英汉互译
英汉互译
red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。
red figure：赤字red ink：赤字in the red：亏损red-ink entry：赤字分录red balance：赤字差额good luck:红运dividen: 红利wedding: 红事red wine :红酒red ruin 火灾red battle 血战red sky 彩霞red flag红旗brown sugar红糖black tea红茶honour roll红榜love pea红豆a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人 a yellow livered 胆小鬼Yellow Pages 黄页Yellow Book 黄皮书yellow boy （俗）金币green with envy，green as jealousy，green-eyed monster:十分嫉妒blue常用来喻指人的“情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁苦闷”，如：blue-eyed boys：受到管理当局宠爱和特别照顾的职工a blue moon：千载难逢的机会；绝无可能out of blue 意想不到once in a blue 千载难逢drink till all’s blue 一醉方休blue-sky market：露天市场blue-collar workers：从事体力劳动的工人blue chip：热门证券blue button：喻指有权进入股票交易的经纪人blue-sky law：蓝法blue sky bargaining：漫天讨价white war：没有硝烟的战争，常指“经济竞争”white goods：指的是体积大、单价高的家用电器用具white money：银币white coal：水力white sale：大减价the white way：白光大街black in the face 脸色铁青黑心evil mind 黑手evil backstage manipulator 黑幕inside story黑线 a sinister line害群之马black sheep 凶日black day暗淡的前途black future怒目而视to look black at someoneblack money：黑钱black market：黑市交易或黑市black market price：黑市价格black figure / in the black：盈利、赚钱、顺差black figure nation：国际收支顺差国interest in the black：应收利息red ink 赤字in the black 盈利grey market：半黑市grey area：灰色地区black and blue 青一块紫一块办公室职员office staff 办公室主任office administrator归国留学生returned student 正教授full professor 讲师lecturer; instructor助教assistant (teacher) 保送生student by recommendation博士生导师doctoral advisor 大学本科生undergraduate (student)化验员chemical analyst 技师, 技术员technician 检验员inspector 建筑师architect院士academician 助理工程师assistant engineer 编辑editor 主编editor in chief高级编辑; 编审senior editor 翻译translator; interpreter节目主持人anchor在职研究生in-service graduate student 研究员research fellow副研究员associate research fellowas timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone's throw一箭之遥wet like a drown rat湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose蠢得像猪as stubborn as a mule 犟得像牛 have a wolf by the ears 骑虎难下to be out at elbows 捉襟见肘at one’s wit’s end 山穷水尽a velvet paw 笑里藏刀to find a quarrel in a straw 吹毛求疵Give a dog an ill name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患无辞。
常见英汉互译
Not so bad. 不错。
No way! 不可能！
Don't flatter me. 过奖了。
Hope so. 希望如此。
Go down to business. 言归正传。
I'm not going. 我不去了。
Does it serve your purpose？ 对你有用吗？
I am all ears. 我洗耳恭听。
Right over there. 就在那里。
Get an eyeful. 看个够。
Here we are! 我们到了！
I lost my way. 我迷路了
Say hello to everybody for me. 替我向大家问好。
Not precisely! 不见得，不一定！
Tell me when! 随时奉陪！
It is a small world! 世界真是小！
Not at all. 根本就不（用）。
Let's play it by ear. 让我们随兴所至。
Wait and see. 等着瞧。
Why so blue？ 怎么垂头丧气？
What brought you here？ 什么风把你吹来了？
Talk truly. 有话直说。
I'm going to go. 我這就去。
Never mind. 不要緊。
Why are you so sure？ 怎么这样肯定？
Is that so？ 是这样吗？
Come on, be reasonable. 嗨，你怎么不讲道理。
When are you leaving？ 你什么时候走？
英汉互译-语义翻译
负债
跑掉-流畅的写出（背出）
5
英汉互译
Run out Run over Run through Run up Run to seed Run for presidency Run to sb’s aid Run aground Run wild
JRJ6
跑过-满出，溢出 跑过，穿过-贯穿
跑上去-迅速积累（债款等）
4) The dinner cost us five dollars a head.
这顿饭花去我们每人5块钱.
16
16 JRJ
英汉互译
5) Prick with the head of a needle.
用针尖挑。
6) He was standing at the head of the staircase. 他 站在楼梯的顶端。 7〉 Let‘s discuss the question under five heads. 让我们分5个题目来讨论这个问题。 8) The head of his bed was piled with books. 他的床头堆满了书。
13
13 JRJ
英汉互译
36) 随函附上2角钱邮票1张- Enclosed herewith is a 20fen stamp. 37) 这一盘你上。 You play this game. 38) 一连上了好几道菜。Several courses were served in succession. 39) 行李还没上架。The luggage has not been put on the rack yet. 40) 我来给门上漆。Let me paint the door. 41) 这事已上了电视。It has been publicized on TV. 42) 表该上了。 The watch needs winding.
英汉互译八种技巧
注意事项
保持原文的语义和语法正确
在直译过程中，要确保译文准确地传达了原文的语义和语法，避 免出现歧义或误解。
尊重原文的文化特色
直译法要尊重原文的文化特色，尽可能保留原文的文化信息，避免 因文化差异而引起的误解。
符合目标语言的表达习惯
尽管直译法强调保持原文的形式，但译文仍需符合目标语言的表达 习惯，以使读者能够更好地理解和接受。
注意事项
准确理解原文
在运用直译与意译结合法时，首 先要准确理解原文的意思，避免
因理解错误而导致翻译错误。
灵活调整词序
在直译与意译结合的过程中，需 要根据汉语的表达习惯灵活调整 英文原句的词序，使译文更加自
然流畅。
保持原文风格
在翻译过程中，要尽量保持原文 的风格和语言特色，如比喻、修 辞等，以使译文更加贴近原文。
注意事项
加注应当符合目标语言的表达习惯和规范，避免出现 语法错误或表达不当的情况。
加注应当简洁明了，避免过多的解释和说明，以免影 响读者的阅读体验。
加注应当尽可能地保留原文的信息和意义，避免出现 信息丢失或误解的情况。
THANKS FOR WATCHING
感谢您的观看
文的含义。
符合目标语言习惯
意译法要求译文符合目标语言的表 达习惯和语法规则，避免出现生硬 或不符合规范的语言表达。
保持原意不变
意译法的核心是保持原文意思不变， 因此在翻译过程中要特别注意保持 原意的完整性和准确性，避免出现 信息的遗漏或误解。
04
音意结合法
定义
• 音意结合法是指在进行英汉互译 时，将英文的发音和汉语的意义 结合起来，以达到准确传达原文 意思的目的。
和文化背景。
适用范围
当源语言与目标语言存在较大 的文化差异和语言结构差异时， 归化法可以发挥很好的作用。
英汉互译
英汉互译(S字母开头后部分)1.社会/交的2.社会3.社会主义者4.沙发5.柔软/和的adj.adv. n.v.6.土壤7.士兵,军人8.固体;坚固的9.悲伤/痛n.10.特别/殊的adj.adv.11.专家,专科医生12.演讲n.13.速度;疾行14.发言人15.赞助者;资助16.延伸,传播;涂,敷17.方形(的);广场18.体育场19.邮票20.标准(的)21.车站22.加强,巩固23.成功v.n.adj.24.晒黑的25.晴朗的26.幸存,幸免于v.n.27.汗;出汗28.横扫;卷走过去式过去分词29.膨胀;肿大过去式过去分词30.游泳过去式过去分词31.摇动/摆过去式过去分词32.象征33.体制/系34.soap35.soccer36.sock37.software38.somehow39.sound n.v.adj.40.soup41.sour42.souvenir43.spare adj.vt.44.sparrow45.spell过去式过去分词46.spend过去式过去分词47.spin过去式过去分词现在分词48.spit汉译:过去式过去分词49.spoonful50.spray51.spring52.spy53.squeez54.squirrel55.stable56.stage57.stand v.n.58.starve59.starvation60.statistics61.steak62.steal过去式过去分词63.steam64.steel65.steward的对应词66.stick过去式过去分词67.stomach复数68.straightforward69.strange名词副词70.strawberry71.stream72.strike过去式过去分词(至少写出8种汉意)73.stubborn74.studio75.style76.subject77.surgeon78.surroundings79.swallow v. n.80.swear汉意过去式过去分词81.sweet82.swift83.symptom短语:1.与…有关2.尽早/快3.迟早,早晚4.分类,整理5.全心全意地6.在太空7.情绪高涨8.室外运动9.忍受做….10.盯着看…11.开始做….12.处于…状态13.坚持做….14.停止做…15.停下来去做…16.阻止某人做…17.对某人某事要求严格18.为…斗争与…搏斗与…并肩战斗19.突然20.在阳光下21.理应/应当做…22.确保,弄清楚23.吃惊地24.令某人吃惊的是25.solar energy26.no sooner…_____(汉译: )27.sort of28.speak well/highly of29.pick up speed30.spend …_____ sth.31.on the spot/scene32.be spotted with33.stand for34.stand on one’s feet35.stare sb. ___ the face36.stay up37.watch one’s step38.be stuck in39.with a stone’s throw40.____ store41.to make/cut a long story short42._______(strength) and_______(weak)y/place/put stress on44.be struck by45.subscribe to46.submit sth. to sb.47.substitute… for….48,suggest______(do)49.follow suit50.be superior to51.supply sth. _____ sb.52.in support of53.for sure54.survive sb. ___ 10 years55.suspect sb. ___ sth.56.switch on57.have sympathy for。
常用英汉互译技巧
八、插入法 指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句 中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位 语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。
如：如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的“带来灾难性的影 响”，那我们将勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。 If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, “disastrous effects,” we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.
常用英汉互译技巧
五、正译法和反译法
这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子 按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照 与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果， 但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道 。
例1. 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. （正译） This information is accessible/available on the Internet. （反译） 例2. 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. （反译）
常用英汉互译技巧
三、转换法 例1. Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词) 例2. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显 的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动 词转名词) 例3. 时间不早了，我们回去吧！ We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换)
翻译硕士考研：英汉互译的三个方法
翻译硕士考研：英汉互译的三个方法以往的翻译方法多是从“直译和意译”和“归化和异化”等角度而谈的，我这里则想从译语与源语的关系来探讨英汉互译方法。
我认为英汉互译基本方法有三种，即直接套用、结构模仿和融会创新。
一、直接套用所谓“直接套用”指翻译时如能采用“拿来主义”的即采用“拿来主义”，不必另起炉灶，尤其是单词、词组和句子层面。
比如，翻译“石头剪子布”就可以直接将英语中对应的词找出，直接套用英语中的rock- paper-scissors;“口水战”可套用英语中的a war of words;游戏“打水漂”可套用英语中的词组play ducks and drakes;“傻人有傻福”可套译为Fortune favors fools;“谋事在人，成事在天”可套译为Man proposes, God disposes;从交际角度而言“人非圣贤，孰能无过”可视具体情况套用蒲柏(Alexander Pope，1688-1744) 的To err is human或Even Homer sometimes nods;翻译“喊破嗓子，不如甩开膀子”时孙宁巧妙地套用了英语中的“Talking the talk is not as good as walking the walk”。
当然，套译不限于native speakers的表达，母语非英语的人翻译的经典最好也能够信手拈来：如将“救死扶伤”译作heal the wounded and save the dying、“吃一堑，长一智”套译作“A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit”等。
我参加第十四届韩素音翻译竞赛，很多表述，如解放区the Liberated Area等的翻译都参考了毛泽东选集英文版中的译法。
汉译英亦如此。
如，“精明但不聪明”或“捡起芝麻，丢掉西瓜”可套用英语中的penny wise but pound foolish;“上行，下效。
英汉互译谚语
英汉互译谚语（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如职场文书、合同协议、策划方案、规章制度、演讲致辞、应急预案、心得体会、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as workplace documents, contract agreements, planning plans, rules and regulations, speeches, emergency plans, experiences, teaching materials, essay summaries, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!英汉互译谚语英汉互译谚语在日常的学习、工作、生活中，大家都听说过或者使用过一些比较经典的谚语吧，谚语一般是通过口头传播，流传下来的。
最流行的英汉互译
最流行的英汉互译2008-08-27 12:501．How are you doing?（你好吗？）2．I'm doing great.（我过得很好。
）3．What's up?（出什么事了/你在忙些什么/怎么了？）4．Nothing special.（没什么特别的。
）5．Hi. Long time no see.（嗨，好久不见了。
）6．So far so good.（到目前为止，一切都好。
）7．Things couldn't be better.（一切顺利。
）8．How about yourself?（你自己呢？）9．Today is a great day.（今天是个好日子。
）10．Are you making progress?（有进展吗？）11．May I have your name, please?（请问尊姓大名？）12．I've heard so much about you.（久仰大名。
）13．I hope you're enjoying your staying here.（希望你在这里过得愉快。
）14．Let's get together again.（改天再聚聚。
）15．That's a great idea!（好主意！）16．Please say hello to your m other for m e.（请代我向你母亲问好。
）17．I'm glad to have m et you.（很高兴遇到你。
）18．Don't forget us.（别忘了我们。
）19．Keep in touch.（保持联系。
）20．I had a wonderful tim e here.（我在这里度过了难忘的时光。
）21．Have a nice weekend.（周末愉快。
）22．Same to you.（彼此彼此。
）23．Nice talking to you.（很高兴与你聊天。
常用英汉互译技巧
计算机专业英语
4-4
Chapter 4 Data Structure
常用英汉互译技巧
三、转换法 例1. Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词) 例2. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显 的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动 词转名词) 例3. 时间不早了，我们回去吧！ We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换)
计算机专业英语
4-8
Chapter 4 Data Structure
常用英汉互译技巧
七、包孕法
这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时，把英语 后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前，使修饰成分在汉语句中形 成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长，否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分 在连接上的纠葛。如：
计算机专业英语
4-1
Chapter 4 Data Structure
常用英汉互译技巧
一、增译法 例1. Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词） 例2. 这是这两代计算机之间的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the computers of the two generations.（增译介词） 例3. Individual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expressions and in many cases there is no generally accepted “correct” pronunciation. 每个数学家对数学公式常常有各自的读法，在许多情况下，并不存在 一个普遍接受的所谓“正确”读法。(增加隐含意义的词) 例4. 只有在可能发生混淆、或要强调其观点时，数学家才使用较长的读法 It is only when confusion may occur, or where he/she wishes to emphasis the point, that the mathematician will use the longer forms. (增加主语)
英汉互译八种技巧
mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. ❖ 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科 学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩。
thought and thought it over and over. 他有又上床去，左思右想，想个不停。
8
这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.
of success. ❖ 不要害怕失败。失败是成功之母。 ❖ Translation from Chinese into English is not
so easy as that from English into Chinese. ❖ 汉译英不像英译汉那么容易。 ❖ A large family has its difficulties. ❖ 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
常用的翻译技巧
1. 重复法 (repetition) 2. 增译法 (amplification) 3. 减译法 (omission) 4. 词类转换法 (conversion) 5. 词序调整法 (inversion) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation)（反译法） 8. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voices)
英汉互译100句(汉译英版)
英汉互译100句（汉译英版1）1.我们大家深受感动，结果把所有的零用钱都给了那个穷男孩。
2.他们夜以继日地工作，为了能按时修建起这座大桥。
3.我认为买一本大的英汉词典很有必要。
4.他的话听起来很合理，但是我们不知道他是否说了实话。
5.我们宁可步行也不愿意挤乘这么拥挤的公共汽车去学校。
6.他说什么并没有关系，重要的是他怎么干。
7.碰巧我带着一张上海地图，因此没有迷路。
8这已不是我第一次来上海了。
我第一次来上海时对所见所闻都觉得有趣。
9.除非你说实话，否则你不会得到我们的帮助。
10.你打个电话给她，她马上就会把你所需要的东西送来的。
11.像那样谈论是没有用的。
我们必须制定一个计划，然后加以实施。
12.你真好，提醒了我有个重要的会议。
13.当我们听到他被选为队长的消息，我们禁不住欢呼起来。
15.只要你让我管这个孩子，我就会让他用功。
16.任何不守规则的人都要受到惩罚。
17.他们一定挺忙的，因为他们必须准备考试。
18.你一定丢失了什么东西，不然不会看起来这么焦虑。
19.据报道，那个国家的军队正在攻击其邻国。
20.你真幸运，你的数学老师被认为是全校最好的老师。
21.直到所有的病人都得到了治疗，医生才离开他的办公室。
22.随着上海的发展，上海人民的生活条件已大为改善。
23.有老师们的帮助和鼓励，学生们的进步越来越大。
24.我从未看到过这么激动人心的足球赛，它比我想象的精彩得多。
25.只有当你理解领会了这种知识，才能把它记住。
26.他们来上海已经一个半月了，但至今还未找到工作。
27.过了一个月他才回家，结果他的叔父已经离开了。
28.请把书刊放回原处。
29.“有志者事竟成”这是一条常见的英语谚语。
30.我们除了等待进一步的消息外什么也干不了，尽管我们并不愿意那么做。
31.但愿我能给你一点帮助，但事实上我自己也只能依靠别人。
32.如果你坚持要我一个人去，我愿惹服从你的命令。
33.我希望我所有的学生都能进入他们想进的大学。
英汉互译的方法
英汉互译的方法英汉互译是指将英语和汉语进行相互转换的方法。
在全球化的背景下，英汉互译的需求越来越大。
无论是学习英语的中国学生，还是学习汉语的外国人，都需要掌握好英汉互译的方法。
下面将介绍一些常用的英汉互译方法。
首先是词汇互译。
词汇是语言的基本单位，正确理解和运用词汇是进行英汉互译的基础。
在进行词汇互译时，可以通过查字典、使用在线翻译工具等方式来找到对应的词汇。
但需要注意的是，翻译工具并不是万能的，有时候会出现错误或不准确的情况，所以还需要进行合理的判断和调整。
其次是句子结构互译。
英语和汉语的句子结构有一定的差异，需要进行相应的转换。
在进行句子结构互译时，可以根据语法规则进行调整。
比如，英语的主谓宾结构可以转换为汉语的主谓宾结构，也可以转换为汉语的主谓状结构。
这需要根据具体语境和语言习惯进行判断。
还可以通过上下文理解来进行互译。
有时候，一句话或一个词在某种特定的语境下有特定的含义，如果只看单个词或句子，可能无法准确理解其意思。
所以，在进行互译时，需要结合上下文来进行理解和翻译，避免歧义和误解。
还可以通过类比和类推的方法来进行互译。
英语和汉语虽然有很多不同之处，但也有一些相似之处。
通过找到相似之处，可以进行类比和类推，从而进行互译。
比如，英语中的"apple"对应汉语中的"苹果"，而英语中的"banana"对应汉语中的"香蕉"，通过类比和类推，可以找到其他水果的对应关系。
还可以通过比较和对照的方法来进行互译。
比较和对照可以帮助我们发现两种语言之间的差异和共同点，从而进行互译。
比如，英语中的过去时态可以对应汉语中的过去时态，通过比较和对照，可以找到其他时态的对应关系。
进行英汉互译时，需要注意一些特殊的翻译问题。
比如，英语中的冠词在汉语中没有对应的词，需要根据具体语境进行判断和翻译。
另外，英语中的动词时态和语态在汉语中没有直接对应的形式，需要进行相应的转换和调整。
英汉互译英汉
英汉互译英汉1. 什么是英汉互译？英汉互译是指将英语和汉语之间进行相互转换的过程。
在全球化的背景下，英语作为一种国际通用语言，与汉语的关系日益密切。
因此，掌握英汉互译技能对于沟通交流、文化交流以及跨文化交流具有重要意义。
2. 英汉互译的难点尽管英语和汉语都属于世界上最重要的语言之一，但由于两种语言在表达方式、句法结构、文化内涵等方面存在差异，因此进行英汉互译时会遇到一些难点。
2.1 文化差异中西方文化存在明显的差异，这也反映在了两种语言之间。
例如，在英文中，“猫”被描述为“cat”，而在中文中，“猫”被描述为“猫”。
这种差异不仅仅是表达方式上的区别，更体现了两种文化对事物的理解和认知。
2.2 句法结构句法结构是指一个句子中各个成分之间的关系和顺序。
英语和汉语的句法结构存在一些差异，例如，英语中主语+谓语+宾语的顺序在汉语中可能会被颠倒。
这就需要在互译过程中灵活运用句法结构的变化。
2.3 习惯用语和俚语习惯用语和俚语是两种语言中常见的表达方式。
然而，由于文化背景和社会环境的不同，英汉互译时可能会遇到一些习惯用语和俚语难以直接对应的情况。
这时候需要通过理解其内涵和寻找相似表达来进行翻译。
3. 英汉互译技巧为了有效地进行英汉互译，以下是一些实用的技巧：3.1 理解上下文理解上下文是进行准确翻译的关键。
通过仔细阅读原文并分析上下文，可以更好地理解句子的意思、情感色彩以及所传递的信息。
只有充分理解了原文，才能更好地进行翻译。
3.2 注重准确性和流畅性在进行英汉互译时，要注重翻译的准确性和流畅性。
准确性是指翻译结果与原文的一致性，而流畅性则是指翻译结果在语言表达上的自然和流畅。
只有兼顾准确性和流畅性，才能使翻译更加贴近原文。
3.3 学习常见表达学习常见表达是提高英汉互译能力的重要途径。
通过积累常见的表达方式、短语和句型，可以更好地应对各种翻译任务。
在学习中应注重实践，通过大量阅读、写作和口语练习来提高自己的英汉互译能力。
单词英汉互译
windy_______like_______snow_______weather__________supermarket_________ here________sunny________rain________newspaper_________picture__________ draw________radio________letter_______colour_______photo________card_____ camera_________smile_________write_______room_______today________ secret________do_______tidy________homework_____________flower_________ talk______game________noise_________there________drink________catch______ skip______hide_______sad_______me_______playtime__________see______ help_______cook________usually__________Sunday________ill_____her_______ help________him_______it_________picnic__________some______sleep________ play_______class_________poem_________fly________say______down_________ hospital________touch______stop________turn________up______past__________ around___________station_________see________factory_______left____________ right_______cousin_________well_________一些：________有风的，多风的：__________放（风筝）________堂（表）兄（弟姐妹）__________寻找：________下雨：__________在这里：_________游戏：________下雪_________喝，饮_________卡片：______工厂：________照片：___________照相机：_____________朝着相反方向：_________画，图画___________微笑_________接触，触摸_________画，绘制__________信______噪音______房间________做____家庭作业_____________跳绳_______秘密_________收音机____________花________今天________谈话_______游戏时间：____________念，背诵：______向下：_________在那里：__________抓，捉_______向右_______停止_______把……涂颜色________(宾格)我：_____通常：_________星期天：_________帮助：________（宾格）它____事情：_______生病的：__________(宾格)他：______整理，收拾：_______ (宾格)她：______像，如同_________阳光充足的，晴朗的__________伤心的，难过的______烧菜，做菜：________剧：_______小山：_______看见：________写：_______诗：________天气，气候:_____________ 班级：________野餐：_________睡觉：________向上：________详细地，熟悉地：___________车站：___________经过：________医院：____________转动，转向：________报纸：______________向左：________超市：________隐藏：________。
英汉词汇互译方法
科技领域的文章通常比较严谨，翻译时需要保持语言的准确性和清晰性， 避免产生歧义。
商务领域
商务领域的词汇通常比较正式和专业， 翻译时需要使用规范的语言和表达方式。
在商务信函、合同等文件中，用词需要非常 准确，不能有任何歧义，翻译时需要特别注 意。
PART 01
英汉词汇互译概述
定义与重要性
定义
英汉词汇互译是指将英语和汉语两种 语言的词汇进行相互转换的过程。
重要性
英汉互译在跨文化交流、国际合作、 语言学习等领域具有重要意义，是语 言学习者必备的技能之一。
英汉词汇的差异
词义范围
01
英语单词的词义范围往往比对应的汉语词汇更广泛，需要结合
具体语境进行理解。
PART 02
英汉词汇互译技巧
直译法
01
直接按照英文单词的字面意思进行翻译，保持原文的句式和 修辞。
02
适用于一些常见的、简单的词汇和表达方式。
03
例如：将“book”直译为“书”。
意译法
01 不拘泥于原文的形式，而是根据英文单词的含义 进行翻译。
02 适用于一些具有特殊文化背景或修辞手法的词汇 和表达方式。
03 例如：将“ice cream”意译为“冰淇淋”。
音译法
1
将英文单词的发音直接转化为对应的汉语拼音。
2
适用于一些外来词或专有名词的翻译。
3
例如：将“Coca-Cola”音译为“可口可乐”。
音意结合法
01
将音译和意译相结合，既保持英文单词的发音特点，
又体现其含义。
02
适用于一些具有特殊文化背景或修辞手法的词汇和表
英汉互译
kill two birds with one stone. (一箭双雕)show one's cards摊牌strike somebody when he is unprepared攻其不备Soon got, soon gone.来的容易，去的快。
Speech is silver, silence is golden.雄辩是银，沉默是金。
You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty." Mahatma Gandhi你绝对不能对人性失去信赖。
人性是大海，即使大海里有几滴脏水，它依然不会变脏。
Hand in glove with和。
狼狈为奸（死译：戴着手套和。
合作）Once in a blue moon千载难逢（死译：一个蓝色月亮里的一次）It is a long lane that has no turning.路必有弯；事情必有转机（死译：没有转弯的小巷的确是一条很长的小巷）It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.家丑不可外扬（弄脏自己巢的鸟是一只坏鸟）“Wet Floor!”小心地滑！He is the last person I will ask for help.我根本不会去求他的。
flog a dead horse直译：鞭打死马意译：白费力；徒劳；白搭a drop in the bucket直译：一桶水中的一滴意译：沧海一粟；九牛一毛；微乎其微competitive products直译：具有竞争性的产品意译：拳头产品In private firms, green hands need special training.在私营公司，新手都需要培训。
英汉互译
[汉译英]1. 小明想当一名教师。
2. 你能用英语说出它吗？3. 她在医院工作，她是一名护士。
4. 我们每天有许多作业要做。
5. 你的钢笔是红色的，我的是白色的。
[英译汉]1. He is very kind to us, so we are not afraid of him.2. My father works as an English teacher.3. Please write to me as soon as possible.4. China is a great country with a long history.5. Thousands of people are watching the football match. Keys：[汉译英]1. Xiao Ming wants to be a teacher.2. Can you say it in English?3. She works in a hospital. She is a nurse.4. We have a lot of homework to do every day.5. Your pen is red. Mine is white.[英译汉]1. 他对我们很和蔼，所以我们都不怕他。
2. 我的父亲是一名英语教师。
3. 请尽快给我写信。
4. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的伟大国家。
5. 几千人正在观看足球比赛。
【英译汉】1. We want some meat and bread, please.2. They usually go to school on foot.3. All living things need light and heat from the sun to live.4. I noticed that the bus stopped many times to let people on.【汉译英】1. 你必须好好照顾你的妈妈.2. 树上的苹果很难够得着.3. 不要着急,休息一下,晚饭后你就会好的.Keys: 【英译汉】1. 我们需要一些肉和面包.2. 他们经常步行上学.3. 所有的生物都需要依靠太阳的光和热来生存.4. 我注意到车停下来许多次来载乘客.【汉译英】1. You must take good care of your mother.2. The apples on the tree is hard to reach.3. Don't worry, have a rest and then you'll be all right after suppe r.1. His house is very large and close to his school.2. It usually takes some time to make friends with them.3. Is your father still working in that computer company他的房子很大,离他的学校也很近.跟他们交朋友通常需要一些时间.你父亲还在那间电脑公司工作吗他的收音机很小,但是很好看.他每天早上赶到学校通常需要二十分钟.你的兄弟还在房间里做作业吗His radio is very small but very nice to look at.It usually takes him twenty minutes to get to school every morning.Is your brother still doing his homework in his room4. My teacher promised to talk to my father about it.5. I was so angry that I told him to his face what I thought of him.6. The chairman of the meeting is an old man over sixty.不要相信那些当面赞扬你的人.公司经理是一位大约三十岁左右的年轻人.He promised to give her a nice present for her birthday.Don't believe in those who praise you to your face.The manager of the company is a young man about thirty.他答应给她一件漂亮的生日礼物.会议的主席是一位六十多岁的老人.我非常生气,就当面告诉了他我对他的看法.我的老师答应就此事与我父亲谈谈.7. We still have a long way to go to catch up with the advanced countries.8. I don't know why they refused to accept her invitation.9. It's a good chance to get some useful advice from the famous artist.我们要赶上先进国家还有很长的路要走.我不知道他们为什么拒绝接受她的邀请.这是一个从那位著名的艺术家那里得到有用指教的好机会.It's really a good chance for you to practice your spoken English.你要跟上班还有很长的路要走.他不知道她为什么不愿意跟他一起去.这对你来说确实是一个练习英语口语的好机会.You still have a long way to go to catch up with the class.He didn't know why she was unwilling to go with him.10. You have no right to criticize your parents like that.11. There was only one dollar in his pocket then.12. The old man and his grandson would go fishing on Sundays.你没有权力像那样批评你的父母.当时他的口袋里只有一美元.那位老人和他的孙子星期天总是去钓鱼.你没有权力让他们离开.那间村办学校只有一百个学生和四个老师.我和我的兄弟夏天总是在那条小河里游泳.You have no right to let them leave.There are only one hundred pupils and four teachers in the village school. My brother and I would go swimming in the small river in summer.13. Do you mean you are willing to help them if they ask you14. They are always having a lot of meetings to attend, so they are very busy.15. More skilled workers are badly needed in my uncle's factory.你的意思是说如果他们请你,你是愿意帮助他们的,是吗他们总是有很多会议要参加,所以他们很忙.我叔叔的工厂急需更多的熟练工人.你的意思是说即使他请求你,你也不会借给他钱的,是吗他的头脑里总是有很多奇怪的想法.那个山村急需老师.Do you mean you will not lend him the money even though he asks youHe is always having a lot of strange ideas in his mind.Teachers are badly needed in the mountain village.16. It is said that he has already gone to Australia.17. The present he gave me is right in the school bag.18. They will try their best to improve their working conditions.据说他已经去了澳大利亚.他给我的礼物就在书包里.他们将尽力改善工作条件.据报道,那位著名的歌手将在那里呆两个星期.他们上星期买的那台仪器就在桌子上.她将尽力改进她的英语口语水平.It is reported that the famous singer will stay there for two weeks.The instrument that they bought last week is right on the table.She will try her best to improve her spoken English.19. They invited him to make a speech at the meeting.20. We don't believe the story he told us.21. He is fond of pop music while his parents prefer folk songs.他们邀请他在会上作个发言.我们不相信他给我们讲的故事.他喜欢流行音乐,而他的父母却偏爱民歌.你为什么没有邀请她参加我们的讨论呢他们不相信我能够把这些数学题解出来.他的母亲忙着准备晚饭,而他却在房间里看电视.Why didn't you invite her to join our discussionThey didn't believe that I could work out the maths problems.His mother is busy preparing supper while he is watching TV in the room.22. At last he bought a new house of his own.23. The doctor advised him to give up smoking.24. He wanted very much to finish his homework, but he couldn't keep his eyes open.最后他终于买了一幢属于自己的新房子.医生劝他戒烟.他很想做完作业,可他连眼睛都睁不开了.最后他还是设法把他的儿子送进了附近的一所中学.那小姑娘要她父亲带她去公园.他非常想给他母亲买一件礼物,可他没有钱.At last he managed to send his son to a middle school nearby.The little girl asked her father to take her to the park.He wanted very much to buy his mother a present, but he hadn't any money.25. It is important for the college students to master a foreign language.26. I remembered having met him before.27. After all the students had taken their seats, the teacher began to hand out the examination papers.大学生掌握一门外语是很重要的我记得以前曾经见过他.所有的学生就座之后,老师开始分发试卷.你有必要向李教授求教.他记得临走之前把门锁上了.所有的同学离开教室之后,他开始做作业.It is necessary for you to ask Professor Li for some advice.He remembered having locked the door before he left.After all his classmates had left the classroom, he began to do his homework.28. They lived in a big house surrounded by green trees.29. The teacher often encouraged Tom to study maths well.30. His parents died when he was only a boy of five.他们住在一幢绿树环绕的大房子里.老师经常鼓励汤姆把数学学好.他的父母死了,那时他还只是一个五岁的孩子.我们参观了一座两千年前建的庙宇.那位老妇人希望她的儿子成为一个医生.当他还是一个小孩子的时候,他家搬到了一个小山村.We visited an old temple built two thousand years ago.The old woman expected her son to become a doctor.His family moved to a mountain village when he was a small boy.31. The old man said that we could stop to have a rest.32. In order to improve the listening ability, they decided to listen to the tape every evening.33. With the help of my classmates, I did very well in all the exams.那位老人说,我们可以停下来休息一下.为了改进听力,他们决定每天晚上听录音(磁带).在同学们的帮助下,我各门考试都考得很好.老师说,我们不能离开教室,除非我们做完作业.为了做好工作,他们决定在周五之前做准备.在老师们得帮助下,我在本学期取得了很大得进步.The teacher said that we couldn't leave the room unless we finished our homework.In order to do the work well, they decided to make preparations before Friday.With the help of the teachers, I have made a lot of progress this term.34. She agreed to stay with me for a couple of days.35. We are very much surprised that he should have set the prisoners free.36. What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.她同意跟我在一起呆几天.他竟然把那些犯人放走了,我们感到非常吃惊.他在会上所说的话使在场的每个人都感到吃惊.他同意尽快来帮助我们.她竟然写出这么好的作文,我们感到非常高兴.他在学校所做的事使他父母非常生气.He agreed to come to our help as soon as possible.We are very glad that she should have written so good a composition.What he did at school made his parents very angry.37. John told me that he was brought up by his uncle.38. Jack asked me to buy him some envelopes on my way home.39. Last Sunday morning, I went to the station to meet my uncle.约翰告诉我他是由他叔叔抚养大的.杰克告诉我他因为迟到而受到了老师的惩罚.Jack told us that he was punished by his teacher for being late.杰克要我在回家的路上给他买一些信封.汤姆要他兄弟在去看电影的路上帮他寄封信.Tom asked his brother to post a letter for him on his way to the cinema.上个星期天的上午,我去车站接我叔叔.昨天下午,他去邮局寄了一封信.Yesterday afternoon, he went to the post office to post a letter.40. The teacher gave him a piece of paper and asked him to write a composition.41. Frankly speaking, I don't quite agree with what he just said.42. As far as I am concerned, I don't like this kind of music.老师给他一张纸,让他写一篇作文.他父亲递给他一把铁锹,让他挖一个坑.His father handed him a spade and asked him to dig a hole.坦率的说,我不太同意他刚才说的话.一般说来,孩子们对一切都很好奇.Generally speaking, children are always curious about everything.就我而言,我不喜欢这种音乐.就我所知,她有一个兄弟在上海工作.As far as I know, she has got a brother working in Shanghai.43. If you don't work hard, how can you expect to pass all the exams44. One evening, I went out for a walk with my mother.45. The photos reminded him of his happy childhood.如果你不努力学习,你怎么指望通过所有这些考试呢如果你不尊敬他们,你怎么能指望他们尊重你呢If you don't respect them, how can you expect them to respect you有一天晚上,我和母亲一起出去散步.有一天早上,我和爷爷一起去钓鱼.One morning, I went fishing with my grandpa.这些照片使他想起了他快乐的童年.这本旧书使我想起了那段悲痛的经历.The old book reminded me of the sad experience.46. Mr White agreed to look into the matter himself.47. Watching too much TV will do harm to your eyes.48. It is reported that lots of people are worried about the result.怀特先生同意亲自调查此事.史密斯先生没有同意亲自照顾这个婴儿.Mr Smith didn't agree to look after the baby himself.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害.早锻炼对你的健康有好处.Doing exercise in the morning will do good to your health.据报道,很多人对这个结果担忧.据说,校长对你的工作很满意.It is said that the headmaster is satisfied with your work.49. The book is made up of fifteen chapters.50. He left his hometown at the age of twelve and has never been heard of ever since.51. It looked as if there were no more fish left in the lake.这本书由十五个章节组成.这个委员会由九位成员组成,七男两女.The committee is made up of nine members, seven man and two women.他十二岁时离开家乡,此后再无音讯.她是去年夏天去那里的,已经在那里呆了好几个月了.She went there last summer and has stayed there for several months.看起来这湖里没剩下什么鱼了.看起来这湖水似乎受到了严重污染.It looks as if the water in the lake has become seriously polluted.52. Doctor Li often uses some advanced instruments to treat his patients.53. Once you show any fear, the dog will attack you.54. To buy these gifts, I think, is really a waste of money.李医生经常使用一些先进的仪器治疗他的病人.杰克很少使用先进的仪器做实验.Jack seldom uses the advanced instruments to do his experiments.一旦你显出惧怕的样子,这条狗就会向你进攻.一旦你见到他,你就会永远忘不了他.Once you see him, you will never forget him.我想,买这些礼品确实是浪费钱.我想,试图说服他确实是浪费时间.To try to persuade him, I think, is really a waste of time.55. No matter what she is, she must pay for her meals.56. In this way, you can find out how many people are using the machine.57. He made a telephone call to Jack and told him what to do.不管她是谁,她吃饭必须要付钱.不管他住的离这里有多远,他上学从不迟到.No matter how far he lives away from here, he is never late for school.以这种方式,你就可以查出来有多少人在使用这台机器.以这种方式,你就可以很容易地解决这个问题.In this way, you can solve the problem easily.他给杰克打了个电话,告诉他该做什么.他给我留了个条子,告诉我如何解决这个问题.He left me a note and told me how to solve the problem.58. I think we should fix a date for the next meeting now.59. Almost all the newspapers carried this important news.60. He expressed his satisfaction with the result and added he would work harder. 我想我们现在应该为下一次会议定个日期.我想我们应该在做任何其他事情之前认真考虑此事.I think we ought to consider the matter carefully before we do anything else.几乎所有的报纸都登载了这个重要新闻.几乎所有的学生都同意帮助那个有残疾的男孩.Almost all the students agreed to help the disabled boy.他对结果表示满意,并补充说他将更加努力地工作.校长对我们的工作表示满意,并补充说他将在下次会上表扬我们.The headmaster expressed his satisfaction with our work and added he would praise us at the next meeting.61. It was the old lady who attended his wife when she was ill.62. I don't care whether he quarreled with my brother.63. His father was fired by a company one month ago.正是那位老太太在他妻子生病时照顾她.我不在家时正是那位老人照看我的孩子.It was the old man who looked after my children while I was away.我不在乎他是否跟我的兄弟吵过架.我不在乎他是不是通过了驾驶测试.I don't care whether he passed the driving test or not.一个月前,他父亲被一家公司解雇了.上个星期一他妹妹受到了老师的惩罚.His sister was punished by her teacher last Monday.64. They often kill time by playing cards and chess on Sundays.65. At the foot of the mountain, there flowed a small river.66. If you don't like the house, I can try and find another for you.每逢星期天,他们经常是打牌,下棋来消磨时间.我们不应当用看电视或是听音乐来消磨时间.We shouldn't kill time by watching TV or listening to music.山脚下有(流淌着) 一条小河.小山的脚下有(耸立着)一座五百年前建的古庙.At the foot of the hill, there stood an old temple built five years ago.如果你不喜欢这座房子,我可以试着再给你另找一座.如果你不喜欢这个包,我可以说服你父亲再给你另买一个.If you don't like the bag, I can persuade your father to buy you another one.67. We'd better put off the plan till next year because we can't get enough money at present.68. As soon as he got out of the car, he was surrounded by a group of journalists.69. The city where I live is an old city set up two thousand years ago.我们最好把这个计划推迟到明年,因为我们目前弄不到足够的钱.我们最好把这个会议推迟到下周,因为太多的人缺席.We'd better put off the meeting till next week because so many people are absent.他一从车里出来就被一群记者包围住了.那位著名的歌手一进入大厅就被一群激动的歌迷围住了.As soon as the famous singer entered the hall, he was surrounded by a group of excited fans.我住的那座城市是一座两千年前建的古城.我昨天读的那本书是老舍写的一部小说.The book I read yesterday was a novel written by Lao She.70. My grandma always tells us never to waste any food.71. Finally I realized that the letter was not intended for me.72. What she should do is to help them to help themselves.我爷爷总是告诉我们千万别浪费粮食.老师要你别浪费水.The teacher told you not to waste any water.最后我意识到,那封信不是写给我的.最后他意识到他父母挣钱是不容易的.Finally he realized that it was no easy job for his parents to make money.她应该做的事情是帮助他们自助.你应该做的事情是鼓励学生(开口)讲.What you should do is to encourage the students to speak.73. The question is whether the price is worth paying.74. The book is cheap and at the same time informative.75. At that time she was waiting for a long distance call.问题在于是否值得付出这样的代价.问题在于您是否应当在课堂上表扬他.The question is whether you should praise him in class.这本书售价便宜,内容又丰富.你昨天看的电影很有趣,同时又具有教育意义.The film you saw last night is interesting and at the same time instructive.那时她正在等一个长途电话.那时他正在和父母一起吃晚饭.At that time he was having supper with his parents.76. The teacher encouraged me to make up my mind to catch up with the rest of the class.77. As long as we rely on the masses, I'm sure the task will be finished on time.78. As far as I know, Jack is now in charge of an important department.老师鼓励我下定决心赶上班里的其他同学.总统号召人民全力以赴赶上发达国家.The president called on the people to go all out to catch up with the developed countries. 只要我们依靠群众,我相信,任务就一定会按时完成.只要我们坚持这项计划,我们就一定能成功.As long as we stick to this plan, we are sure to succeed.据我所知,杰克现在负责一个重要部门.据我所知,三班现在由怀特先生负责.As far as I know, Class Three is now in the charge of Mr. White.79. Tom was very disappointed when he heard the disappointing news.80. It's nearly ten years since we moved into the small village.81. The population of the city will be decreased by 10% by the end of 2008.汤姆听到这个令人失望的消息非常失望.我听到这个令人激动的消息非常激动.I was very excited when I heard the exciting news.自从我们搬到这个小村庄已经将近十年了.自从他来我市学习已经五年多了.It is more than five years since he came to study in our city.到2008年年底为止这个城市的人口将增加百分之十.到明年年底为止这个工厂的产量将增加百分之十五.The production of the factory will be increased by 15% by the end of next year.82. Do you plan to attend the meeting to be held next week83. It is said that he made an exciting speech at the meeting.84. You should try your best to get the students to practice by themselves.你打算参加下周召开的会议吗她已经决定参加下个月举行的运动会了吗Has she decided to take part in the sports meet to be held next month据说他在会上作了一个令人激动的演讲.据说他拒绝在会上发言.It is said that he refused to speak at the meeting.你应当尽力让学生自己练习.我们应当尽力在工作中帮助他们.We should try our best to help them with the work.85. The teacher doesn't allow the students to enter the teachers' office without permission.86. I insist that you should talk to your father about it.87. He often encourages me to do better in my English studies.老师不允许学生未经许可进入教师办公室.他父亲不允许他不经许可使用他的电脑.His father doesn't allow him to use his computer without permission.我坚持要你跟你父亲谈谈此事.我建议你邀请他参加我们小组.I suggest that you should invite him to join our group.他经常鼓励我把英语学习搞得更好.他的同学都鼓励他改掉这些坏习惯.All his classmates encourage him to get rid of the bad habits.88. What happened proved that he hadn't given us any help.89. We requested that he tell us a story about the Long March.90. Frankly speaking, we are very much worried about their safety.所发生的事情证明了他并没有给我们任何帮助.所发生的事情说明他并不愿意帮助我们.What happened shows that he is unwilling to help us.我们要求他给我们讲一个长征的故事.他们建议你要求那位老教授参加我们的讨论.They suggested that you invite the old professor to join in our discussion.坦率的说,我们非常担心他们的安全.就我所知,他们根本不担心实验的结果.As far as I know, they are not worried about the result of the experiment at all.91. A new hospital is being built near our school.92. Although the computer is small, it can store a lot of information.93. It's impossible for us to avoid meeting this kind of people.我们学校附近正在建一个新医院.我的家乡正在建设一条新铁路.A new railway is being built in my hometown.尽管这台电脑很小,它可以储存大量的信息.尽管他很疲劳,他也不愿停下来休息一下.Although he was very tired, he would not stop to have a rest.我们想避免碰到这种人是不可能的.你想避免碰到大量的困难是不可能的.It's impossible for you to avoid coming across a lot of difficulties.94. Then we decided to organize a trip to Qingdao.95. What will you say if someone praises you for your good English96. He suggests that we review our lessons by asking each other questions.接着,他们决定组织一次旅游去青岛.接着,他们决定停止向那个地区提供食品.Then they decided to stop providing food to that area.如果有人夸你英语很好,你会说什么如果他要你借给他一些钱你会怎么办What will you do if he asks you to lend him some money他建议,我们(可以)通过彼此提问来复习功课.她建议我们通过定期写信的方式来保持联系.She suggests that we keep in touch with each other by writing letters regularly.97. He just wanted to know how to write an English composition.98. The professor simply doesn't understand why the boy has so many strange ideas.99. He told the girl that he wanted to send a letter to Singapore.他只是想知道怎么样写一篇英语作文.老师只是想弄清楚谁打破了窗子.The teacher just wanted to find out who broke the window.那位教授简直不明白那个孩子为什么有那么多奇怪的想法.他简直不明白他爷爷怎么会在回家的路上迷了路.He simply doesn't understand how his grandpa got lost on the way home.他告诉那姑娘他想往新加坡寄封信.她告诉我说她想给她母亲挑一件礼物.She told me that she wanted to choose a present for her mother.100. The next day he asked me to go to his office for an interview.101. What you should do is to choose a topic and write a composition.102. When we got there, we found the hall already filled with people.第二天,他要我去他办公室面试/见面.第二天,他们邀请我去那个学院参观一个艺术展览.The next day they invited me to visit an art exhibition in that college.你所要做的事情就是选一个题目,写一篇作文.你现在所要做的事情就是给她写封信表示道歉.What you should do now is to write her a letter and make an apology.当我们到达那里时,我们发现大厅里已经坐满了人.当我们到达那个村庄时,我们发现太阳已经下山了.When we arrived at the village, we found the sun already set down behind the hills. 103. He immediately took off his clothes and jumped into the lake.104. Two hours passed, but he still didn't turn up.105. She has already made up her mind to go to the south with him.他立刻脱掉衣服跳进湖里.他立即放下笔冲出了房间.He put down his pen at once and rushed out of the room.两个小时过去了.可他还没有露面.两个星期过去了,那个小村庄仍然被敌人的士兵包围着.Two weeks passed, but the small village was still surrounded by the enemy soldiers.她已经打定注意跟他一起去南方.我们已经打定注意帮助他摆脱困境.We have already made up our mind to help him out of trouble.106. He asked the boss to give him a chance to try this method.107. As soon as they got there, they began to climb the mountains.108. I gave him a telephone call at once and advised him to give up smoking.他要求老板给他一个机会来试一试这种方法.他们要求我借给他们一些钱来购买这种材料.They asked me to lend them some money to buy this material.他们一到那里就开始爬山了.我们一到那里就开始为那位老太太打扫房子.As soon as we got there, we began to clean the house for the old lady.我立即给他打了个电话劝他戒烟.我立即给他写了一封信鼓励他更加努力工作.I wrote him a letter at once and encourage him to work harder.109. I like my grandma, for she is good at telling stories.110. I was about to leave home when a neighbour came to borrow my bike.111. There are five buildings in our school, three of which were set up last year.我喜欢我的奶奶,因为她会讲故事.我不喜欢我的小弟弟,因为他老是撒谎.I don't like my little brother, for he is always telling lies.我正要离开家,这时一位邻居来借我的自行车.我们正要进入大厅,这时一群孩子冲了出来.We were about to enter the hall when a group of children rushed out.我们学校有五座大楼,其中三座是去年建的.我们学习小组有六名成员,其中四位已经受到了老师的表扬.There are six members in our study group, four of whom have been praised by the teacher. 112. Alice is always the first to come to school.113. I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some in case.114. This is the book I told you about; I borrowed it from Professor Li yesterday.爱丽丝总是第一个来学校.我们的物理老师总是最后一个离开实验室.Our physics teacher is always the last to leave the lab.我想我不需要钱,不过我还是带一点以防万一.我想我们不需要这种材料,不过我们还是买一点以防万一.I don't think we'll need this kind of material now but we'll buy some in case.这就是我跟你说过的那本书;我昨天从李教授那儿借的.这就是我跟你说过的那个手提箱;我是上个星期在公园拣到的.This is the suitcase I told you about; I found it in the park last week.115. The teacher suggested that each student have an English-English dictionary.116. There is a newly opened supermarket nearby, where you can get what you want. 117. Do you still remember the place where we first met老师建议每个学生备一本英-英词典.数学老师建议学生课后多做练习.The maths teacher suggested the students do more exercises after class.附近有一家新开张的超市,在那里你可以买到你想要的东西.我们区有一个大的图书馆,在那里你可以借到你想要的书.There is a big library in our district, where you can borrow the books you want.你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗你还记得高一时教我们的英语老师吗Do you still remember the English teacher who taught us in Senior One118. Don't forget to return the magazine to the reading room when you finish reading it. 119. Did you remember to pay the money back to Jack120. He had promised to get a ticket for you, but he didn't.你看完这本杂志以后别忘了还给阅览室.你做完实验以后别忘了把灯关上.Don't forget to turn off the lights when you finish doing your experiment.你有没有记住把钱还给杰克你离开实验室时有没有记住锁门Did you remember to lock the door when you left the lab他答应给您弄张票的,可他没有弄到.他们答应帮我们进行工作的,可他们并没有帮忙.They had promised to help us in the work, but they didn't.121. He wanted to join the army but was turned down because he was not old enough. 122. Why did you throw the bottle out of the window123. Would you rather watch TV or go out for a walk他想参军可是被拒绝了,因为他年龄不够大.我想参加他的俱乐部可是被拒绝了,因为我太小.I wanted to join his club but was turned down because I was too young.你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外你为什么藏在门后面Why did you hide yourself behind the door您是愿意看电视呢,还是想出去散步您是愿意打的还是想乘公共汽车Would you rather take a taxi or go by bus124. Do you think it possible for us to visit the small town again125. I don't know what he bought some cigarettes for.126. You should have well prepared for the speech.你觉得我们有可能再次参观这个小镇吗你觉得她有可能再有一次机会试一试运气吗Do you think it possible for her to have another chance to try her luck我不知道他买香烟干什么用.你知不知道我们老师代个大袋子来干什么.Do you know what our teacher brought a big bag for。
英汉互译英汉
英汉互译英汉任务概述本任务旨在介绍英汉互译的基本概念、方法和技巧，以及在实际应用中的一些注意事项。
通过学习本文，读者将了解到如何进行准确、流畅的英汉互译，并掌握一些提高翻译质量的有效技巧。
目录1.什么是英汉互译？2.英汉互译的方法和技巧–直译与意译–注意语言特点和文化差异–掌握常用翻译工具和资源–练习与积累经验3.英汉互译的实际应用–文学作品翻译–商务文件翻译–跨文化交流中的翻译4.注意事项和常见问题解答1. 什么是英汉互译？英汉互译是指将英语文本转换为中文或将中文文本转换为英语的过程。
它是跨越不同语言和文化之间进行沟通和交流的重要桥梁。
在全球化时代，英汉互译扮演着至关重要的角色，涉及到各个领域，如文学、商务、科技等。
英汉互译的目标是准确传达原文的意思，并尽可能地保持语言风格和文化特色的一致。
翻译不仅仅是简单地将单词和句子进行替换，更要考虑语境、语气和表达方式等因素，以使译文自然流畅、易于理解。
2. 英汉互译的方法和技巧直译与意译在英汉互译中，有时可以采用直译（literal translation）的方式，即逐字逐句地翻译原文。
直译能够保持原文的结构和形式，但可能会忽略了目标语言的表达习惯和习惯用法。
因此，在实际应用中，常常需要进行意译（free translation），即根据目标语言和读者的习惯，在保持原意基础上进行灵活翻译。
注意语言特点和文化差异英汉两种语言有着不同的语法结构、表达方式和习惯用法。
在进行英汉互译时，需要注意这些差异，并根据具体情况进行调整。
同时，还要了解中英两种文化的背景和差异，以避免因文化差异而导致翻译错误或不当表达。
掌握常用翻译工具和资源在进行英汉互译时，可以借助各种翻译工具和资源来提高效率和准确性。
例如，使用在线词典、术语库和语料库等资源可以帮助理解原文，并找到合适的翻译。
同时，也可以使用机器翻译软件进行初步翻译，然后再进行人工润色和修正。
练习与积累经验英汉互译是一项需要不断练习和积累经验的技能。
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化整为零：英语长句的翻译
一· 保留语序——顺拆法
顺拆法是指在英译汉过程中，按原文行文的先后顺序或按内容的逻辑顺序， 依次译出的翻译方法。 【例1】It is important to remember that the composition of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification， and such variations in composition，impurity elements and also grainsize caused in hot-working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical 学成份在其规定范围内可能发生一些变 化，这样一些在热加工过程中引起的存在于成份、杂质元素、还有品粒大 小上的变化，将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异。 原句由一个主句、两个宾语从句组成。由于原句的表达与汉语的表达是基 本一致的，因此整个句子的翻译按照原句的语序顺译即可。
四· 句子重组——重构拆译法
重构拆译法要求在准确地领会· 把握原文的基础上， 打破原文的结构，灵活自如地表达出原文的信息· 含 义。
【例5】With the same number of protons,all nuclei of a give nelement may have different numbers of neutrons. 虽然某个元素的所有原子核都含有相同数目的质子， 但他们含有的中子数可能不同。 原句中的一个简单句被译成了两个主谓句，with引 导的借此短语译成了独立句子。
【例6】Great efforts will be made to achieve advancement and independent innovation of technology,which will lead to improve safetyd and costefficiency of nucler power reactors and competitiveness of nuclear power. 我们将更努力实现先进的技术和技术的自我更新，这将 提高核反应堆的安全和成本效益及核电的综合性能。 原句中which引导的定语从句没有采用内嵌法翻译，而是 将其译成一个独立的分句，与主句呈顺承关系。
三· 译词成句——抽词拆译法
抽词拆译法是把原文中较长的句了成份，或不易安 排的句子成份拆译成汉语短语或独立句。 【例4】The close spacing of conductor sand the presence of solid in sulation between them results in the capacitance of cables being much greater perunit length than that of overhead lines． (电缆)导线问间距极近并存在着绝缘物，这会住电缆 中产生电容。其每一单位长度的电容量较架空线路 每一单位长度的电容量大得多。
二· 颠倒语序——逆拆法
改变原文顺序，逆着英语原文的顺序从 原文的后面译起，以符合汉语表达习惯， 这叫变序洋译法，也叫逆译法或倒译法。
【例3】Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century，because nowhere in nature is it found free，owing to its always being combined with other elements,most conmmolny with oxygen,for which it has strong affinity． 铝总是和其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是和氧结 合在一起，因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力，由于这个 原因，在自然界中任何地方都找不到游离状态的铝； 所以· 直到十九世纪人们才知道有铝。
短语the presence of solid in sulation between them 是名词化结构，定语of solid in sulation between them和中心语prcsence逻辑上是主谓关系，汉译时 该名次短语译作汉语小短语。从逻辑层面上，宾语 capacitance与宾语补足语being much grearter perunit length than that of overhead lines具有逻辑主 谓关系，也译作主谓句。
【例2】The civil engineer must be able to select and utilize effectively the products provided by the other branches of the profession developing consumer goods，such as the materials of construction and industry，including steel， timber，concrete and many other materials；and engaging the modern application and use of steam， electric and gas power engines and machines． 土建工程师一定要能够有效地选择和利用本行业和其他 部门提供的产品。这些部门有的是研制消耗品的，例如 结构材料和工业用材料，包括钢材、木材、混凝土和其 他许多材料；有的研究蒸汽、电力和煤气发动机与机械 的现代应用方法。