【经济学人】13 The conservative crush
TheEconomist《经济学人》常用词汇总结我眼泪都流出来了太珍.
两种变量系统地相互联系在一起的程度。
307、Cost ，average 平均成本等于总成本（参见 "总成本" ， cost ，total ）除以产出的单位数。
The Economist 《经济学人》常用词汇总结 我眼泪都流出来了 太珍The Economist 《经济学人》常用词汇总结 我眼泪都流出来了 太珍贵了 !! 16 小时前 301、Consumption function 消费函数 总消费与个人可支配收人（ PDI ） 认为会对消费产生影响。
的数值对应关系。
总财富和其他变量也常被 302、Consumption-possibility line 消费可能线 见预算线（ budget line ）。
303、Cooperative equilibrium合作性均衡 博弈论中，指各方协调行动，以求共同的支付（ joint pay － offs ）最优化的 策略而达到的结果。
304、Corporate income tax 公司所得税对公司年净收入课征的税收。
305、Corporation 公司 现代资本主义经济中企业组织的主要形式。
它是由个人或其他公司所拥有的 企业，具有与个人一样的购买、销售和签订合同的权利。
公司和对公司负 责任" 的所有人二者，在法律上是不同的概念。
"有限306、Correlation相关308、Cost ，average fixed 平均固定成本等于固定成本除以产出的单位数。
309、Cost，average variable 平均可变成本等于可变成本（参见" 可变成本" ，cost ，variable ）除以产出的单位数。
310、Cost ，fixed 固定成本一企业在某时段即使在产量为零时也会发生的成本。
总固定成本由诸如利息支出、抵押支出、管理者费用等契约性开支所组成。
311、Cost ，marginal 边际成本多生产1 单位产品所增加的成本（或总成本的增加额），或少生产1 单位产品总成本的减少额。
经济学人 20230629 Sichuan peppers 精读
20230629 The curious, anaesthetising charm of Sichuan pepperscurious adj.奇特的，离奇古怪的anaesthetize vt.使麻醉／ə＇ni：sθətaiz／anaesthetic adj.麻醉的／ænəs＇θetik／anaesthesia n.麻醉／ænəs＇θi：ziə／adventurous adj.新奇的The menu contained traditional favourites as well as more adventurous dishes.这份菜单有受欢迎的传统菜，也有较为新奇的菜肴。
Like some other adventurous foods, they expand your sense of what eating can do to you“Polysemous” describes a word with several meanings, such as “run”, “set”, or, in the kitchen, “pepper”. That term encompasses the entire Capsicum annuum family, from vegetal green bell peppers to searing little Thai chillies. It includes dried, powdered Piperaceae berries, known as black and white pepper, as well as one of the strangest and most addictive spices in the world: Zanthoxylum simulans, more commonly known as Sichuan pepper.polysemous adj.一词多义的polysemy n.一词多义poly-多，众polygon n.多边形pentagon n.五边形polyglot adj.多语言的encompass vt.包含compass n.指南针；范围encase vt.把······装入到盒子里family n.（动植物的）科genus n.属species n.种Capsicum annuym n.一年生辣椒binomial nomenclature n.双名法Tyrannosaurus rex n.霸王龙Homo sapiens n.智人vegetal adj.植物的bell pepper n.甜椒searing adj.灼热的，火辣辣的Thai chilli n.泰国辣椒，鸟眼椒peppercorn n.胡椒粒Whereas ordinary peppercorns grow on vines, Sichuan peppers are berries of the prickly-ash tree and part of the citrus family. They come in red and green varieties; the red has an earthily floral taste, where the green is more astringent. Their most pronounced feature, however, is not their flavour but their effect on the mouth: they contain a chemical called hydroxy-alpha-sanshool, which induces a tingling numbness in the lips and tongue, a bit like being subjected to a long but mild electric shock.prickly-ash tree n.花椒树citrus n.柑橘属Rutaceae n.芸香科variety n.品种grape variety n.葡萄品种earthy adj.泥土的floral adj.花的flora n.植物群fauna n.动物群where conj.然而Sometimes a teacher will be listened to, where a parent might not. 有时教师的话会听，而父母的话可能就不听。
经济学人中英双语对照精读笔记合集汇总
经济学⼈中英双语对照精读笔记合集汇总1、经济学⼈中英双语对照精读笔记TE20210529，Leaders | Two states or one? 两个国家还是⼀个？TE20210605，Leaders | Geopolitics and business 地缘政治和商业TE20210612，Leaders | Bunged up 绿⾊能源的发展瓶颈TE20210619，Leaders | Broadbandits ⽹络盗匪TE20210626，Asia | Unlawfully wed ⼩⼩新娘TE20210703，Leaders | The long goodbye 漫长的告别TE20210710，Leaders | Fault lines in the world economy 世界经济断层线TE20210717，Leaders | Rule of lawlessness 南⾮法治之战TE20210724，Leaders | No safe place ⽆处容⾝TE20210724，China | Surfing: Mother ocean 乘风破浪的姐姐，浪尖上的新风尚TE20210731，Leaders | Dashed hopes 破灭的希望，新兴国家的出路在何⽅？TE20210814，Leaders | Last Chance 美国还能拯救阿富汗？TE20210821，Leaders | Biden’s debacle 拜登⼤溃败TE20210904，Asia | Prostitution in Indonesia: Perverse outcomes 印度尼西亚卖淫问题：反常的结果TE20210911，Leaders | Why nations that fail women fail 为什么辜负⼥性的国家会失败？TE20211016，Leaders | The energy shock 能源冲击TE20211023，Leaders | Instant economics 即时经济2、其它外刊中英双语对照精读笔记内部揭秘：《经济学⼈》图表原来是⽤这些⼯具制作的出乎意料，权威杂志《⾃然》报道祝融号⽕星探测器的最新情况太阳报世界独家爆料：以权谋私、出轨⼥助理！英国卫⽣⼤⾂汉考克与⼥下属办公室热吻摸臀《柳叶⼑》最新研究论⽂：新冠病毒让⼈变笨！The Year Flu Disappeared 流感消失的那⼀年美国亏⽋那些冒着⽣命危险帮助过他们的阿富汗⼈解密美国情报局对情报质量是如何定义的？俄罗斯总理不为⼈知的⼀⾯，竟然出了⼀道初中数学题。
《经济学人》中英对照
（15）《经济学人》中英对照TEXT 1 Rebuilding the American dream chine 重建美国梦机器 Jan 19th xx | NEW YORK From The Economist print edition FOR America's colleges, January is a month of reckoning. Most applications for the next academic year beginning in the autumn have to be de by the end of De mber, so a university's popularity is put to an objective standard: how ny people want to attend. One of the more unlikely offi s to have been flooded with il is that of the City University of New York (CUNY), a public college that lacks, among other things, a famous sports team, bucolic campuses and raucous parties (it doesn't even have dorms), and, until re ntly, academic credibility. 对美国的大学而言，一月是一个清算的月份。
大多数要进入将于秋季开学的下一学年学习的申请必须在12月底前完成，因此一所大学的声望就有了客观依据：申请人的多少。
纽约城市大学，一所公立学院，与其他学校相比，它没有一支声名显赫的运动队，没有田园诗一般的校园，也没有喧嚣嘈杂的派对——甚至连宿舍都没有，而且，直到最近也没取得学术上的可信度，可就是这所大学的办公室塞满了学生们寄来的申请函，这简直有些令人难以置信。
《经济学人》杂志原版英文(整理完整版)之欧阳学创编
Digest Of The. Economist.2006(6-7)Hard to digestA wealth of genetic information is to be found in the human gutBACTERIA, like people, can be divided into friend and foe. Inspired by evidence that the friendly sort may help with a range of ailments, many people consume bacteria in the form of yogurts and dietary supplements. Such a smattering of artificial additions, however, represents but a drop in the ocean. There are at least 800 types of bacteria living in the human gut. And research by Steven Gill of the Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland, and his colleagues, published in this week's Science, suggests that the collective genome of these organisms is so large that it contains 100 times as many genes as the human genome itself.Dr Gill and his team were able to come to this conclusion by extracting bacterial DNA from the faeces of two volunteers. Because of the complexity of the samples, they were not able to reconstruct the entire genomes of each of the gut bacteria,just the individual genes. But that allowed them to make an estimate of numbers.What all these bacteria are doing is tricky to identify—the bacteria themselves are difficult to cultivate. So the researchers guessed at what they might be up to by comparing the genes they discovered with published databases of genes whose functions are already known.This comparison helped Dr Gill identify for the first time the probable enzymatic processes by which bacteria help humans to digest the complex carbohydrates in plants. The bacteria also contain a plentiful supply of genes involved in the synthesis of chemicals essential to human life—including two B vitamins and certain essential amino acids—although the team merely showed that these metabolic pathways exist rather than proving that they are used. Nevertheless, the pathways they found leave humans looking more like ruminants: animals such as goats and sheep that use bacteria to break down otherwise indigestible matter in the plants they eat.The broader conclusion Dr Gill draws is that people are superorganisms whose metabolism represents an amalgamation of human and microbial attributes. The notionof a superorganism has emerged before, as researchers in otherfields have come to view humans as having a diverse internal ecosystem. This, suggest some, will be crucial to the successof personalised medicine, as different people will have different responses to drugs, depending on their microbial flora. Accordingly, the next step, says Dr Gill, is to see how microbial populations vary between people of different ages, backgrounds and diets.Another area of research is the process by which these helpful bacteria first colonise the digestive tract. Babies acquire their gut flora as they pass down the birth canal and take a gene-filled gulp of their mother's vaginal and faecal flora. It might not be the most delicious of first meals, but it could well be an important one.Zapping the bluesThe rebirth of electric-shock treatmentELECTRICITY has long been used to treat medical disorders. As early as the second century AD, Galen, a Greek physician, recommended the use of electric eels for treating headaches and facial pain. In the 1930s Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini, two Italian psychiatrists, used electroconvulsive therapy to treat schizophrenia. These days, such rigorous techniques are practised less widely. But researchers are still investigatinghow a gentler electric therapy appears to treat depression.Vagus-nerve stimulation, to give it its proper name, was originally developed to treat severe epilepsy. It requires a pacemaker-like device to be implanted in a patient's chest and wires from it threaded up to the vagus nerve on the left side of his neck. In the normal course of events, this provides an electrical pulse to the vagus nerve for 30 seconds every five minutes.This treatment does not always work, but in some cases where it failed (the number of epileptic seizures experienced by a patient remaining the same), that patient nevertheless reported feeling much better after receiving the implant. This secondary effect led to trials for treating depression and, in 2005, America's Food and Drug Administration approved the therapy for depression that fails to respond to all conventional treatments, including drugs and psychotherapy.Not only does the treatment work, but its effects appear to be long lasting. A study led by Charles Conway of Saint Louis University in Missouri, and presented to a recent meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, has found that 70% of patients who are better after one year stay better after two years as well.The technique builds on a procedure called deep-brain stimulation, in which electrodes are implanted deep into the white matter of patients' brains and used to “reboot” faulty neural circuitry. Such an operation is a big undertaking, requiring a full day of surgery and carrying a risk of the patient suffering a stroke. Only a small number of people have been treated this way. In contrast, the device that stimulates the vagus nerve can be implanted in 45 minutes without a stay in hospital.The trouble is that vagus-nerve stimulation can take a long time to produce its full beneficial effect. According to Dr Conway, scans taken using a technique called positron-emission tomography show significant changes in brain activity starting three months after treatment begins. The changes are similar to the improvements seen in patients who undergo other forms of antidepression treatment. The brain continues to change over the following 21 months. Dr Conway says that patients should be told that the antidepressant effects could be slow in coming.However, Richard Selway of King's College Hospital, London, found that his patients' moods improved just weeks after the implant. Although brain scans are useful indetermining the longevity of the treatment, Mr Selway notes that visible changes in the brain do not necessarily correlate perfectly with changes in mood.Nobody knows why stimulating the vagus nerve improves the mood of depressed patients, but Mr Selway has a theory. He believes that the electrical stimulation causes a region in the brain stem called the locus caeruleus (Latin, ironically, for “blue place”) to flood the brain with norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter implicated in alertness, concentration and motivation—that is, the mood states missing in depressed patients. Whatever the mechanism, for the depressed a therapy that is relatively safe and long lasting is rare cause for cheer. The shape of things to comeHow tomorrow's nuclear power stations will differ from today'sTHE agency in charge of promoting nuclear power in America describes a new generation of reactors that will be “highly economical” with “enhanced safety”, that “minimise wastes” and will prove “proliferation resistant”. No doubt they will bake a mean apple pie, too.Unfortunately, in the world of nuclear energy, fine words are not enough. America got away lightly with its nuclearaccident. When the Three Mile Island plant in Pennsylvania overheated in 1979 very little radiation leaked, and there were no injuries. Europe was not so lucky. The accident at Chernobyl in Ukraine in 1986 killed dozens immediately and has affected (sometimes fatally) the health of tens of thousands at the least. Even discounting the association of nuclear power with nuclear weaponry, people have good reason to be suspicious of claims that reactors are safe.Yet political interest in nuclear power is reviving across the world, thanks in part to concerns about global warming and energy security. Already, some 441 commercial reactors operate in 31 countries and provide 17% of the planet's electricity, according to America's Department of Energy. Until recently, the talk was of how to retire these reactors gracefully. Now it is of how to extend their lives. In addition, another 32 reactors are being built, mostly in India, China and their neighbours. These new power stations belong to what has been called the third generation of reactors, designs that have been informed by experience and that are considered by their creators to be advanced. But will these new stations really be safer than their predecessors?Clearly, modern designs need to be less accident prone.The most important feature of a safe design is that it “fails safe”. Fo r a reactor, this means that if its control systems stop working it shuts down automatically, safely dissipates the heat produced by the reactions in its core, and stops both the fuel and the radioactive waste produced by nuclear reactions from escaping by keeping them within some sort of containment vessel. Reactors that follow such rules are called “passive”. Most modern designs are passive to some extent and some newer ones are truly so. However, some of the genuinely passive reactors are also likely to be more expensive to run.Nuclear energy is produced by atomic fission. A large atom (usually uranium or plutonium) breaks into two smaller ones, releasing energy and neutrons. The neutrons then trigger further break-ups. And so on. If this “chain reaction” can be controlled, the energy released can be used to boil water, produce steam and drive a turbine that generates electricity. If it runs away, the result is a meltdown and an accident (or, in extreme circumstances, a nuclear explosion—though circumstances are never that extreme in a reactor because the fuel is less fissile than the material in a bomb). In many new designs the neutrons, and thus the chain reaction, are kept under control by passing them through water to slow themdown. (Slow neutrons trigger more break ups than fast ones.) This water is exposed to a pressure of about 150 atmospheres—a pressure that means it remains liquid even at high temperatures. When nuclear reactions warm the water, its density drops, and the neutrons passing through it are no longer slowed enough to trigger further reactions. That negative feedback stabilises the reaction rate.Can business be cool?Why a growing number of firms are taking global warming seriouslyRUPERT MURDOCH is no green activist. But in Pebble Beach later this summer, the annual gathering of executivesof Mr Murdoch's News Corporation—which last year led to a dramatic shift in the media conglomerate's attitude tothe internet—will be addressed by several leading environmentalists, including a vice-president turned climatechangemovie star. Last month BSkyB, a British satellite-television company chaired by Mr Murdoch and run by hisson, James, declared itself “carbon-neutral”, having taken various steps to cut or offset its discharges of carboninto the atmosphere.The army of corporate greens is growing fast. Late lastyear HSBC became the first big bank to announce that itwas carbon-neutral, joining other financial institutions, including Swiss Re, a reinsurer, and Goldman Sachs, aninvestment bank, in waging war on climate-warming gases (of which carbon dioxide is the main culprit). Last yearGeneral Electric (GE), an industrial powerhouse, launched its “Ecomagination” strategy, aiming to cut its output ofgreenhouse gases and to invest heavily in clean (ie, carbon-free) technologies. In October Wal-Mart announced aseries of environmental schemes, including doubling the fuel-efficiency of its fleet of vehicles within a decade.Tesco and Sainsbury, two of Britain's biggest retailers, are competing fiercely to be the greenest. And on June 7thsome leading British bosses lobbied Tony Blair for a more ambitious policy on climate change, even if that involvesharsher regulation.The greening of business is by no means universal, however. Money from Exxon Mobil, Ford and General Motorshelped pay for television advertisements aired recently in America by the Competitive Enterprise Institute, with thedaft slogan “Carbon dioxide: they call it pollution; we call it life”. Besides, environmentalist critics say, some firmsa re engaged in superficial “greenwash” to boost the image ofessentially climate-hurting businesses. Take BP, themost prominent corporate advocate of action on climate change, with its “Beyond Petroleum” ad campaign, highprofileinvestments in green energy, and even a “carbon calculator” on its website that helps consumers measuretheir personal “carbon footprint”, or overall emissions of carbon. Yet, critics complain, BP's recent record profits arelargely thanks to sales of huge amounts of carbon-packed oil and gas.On the other hand, some free-market thinkers see the support of firms for regulation of carbon as the latestattempt at “regulatory capture”, by those who stand to profit from new rules. Max Schulz of the ManhattanInstitute, a conservative think tan k, notes darkly that “Enron was into pushing the idea of climate change, becauseit was good for its business”.Others argue that climate change has no more place in corporate boardrooms than do discussions of other partisanpolitical issues, such as Darfur or gay marriage. That criticism, at least, is surely wrong. Most of the corporateconverts say they are acting not out of some vague sense of social responsibility, or even personal angst, butbecause climate change creates real business risks and opportunities—from regulatory compliance to insuringclientson flood plains. And although these concerns vary hugely from one company to the next, few firms can besure of remaining unaffected.Testing timesResearchers are working on ways to reduce the need for animal experiments, but new laws mayincrease the number of experiments neededIN AN ideal world, people would not perform experiments on animals. For the people, they are expensive. For theanimals, they are stressful and often painful.That ideal world, sadly, is still some way away. People need new drugs and vaccines. They want protection fromthe toxicity of chemicals. The search for basic scientific answers goes on. Indeed, the European Commission isforging ahead with proposals that will increase the number of animal experiments carried out in the EuropeanUnion, by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical approved for use within the union's borders in the past 25years.Already, the commission has identified 140,000 chemicals that have not yet been tested. It wants 30,000 of theseto be examined right away, and plans to spend between €4 billion-8 billion ($5 billion-10 billion) doing so. Thenumberof animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus, experts reckon, quintuple from just over 1m a yearto about 5m, unless they are saved by some dramatic advances in non-animal testing technology. At the moment,roughly 10% of European animal tests are for general toxicity, 35% for basic research, 45% for drugs andvaccines, and the remaining 10% a varietyof uses such as diagnosing diseases.Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet. But the hunt for substitutes continues, and lastweekend the Middle European Society for Alternative Methods to Animal Testing met in Linz, Austria, to reviewprogress.A good place to start finding alternatives for toxicity tests is the liver—the organ responsible for breaking toxicchemicals down into safer molecules that can then be excreted. Two firms, one large and one small, told themeeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances forlong-term toxic effects.PrimeCyte, the small firm, grows its cells in cultures over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substanceunder investigation. The characteristics of the cells are carefully monitored, to look for changes in theirmicroanatomy.Pfizer,the big firm, also doses its cultures regularly, but rather than studying individual cells in detail, it counts cellnumbers. If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added, that suggests the chemical inquestion is bad for the liver.In principle, these techniques could be applied to any chemical. In practice, drugs (and, in the case of PrimeCyte,food supplements) are top of the list. But that might change if the commission has its way: those 140,000screenings look like a lucrative market, although nobody knows whether the new tests will be ready for use by2009, when the commission proposes that testing should start.Other tissues, too, can be tested independently of animals. Epithelix, a small firm in Geneva, has developed anartificial version of the lining of the lungs. According to Huang Song, one of Epithelix's researchers, the firm'scultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings, and respond in the same way tovarious chemical messengers. Dr Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airbornechemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases.The immune system can be mimicked and tested, too. ProBioGen, a company based in Berlin, is developinganartificial human lymph node which, it reckons, could have prevented the near-disastrous consequences of a drugtrial held in Britain three months ago, in which (despite the drug having passed animal tests) six men sufferedmultiple organ failure and nearly died. The drug the men were given made their immune systems hyperactive.Such a response would, the firm's scientists reckon, have been identified by their lymph node, which is made fromcells that provoke the immune system into a response. ProBioGen's lymph node could thus work better than animaltesting.Another way of cutting the number of animal experiments would be tochange the way that vaccines are tested, according to CoenraadHendriksen of the Netherlands Vaccine Institute. At the moment, allbatches of vaccine are subject to the same battery of tests. DrHendriksen argues that this is over-rigorous. When new vaccine culturesare made, belt-and-braces tests obviously need to be applied. But if abatch of vaccine is derived from an existing culture, he suggests that itneed be tested only to make sure it is identical to the batch from which itis derived. That would require fewer test animals.All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs,vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely oncells ratherthan live animals, useful progress is being made. What is harder to see ishow the use of animals might be banished from fundamental research.Anger managementTo one emotion, men are more sensitive than womenMEN are notoriously insensitive to the emotional world around them. At least, that is the stereotype peddled by athousand women's magazines. And a study by two researchers at the University of Melbourne, in Australia,confirms that men are, indeed, less sensitive to emotion than women, with one important and suggestiveexception. Men are acutely sensitive to the anger of other men.Mark Williams and Jason Mattingley, whose study has just been published in Current Biology, looked at the way aperson's sex affects his or her response to emotionally charged facial expressions. People from all cultures agreeon what six basic expressions of emotion look like. Whether the face before you is expressing anger, disgust, fear,joy, sadness or surprise seems to be recognised universally—which suggests that the expressions involved areinnate, rather than learned.Dr Williams and Dr Mattingley showed the participants intheir study photographs of these emotional expressions inmixed sets of either four or eight. They asked the participants to look for a particular sort of expression, andmeasured the amount of time it took them to find it. The researchers found, in agreement with previous studies,that both men and women identified angry expressions most quickly. But they also found that anger was morequickly identified on a male face than a female one.Moreover, most participants could find an angry face just as quickly when it was mixed in a group of eightphotographs as when it was part of a group of four. That was in stark contrast to the other five sorts of expression,which took more time to find when they had to be sorted from a larger group. This suggests that something in thebrain is attuned to picking out angry expressions, and that it is especially concerned about angry men. Also, thishighly tuned ability seems more important to males than females, since the two researchers found that men pickedout the angry expressions faster than women did, even though women were usually quicker than men to recognizeevery other sort of facial expression.Dr Williams and Dr Mattingley suspect the reason for this is that being able to spot an angry individual quickly hasasurvival advantage—and, since anger is more likely to turn into lethal violence in men than in women, the abilityto spot angry males quickly is particularly valuable.As to why men are more sensitive to anger than women, it is presumably because they are far more likely to getkilled by it. Most murders involve men killing other men—even today the context of homicide is usually aspontaneous dispute over status or sex.The ability to spot quickly that an alpha male is in a foul mood would thus have great survival value. It would allowthe sharp-witted time to choose appeasement, defence or possibly even pre-emptive attack. And, if it is right, thisstudy also confirms a lesson learned by generations of bar-room tough guys and schoolyard bullies: if you wantattention, get angry. The shareholders' revoltA turning point in relations between company owners and bosses?SOMETHING strange has been happening this year at company annual meetings in America:shareholders have been voting decisively against the recommendations of managers. Until now, mostshareholders have, like so many sheep, routinely voted in accordance with the advice of the peopletheyemploy to run the company. This year managers have already been defeated at some 32 companies,including household names such as Boeing, ExxonMobil and General Motors.This shareholders' revolt has focused entirely on one issue: the method by which members of the boardof directors are elected. Shareholder resolutions on other subjects have mostly been defeated, as usual.The successful resolutions called for directors to be elected by majority voting, instead of by thetraditional method of “plurality”—which in practice meant that only votes cast in favour were counted,and that a single vote for a candidate would be enough to get him elected.Several companies, led by Pfizer, a drug giant, saw defeat looming and pre-emptively adopted a formalmajority-voting policy that was weaker than in the shareholder resolution. This required any director whofailed to secure a majority of votes to tender his resignation to the board, which would then be free todecide whether or not to accept it. Under the shareholder resolution, any candidate failing to secure amajority of the votes cast simply would not be elected. Intriguingly, the shareholder resolution wasdefeated at four-fifths of the firms that adopted a Pfizer-style majority voting rule, whereas itsucceedednearly nine times out of ten at firms retaining the plurality rule.Unfortunately for shareholders, their victories may prove illusory, as the successful resolutions were all“precatory”—meaning that they merely advised management on the course of action preferred byshareholders, but did not force managers to do anything. Several resolutions that tried to imposemajority voting on firms by changing their bylaws failed this year.Even so, wise managers should voluntarily adopt majority voting, according to Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen &Katz, a Wall Street law firm that has generally helped managers resist increases in shareholder power butnow expects majority voting eventually to “become universal”. It advises th at, at the very least,managers should adopt the Pfizer model, if only to avoid becoming the subject of even greater scrutinyfrom corporate-governance activists. Some firms might choose to go further, as Dell and Intel have donethis year, and adopt bylaws requiring majority voting.Shareholders may have been radicalised by the success last year of a lobbying effort by managersagainst a proposal from regulators to make it easier for shareholders to put up candidates in boardelections. It remains to be seen if they willbe back for more in 2007. Certainly, some of the activistshareholders behind this year's resolutions have big plans. Where new voting rules are in place, they plancampaigns to vote out the chairman of the compensation committee at any firm that they think overpaysthe boss. If the 2006 annual meeting was unpleasant for managers, next year's could be far worse.Intangible opportunitiesCompanies are borrowing against their copyrights, trademarks and patentsNOT long ago, the value of companies resided mostly in things you could see and touch. Today it liesincreasingly in intangible assets such as the McDonald's name, the patent for Viagra and the rights toSpiderman. Baruch Lev, a finance professor at New York University's Stern School of Business, puts theimplied value of intangibles on American companies' balance sheets at about $6 trillion, or two-thirds ofthe total. Much of this consists of intellectual property, the collective name for copyrights, trademarksand patents. Increasingly, companies and their clever bankers are using these assets to raise cash.The method of choice is securitisation, the issuing ofbonds based on the various revenues thrown off byintellectual property. Late last month Dunkin' Brands, owner of Dunkin' Donuts, a snack-bar chain, raised$1.7 billion by selling bonds backed by, among other things, the royalties it will receive from itsfranchisees. The three private-equity firms that acquired Dunkin' Brands a few months ago have used thecash to repay the money they borrowed to buy the chain. This is the biggest intellectual-propertysecuritisation by far, says Jordan Yarett of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, a law firm that hasworked on many such deals.Securitisations of intellectual property can be based on revenues from copyrights, trademarks (such aslogos) or patents. The best-known copyright deal was the issue in 1997 of $55m-worth of “Bowie Bonds”supported by the future sales of music by David Bowie, a British rock star. Bonds based on the films ofDreamWorks, Marvel comic books and the stories of John Steinbeck have also been sold. As well asDunkin' Brands, several restaurant chains and fashion firms have issued bonds backed by logos andbrands.Intellectual-property deals belong to a class known as operating-asset securitisations. These differ fromstandard securitisations of future revenues, such as bonds backed by thepayments on a 30-yearmortgage or a car loan, in that the borrower has to make his asset work. If investors are to recoup theirmoney, the assets being securitised must be “actively exploited”, says Mr Yarett: DreamWorks mustcontinue to churn out box-office hits.The market for such securitisations is still small. Jay Eisbruck, of Moody's, a rating agency, reckons thataround $10 billion-worth of bonds ar e outstanding. But there is “big potential,” he says, pointing out thatlicensing patented technology generates $100 billion a year and involves thousands of companies.Raising money this way can make sense not only for clever private-equity firms, but also for companieswith low (or no) credit ratings that cannot easily tap the capital markets or with few tangible assets ascollateral for bank loans. Some universities have joined in, too. Yale built a new medical complex withsome of the roughly $100m it raised securitising patent royalties from Zerit, an anti-HIV drug.It may be harder for investors to decide whether such deals are worth their while. They are, after all,highly complex and riskier than standard securitisations. The most obvious risk is that the investorscannot be sure that the assets will yield。
2019年经济学人双语版_楼市,温和战略
2019年经济学人双语版:楼市,温和战略篇一：【经济学人】中英双语阅读精粹(1998-20XX年版(中英版))CONTENTS[20XX.08.06]Thesunalsorises日升如故，阴霾潜伏......................................................... (1)[20XX.08.06]Knottingthepurse-strings捂紧钱袋子......................................................... .. (4)[20XX.01.22]Howtoplaychickenandlose如何玩火自焚......................................................... .. (7)[20XX.10.19]Goingcritical,defyingtheworld.................. ........................................................... (13)[20XX.10.05]Thesearchfortalent寻找人才......................................................... .. (16)[20XX.09.18]Sweden'sModeraterevolution瑞典的温和革命 (2)[20XX.08.24]Whokilledthenewspaper?......................... ........................................................... (22)[20XX.08.21]Water,watereverywhere?......................... ........................................................... . (26)[20XX.08.10]Butdidtheybuytheirownfurniture?................ (28)[20XX.08.03]Somethingnew新气象......................................................... . (31)[20XX.07.27]Thefutureofglobalisation全球化前景......................................................... . (33)[20XX.07.13]Acrisiswidens危机扩大......................................................... (36)[20XX.06.21]Awarmembrace................................... ........................................................... (40)[20XX.05.11]JaneJacobs..................................... ........................................................... .. (42)[20XX.04.27]Inaleagueofitsown.............................. ........................................................... . (45)[20XX.04.06]Thestateislookingafteryou国家在照管你......................................................... . (49)[20XX.03.23]Colbertwashere柯尔贝尔回来了......................................................... . (52)[20XX.02.09]Passtheparcel.................................. ........................................................... . (56)[20XX.02.09][GlobalAgenda]Foodfirmsandfat-fighters......... . (58)[20XX.01.26]'Tistheseason一年之计在于春......................................................... .. (65)[20XX.01.12]PetsinChina:Friendorfood?朋友还是食物？.......................................................66[20XX.12.20]Churchesasbusinesses:Jesus,CEO教会就是生意 (68)[20XX.12.20]Thestoryofwheat:Earsofplenty麦穗满满......................................................... (76)[20XX.10.27]Whenlightningstrikes........................... ........................................................... (85)[20XX.10.13]LeoSternbach.............................................................................................. . (87)[20XX.12.16]Go:Thegametobeatallgames围棋~~游戏之王 (90)[20XX.12.16]Abriefhistory末日天启说简史......................................................... (96)[20XX.12.16]TheRomansinChina罗马人在中国......................................................... . (103)[20XX.11.18]Changingtheguard走马换将......................................................... (109)[20XX.10.21]Girlpower...................................... ........................................................... (113)[20XX.08.19]Agreatwallofwaste用垃圾铸造我们新的长城 (116)[20XX.05.06]Thisroundismine这回该我了......................................................... . (125)[20XX.01.29]Jammed杯水车薪......................................................... (127)[20XX.01.15]Agrandbutcostlyvision宏伟但昂贵的规划......................................................... ..130[2003.12.18]Thenannystate.................................. ........................................................... . (134)[2003.12.11]Theshapeofthingstoe未来的体型......................................................... .. (137)[2003.11.01]Whoselifeisit,anyway?.......................... ........................................................... . (140)[2003.10.23]Therighttoknow知情权......................................................... .. (145)[2003.09.11]Flagsofconvenience............................. ........................................................... (147)[2003.06.19]Atiger,fallingbehindadragon被蛟龙甩在背后的猛虎 (150)[2003.05.03]Hotandcoldrunningmoney......................... .. (154)[2002.12.19]The-bestplace–last最后的最佳场所......................................................... (159)[2001.11.18]THEBESTTIME:PRINCETON,1949最佳时代3 (168)[1999.12.23]God 神......................................................... ........................................................... .169[1998.09.30]YangShangkun杨尚昆,一位中国的―神仙‖....................................................... (174)[20XX.08.06]Thesunalsorises日升如故，阴霾潜伏Signs经济of复苏economic的前cheer奏The日AugFromsun升6th如The故20XX，|also阴Economistprint霾WASHINGTON,潜rises伏DCeditionTheeconomymaybepullingoutofrecessionbutunemploymentisstills urprisinglyhigh.Celebrationsshouldbedelayed虽然经济渐别衰退，但是面对居高不下的失业率，要想庆祝还为时尚早WHENBarackObamavisitedElkhart,Indiana,inearlyFebruary,afeww eeksafterhisinauguration,itwasasombreaffair.Intheprevious12monthsthearea‘sunemploymentratehadmorethantripledto18.3%.Thepresidentpl eadedforthepassageofamassivefiscalstimulus,insistingthat―doingnothingisnotanoption.‖BythetimehereturnedtoElkhartonAugust5thhewasquiteabitsunnie r.Localfactoriesare―ingbacktolife‖,heproclaimed.Afewdaysearlierhehaddeclaredth eeconomytohavedone―measurablybetter‖thanexpected.今年二月初，就职数周后的奥巴马总统来到印第安纳州小城埃尔克哈特（Elkhart，位于美国印第安纳州北部，埃尔克哈特县县治），对其进行考察。
危险的核电站 来自经济学人的英汉双语文章
沿着萨福克北海岸，在数英里范围内都可以看到若隐若现的高尔夫球般圆拱顶建筑，英国核电站Sizewell B。 1995年该厂开始运行，此后英国再没有建造过其他核电站。 政府想改变这一现状，于是又选定了8个地址，以建造新的核电站。
Such plans looked in doubt after a tsunami struck the Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan in March. China suspended approval of new nuclear power stations; Italy cancelled projects; Germany shut seven existing sites and promised to close the rest later. The British government, in contrast, commissioned a safety study, which, in a report released on October 11th, gave nuclear generation in Britain the all clear. Though there are lessons to be drawn from Fukushima, Britain is not vulnerable to big earthquakes or tsunamis, pointed out Mike Weightman, Britain’s chief nuclear inspector, and its reactor designs, past and planned, are not like Japan’s.
Nuclear power
外刊每日精读 solidarity snips
外刊每日精读 | solidarity snips文章脉络【1】人们对农业怀有美好且不切实际的幻想。
【2】对于要求改变现有饮食习惯的提议会遭到愤怒的反抗，但那些保守者却又没有付出合理的行动。
【3】对农业和食物生产问题展开坦率的对话正在受到阻碍。
【4】人们对于Regenesis这本书的态度是愤怒和不满，因为它挑战了“根隐喻”。
【5】查尔斯三世国王钟爱于特兰西瓦尼亚，喜欢那里质朴原始的田园生活方式。
【6】特兰西瓦尼亚的农业看起来十分美好。
【7】特兰西瓦尼亚的农业和食物生产同现代残忍的工业机器完全不同。
【8】现在对农业和食物的讨论中，被推崇喜爱的方式就是这种安逸快乐的农场。
【9】但是这些“浪漫主义者”没有考虑到实际问题，因为这种生产方式无法规模化，只是世外桃源般的幻想。
【10】故事书里的农业从未像浪漫主义者所说的那样发挥作用。
【11】如果不承认美好故事中的农业方式，就会被当成对身份的攻击。
【12】但全球粮食危机真正有效的解决办法既不美好也不舒心。
【13】解决粮食危机的办法不是开垦更多土地，而是改造现有的食物工厂。
【14】解决全球粮食危机存在两个挑战，一是要解决残忍、污染和自我毁灭的主流农业模式，二是要对抗不切实际的美好遐想。
经济学人原文Our infantile view of farming won’t solve the global food crisisThe answer is not more fields, which destroy wild ecosystems, but partly compact, cruelty-free factories that don’t pollute【1】No issue is more important, and none so shrouded in myth and wishful thinking. The way we feed ourselves is the key determinant of whether we survive this century, as no other sector is as damaging . Yet we can scarcely begin to discuss it objectively, thanks to the power of comforting illusions.【2】Food has the extraordinary property of turning even themost progressive people into reactionaries. People who might accept any number of social and political changes can respond with fury if you propose our diets should shift. Stranger still, there’s a gulf between ultraconservative beliefs about how we should eat and the behaviour of people who hold such beliefs.【3】Something is blocking us, a deep repression that stands in the way ofhonest conversation. It pushes food writers, celebrity chefs andsome environmentalists to propose answers to the planetary crisis that are evenmore damaging than the problems they claim to address. Their solutions, suchas pasture-fed meat, with its massive land demand , are impossible to scale without destroying remaining wild ecosystems: there is simply not enough planet. What is this inhibition and how does it arise?【4】It’s now a year since I published Regenesis , a book that has incited levelsof fury shocking even to me. I’ve spent much of this time trying to work out what makes people so angry. I think it’s because the book challenges whatthe cognitive historian Jeremy Lent calls a “root metaphor” : an idea sodeeply embedded in our minds that it affects our preferences withoutour conscious knowledge.【5】The root metaphor in this case is exemplified by King Charles III’slove affair with Transylvania. What he found there “was a perfectly bottled model of life before modernity”. “It’s the timelessness which i s so important,” the king is reported to have said. “The landscape is almost out of some of those stories you used to read as a child.”【6】farming in Transylvania looks (or did until recently) just as it “ought” to look: tiny villages where cows with their calves, ducks with their ducklings and cats with their kittens share the dirt road with ruddy-cheeked farmers driving horses and carts; alpine pastures where sheep graze and people scythe the grass and build conical haystacks. In other words, as the king remarked, it looks like a children’s book.【7】A remarkable number of books for young children are about livestock farms. The farms they imagine look nothing like the industries that produce themeat, dairy and eggs we eat, which are generally places of horror. The stories they tell are a version of an ancient idyll of herders with their animals .Livestock farming here is a place of safety, harmony and comfort, into whichwe subconsciously burrow at times of unease.【8】Much of the discussion of food and farming in public life looks like an effort to recreate that happy place. As a result, many of the proposed solutions to the global food crisis seek, in effect, to revive medieval production systems – to feed a 21st-century population.【9】A scene that reminds us of our place of safety at the dawningof consciousness is used as the model for how we should be fed, regardless of whether it can scale. Bucolic romanticism might seem harmless. But it leads,if enacted, to hunger, ecological destruction or both, on a vast scale.Our arcadian fantasies devour the planet.【10】Storybook farming never worked as the romantics claim. Widespread meat eating in the 19th century became possible only through the colonisationand clearance of Australia and the Americas, and the creation, largely by theBritish empire, of a global system sucking meat into rich nations.【11】The cattle and sheep ranching that supplied our supposedly traditional diet drove the dispossession of Indigenous peoples and destruction of ecosystems ona massive scale, a process that continues to this day. When you challenge the story that masks these grim realities, it’s perceived as an attack on our very identity.【12】Real solutions to our global food crises are neither beautiful nor comforting. They inevitably involve factories, and we all hate factories, don’t we? In reality, almost everything we eat has passed through at least one factory on its way to our plates. We are in deep denial about this, which is why, in the US, where 95% of the population eats meat , a survey found that 47% wanted to ban slaughterhouses . 【13】The answer is not more fields, which means destroying even morewild ecosystems. It is partly better, more compact, cruelty-free and pollution-free factories. Among the best options, horror of horrors, is a shiftfrom farming multicellular organisms (plants and animals)to farming unicellularcreatures (microbes), which allows us to do far more with far less .【14】King Charles would doubtless hate this. But there are 8 billion people to feed and a planet to restore, and neither can be achieved with retentive fantasies. I’ve found myself contesting a cruel, polluting and self-destructive mainstream farming model on one hand and, on the other,an idyllic reverie that would lead us to the twin disaster of agricultural sprawl and world hunger. It’s hard to decide which is worse.。
经济学人文章摘录32篇（中英对照）
经济学人文章摘录32篇（中英对照）第一篇：经济学人文章摘录32篇(中英对照)【经济学人】双语阅读：律师事务所标价更高收益更少Business 商业报道Law firms 律师事务所Charging more, getting less 标价更高，收益更少Lawyers' biggest customers are discovering that they can haggle 律师的最大客户们发现他们能与律师还价THERE were groans in big companies' legal departments in the mid-2000s, when the fees of America's priciest lawyers first hit 1,000 an hour.当美国最高的律师酬金达到每小时1000美元，20世纪中期，一些大公司的法律部门里开始抱怨连连。
Such rates have since become common at firms with prestige.自此以后，这样的价格在名企变得普遍。
A survey published this week by the National Law Journal found that they now go as high as 1,800.美国法律期刊刊登的一项调查表明，现在的律师费用已经高达1800美元/时，But the general counsels of large businesses are increasingly finding that they can ignore these extravagant rates, and insist on big discounts.但是那些为大公司效力的法律顾问却逐渐发现，他们忽视高额酬金，并坚持较大折扣。
Price-discounting tends to be associated more with used-car lots than with posh law firms.There was a time when a lawyer could submit his bill and be confident of receiving a cheque for the same amount.价格折扣渐渐常见于二手车交易，并非光鲜的律师律师事务所。
经济学人Privateeffort,commongood
经济学⼈Privateeffort,commongoodThe Democratic conventionPrivate effort, common goodDemocrats and Republicans are now arguing over who can best be trusted with the American DreamSep 8th 2012 | CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA| from the print editionBARACK OBAMA’S Republican challengers have a plan for defeating the president. They want to confront him with a question so weighty that he cannot use his charm, personal popularity or powers of lofty rhetoric to escape from it, namely: is America better off today than it was four years ago, when he took office?For some months Mr Obama and the Democratic Party have struggled to craft a response, seemingly hesitating to run on the president’s record at a time of high unemployment, soaring energy prices and other indicators of tough times for ordinary Americans. Instead, the Democratic campaign has been largely negative, blaming the Republicans for leaving behind a mess when they lost the White House in 2008, and attacking their presidential nominee, Mitt Romney, as an out-of-touch capitalist raider.In this sectionPrivate effort, common goodUrban nationAnd then there was oneThe good old waysVive la révolutionBreathing roomShindig fatigueReprintsRelated topicsPolitical familiesU.S. Democratic Party PoliticsPoliticsPolitical partiesGovernment and politicsThat unimpressive stalemate budged a bit this week, as Democrats gathered in Charlotte in the battleground state of North Carolina from September 4th-6th for their national convention. True, the meeting offered its fair share of cheap shots at Mr Romney (were the Republican candidate Santa Claus, one speaker suggested, he would “fire the reindeer and outsource the elves”). It left questions unanswered about how Mr Obama, in a second term, might tackle America’s looming crisis of debt and public spending. Indeed, too many of the governors, senators, congressmen and union bosses invited to speak seemed to see no crisis at all, as they hailed the importance of continued government spending (or “investment”) on everything from new infrastructure to preserving middle-class jobs.But, more interestingly, leading Democrats attempted a political and philosophical counter-attack, directly tackling arguments unveiled by Republicans at their own convention the week before in Florida. That gathering had heard repeated calls for smaller government, less regulation, lower taxes and an end to what conservative speakers called un-American levels of welfare and redistribution.In Charlotte several speakers, among them a former president, Bill Clinton, the First Lady, Michelle Obama, and a young Hispanic mayor from Texas, Julián Castro, accused today’s Republicans of misrepresenting the American dream, and even their party’s own traditions. Speaker after speaker reached into their country’s mythic past to paint a communitarian vision of American success. The mayor of Minneapolis hailed “pioneer ancestors” who had not settled the prairies alone but in wagon trains. Success in America was a “relay”, not a lone marathon, said Mr Castro. The governor of Colorado declared that western history was not just about “rugged individuals”but communities comingtogether to “raise barns”.Mr Clinton gave a bravura speech that deftly recalled Mr Obama’s nasty primary fight with Mrs Clinton, but turned it into a positive by noting that Mr Obama now pragmatically worked with his former party rival. The 42nd president, who enjoys high approval ratings from a public that remembers his two terms as a time of prosperity, solemnly painted the present-day Republican Party as captured by a hate-filled far-right and living in an “alternative universe” in which all those who have achieved success are “completely self-made”. This he suggested, ignored a centrist case for business and government working together to promote growth and “broadly share prosperity”.For her part, Mrs Obama gave an unusually partisan speech for a First Lady, taking swipes at the privileged background and competence of Mr Romney, which she contrasted with the humble upbringings of her and her husband. More interestingly, she also queried Republican arguments about the individualistic nature of American success.Republicans have spent weeks attacking Mr Obama for a garbled remark in July in which he appeared to say that successful entrepreneurs “didn’t build” their firms—though in truth he was making a more complicated (but still pretty statist) point about the importance of good schools, roads and other public infrastructure. Their convention in T ampa rang to angry cries of “We did build it.”In Charlotte, Mrs Obama attempted to recast that Republican slogan as betraying bad manners and ingratitude. She and the president had been brought up to be grateful and humble and to remember that many people had a hand in their success,“from the teachers who inspired us to the janitors who kept our school clean”, she said. She described how her father had hardly missed a day of work despite suffering from multiple sclerosis, and had saved and scrimped to pay that share of his children’s college tuition that was not covered by government grants and student loans. The rebuke to Republicans was there to be heard: this was Mrs Obama asserting that the poor (or less than wealthy) can be just as deserving as the bosses whose hard work was the focus of so much attention at the Republican convention.Yet if the chasm between the two parties is astonishingly wide, the Democratic convention revealed that Mr Obama’s party also suffers from its own internal tensions. Democrats are able to unite around a belief that the government has a role in promoting opportunity and ensuring a “level playing field”. But what that means in practice is less clear, as was demonstrated by the speech that preceded Mr Clinton’s. In that address, Elizabeth Warren, an academic running for the Senate in Massachusetts, described the American economic system as “rigged”against small businessmen and workers and evoking the era when Theodore Roosevelt, a century ago, had fought against the forces of “corrosive greed”. Mr Clinton preferred to focus on practical measures to educateAmericans for new sorts of jobs, telling an adoring audience bluntly: “The old economy is not coming back.”Diversity’s problemsMr Obama’s fellow Democrats, gathered for a convention, are a far more diverse bunch than their Republican counterparts, whether racially, politically or by age (today’s Republican activist base is remarkably white-skinned and grey-haired). But that diversity poses its own headaches.Explore our interactive guide to the 2012presidential electionTo win in November, Mr Obama must revive the enthusiasm that saw black, Hispanic and young supporters turn out to vote for him in 2008 in record numbers. His convention duly placed huge weight on a rainbow array of policies dear to different segments of his core coalition. Sitting in the hall, it would have been possible to imagine that the bail-out of Michigan’s unionised car industry was the biggest economic story of the past five years, and that allowing openly gay men and women to serve in the armed forces ranked alongside killing Osama bin Laden in terms of military importance.Yet for victory, Mr Obama must also win over a separate group: independents who backed him in 2008, but who are now gravely disappointed by the gap between his promises to transform Washington politics, and a reality that has seen him look like a prisoner of congressional dysfunction and obstructionism.On September 6th the president was due to address just such wavering supporters, in a speech that would have to explain not just how things could be worse with Republicans in the White House, but how a second Obama term would move the country forwards, and preserve its spirit of opportunity.Politicians have lauded America as a land of opportunity in every election in living memory. As it enters its final weeks, the 2012 election campaign is seeing the argument move from rhetoric to something crunchier: a debate about how to balance freedom, fairness, the rights of the individual and the responsibilities of the state. This is, in short, an election about which party can be trusted with the American Dream itself.from the print edition | United States。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Domestic abusers still have access to guns. That has got to change家庭施虐者仍然可以获得枪支。
这种状况必须改变Seven months before a man shot and killed his three daughters and a family friend in a Sacramento church last week, a man in Kern County shot and killed his wife, two sons and a sheriff’s deputy responding to violence at their home. The only thing more horrific than any one of these murders is the fact that our society has allowed them to pile up, year after year, to form a sickening pattern: innocent children and vulnerable women killed despite having turned to courts and law enforcement for protection.七个月前，一名男子在萨克拉门托的一所教堂枪杀了他的三个女儿和一位家庭朋友。
上周，克恩县的一名男子在家中枪杀了他的妻子、两个儿子和一名对其暴力作出响应的副警长。
唯一比这些谋杀更可怕的是，我们的社会允许这些谋杀年复一年地堆积起来，形成一种令人厌恶的模式：尽管无辜的儿童和弱势的妇女向法院和执法机构寻求保护，但仍被杀害。
Before these four men became killers, all of them were abusers with a documented history of violence against their family members. All of them were subject to restraining orders that prohibited them from possessing guns. And yet, because of California’s lax enforcement of gun prohibitions, and the availability of “ghost guns” and illegal firearms, people who were known to be dangerous were able to kill.在这四名男子成为杀人者之前，他们都是施虐者，有对家人施暴的记录。
“直言不讳、举止亲善“怎么说？经济学人精彩表达
经济学人大家分享三个表达：1.重大举措的多种表达2.举止亲善、直言不讳怎么说？3.如何分析表达一件事情？（写作句型）一、重大举措的多种表达“举措”这个词特别常见，在具体翻译时为了避免重复，会有多种表达。
而在这篇文章里，重大举措是这样表达的：高斋翻译CATTI和MTI❖His first big move as central banker, back in 2005, was to unpeg the yuan from the dollar.在2005年，他推出了就任央行行长后的第一个重大举措——让人民币与美元脱钩。
这里的重大举措用的是big move，都是很常见的小词。
其实对于很多政治类文本，处理时善用小词，小词活用都不失为良策。
move在这里做名词，意为：an action that you take in order to achieve something行动，举措。
这句话里还有个词unpeg，让...与...脱钩是unpeg ...from.... peg 是挂钩的意思。
既可以具体的指代平常我们挂衣服、毛巾的挂钩，也可以指把价格、数量等固定下来，如银行想把利率固定在9%就可以说The bank wants to peg rates at 9%.“举措”也有多种翻译。
如：❖采取既利当前更惠长远的举措。
We have adopted measures that are good for the near term and even better for the long term.❖制定西部大开发新的指导意见，落实东北等老工业基地振兴举措。
We should draw up new guidelines for large-scale development in the western region, implement policies for revitalizing northeast China and other old industrial bases.采取、落实举措的动词搭配可以用adopt, unveil, implement,take,launch通过上面的例子，我们也可以看到举措的翻法各有不同。
职场性骚扰：迎来了转折点？
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economist经济学人文摘(中英双语)：Pink cabs rev up
Gender politics in Mexico City墨西哥城的性别政治Pink cabs rev up粉紅色出租车浪潮A blow for feminism—or against it?女权运动的前进——抑或倒退？Aug 26th 2010 | MEXICO CITYSINCE electing its first left-wing mayor in 1997, Mexico City has been a self-consciously liberal oasis in a conservative country. The current mayor, Marcelo Ebrard, has legalised abortion on demand, gay marriage and gay adoption in his first four years in office. His latest move, cheered by environmentalists, was a ban on free plastic shopping bags, implemented on August 19th. Eye-catching reforms such as these are enhancing Mr Ebrard’s profile ahead of a likely presidenti al bid in two years’ time.自从1997年第一任左翼市长上任以来，墨西哥城就成了一块自由绿洲，与这个保守之国显得格格不入。
现任市长马赛罗•艾布拉德在首个四年任期内即承认堕胎、同性婚姻、同性伴侣领养孩子合法化。
艾布拉德最近的举措是禁止免费塑料购物袋的使用，这项禁令于8月19日生效，并得到众环保人士的拥护。
一系列诸如此类吸引眼球的改革提升了艾布拉德的形象，与此同时，总统选举有可能在两年内举行。
外刊每日精读 Cretaceous capitalism
外刊每日精读 | Cretaceous capitalism文章脉络【1】背景引入：化石的私人收藏需求旺盛【2】是好是坏：化石的私人收藏导致其科学价值受到质疑【3】理智态度：不应对化石的商业化持敌对态度【4】理由论证：古生物学一直依赖探矿者和私人收藏家【5】理由论证：现在在拍卖会上出售的大多数化石都来自美国的私人挖掘【6】理由论证：私营单位根据价格信号来填补缺口【7】担忧分析：害怕科学家和公众被挤出局并非完全没有道理【8】正确方案：与其让私人市场消失，不如规范市场让其蓬勃发展。
经济学人原文dinosaurs：Cretaceous capitalismWhy trade in fossils is good for science【1】The great auction houses of America and Europe often sell masterpieces by long-dead artists to a grey-haired crowd. They also serve the booming demand for actual fossils. In 2020Christie’s sold “Stan”—one of the most complete Tyrannosaurus rex specimens ever discovered—for a record-breaking $31.8m. In April “Trinity”, a composite of three T. rex specimens, fetched $6.1m at theKoller auction house in Zurich—one of six dino-lots to have breached the$6m threshold since “Stan” was sold. At the end of July Sotheby’s is dueto auction off another nearly complete specimen.【2】The buyers are typically rich collectors (Leonardo DiCaprio, a Hollywood actor, has an interest in dinosaur skulls). That alarms many palaeontologists, who fear that museums and other scientific institutions are being priced out of the marketby individuals who will lock their collections away. Even when scientists are granted access to specimens held privately, many journals have in recent years refused in protest to publish the resulting research.【3】The antagonism of these scientists towards commerce is misplaced.A thriving market for fossils should lead to more discoveries that—if the trade is appropriately regulated—will benefit science and the public.【4】Palaeontology has always leaned heavily on prospectors and private collectors. Mary Anning, one of the field’s pioneers, attained celebrity status in Victorian England after she discovered the first fossil specimens of ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs (marine contemporaries of the dinosaurs) eroding out ofthe fragile coastal cliffs of Dorset in south-west England, known as the “Jurassiccoast”. The tongue-twister “She sells sea shells on the sea shore” is supposedlya reference to Anning’s prolific collection and sale of marine fossils.【5】Today most fossils sold at auction come from America. Once discovered there, they belong to the landowner and can be legally traded. In many othercountries, fossils automatically become the property of the state. The advantage of encouraging the “dinosaur cowboys” of Montana, Wyoming and the Dakotas—which share a big geological deposit—to get digging is that once fossils are exposed, they are as vulnerable to wind, rain and tide as they once were to being munched by a theropod. As Dorset’s cliffs collapse, for example, new fossils constantly appear, but can be lost as erosion continues. Scientists often lack the resources to find, collect and preserve every fossil with scientific value before it is destroyed by nature.【6】The private sector plugs the gap by responding to pricesignals. prospecting first boomed after “Sue”, another famous T. rex specimen, was sold to Chicago’s Field Museum for $8.3m in 1997. The recent spate of salesis prompting another rush for bones today. It is not always true that the resulting hoards end up out of sight. “Stan” was bought by the Abu Dhabi Department of Culture and Tourism and is due to go on display in 2025. From Tampa to Copenhagen, many privately owned fossils are on show at museums or soon will be, much as the world’s best art galleries often hang privately owned pieces on loan.【7】Fears of crowding out scientists and the public are not entirely without merit. Sometimes specimens do vanish after being bought anonymously. But nationalising the ownership of fossils does not make the desire to buy and sell them disappear. Instead, it pushes the trade underground. The black market is a bigger threat to science than legitimate trade. Smugglers have muchlower standards than auction houses,frequently damaging or destroying specimens, and stolen fossils are even less likely to end up in museums.【8】There are ways to preserve the value to the public of privately owned fossils. Governments could write rules insisting that the discovery of fossils and who owns them is catalogued. They could require specimens to be made available for study, or ensure that museums can make casts. And—although auction houses already demand assurances regarding the provenance of fossils—they could set in stone minimum standards for excavation and handling, to allay fearsthat prospecting might become a Wild West. It is better to regulate the market and let it thrive than to force it towards extinction.长难句：原文：Mary Anning, one of the field’s pioneers,attained celebrity status in VictorianEngland after she discovered the first fossil specimens of ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs (marinecontemporaries of the dinosaurs) eroding out of the fragile coastal cliffs of Dorset in south-west England, known as the “Jurassic coast”.分析：在这个句子当中，Mary Anning是句子的主语，attained是谓词，宾语是celebrity status。
外刊每日精读 Shrinkflation
外刊每日精读 | ‘Shrinkflation’文章脉络【1】英国食品行业的“缩水式通胀”让消费者感到担忧。
【2】英国消费者的生活水平下降削减了消费支出。
【3】英国零售商协会报告也显示，食品销售大幅下滑。
【4】英国服务业增长强劲。
【5】英国服务业经济面临巨大的薪资压力。
【6】英国新车市场保持上升趋势。
经济学人原文‘Shrinkflation’ ：Polling reveals consumers’ concern overbrands downsizing products【1】Hard-pressed consumers feel they are becoming victims of food industry “shrinkflation” amid signs the UK’s persistent cost of living crisis is making households more alert to the need to get value for money. With food prices up by almost 20% in the past year, the latest snapshot of consumer activity from Barclays found households were concentrating spending on essentials and increasingly concerned that manufacturers were reducing the size of products such as chocolate bars and packets of crisps. Two-thirds of shoppers had noticedproducts shrinking while the price had remained the same or even increased. In response, 20% said they were switching away from products that had been downsized by manufacturers to instead buy in bulk.【2】A separate survey from the British Retail Consortium (BRC) also found spending being squeezed by falling living standards, with no evidence that last month’s three bank holidays had provided a boost. Esme Harwood, a director at Barclays, said: “Consumers are still paying close attention to their everyday spending, and we are seeing growing concerns around shrinkflation in the weekly shop. Many are having to forgo discretionary purchases to off set rising food prices, with clothing and restaurants most impacted.” Barclays said consumer card spending grew by 3.6% year on year in May – less than half the latest inflation rate of 8.7% and lower than the 4.3% in April. Spending on non-essential items increased just 3% due to consumers cutting back to manage household bills, while spending on groceries rose by 8.9% – the highest rate of increase in more than two years.【3】The BRC reported a similar pattern. The retailers’ lobby group said the value of sales was 3.9% higher in May than in the same month a year ago, but saidonce adjusted for inflation there had been a hefty drop in sales volumes. Helen Dickinson, the BRC’s chief executive, said: “The trio of bank holidays failed to get shoppers spending as sales growth slowed to its lowest level in six months. While food sales got a boost from the coronation weekend, this was not sustained for the rest of the month. Meanwhile, growth in discretionary spend continued to tumble as the high cost of living squeezed households. There was cause for some optimism, however, as brighter weather at the end of the month led to a much-needed pick up in summer fashion sales, as well as gardening and DIY products.”【4】The latest monthly health check of the UK’s service sector said rising wages were pushing up business costs and prompting companies to raise prices. TheS&P/Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply (Cips) purchasing managers’ survey found upward pressure on pay had not prevented strong growth for the sector last month, with the business activity index above 50 for a fourth month. Readings above 50indicate an expanding sector.【5】Tim Moore, the economic indices director at S&P global market intelligence, which compiled the survey, said: “Intense wage pressures continued across the service economy, despite a moderation in employment growth. Higher salary payments more than offset lower fuel costs, which meant that overall inputprice inflation edged up to its strongest for three months in May. Averageprices charged by service sector companies nonetheless increased at the second-weakest pace since August 2021 amid some reports of greater price resistance among clients.”【6】Fresh data from the Society of Motor manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) showed new car registrations rose 16.7% in May to 145,204.While registrations remained 21% below their level in May 2019 – the last year before the start of the Covid -19pandemic – last month’s increase marked the 10th rise ina row, the longest period of uninterrupted growth since 2015. Mike Hawes , the SMMT’s chief executive, said: “After the difficult, Covid-constrained supply issues of the last few years, it’s good to see the new car market maintain its upward trend and the fact that growth is, increasingly, green growth is hugely encouraging.”。
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You can count on Christie, so far
NEW JERSEY has its fair share of rock stars. Bruce Springsteen sings about the seaside towns along the Jersey shore. Bon Jovi, a New Jersey band noted for big hair and tight trousers, have named an album after their home state. Frank Sinatra, a rock star before there were rock stars, was from Hoboken. But at present the biggest star in New Jersey is its larger-than-life governor, Chris Christie.
Since September Mr Christie has been on tour, holding town-hall meetings all over the state to promote his reform agenda, or "toolkit", as he calls it. Flanked by a "Rethink, Reform, Rebuild New Jersey" banner, he speaks engagingly-and without notes-about cutting spending and lowering taxes. After his speech, by turns indignant, self-effacing, funny and sentimental, he takes off his suit jacket and takes questions from the floor. This is the part of the meeting that, as he warns questioners, tends to go viral on YouTube.
Chris Christie
The conservative crush
Jan 6th 2011 Байду номын сангаас| HACKETTSTOWN AND LIVINGSTON
| from PRINT EDITION
New Jersey's governor is growing in national prominence
Mr Christie complains that the legislature is dragging its feet over his reforms, but he has made some headway. He convinced it to cap property taxes at 2%. On December 9th he brokered a bipartisan reform to pay arbitration. His supporters say he is changing the culture of politics in New Jersey. But there has been controversy along the way. Mr Christie is sceptical about climate change. He refused to reappoint a state Supreme Court justice. He cancelled what would have been the largest infrastructure project in the country, an $8.7 billion railway tunnel linking New Jersey to Manhattan-but Republicans raved over his frugality and decisiveness, and more than half of New Jersey voters, including many Democrats, supported his decision.
He has made his mark in his first year as governor, no small feat for a fiscally hawkish Republican in a Democratic state. He tackled an astronomically large budget deficit, cutting $3 billion without raising taxes. Among many other things, he cut $445m in municipal funds without blinking. This could force some of the state's 566 local governments to begin sharing services or consider consolidating, reducing pressure on the state pension system. Without reform the state pension fund, which is underfunded by $46 billion, could run out in 2019. Mr Christie, though, has a plan: he wants public employees to pay more into the system and to retire later.
The Tax Foundation, a non-partisan think-tank, ranks New Jersey 48th in the country for its business climate. Mr Christie notes, however, that this marks an improvement over last year, when it came bottom. Businesses are happier. Honeywell, a technology and manufacturing company, had intended to leave the state, but decided over the summer to stay after the governor offered to boost tax credits. Meanwhile Coca-Cola is building a new factory in New Jersey, bringing 650 jobs.
No wonder some conservatives hope for a Christie presidential run. "Is it wrong to love another man?" asked Rush Limbaugh on his radio show. "Because I love Chris Christie!" But for now, the governor is not interested. His main hope is still to be governor in 2014, when the football Super Bowl will be played at the Giants Stadium. Those close to him take him at his word.
The governor has also faced down the teachers union. He has told pupils it is the union's fault, not his, that they don't have pens and paper. He has blasted the union for "using students like drug mules to carry information". He hates teacher tenure, which he says protects bad teachers, who should be "carried out on a rail". The unions are listening. In December they put forward a tenure-reform proposal; Mr Christie thinks it is still inadequate.
Polls show that he is viewed more favourably now than when he was elected. His message is resonating not just in New Jersey, but across the country, tapping into the same frustration that created the tea-party movement. Mr Christie is using his bully pulpit in a way no other New Jersey governor has done in modern history. And he has another useful political skill: he keeps people off guard, never quite knowing whether the extra-large governor is going to beat them up or embrace them.