糖物质及时提供葡萄糖，以维持血糖水 平。
2、6-BP增加，激活PFK，加速酵解；同时F-2、6-BP的增加
抑制果糖-1、6-二磷酸酶活性，使糖异生作用受抑制。
糖异生与糖酵解作用的相互调节：
2、丙酮酸激酶、丙酮酸羧化酶和PEP羧激酶的调节：
高水平的ATP和Ala抑制丙酮酸激酶，从而抑制糖酵解； 由于该情况下乙酰CoA亦是充裕的，则活化丙酮酸羧化酶，有 助于糖异生的进行。反之，在细胞供能状态较低时，ADP水 平较高，则抑制丙酮酸羧化酶和PEP羧激酶，关闭糖异生作用。
丙酮酸激酶被F-1、6BP活化（前馈激活），即需要糖酵解 加速时该酶的活性被提高。
当饥饿时，由于血糖水平低，激素胰高血糖素释放，引起 cAMP的级联作用，使丙酮酸激酶发生磷酸化，从而失去活性，
抑制糖酵解。
3、高浓度的6-P-G抑制己糖激酶而活化葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶，从而 抑制酵解，促进糖异生。
4、 2，6-二磷酸果糖是强效应物，对催化这个反应的两个酶的 作用正相反，当葡萄糖丰富时， 2，6-二磷酸果糖增加，激活 磷酸果糖激酶，强烈抑制果糖二磷酸酶，从而加速酵解，减弱 糖异生。而饥饿时2，6-二磷酸果糖减少，从而降低酵解，增加 糖异生。因此， 2，6-二磷酸果糖对决定葡萄糖的分解与合成 起着重要的作用。
6-6一阶电路(冲击响应)
§6-6 一阶电路的冲激响应 一、单位冲激函数的定义：⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫=-≤+≥=⎰∞∞-1)(0)(dt t o t o t t δδ或 ⎩⎨⎧=∞≠=o t0)(o t t δ⎰∞∞-=1)(dt t δ单位冲激函数又称δ函数或狄拉克函数。
)(t δ可以用来描述某些物理现象，如冲击力、闪电等一些作用时间短，强度大，能达到一定作用结果的情况。
用一条短路线对电容器放电，放电电流因O R →而非常大，时间很短，其情形也比较近似)(t δ函数。
)(t δ函数可以看作单位脉冲函数的一种极限情况，（数学意义单位脉冲函数∆P (t )⎰∞∞-∆=1)(dt t P⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧∆≥∆<<∆≤=++--∆t o t o o t o t P 1)( 当0→∆时∞→∆1而+→+∆o即得⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧+≥∞→∆-≤=∆→∆o t o o t o t p o 1 )(lim⎰∞∞-∆=1)(dt t P上述表达的极限就是)(t δ)(t δ是一种理想化的或者说理论上的脉冲波型 单位冲激函数的波形：如果冲激函数脉冲发生的时间不是o t=而是o t t =，而且强度不是1而是k （波形面积为k ），则可表示为)(o t t k -δ，其中)(o t t -δ称为延时（延迟）冲激函数。
对于单位冲激函数)(t δ 当o t ≠时，0)(=t δ对o t =时连续的)(t f 有 )()()()(t o f t t f δδ=∴⎰⎰∞∞-∞∞-==)()()()()(o f dt t o f dt t t f δδt)(t δ1tk )(t δ ktf(t)t 0k )(o t t -δ同理，对于在任意时刻τ=t 处连续的函数)(t f 有)()()(ττδf dt t t f =-⎰∞∞-这个式子说明了δ函数有将某函数在某时刻的值“筛”出来的本领。
这一性质称为δ函数的抽样特性或“筛”选特性。
单位冲激函数)(t δ与单位阶跃函数)(t ε的数学关系：)(o t 10)()(t o t d tεξξδ=⎩⎨⎧+≥-≤=⎰∞- 可见单位阶跃函数)(t ε可以看作单位冲击函数)(t δ的积分。
6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶（6 - phosphogluconate dehydrogenase，6-P
6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶（6 - phosphogluconate dehydrogenase，6-PGDH）说明书分光光度法50管/48样注意：正式测定之前选择2-3个预期差异大的样本做预测定。
测定意义：磷酸戊糖途径途径中6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（G6PDH）和6PGDH依次催化NADPH合成，与能量的平衡、生长速率和细胞活力等密切相关。
此外，6PGDH逆境生理中具有重要作用。
测定原理：6PGDH催化6-磷酸葡萄糖酸和NADP+生成NADPH，NADPH在340 nm有特征吸收峰，而NADP+没有；通过测定340nm吸光度增加速率，计算6PGDH活性。
自备仪器和用品：紫外分光光度计、低温离心机、水浴锅、可调式移液枪、1mL石英比色皿和蒸馏水。
试剂组成和配制：提取液：液体60mL×1瓶，4℃保存。
试剂一：液体47.5mL×1瓶，4℃保存。
试剂二：粉剂×1瓶，-20℃避光保存。
试剂三：粉剂×1瓶，-20℃保存。
粗酶液提取：1、细菌、细胞或组织样品的制备：细菌或培养细胞：先收集细菌或细胞到离心管内，离心后弃上清；按照细菌或细胞数量（104个）：提取液体积（mL）为1000~5000：1的比例（建议2000万细菌或细胞加入1mL提取液），超声波破碎细菌或细胞（冰浴，功率20％或200W，超声3s，间隔10s，重复30次）；8000g 4℃离心10min，取上清，置冰上待测。
组织：按照组织质量（g）：提取液体积(mL)为1：5~10的比例（建议称取约0.1g组织，加入1mL提取液），进行冰浴匀浆。
8000g 4℃离心10min，取上清，置冰上待测。
2、血清（浆）样品：直接检测。
测定操作：1. 分光光度计预热30min，调节波长到340 nm，蒸馏水调零。
2. 将试剂二和试剂三转移至试剂一中充分溶解；在37℃（哺乳动物）或25℃（其它物种）水浴10min以上；用不完的试剂分装后-20℃保存，禁止反复冻融。
oleoweb阀中文说明书
3
9x1
3 10,8x1,78
5 14x1,78
8 18,7x2,6
紧固扭矩
Nm 6 6 10 20
重量
Kg 0,012 0,020 0,036 0,073
选型
VUI
***
BSPP 1/4 140
BSPP 3/8 380 BSPP 1/2 120
Dimensione Size
BSPP 3/4
340
Pressione di apertura 0,5 bar Opening pressure
35
VS1202T B S PP 1 / 2
60
500
10
3 50
11,5
VS1204T B S PP 1 / 2
60
3 50
11,5
重量
C
D
Kg
6
1 4,5
0,15
6
1 4,5
0,15
8
1 8,3
0,20
8
1 8,3
0,20
选型
VS
*** **
BSPP 3/8 380 BSPP 1/2 120
Dimensione Size
VUBA380T15 BSPP 3 / 8
50
315
M 22x1.5 13.5 3
VUBA120T15 BSPP 1 / 2
80
315
M 22x1.5 14
4
E / H O Tubo/Hose
M
11 10 21.6 2 11 12 21.6 2 11 15 21.6 2 13 15 26.8 2
Ch2
2 Tagli 2 Gaps
2T
山东省枣庄市滕州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期6月月考数学试题
山东省枣庄市滕州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期6月月考数学试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________14．如图所示，为测量一水塔AB到达D处测得塔顶的仰角为30°，则水塔的高度为参考答案：1．C【分析】由三点共线判断A；由线面关系有a与a可能相交或平行判断B；由正棱锥的结构特征及正棱台的定义判断C；注意两条相邻侧棱同时垂直于底面上与它们相交的边情况判断D.【详解】A：三点共线时平面不止一个，错误；B：若直线a在平面a外，则a与a可能相交或平行，错误；C：平面截正棱锥所得的棱台，必有上下底面均为正多边形且侧面是全等的等腰梯形，即为正棱台，正确；D：斜棱柱侧棱不垂直于底面，但可能存在两条相邻侧棱同时垂直于底面上与它们相交的边，此时这两条侧棱和上下底面的边所成侧面为矩形，错误.故选：C2．D【分析】写出各选项中两个事件所包含的基本情况，进而判断可得出合适的选项.【详解】对于A选项，“至少有一个黑球”包含：1黑1红、2黑，所以，“至少有一个黑球”与“都是红球”为对立事件，A选项不满足条件；对于B选项，“至少有一个黑球”包含：1黑1红、2黑，所以，“至少有一个黑球”包含“都是黑球”，B选项错误；对于C选项，“至少有一个黑球” 包含：1黑1红、2黑，“至少有一个红球”包含：1黑1红、2红，所以，“至少有一个黑球”与“至少有一个红球”有交事件，C选项不满足条件；对于D选项，“恰有一个黑球”与“恰有两个黑球”互斥且不对立，D选项满足条件.故选：D.3．A【分析】将题目的数据从小到大排列，然后利用百分位数的定义计算.。
工程力学--材料力学(北京科大、东北大学版)第4版习题答案第二到九章
第二章习题2-1 一螺栓连接如图所示，已知P=200 kN， =2 cm，螺栓材料的许用切应力[τ]=80Mpa，试求螺栓的直径。
2-2 销钉式安全离合器如图所示，允许传递的外力偶距 m=10kN·cm，销钉材料的剪切强度极限=360 Mpa，轴的直径D=30mm，为保证m＞30000 N·cm 时销钉被剪切断，求销钉的直径 d。
2-3 冲床的最大冲力为400 kN，冲头材料的许用应力[σ]=440Mpa，被冲剪钢板的剪切强度极限=360 Mpa。
求在最大冲力作用下所能冲剪圆孔的最小直径D和钢板的最大厚度。
2-4 已知图示铆接钢板的厚度=10 mm，铆钉的直径为[τ]=140 Mpa，许用挤压应力[]=320 Mpa，P=24 kN，试做强度校核。
2-5 图示为测定剪切强度极限的试验装置。
若已经低碳钢试件的直径D=1 cm，剪断试件的外力P=50.2Kn，问材料的剪切强度极限为多少？2-6一减速机上齿轮与轴通过平键连接。
已知键受外力P=12 kN，所用平键的尺寸为b=28 mm，h=16 mm，l=60 mm，键的许用应力[τ]=87 Mpa，[]=100 Mpa。
试校核键的强度。
2-7图示连轴器，用四个螺栓连接，螺栓对称的安排在直径D=480 mm的圆周上。
这个连轴结传递的力偶矩m=24 kN·m，求螺栓的直径d需要多大？材料的许用切应力[τ]=80 Mpa。
（提示：由于对称，可假设个螺栓所受的剪力相等）2-8 图示夹剪，销子C的之间直径为0.6 cm，剪直径与销子直径相同的铜丝时，若力P=200 N，a=3 cm，b=15 cm，求铜丝与销子横截面上的平均切应力。
2-9 一冶炼厂使用的高压泵安全阀如图所示，要求当活塞下高压液体的压强达到p=3.4 Mpa时，使安全销沿1-1和2-2两截面剪断，从而使高压液体流出，以保证泵的安全。
已知活塞直径D=5.2cm，安全销采用15号钢，其剪切强度极限=320 Mpa，试确定安全销的直径d。
NPN小信号达林顿晶体管说明书
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2010 September, 2010 − Rev. 61Publication Order Number:BSP52T1/DBSP52T1G, BSP52T3GNPN Small-SignalDarlington TransistorThis NPN small signal Darlington transistor is designed for use in switching applications, such as print hammer, relay, solenoid and lamp drivers. The device is housed in the SOT-223 package, which is designed for medium power surface mount applications.Features•The SOT-223 Package can be soldered using wave or reflow. The formed leads absorb thermal stress during soldering, eliminating the possibility of damage to the die•Available in 12 mm Tape and ReelUse BSP52T1 to Order the 7 Inch/1000 Unit Reel•PNP Complement is BSP62T1•These Devices are Pb−Free, Halogen Free/BFR Free and are RoHS CompliantMAXIMUM RATINGS (T C = 25°C unless otherwise noted)Rating Symbol Max Unit Collector-Emitter Voltage V CES80Vdc Collector-Base Voltage V CBO90Vdc Emitter-Base Voltage V EBO 5.0Vdc Collector Current I C 1.0AdcTotal Power Dissipation (Note 1) @ T A = 25°CDerate above 25°C P D0.86.4WmW/°CTotal Power Dissipation (Note 2) @ T A = 25°CDerate above 25°C P D1.2510WmW/°COperating and StorageTemperature RangeT J, T stg−65 to 150°C THERMAL CHARACTERISTICSCharacteristic Symbol Value Unit Thermal Resistance (Note 1)Junction-to-AmbientR q JA156°C/WThermal Resistance (Note 2) Junction-to-Ambient R qJA100°C/WMaximum Temperature for SolderingPurposesTime in Solder Bath T L26010°CSecStresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability.1.Device mounted on a FR-4 glass epoxy printed circuit board using minimumrecommended footprint.2.Device mounted on a FR-4 glass epoxy printed circuit board using 1 cm2 pad.Device Package Shipping†ORDERING INFORMATIONMARKING DIAGRAMSOT−223CASE 318ESTYLE 11AYWAS3GGA= Assembly LocationY= YearW= Work WeekAS3= Specific Device CodeG= Pb−Free Package(Note: Microdot may be in either location)MEDIUM POWERNPN SILICONSURFACE MOUNT DARLINGTON TRANSISTORBSP52T1G SOT−223(Pb−Free)1000/Tape & Reel†For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our T ape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D.BSP52T3G SOT−223(Pb−Free)4000/Tape & ReelELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (T A = 25°C unless otherwise noted)Characteristics Symbol Min Max Unit OFF CHARACTERISTICSCollector-Base Breakdown Voltage (I C = 100 m Adc, I E = 0)V(BR)CBO90−VdcEmitter-Base Breakdown Voltage (I E = 10 m Adc, I C = 0)V(BR)EBO5.0−VdcCollector-Emitter Cutoff Current (V CE = 80 Vdc, V BE = 0)I CES−10m AdcEmitter-Base Cutoff Current (V EB = 4.0 Vdc, I C = 0)I EBO−10m AdcON CHARACTERISTICS (Note 3)DC Current Gain(I C = 150 mAdc, V CE = 10 Vdc) (I C = 500 mAdc, V CE = 10 Vdc)h FE10002000−−−Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage (I C = 500 mAdc, I B = 0.5 mAdc)V CE(sat)− 1.3VdcBase-Emitter Saturation Voltage (I C = 500 mAdc, I B = 0.5 mAdc)V BE(sat)− 1.9Vdc3.Pulse Test: Pulse Width ≤ 300 m s, Duty Cycle ≤ 2.0%2PACKAGE DIMENSIONSSOT −223 (TO −261)CASE 318E −04ISSUE NSTYLE 1:PIN 1.BASE2.COLLECTOR3.EMITTER4.COLLECTORNOTES: 1.DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M,1994. 2.CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*DIM A MIN NOM MAX MIN MILLIMETERS 1.50 1.63 1.750.060INCHESA10.020.060.100.001b 0.600.750.890.024b1 2.90 3.06 3.200.115c 0.240.290.350.009D 6.30 6.50 6.700.249E 3.30 3.50 3.700.130e 2.20 2.30 2.400.0870.850.94 1.050.0330.0640.0680.0020.0040.0300.0350.1210.1260.0120.0140.2560.2630.1380.1450.0910.0940.0370.041NOM MAX L1 1.50 1.75 2.000.0606.707.007.300.2640.0690.0780.2760.287H E −−e10°10°0°10°q L 0.20−−−−−−0.008−−−−−−*For additional information on our Pb −Free strategy and solderingdetails, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages.“Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur.Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries,affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION。
6r125p场效应管参数
场效应管参数
场效应管（Field-Effect Transistor，简写为 FET）是一种常见的电子元器件，广泛应用于放大、振荡、开关等电路中。
在选择和使用场效应管时，我们需要关注其参数，如：
1. 漏极源极电压（Vds）：指场效应管正常工作时，漏极与源极之间的电压。
这个参
数需要根据电路的需求进行选择，过高的电压可能会导致场效应管损坏。
2. 栅极源极电压（Vgs）：指场效应管正常工作时，栅极与源极之间的电压。
这个参
数对于场效应管的性能影响较大，需要谨慎选择。
3. 漏极电流（Id）：指场效应管正常工作时，漏极的电流大小。
这个参数需要根据电
路的需求进行选择，过大或过小的电流都可能影响电路的性能。
还有其他一些参数，如栅极输入电阻、反馈电容、导通电阻等，也需要根据具体应用
进行选择。
在选择场效应管时，需要根据具体的应用场景和需求，综合考虑各种参数，选择最适合的场效应管。
葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂对小鼠气道Club细胞增殖的影响
葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂对小鼠气道Club 细胞增殖的影响耿蓓1，李宽1，2，吴琦3，4△，李双艳1，陈怀永1，2，4摘要：目的探讨葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD ）抑制剂6-氨基烟酰胺（6-AN ）对小鼠气道Club 细胞增殖的影响。
方法C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组和哮喘组，哮喘组小鼠采用腹腔注射与雾化吸入鸡卵清蛋白（OVA ）的方法建立哮喘模型。
造模成功后取肺组织，进行免疫荧光染色，统计小鼠气道中Ki67+CCSP +细胞占CCSP +细胞的比例。
利用流式细胞术分选出Club 细胞后，用荧光定量PCR 法测定glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase X-linked （G6pdx ）mRNA 的表达情况。
利用类器官培养法培养Club 细胞，设0、10μmol/L 6-AN 组，统计第8天克隆的平均直径和克隆形成数量。
结果与对照组相比，哮喘组气道Ki67+CCSP +细胞占CCSP +细胞百分比显著升高（P ＜0.01）。
哮喘组Club 细胞G6pdx mRNA 表达较对照组显著上调（P ＜0.01）。
10μmol/L 6-AN 组Club 细胞的克隆平均直径和克隆形成数量较0μmol/L 6-AN 组均显著降低（P ＜0.01）。
结论G6PD 抑制剂6-AN 可抑制小鼠气道Club 细胞增殖功能。
关键词：哮喘；磷酸戊糖途径；6-氨基烟酰胺；细胞增殖；Club 细胞中图分类号：R329.2+8，R562.25文献标志码：ADOI ：10.11958/20203446The effect of G6PD inhibitor on the proliferation of mouse airway Club cellsGENG Bei 1,LI Kuan 1,2,WU Qi 3,4△,LI Shuang-yan 1,CHEN Huai-yong 1,2,41Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300350,China;2Haihe Hospital Affiliated to TianjinUniversity;3Department of Respiratory Medicine,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital;4Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases△Corresponding Author E-mail:****************Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of 6-AN,an inhibitor of G6PD,on the proliferation of mouse airway Clubcells.MethodsThe C57BL/6mice were randomly divided into control group and asthma group.The asthma group wereinduced to develop asthma by intraperitoneal injection and then nebulized aspiration of OVA.Samples of lung tissues wereharvested for immunostaining after successful modeling.The fraction of Ki67+CCSP +cells in total CCSP +cells of lung tissues were quantified.Mouse airway Club cells were isolated from lungs by fluorescent activated cell sorting.Real-time PCR was conducted to analyze mRNA expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase X-linked (G6pdx)in mouse airway Club anoid culture model was used to culture Club cells with 6-AN (0,10μmol/L).Organoid cultures were imaged with inverted microscopy at day 8after seeding.The number of colonies and colony size were analyzed.ResultsCompared tothe control mice,the fraction of Ki67+CCSP +over CCSP +cells was higher in the asthma group (P ＜0.01).The G6pdx mRNA expression was elevated in Club cells isolated from asthma group relative to the control group (P ＜0.01).The number of colonies and average colony size were significantly decreased in 10μmol/L 6-AN treatment groups compared with those of 0μmol/L group (P ＜0.01).Conclusion The 6-AN,an inhibitor of G6PD can inhibit the proliferation of mouse airwayClub cells.Key words:asthma;pentose phosphate pathway;6-aminonicotinamide;cell proliferation;Club cells基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（81970001，82070001）作者单位：1天津医科大学海河临床学院（邮编300350）；2天津大学海河医院；3天津医科大学总医院呼吸科；4天津市呼吸疾病研究所作者简介：耿蓓（1994），女，硕士在读，主要从事呼吸病学研究。
Schneider Electric ATV12H037M2 变速驱动器说明书
T h e i n f o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d i n t h i s d o c u m e n t a t i o n c o n t a i n s g e n e r a l d e s c r i p t i o n s a n d /o r t e c h n i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e p r o d u c t s c o n t a i n e d h e r e i n .T h i s d o c u m e n t a t i o n i s n o t i n t e n d e d a s a s u b s t i t u t e f o r a n d i s n o t t o b e u s e d f o r d e t e r m i n i n g s u i t a b i l i t y o r r e l i a b i l i t y o f t h e s e p r o d u c t s f o r s p e c i f i c u s e r a p p l i c a t i o n s .I t i s t h e d u t y o f a n y s u c h u s e r o r i n t e g r a t o r t o p e r f o r m t h e a p p r o p r i a t e a n d c o m p l e t e r i s k a n a l y s i s , e v a l u a t i o n a n d t e s t i n g o f t h e p r o d u c t s w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e r e l e v a n t s p e c i f i c a p p l i c a t i o n o r u s e t h e r e o f .N e i t h e r S c h n e i d e r E l e c t r i c I n d u s t r i e s S A S n o r a n y o f i t s a f f i l i a t e s o r s u b s i d i a r i e s s h a l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e o r l i a b l e f o r m i s u s e o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n c o n t a i n e d h e r e i n .Product data sheetCharacteristicsATV12H037M2variable speed drive ATV12 - 0.37kW - 0.55hp- 200..240V - 1ph - with heat sinkMainRange of product Altivar 12Product or component typeVariable speed drive Product destination Asynchronous motors Product specific appli-cation Simple machine Assembly style With heat sink Component name ATV12Quantity per set Set of 1EMC filter Integrated Built-in fan Without Network number of phasesSingle phase[Us] rated supply volt-age200...240 V (- 15...10 %)Motor power kW 0.37 kW Motor power hp 0.55 hp Communication port protocol Modbus Line current 4.9 A at 240 V 5.9 A at 200 V Speed range 1 (20)Transient overtorque 150...170 % of nominal motor torque depending on drive rating and type of motor Asynchronous motor control profileQuadratic voltage/frequency ratio Sensorless flux vector control Voltage/Frequency ratio (V/f)IP degree of protection IP20 without blanking plate on upper part Noise level0 dBComplementarySupply frequency 50/60 Hz (+/- 5 %)Type of connector 1 RJ45 for Modbus on front face Physical interface 2-wire RS 485 for Modbus Transmission frame RTU for Modbus Transmission rate38400 bit/s 19200 bit/s 9600 bit/s 4800 bit/s Number of addresses 1...247 for ModbusCommunication serviceRead device identification (43)Read/Write multiple registers (23), messaging: 4/4 words maximum Write multiple registers (16), messaging: 27 words maximum Write single register (06), messaging: 29 words maximum Read holding registers (03), messaging: 29 words maximum Prospective line Isc <= 1 kA Continuous output current 2.4 A at 4 kHz Maximum transient current 3.6 A for 60 s Speed drive output frequency 0.5...400 Hz Nominal switching frequency4 kHzSwitching frequency 4...16 kHz with derating factor2...16 kHz adjustableBraking torque Upto 70 % of nominal motor torque without braking resistorUpto 150 % of nominal motor torque with braking resistor at high inertiaMotor slip compensation AdjustablePreset in factoryElectrical connection L1, L2, L3, U, V, W, PA, PC terminal 3.5 mm² (AWG 12)Tightening torque0.8 N.mInsulation Electrical between power and controlSupply Internal supply for logic inputs 24 V DC, voltage limits 20.4...28.8 V 100 mA foroverload and short-circuit protectionInternal supply for reference potentiometer 5 V DC, voltage limits 4.75...5.25 V 10mA for overload and short-circuit protectionAnalogue input number1Analogue input type AI1 configurable voltage 0...5 V, impedance 30 kOhmAI1 configurable voltage 0...10 V, impedance 30 kOhmAI1 configurable current 0...20 mA, impedance 250 OhmDiscrete input number4Discrete input type(LI1...LI4) programmable, 24 V, voltage limits 18...30 VDiscrete input logic Positive logic (source), 0...< 5 V (state 0), > 11 V (state 1)Negative logic (sink), > 16 V (state 0), < 10 V (state 1), input impedance 3.5kOhmSampling duration< 20 ms, tolerance +/- 1 ms for logic input< 10 ms for analogue inputLinearity error+/- 0.3 % of maximum value for analogue inputAnalogue output number1Analogue output type(AO1) software-configurable current, analogue output range 0...20 mA, outputimpedance 800 Ohm, analogue output resolution 8 bits(AO1) software-configurable voltage, analogue output range 0...10 V, outputimpedance 470 Ohm, analogue output resolution 8 bitsDiscrete output number2Discrete output type(R1A, R1B, R1C) protected relay output 1 C/O(LO+, LO-) logic outputMinimum switching current 5 mA at 24 V DC for logic relayMaximum switching current 4 A at 30 V DC resistive load cos phi = 1 L/R = 0 ms for logic relay3 A at 250 V AC resistive load cos phi = 1 L/R = 0 ms for logic relay2 A at 30 V DC inductive load cos phi = 0.4 L/R = 7 ms for logic relay2 A at 250 V AC inductive load cos phi = 0.4 L/R = 7 ms for logic relay Acceleration and deceleration ramps Linear from 0 to 999.9 sSUBraking to standstill By DC injection, 0.1...30 sProtection type Thermal motor protection via the drive by continuous calculation of I²tAgainst input phase loss in three-phaseShort-circuit between motor phasesOverheating protectionOvercurrent between output phases and earthLine supply undervoltageLine supply overvoltageFrequency resolution Display unit 0.1 HzAnalog input converter A/D, 10 bitsTime constant20 ms, tolerance +/- 1 ms for reference changeMarking CEOperating position Vertical +/- 10 degreeHeight143 mmWidth72 mmDepth121.2 mmProduct weight0.7 kgEnvironmentElectromagnetic compatibility Surge immunity test (level 3) conforming to EN/IEC 61000-4-5Voltage dips and interruptions immunity test conforming to EN/IEC 61000-4-11Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test (level 3) conformingto EN/IEC 61000-4-3Immunity to conducted disturbances (level 3) conforming to EN/IEC 61000-4-6Electrostatic discharge immunity test (level 3) conforming to EN/IEC 61000-4-2Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test (level 4) conforming to EN/IEC61000-4-4Electromagnetic emission Conducted emissions with additional EMC filter, class: environment 2 categoryC3 conforming to EN/IEC 61800-3 - test level: 4...12 kHz, <= 50 m shielded motorcableConducted emissions with additional EMC filter, class: environment 1 categoryC2 conforming to EN/IEC 61800-3 - test level: 4...12 kHz, <= 50 m shielded motorcableConducted emissions with additional EMC filter, class: environment 1 categoryC1 conforming to EN/IEC 61800-3 - test level: 4...12 kHz, <= 20 m shielded motorcableConducted emissions with integrated EMC filter, class: environment 1 categoryC2 conforming to EN/IEC 61800-3 - test level: 2, 4 and 16 kHz, <= 10 m shieldedmotor cableConducted emissions with integrated EMC filter, class: environment 1 categoryC2 conforming to EN/IEC 61800-3 - test level: 2...12 kHz, <= 5 m shielded motorcableConducted emissions with integrated EMC filter, class: environment 1 catego-ry C1 conforming to EN/IEC 61800-3 - test level: 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 kHz, <= 5 mshielded motor cableRadiated emissions, class: environment 1 category C2 conforming to EN/IEC61800-3 - test level: 2...16 kHz shielded motor cableProduct certifications CSAC-TickGOSTNOMULVibration resistance 1.5 mm peak to peak (f = 3...13 Hz) drive unmounted on symmetrical DIN railconforming to EN/IEC 60068-2-61 gn (f = 13...200 Hz) conforming to EN/IEC 60068-2-6Shock resistance15 gn for 11 ms conforming to EN/IEC 60068-2-27Relative humidity 5...95 % without dripping water conforming to IEC 60068-2-35...95 % without condensation conforming to IEC 60068-2-3Ambient air temperature for storage-25...70 °CAmbient air temperature for operation40...60 °C with current derating 2.2 % per °C-10...40 °C with protective cover from the top of the drive removedOperating altitude<= 1000 m without derating> 1000...2000 m with current derating 1 % per 100 mOffer SustainabilitySustainable offer status Green Premium productRoHS Compliant - since 0901 -Schneider Electric declaration of conformity REACh Reference contains SVHC above the threshold -go to CaP for more details Product environmental profile Available Download Product EnvironmentalProduct end of life instructions Need no specific recycling operationsContractual warrantyPeriod18 monthsDimensions DrawingsDimensionsDrive without EMC Conformity KitDimensions in mmDimensions in in.Drive with EMC Conformity KitDimensions in mmMounting and ClearanceMounting RecommendationsClearance for Vertical MountingMounting Type AMounting Type BRemove the protective cover from the top of the drive. Mounting Type CRemove the protective cover from the top of the drive.Connections and SchemaSingle-Phase Power Supply Wiring DiagramA1DriveKM1Contactor (only if a control circuit is needed)P1 2.2 kΩ reference potentiometer. This can be replaced by a 10 kΩ potentiometer (maximum). Q1Circuit breaker(1)Negative logic (Sink)(2)Positive logic (Source) (factory set configuration)(3)0...10 V or 0...20 mARecommended Schemes2-Wire Control for Logic I/O with Internal Power SupplyLI1 :ForwardLI• :ReverseA1 :Drive3-Wire Control for Logic I/O with Internal Power SupplyLI1 :StopLI2 :ForwardLI• :ReverseA1 :DriveAnalog Input Configured for Voltage with Internal Power Supply(1) 2.2 kΩ…10 kΩ reference potentiometerA1 :DriveAnalog Input Configured for Current with Internal Power Supply(2)0-20 mA 4-20 mA supplyA1 :DriveConnected as Positive Logic (Source) with External 24 vdc Supply(1)24 vdc supplyA1 :DriveConnected as Negative Logic (Sink) with External 24 vdc supply(1)24 vdc supplyA1 :DriveProduct data sheetATV12H037M2Performance CurvesTorque Curves1 :Self-cooled motor: continuous useful torque (1)2 :Force-cooled motor: continuous useful torque3 :Transient overtorque for 60 s4 :Transient overtorque for 2 s5 :Torque in overspeed at constant power (2)(1)For power ratings ≤ 250 W, derating is 20% instead of 50% at very low frequencies.(2)The nominal motor frequency and the maximum output frequency can be adjusted from 0.5 to 400 Hz. The mechanical overspeedcapability of the selected motor must be checked with the manufacturer.。
P05-6-业务运行连续性和应急计划评估表
是否按照各类BCP中设定的责任, 定期培训员工技能？
能否确保参与人员都已能够承担业务连续计划执行任务？
提供连续性计划的场地是否能够满足业务连续性计划的实施要求？
公司内部机房备份
同城异地备份
不同城远距异地备份
不同的场地建设要求是否都达到？
不同的场地建设要求是否都达到？
与流行病相关的BCP中是否包括持续性计划和别的与流行病相关的BCP是否包含如下内容, 可以按照机构的规模, 活动以及复杂性进行适当裁减:
一个文档化的战略, 用于调整机构的在流行病方面的努力, 以便其与流行病爆发特殊阶段影响相一致。如: 海外第一例, 国内第一例, 机构第一例等
一个预防性预案, 用于减少机构业务被流行病事件影响可能性, 包括针对潜在爆发的监控, 员工教育训练, 与关键服务提供商及供应商的沟通与协调, 对员工进行卫生知识培训并提供相关工具
是否根据确定的风险处置策略, 针对各项风险或每一项重大风险制定业务持续性解决方案或计划, 明确业务持续性需求（人员、场所、技术、信息、供应商、利益相关方）？
是否明确业务持续性管理的技术措施？ 包括:
备用站点；
备用线路；
备用系统；
备用电源；
备用人员；
本地或远程存储备份设施；
其它技术措施等, 如：防火墙；路由器等。
2）关于备用处理设施及备份系统:
如果组织依靠自身力量来恢复业务, 相关备用站点、设施、设备及系统是否有能力处理相关业务？
如果组织依靠外部站点、设施来恢复业务, 确定：
是否存在与备用站点、设施有关的书面协议或合约；
是否有能力处理对应的业务量（说明并发能力）；
是否能为预期的工作量提供足够的处理时间（说明持续时间）；
ITU-R P.835-6建议书 (12 2017) 参考标准大气说明书
ITU-R P.835-6 建议书(12/2017)参考标准大气P 系列无线电波传播ii ITU-R P.835-6 建议书前言无线电通信部门的职责是确保卫星业务等所有无线电通信业务合理、平等、有效、经济地使用无线电频谱，不受频率范围限制地开展研究并在此基础上通过建议书。
无线电通信部门的规则和政策职能由世界或区域无线电通信大会以及无线电通信全会在研究组的支持下履行。
知识产权政策（IPR）ITU-R的IPR政策述于ITU-R第1号决议的附件1中所参引的《ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC的通用专利政策》。
专利持有人用于提交专利声明和许可声明的表格可从http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en获得，在此处也可获取《ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC的通用专利政策实施指南》和ITU-R专利信息数据库。
电子出版2018年，日内瓦©国际电联 2018版权所有。
未经国际电联书面许可，不得以任何手段复制本出版物的任何部分。
ITU-R P.835-6 建议书1ITU-R P.835-6 建议书*参考标准大气（ITU-R第201/3号研究课题）（1992-1994-1997-1999-2005-2012-2017年）范围ITU-R P.835建议书提供计算地对空路径上气体衰减所需的参考标准大气的表达式和数据。
国际电联无线电通信全会，考虑到a) 在计算地—空路径上的气体衰减过程中，必须要使用参考标准大气，建议1应该用附件1中的标准大气来确定温度、压力和水蒸气压力与高度的关系，用于无法获得更可靠的本地数据时计算气体衰减；2当要知道关心的地点的季度和月度的变化时，应该使用附件2和附件3中的实验数据。
附件 11 全球年平均参考大气下面的全球年平均参考大气反映了全球年平均温度和压力相对于高度的分布情况。
1.1 温度和压力全球年平均参考大气与1976年美国标准大气近似，相对误差不大。
磷酸戊糖途径(PPP,HMS)
Utilization of Glucose-6-P Depends on the Cell’s Need for ATP, NADPH, and Ribose-5-P
➢ BOTH RIBOSE-5-P AND NADPH ARE NEEDED BY THE CELL
7.2 磷酸戊糖途径 (PPP，HMS)
磷酸戊糖途径(PPP，HMS)
Major pathways of glucose utilization.
磷酸戊糖途径(PPP，HMS)
一、磷酸戊糖途径的生化历程
第一阶段（氧化阶段） ：6分子的6－磷酸葡萄 糖经脱氢、水合、氧化脱羧生成6分 子5－磷酸核酮糖、6NADPH和6CO2
HMS示意图：
5C6回到下 一循环
2CO2
2C6
2C5
2C3
2CO2
2C6
2C5
2C7
2CO2
2C6
磷酸戊糖途径(PPP，HMS)
2C6 2C4 2C5
2C6 2C3
磷酸戊糖途径(PPP，HMS)
磷酸戊糖途径(PPP，HMS)
磷酸戊糖途径(PPP，HMS)
糖类分解代谢
1、名词解释： 糖酵解、磷酸戊糖途径、柠檬酸循环
异 构酶
5-磷酸核糖
7-磷酸景天庚酮糖 4-磷酸赤藓糖
转酮醇酶 3-磷酸甘
非氧化阶段
油醛
转醛醇酶
3-磷酸甘油醛
转酮醇酶 磷酸戊糖途径(PPP，HM6S)-磷酸果糖 6-磷酸果糖
直接氧化脱羧阶段 脱氢反应
6-磷酸葡萄糖
6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G6PD) （限速酶，对NADP+有高度特异性）
6-磷酸葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯
磷酸化S6核糖体蛋白：一种潜在的靶向mTOR治疗的预测肉瘤标志物
磷酸化S6核糖体蛋白：一种潜在的靶向mTOR治疗的预测肉瘤标志物Phospho-S6 ribosomal protein: a potential new predictive sarcoma marker for targeted mTOR therapy.转移性肉瘤通常对化疗耐药。
丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶是哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点(MTOR)，是磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/AKT信号通路中的一种蛋白激酶，被认为在控制肿瘤生长中起关键作用，因此是癌症治疗的重要靶点。
几种mTOR抑制剂正在进行临床试验，包括AP23573，它正在转移性肉瘤和其他肿瘤上进行测试。
我们提出mTOR活性的一个标志物，磷酸化的S6核糖体蛋白，可以预测药物的临床反应，也就是说，肿瘤高表达比低表达意味着更好的反应。
这是一项盲目研究。
在26名接受治疗的患者中，有20名仍在研究中，并有可用的石蜡切片。
14例患者单独接受AP23573治疗，6例患者接受AP23573联合阿霉素治疗。
用磷酸化的S6核糖体蛋白抗体对肿瘤进行染色，均为高级别肉瘤。
检测预处理活检或切除材料：原发肿瘤(n=6)或肿瘤复发/转移(n=14)，两者均可能是经其他药物治疗后的。
对肿瘤细胞的数量/百分比和染色强度进行评分。
评分是在不知道肿瘤反应的情况下进行的。
染色数量可分为两类：高表达者(>或=20%的肿瘤细胞，11例)和低表达者(0~10%的肿瘤细胞，9例)。
（p-S6）高表达组有8例稳定和3例进展(73%的稳定期疾病)；低表达组有3例稳定和6例进展(67%的进展性疾病)。
卡方分析显示，在初始截断点(10%)盲选时，有统计学意义(P<或=0.05)。
磷酸化的S6核糖体蛋白表达水平可以预测肿瘤对mTOR抑制剂的早期反应，提示这是靶向治疗mTOR抑制剂的一个有前途的新的预测肉瘤标志物。
#p-S6高，说明mTOR活性受到抑制至少在肿瘤里是这样的。
原文摘要：Metastatic sarcomas are commonly resistant to chemotherapy. The serine/threonine kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is a protein kinase of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway thought to have a key role in controlling cancer growth and thus is an important target for cancer therapy.Several inhibitors of mTOR are in clinical trials, includingAP23573, which is being tested on metastatic sarcomas and other tumors.We hypothesized that a marker for the activity of mTOR, phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein, would be predictive of clinical response to the drug, that is, high tumor expression would signify better response than low expression.This was a blinded study.Of 26 patients treated, 20 remained on study, with available paraffin blocks.Fourteen patients received AP23573 alone and six patients received AP23573 in combination with adriamycin. An antibody to the phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein was used to stain the tumors, all high-grade sarcomas.Pretreatment biopsy or resection material was tested: the original tumor (n=6) or tumor recurrence/metastasis (n=14); either of these may have been after treatment with other agents. Staining was scored for both quantity/percentage of tumor cells and intensity. Scoring was performed without knowledge of tumor response.Staining quantity could be categorized into two natural groups: high expressors (> or =20% of tumor cells, 11 cases) and low expressors (0-10% of tumor cells, 9 cases).The high-expression group had eight stable and three progressive cases (73% stable disease);the low-expression group had three stable and six progressive cases (67% progressive disease).Chi-square analysis showed statistical significance (P< or =0.05) at this initial cutoff (10%) selected blindly.The level of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein expression was predictive of early tumor response to the mTOR inhibitor,suggesting that this is a promising new predictive sarcoma marker for targeted mTOR inhibitor therapy.Iwenofu O Hans,Lackman Richard D,Staddon Arthur P et al. Phospho-S6 ribosomal protein: a potential new predictive sarcoma marker for targeted mTOR therapy.[J] .Mod Pathol, 2008, 21: 231-7.-------------------------------------------------------------------------。
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6月中国制造业采购经理指数为50.2%低于预期
国家统计局服务业调查中心和中国物流与采购联合会7月1日公布数据显示，6月份，中国制造业采购经理指数(PMI)为50.2%，低于预期的50.4%，与上月持平，高于临界点，制造业持续小幅扩张。
分企业规模看，大型企业PMI为50.8%，比上月微升0.1个百分点，继续高于临界点，是制造业PMI走稳的有力支撑；中型企业PMI为50.2%，比上月回落0.2个百分点，仍高于临界点；小型企业PMI为47.5%，比上月下降0.4个百分点，收缩幅度连续2个月加大。
从分类指数看，在构成制造业PMI的5个分类指数中，生产指数、新订单指数和供应商配送时间指数继续高于临界点，从业人员指数和原材料库存指数低于临界点。
生产指数为52.9%，与上月持平，高于临界点，表明制造业生产增长保持平稳。
新订单指数为50.1%，比上月回落0.5个百分点，仍位于临界点上方，表明制造业市场需求增速放缓。
从业人员指数为48.1%，比上月略降0.1个百分点，低于临界点，表明制造业企业用工量持续减少。
原材料库存指数为48.7%，比上月回升0.5个百分点，但仍位于临界点下方，表明制造业生产用原材料库存量继续减少，降幅有所收窄。
供应商配送时间指数为50.3%，比上月回落0.6个百分点，高于临界点，表明制造业原材料供应商交货时间有所加快。