英汉互译Unit 2 Diction
Chapter Two：Diction (用词)
3. Exercise about Diction
10. All his friends are quite jealous of his opportunity to study abroad. envious 羡慕 说明： 说明：jealous 嫉妒 句型： be envious of 句型：be jealous of All his friends are quite envious of his opportunity to study abroad. 他所有的朋友
He is a stubborn person. Everyone makes friends with him. 应将 stubborn 改为 resolute： ： He is a resolute person. Everyone likes to make friends with him.
年轻人的着装要比他们父母的着装时髦的多。 年轻人的着装要比他们父母的着装时髦的多。
3. Exercise about Diction
7. I am very pleasant to know that my paper has been accepted by the conference. It is a pleasant situation. Pleasant 做定语: pleasant things / games 做定语: be pleased to do sth. I am very pleased to know that my paper has been accepted by the conference.
得知我的提案被大会采纳，我非常高兴。 得知我的提案被大会采纳，我非常高兴。
八年级下Unit2单词汉译英答案版
1.v.打扫；adj.干净的clean2.打扫干净clean up3.v./n.欢呼，喝彩cheer4.振奋起来，使变得高兴cheer up5.分发，散发give out6.分发hand out7.v.义务做，自愿做n.志愿者volunteer8.想出，提出come up with=think up9.推迟put off10.搭建帐篷put up a tent11.n.标志，信号;v.签名sign12.n.通知，通告，注意notice13.v.注意到，意识到notice=realize14.打电话给某人，征召call up15.过去常常做某事ed to do sth./used to be+adj.16.习惯于做某事be/get/become used to doing sth.17.孤独，一个人alone18.孤独的，寂寞的lonely19.感到孤独feel lonely20.照顾，照料take care of=look after=care for21.关心，在乎care for22.几个，一些，数个several23.强烈的，强壮的,浓烈的strong24.动词，感觉feel25.动词，感觉过去式felt26.名词，感觉，感触feeling 27.v. satisfy 使得满足28.a dj. satisfied 满足的29.n.满足，满意satisfaction30.高兴，愉快n.joy31.j oyful adj.欢喜的，令人高兴的32.a dj. 自己的；v.拥有own33.物主，主人owner34.尝试try35.参加...选拔；试用try out36.n.旅行，行程journey37.募集，征集raise38.午夜，子夜,半夜midnight39.修理，修补repair40.单词，修理，安装fix41.词组，修理，安装fix up42.赠送，捐赠give away43.像take after44.打破break45.破损的，残缺的broken46.车轮，轮子wheel47.信函,字母letter48.女士，小姐Miss49.n.一套，v.树立set50.一串钥匙a set of keys51.T V set 电视机52.s unset 日落53.建立，设立set up54.能，会can55.有残疾的，丧失能力的disabled56.a dj.不同的different57.n.不同，差异difference58.影响，有作用make a difference59.对...产生很大的影响make a big difference to...60.瞎的，失明的blind61.聋的deaf62.想象，设想imagine63.a dj.困难的difficult64.n.困难，难题difficulty65.v.打开adj.开着的open66.门door67.拿，提，扛carry68.拿，提，扛的过去式carried69.动词，训练，培训；名词，火车train70.名词训练，培训training71.激动的，兴奋的excited72.令人激动的exciting73.种类kind74.a dj.和蔼的，友善的kind75.n.仁慈，善良kindness76.聪明的，聪颖的clever77.理解，领会understand78.理解，懂得过去式understood79.a dj.善解人意的，体谅人的understanding80.n/v变化，改变change81.n.兴趣，关注interest82.v.使得感兴趣，使关注interest 83.a dj.感兴趣的interested84.词组，对...感兴趣be interested in85.有趣的interesting86.先生sir87.女士madam。
北京交通大学英汉翻译基础第二单元遣词法U2_Diction培训讲学
呢帽
soft answer
委婉的回答
soft heart
易感动的心
soft fire
文火
soft words
和蔼的话
soft drink
不含酒精的饮料
soft light
柔和的灯光
soft goods
毛织品
soft cushion
靠垫
soft breeze
Ⅱ. Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of an English Word
4、Judging from Different Branches of Learning and Specialties
“base”: “词根” in lexicology; “本金” in business; “底涂” in painting; “基线” in survey; “根据地” in military science
timepractice老战士老领导老师傅老黄牛比喻勤勤恳恳做事而不计名利的人老芹菜老皇历老生常谈老捣乱seniorleadermastercraftsmanwillingoxdiligentconscientiouspersonovergrowncelerylastyearcalendarcommonplacealwaysmaketrouble申请书报告书协议书成绩通知书使用说明书成交确认书电视机使用说明书白皮书家书letterapplicationreportagreementgradereportdirectionssalesconfirmationtelevisionoperationguidewhitebookletterfromhomesecretcodemouthwaterplayingcardsbigmovieearlyloveyouthspotconvenientnoodlesinvisibleglassescirculatingfundsbuyonepresentonesalivas??la?v?playingcardspuppyloveinstantnoodlescontactlensesworkingcapitalbuyonegetonefreesecretcodemouthwaterplayingcardsbigmovieearlyloveyouthspotconvenientnoodlesinvisibleglassescirculatingfundsbuyonepresentonesalivas??la?v?playingcardspuppyloveinstantnoodlescontactlensesworkingcapitalbuyonegetonefreesourmilk酸牛奶greenbean四季豆eatoneswords承认自己说错话greenbonnet生意失败破产yellowbookmungbeanbreakonespromiseworddirtyadultbooksourmilk酸牛奶greenbean四季eatoneswords承认自己说错话greenbonnet生意失败破yellowbookmungbeanbreakonespromiseworddirtyadultbook炉子着得很旺
英汉互译简明教程TranslationTechniques-2023年学习资料
Choice of Word Meaning-In the practice of translation what perplexes us most-frequently is how to find an e uivalent in the language to-be translated into.Great are is called for in the-translation of "familiar"Eng ish into Chinese,as their-meaning vary with the chang in collocation or context.-By diction,generally spea ing,the following are some-commonly-used ways availab e to find an equivalent in-the TL.
Word Meanings-Conceptual Meaning:is the basic meaning and-the main information carried by linguistic signs. e.g.No smoking禁止吸烟-Stylistic Meaning:is communicated f the social-circumstance of language use.
Linguistic Meaning:is built on the relationships of-t e signs with each other in the same system.-e.g.-千山鸟飞 ，From hill to hill no bird in fight.-万径人踪灭。From path o path no man in sight..-■-Pragmatic Meaning:is the s udy of the "relation of-signs to interpreters".-大家见面， 呼声“吃了吗？”透着和气。-They greet with each other with a "Hi"j st to show their-good neighbourly feelings.-年夜饭-famil reunion meal on the eve of the Spring Festival
英汉互译2-diction
Unit 2 Diction (遣词用字)Some background information about this unit:a)No context, no text.b)What is context?Context, as the term suggests, refers to all the different situations involved in language communication.语境，就是产生语言活动的环境，包括时间、空间、语言交际参与者及语言活动的目的等，反映在文字材料中也称上下文。
语境是一切语言活动存在的前提。
Firth: each word when used in a new context is a new word.Some examples:▪I’ll finish the book next week.▪“我”是谁？finish的具体措辞究竟是：看完、写完、审完？▪Tension is building up.形式紧张起来。
/ 张力在增大。
/ 电压在增加。
/ 压力在增强。
/ 血压在增高。
/ 气压在加强。
/ 情绪越来越紧张。
/ 紧张局势在加剧。
Without context, both “tension” and “build up” may have various explanations.▪I’m through.通话完毕，结束了。
(AmE)电话接通了。
(BrE)1. Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level1.1 Word-for-word equivalenceThis is most shown in proper nouns and technical terms.▪Marxism 马克思主义▪Aspirin 阿司匹林▪Laser 激光▪Leukemia 白血病1.2 One word with multiple equivalents of the sameThis is a common case in translation.▪Wife: 妻子、老婆、夫人、老伴、媳妇、爱人、内人……▪Potato: 马铃薯、土豆、洋芋、山药蛋……▪人：human being, man, people, person…▪犬：dog, hound, spaniel, mastiff, pointer, setter, retriever, terrier…1.3 One word with several equivalents of different meaningsThis is also very common in translation.▪cousin: 堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹……▪president: 总统、主席、总裁、董事长、议长、会长、社长、校长……▪carry: 搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、抱、搂、举、端、夹、捧……▪走：walk, saunter, amble, stride, trudge, shamble, prance, scamper, clump, tiptoe.▪羊：sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb1.4 Equivalents interwoven with one another1.5 Words without corresponding equivalentsIn this case, an explanation is given instead of an equivalent.▪teenager: 13到19岁的青少年▪cyber slacker: 利用工作时间在公司上网、做与工作无关的事情的雇员▪阴：yin (in Chinese thought) the soft inactive female principle or force in the world▪阳：yang (in Chinese thought) the strong active male principle or force in the world2. Methods of discriminating the original meaning of a given word2.1 According to word formation▪parabiospheric: 外生物层的para- (outside), bio- (biologic), spheric (having the form of a phere)▪pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis 肺尘病，硅酸盐沉着病pneumono (of lung) ultra (beyond) micro (very small)scopic (of viewing or observing) silico (of silicon) volcano (of volcano)coni (koni, of dust) osis (forming the name of a disease)2.2 According to the referenceIn many cases the meaning of a pronominal word may be judged from the references.▪He [father] sent John to the university and was eager to have him distinguish himself.他送约翰上大学，巴望儿子能出类拔萃。
新编英语教程第二册UNIT 2 dictation and translation答案
Note WritingReference version:6 June, 20__ Dear Mary and John,We have just moved to a suburban district in southwestern Shanghai. Now that everything is more or less orderly again, we are going to have a house-warming party this coming Saturday afternoon, 11 June.We want you to see for yourselves that living in the country is not so terrible after all, what with the fresh air, clear sky and, above all, the subway that can take us to the city proper almost in no time.We will have a good time on Saturday, we are sure. Many old friends are coming, too. Give us a ring to say that you are coming.Yours,Jill and JackDictation A:The motion picture is a highly complex art form which combines many other arts. The filmmaker is a writer using language, a music ian using music. He is a painter concerned with composition, light, and color. He is a sculptor moulding forms in space, a choreographer shaping human movement. With the camera as the major tool, the filmmaker recreates the external world. Using the came ra and putting pieces of film together or separating them in the editing process, the filmmaker powerfully controls time and space. A gunfight can become a ballet in slow motion. The act of climbing a short flight of stairs can be extended to seem like a n endless journey, and an airplane can be made to cross continents in seconds. In the theatrical film, the filmmaker uses these and many other artistic techniques to tell a story.Not all films are made to tell stories or to be shown in theatres. Filmmake rs can also use their craft for other purposes than to create a work of art and entertainment.B:An opera is a play with music. The actors sing some of the words instead of speaking them. In grand opera, they sing all the words. The music and singing portay the moods of the story and the feelings of the characters in it.To appreciate an opera, you should go and see one. Listening to opera on the radio or on records does not give much idea of what it is really like. Going to an opera can be very exciting. There is usually a large orchestra, and a chorus of singers as well as the leading singer. The scenery is colourful and the stage lighting often very dramatic. Although parts of an opera are treated in such detail that the action is rather slow, the beauty of the songs compensates for the breaks in the action.However, it is not always easy to appreciate opera. Sometimes the words are in aforeign language, often Italian. Even if the opera is sung in English, it is sometimes difficult to make out the words. It helps if you get to know the story first. The programme always contains an outline of the story, so make sure you buy one at the oopera house or theatre and read it before the curtain goes up.TranslationA.1.Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night?2.Whatever was said here just now must be kept secret.3.If the trip costs no more than 100 yuan, you can count me in.4.Every night before going to bed, Mr. Smith goes round the house to make sure that all the doors and windows are locked and that all the lights are off.5.He did tell you the truth, but you simply did not believe him.6.My delay in answering his letter worried him so much that he made a non-stop flight to come to see me.7.When I told him that his father had been sent to hospital because of a heart attack, he looked as if he didn’t care.8.The bus suddenly stopped; a heavy bag fell from the rack above him and landed on his head.B.Where did the movies begin? It is often said that they are an American invention; but this is not entirely true. The motion picture has been the most international of the arts. At the end of the nineteenth century, inventors in France, England, and the United States were among the dozens of men who were trying to develop ways of using photographs to create the effect of motion.Soon after 1889, when the famous American inventor Thomas Edison first showed motion pictures through a device called the kinetoscope, other devices for the same purposes appeared all over the world. Edison had solved certain problems, making it possible for other inventors to develop their own devices. One other important contribution by Edison was the introduction of 35mm. as the international standard film width. When it became possible to use an y 35mm machine for showing movies from any part of the world, the international trading of films began to take place.。
Unit Two Diction
Part 2 Levels of Words
The words that we come across can be divided into 3 types, according to a stylistic point of view:
formal, common, and colloquial.
I feel that paying attention to words used around you is the best way to increase your working vocabulary. If you are really into improving the number of words you know, you can use such vocabulary-improvement lessons as are in the Reader's Digest.
3.1 Don't need long words Television commentator William S. Buckley has a tremendous vocabulary and would often overpower his debate opponents through the use of long words, whose definitions only highly literate people would know. He wouldn't win on logic of argument but on frustrating his opponents.
3.4 Summary
A good vocabulary does not mean you know many long or difficult words. Instead, it means that you know how to express yourself so that the reader will understand your material. Sometimes is it necessary to use industry-specific jargon, but you still must make sure everyone understands what you are writing. It is worthwhile to constantly work at improving your knowledge of words.
Unit 2 翻译中词义的选择
2）注意汉英词汇意义的不同： 狗把他的手抓了。 The dog scratched his hand. 抓住机会 grasp the opportunity 抓苗头 watch out for the first sign 抓生产 attach importance to production 抓住机遇 value opportunit村子去了。 *All of his students have gone to one village. All of his students have gone to the same village. 他们俩有10个苹果。 *Both of them have ten apples. *Either of them have five apples. They two share ten apples.
3． 形容词的使用 这匹马的肉可以吃了。 The horse was ready to eat.* (The horse could be eaten readily./ The horse could eat grass readily.) The horse could be eaten.
Exercise for after-Class Practice See handouts
2）简洁： 他们你一句，我一句，说个没完。 They talked on and on (without stopping.) 你们的计划要进行调整。 Your plan will have to be adjusted.
3）生动： 他总算把记者招待会对付过去了。 After all, he survived the press conference. 公共汽车为人们去长城参观提供了方 便。 Buses provide easy access to the Great Wall. (more vivid than “provide convenience for…)
英汉互译2-diction
Unit 2 Diction (遣词用字)Some background information about this unit:a)No context, no text.b)What is context?Context, as the term suggests, refers to all the different situations involved in language communication.语境，就是产生语言活动的环境，包括时间、空间、语言交际参与者及语言活动的目的等，反映在文字材料中也称上下文。
语境是一切语言活动存在的前提。
Firth: each word when used in a new context is a new word.Some examples:▪I’ll finish the book next week.▪“我”是谁？finish的具体措辞究竟是：看完、写完、审完？▪Tension is building up.形式紧张起来。
/ 张力在增大。
/ 电压在增加。
/ 压力在增强。
/ 血压在增高。
/ 气压在加强。
/ 情绪越来越紧张。
/ 紧张局势在加剧。
Without context, both “tension” and “build up” may have various explanations.▪I’m through.通话完毕，结束了。
(AmE)电话接通了。
(BrE)1. Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level1.1 Word-for-word equivalenceThis is most shown in proper nouns and technical terms.▪Marxism 马克思主义▪Aspirin 阿司匹林▪Laser 激光▪Leukemia 白血病1.2 One word with multiple equivalents of the sameThis is a common case in translation.▪Wife: 妻子、老婆、夫人、老伴、媳妇、爱人、内人……▪Potato: 马铃薯、土豆、洋芋、山药蛋……▪人：human being, man, people, person…▪犬：dog, hound, spaniel, mastiff, pointer, setter, retriever, terrier…1.3 One word with several equivalents of different meaningsThis is also very common in translation.▪cousin: 堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹……▪president: 总统、主席、总裁、董事长、议长、会长、社长、校长……▪carry: 搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、抱、搂、举、端、夹、捧……▪走：walk, saunter, amble, stride, trudge, shamble, prance, scamper, clump, tiptoe.▪羊：sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb1.4 Equivalents interwoven with one another1.5 Words without corresponding equivalentsIn this case, an explanation is given instead of an equivalent.▪teenager: 13到19岁的青少年▪cyber slacker: 利用工作时间在公司上网、做与工作无关的事情的雇员▪阴：yin (in Chinese thought) the soft inactive female principle or force in the world▪阳：yang (in Chinese thought) the strong active male principle or force in the world2. Methods of discriminating the original meaning of a given word2.1 According to word formation▪parabiospheric: 外生物层的para- (outside), bio- (biologic), spheric (having the form of a phere)▪pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis 肺尘病，硅酸盐沉着病pneumono (of lung) ultra (beyond) micro (very small)scopic (of viewing or observing) silico (of silicon) volcano (of volcano)coni (koni, of dust) osis (forming the name of a disease)2.2 According to the referenceIn many cases the meaning of a pronominal word may be judged from the references.▪He [father] sent John to the university and was eager to have him distinguish himself.他送约翰上大学，巴望儿子能出类拔萃。
全新版大学英语2 Unit2课后翻译
Unit21)该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。
（deny, commercial）The company denied that its donation had a commercial purpose.2)每当他生气的时候，他说话就有一点结巴。
（stammer）Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3)教育是我们家庭最看重的传统，这就是为什么我从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最好的私立学校上学。
（cherish）Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That's why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.4)手术康复后不久，他失业了，因此经历了人生的又一个困难阶段。
（shortly after, go through）Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.5)与我们的富裕邻居相比，我们的父母就相当穷了，但是他们总是努力满足我们最起码的要求。
（affluent, minimal）In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.随着捐款源源不断的进来，我校明年的财务状况会好多。
这样我们就能集中应对我们作为教育工作者必须承担的最重要的任务：鼓励学生实现他们的血液目标，培养他们成为有责任感、靠得住的人，使他们对将来的生活有所准备，并在他们追求物质及精神满足的过程中给予指导。
英汉互译简明教程-Translation Techniques
Translation Techniques
Generally speaking, the basic translation techniques that merit our attention and are to be applied in English-Chinese or ChineseEnglish translations include: 1.Diction(遣词用字） 2.Repetition（重译法） 3.Amplification（增译法） 4.Omission（减译法） 5.Conversion（转换法） 6.Inversion（词序调整法） 7.Negation（正说反译，反说正译法） 8.Change of Voices（语态变换法） 9.Division（分译法） bination（合译法）
4.1 Diction
Teaching Contents:
•
Word Meaning
Conceptual Meaning Stylistic Meaning Linguistic Meaning Pragmatic Meaning
•
• •
• •
Choice of Word Meanings
Choice of Word Meanings According to Their Parts of Speech Choice of Word Meanings According to Different Collocation. Choice of Meaning Shifts Between the Abstract and the Concrete. Choice of Affective Meanings. Choice of Contextual Meanings Special Techniques Employed in Translating a word. Deduction（推演法） Transplant（移植法） Extension（引申法） Substitution（替换法） Explanation（释义法） Combination（合并法） Pictographic（图形法） Transliteration（音译法） Zero-Translation（零翻译法） Transliteration + Explanation（音义结合法）
英语翻译理论与实践1-教案
教师教案课程名称：英语翻译理论与实践1英文名称：Translation Theories and Practice 1课程编号：课程类别：专业基础课学分：2总学时：32理论学时：32实验学时：0授课班级：使用教材：英汉互译实践与技巧（第三版）任课教师：职称:所在单位：院系(部处)系教务处制教案填写说明教案按每一大节课进行编写，其进度应与授课计划相同。
教案可以是打印稿也可以是手写稿。
有关部分填写要求如下：1、课程类别（封面）：包括公共课、学科基础课、专业基础课、专业方向课、实践性教学环节、实验课、专业任选课、公选课。
2、课堂教学目的及要求：本大节课（本次课）的教学目的及要求。
3、课堂教学重点及难点：指根据教学大纲要求，确定课堂教学知识信息的重点、难点。
4、教学过程：这是整个教案的主体部分，既体现出教学活动的逻辑程序，又要划分出若干环节或步骤，并考虑到它们的时间分配、具体方法的应用，相互间的衔接、过渡，以及教学过程与板书的协调等等，充分反映教师教学设计思想，体现教师的教学经验和风格。
5、教学方法及手段：指举例讲解、多媒体讲解、模型讲解、实物讲解、挂图讲解、音像讲解等。
6、课后作业与思考题：指本大节课（本次课）结束后需要布置的作业与思考题。
7、课后小结：课后自我总结分析是对课程教学中教学环节的设计、教学重点难点的把握、教学方法的应用、师生双边活动的设计及教学效果等情况的总结与分析，为以后的教学提供经验与参考。
第1次课２学时教师教案注：每项页面大小可根据实际情况自行添减Teaching Notes—— A Brief Introduction to Translation翻译概论作为第一讲，有必要向学生简要全面介绍一下教材的内容和特点、该课程的具体要求以及学习方法。
《英汉互译实践与技巧》是清华大学优秀教材，该教材内容丰富、新颖，具有很高的权威性。
编者许建平现为清华大学外语系教授、硕士研究生导师，在翻译理论和实践方面造诣很深，在国内翻译界具有很高的威望。
大学英语专业四级Lesson2 Dictation
翻译句子： 1、孩子们常常和父母一起睡，兄弟或者姐妹睡一张床， 这突出家庭内部的相互依赖性。（emphasize） （TEM4真题） Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters share a bed, emphasizing familial interdependence.
英译中： 9、ratio 10、proportion 11、considering 12、irritate 13、bruise 14、bless 15、sacred
9、n. 比率 10、n. 比例；部分；均衡，相称 11、prep. 就......来说 12、vt.使恼怒；使（身体某部分）不适 13、n.青肿；（水果等的）伤痕 v. 使受 瘀伤；挫伤 14、vt. 使有幸得到；为......乞神赐福 15、adj. 神圣的；宗教（性）的
翻译句子： 2、你每年都花很多钱给我买圣诞礼物，你真是考虑周到。 （considerate，considerable） It's very considerate of you to send me a ChriБайду номын сангаасtmas gift at considerable expense every year. Comparison: considerate: showing concern for others体贴的 considerable: large in size, quantity相当大的
翻译句子： 1、孩子们常常和父母一起睡，兄弟或者姐妹睡一张床， 这突出家庭内部的相互依赖性。（emphasize） （TEM4真题） 家庭内部：familial interdependence 2、你每年都花很多钱给我买圣诞礼物，你真是考虑周 到。（considerate，considerable）
Unit 2 英汉差异与翻译
• 14. The teacher introduced that healthy, intelligent-looking, little boy to us.
• 15. No river in the world carries so much water as the Amazon ( 亚马逊河). • 16. Time is much more precious than money.
(累得要死)
尊敬人，他就会做的更多。
6. In 1998 the export value of HongKong garments was 6 times that of 1997.
1998年香港的服装出口比1997年增加了6倍。
7. Johnson’s plan is out of question.
B. 翻译下列短文 Literal translation and Liberal Translation Practically there are two kinds of translation. One is literal translation and the other is liberal translation. The two methods are both necessary, that is to say, you may use either of them to do translation work. While, in most cases, both of them should be employed together in order to make the translation FAITHFUL and SMOOTH. Literal translation refers to a representation of the form or word order of the original. Liberal translation, however, does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original. We can hardly say which method is better, each has its merits and defects. Some people prefer literal translation and others like liberal translation.
笔译-词义空缺
• 要参加那个俱乐部并非易事──他们只吸收手头 阔绰的人，而不是普通百姓。 （Tom, Dick, Harry都是英美常见的人名，这里泛指任
何人，相当于汉语中的”张三、李四、王五”。所以， 这里不宜直译为”汤姆、迪克、哈里”。）
• • • • • • •
4）Pictographic translation (图形法) H-beam 工字梁 O-ring 环形圈 U-steel 槽钢
死译(机械对应)
• • • • • 水平——level 英语水平 English level 生活水平 Living level 游泳水平 swimming level English Proficiency\ Living standard\ swimming skill
死译(机械对应)
• • • • • • 酸奶Sour milk yoghurt 绿豆green bean mung bean 文化程度Cultural degree educational level
词义空缺（汉译英）
• • • • • • 1)音译 磕头 阴阳 豆腐 饺子 荔枝
• • • • • •
1)音译 kowtow yinyang tufu jiaozi litchi
• • • • • • •
2）直译（难以了解其中的文化内涵） 八宝莲子粥 Eight-Treasure Lotus seed Porridge 号脉 Feel the pulse 灯影牛肉 shadow Beef
• • • • • •
1)音译Qigong wonton 2）直译Beijing Opera dragon boat spring roll 3）意译 乌纱帽 an official post 三教九流 people in various trades 元宵sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 特困生the most needy student • 4）加注法 • 西施 xishi (a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period) • 元宵节The Lantern Festival (the 15th of the 1st lunar month)
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One word with multiple equivalents of the same meaning
Wife
– 爱人 – 老婆 – 夫人 – 老伴 – 媳妇 – 堂客 – 内人、贱内、拙荆 内人、贱内、
6
Marry Sister Man
– – – –
One word with multiple equivalents of different meanings
Unit 2 Diction
遣词用字
1
Definition
By “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in the target language on the basis of accurate comprehension of the source language text.
16
I now have an alternative to complaining. When I'm bored with my life, I take my pencils out in the back yard and doodle for an hour, trying to sketch trees that look like trees. 我现在有了一种代替抱怨的东西。 我现在有了一种代替抱怨的东西。当我对生 活感到厌倦时，我就拿出铅笔到后院去心不 活感到厌倦时， 在焉地乱涂一个小时， 在焉地乱涂一个小时，试图画出看上去像树 的树木速写。 的树木速写。 我现在不再抱怨，而是去做一些别的事情。 我现在不再抱怨，而是去做一些别的事情。 对生活感到厌倦时，我就拿起铅笔， 对生活感到厌倦时，我就拿起铅笔，到后院 里随便涂鸦个把小时，画画树林的速写， 里随便涂鸦个把小时，画画树林的速写，尽 量画得看上去像是树林。 量画得看上去像是树林。
11
good saying 金玉良言 good idea good joke good looks good luck good dinner good contract good debt 能收回的 good eggs 好小伙子 good eyesight good features good manners
13
He is the last man to come. He is the last man to do it. He is the last person for such a job. He should be the last to blame. He is the last man to consult. This is the last place where I expected to see you.
He saw a man sawing wood with a saw． saw． 他看见一个人正用锯子锯木头。 他看见一个人正用锯子锯木头。 Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade. 夜贼轻手轻脚的穿过房间， 夜贼轻手轻脚的穿过房间，点亮了那盏有浅绿 色灯罩的灯，以便辨别方向。 色灯罩的灯，以便辨别方向。 Eat what you can and can what you cannot． cannot． 能吃的吃掉，吃不掉的就做成罐头。 能吃的吃掉，吃不掉的就做成罐头。
10
Collocation
a fast car the fast growth fast music a fast journey fast color a fast film a fast oven fast asleep break one’s fast stick fast in the mud 速度很快的车 迅速成展 节奏快的音乐 行程紧凑的一次旅行 不易褪掉的颜色 快速感光胶卷 烤箱 熟睡 开斋 牢牢地陷在泥潭里
8
Word Formation
– dewinged treatment – PneumonoPneumono– ultraultra– microscopicmicroscopic– silicosilico– volcanovolcano– coniconi– osis
9
Parts of speech
Full correspondence
minibus = 微型汽车（面包车） 微型汽车（面包车） the United Nations = 联合国 the Pacific Ocean = 太平洋 helicopter = 直升飞机
4
No equivalents
– boomer – teenager – plumber (特工) (特工 特工) – mascon (质量密集的物质) (质量密集的物质 质量密集的物质) – chain-smoker (烟鬼) chain(烟鬼 烟鬼) – hit (引起轰动的事物，如: (引起轰动的事物 引起轰动的事物， 演出、促销等的成功) 演出、促销等的成功)
good reason good soil good player good boy good child good match 绝配;劲敌;佳偶 绝配;劲敌; good wife good mother good neighbor good teacher good friend good Christian
14
Syntax
agreement an agreement people a people hostility hostilities use uses 同意 协定 人民 民族 敌意 战争 使用 用途
15
As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was him; it; fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I him; him. honor him; but as he was ambitious, I slew him. love; fortune; There are tears for his love; joy for his fortune; valor; ambition. honor for his valor; and death for his ambition. 因为凯撒爱我，我为他哭泣；因为他幸运， 因为凯撒爱我，我为他哭泣；因为他幸运，我 为他高兴；因为他英勇，我对他崇拜；但因为 为他高兴；因为他英勇，我对他崇拜； 他有野心，我就刺杀了他。 他有野心，我就刺杀了他。我用眼泪回报他的 用欢乐庆祝他的幸运； 爱；用欢乐庆祝他的幸运；用崇拜纪念他的英 而用刺杀制止他的野心。 勇；而用刺杀制止他的野心。
2
between English and Chinese
Full correspondence No equivalents One word with multiple equivalents – Of the same meaning – Of different meanings
3
Correspondence
7
How to judge the meaning?
According to word formation According to the parts of speech According to the collocation According to the context According to the syntax
17
Thank you!
18
I am a man now. Any man can do it. The rights of man should be respected. You cannot share the same bedroom if you are not man and wife. – You are the master and I am the man.
12
Context
This war is becoming the most important story of his generation. 这场战争将成为这一代人的最重大的事件 事件。 这场战争将成为这一代人的最重大的事件。 It is quite another story now. 现在的情况完全不同了。 情况完全不同了 现在的情况完全不同了。 Some reporters who were not included in story. the sessions broke the story. 有些没有参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。 内情捅出去了 有些没有参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。 He’ll be very happy if that story holds up. 如果这一说法当真，那他就太高兴了。 说法当真 如果这一说法当真，那他就太高兴了。