高一下月考资料
【高一下】河南省信阳高中2023—2024学年高一下学期五月月考语文试题含答案
【高一下】河南省信阳高中2023—2024学年高一下学期五月月考语文试题一、现代文阅读(34分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-5题。
材料一昆曲,原名“昆山腔”(简称“昆腔”),是中国古老的戏曲声腔、剧种,现又被称为“昆剧”;昆山腔是明代中叶至清代中叶中国戏曲中影响最大的声腔剧种,早在元末明初(大约14世纪中叶),昆山腔已经作为南曲声腔的一个流派,在今天的昆山一带产生了,余澹心在《寄畅园闻歌记》中曾说道:“良辅初习北音,绌于北人王友山;退而镂心南曲,足迹不下楼十年。
”说的是魏良辅为了钻研南曲,十年不下楼,终于琢磨出一套新的昆山腔的演唱技巧。
魏良辅声腔改革的首要任务就是理顺腔调和语音的关系,使字音有腔调,字腔和声腔能够保持和谐。
为此他从字、腔、板三方面提出了“曲有三绝”的审美标准:第一是字的发音要清晰,第二是腔调要纯正,第三是节奏板眼要准确。
魏良辅制定昆山腔腔格的主要语言,依据的是苏州话。
苏州话是吴侬软语的典范,语言本身就具有音乐性。
字清、腔纯、板正的音乐学意义的追求和规范,使得昆山腔尽洗“乖声”,超越了俗乐和雅乐的鸿沟,成为文人乐于接受的艺术形式。
魏良辅改造昆山腔的第二个方面是完善和提升曲调的音乐性。
魏良辅以协调曲词和声腔的关系作为切入点,以腔、板两工为目标,把昆山腔改造为纡徐婉转、细腻清雅的声腔艺术。
所以内行欣赏昆腔,不能光听嗓音是否响亮,而是应该讲究听曲不可喧哗,听其吐字、板眼、过腔得宜方可辨其工拙。
不可因演员喉音清亮,便为其击节称赏。
魏良辅改造昆腔的第三个方面是兼容并蓄,熔南北曲为一炉。
北曲的风格以遒劲为主,南曲的风格以委婉为主。
魏良辅早年学过北曲,后来专攻南曲。
北方人学好南曲不容易,南方人学北曲有时候也是吃力不讨好。
要把南北曲的优点融合在一处,各取其长并非易事。
魏良辅是在北曲昆唱的基础上推动并最后完成南北声腔的融合的。
第四个方面是对于伴奏场面和乐队编制的完善。
2023-2024学年浙江省杭州市重点中学高一(下)月考数学试卷(含答案)
2023-2024学年浙江省杭州市重点中学高一(下)月考数学试卷一、单选题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。
在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.已知A={x|(x−1)(2+x)<0},B={x|log2x<1},则A∩B=( )A. (−2,1)B. (0,2)C. (−3,2)D. (0,1)2.复平面内表示复数z=1−ii的点位于( )A. 第一象限B. 第二象限C. 第三象限D. 第四象限3.在△ABC中,B=30°,b=2,c=22,则角A的大小为( )A. 45°B. 135°或45°C. 15°D. 105°或15°4.设l,m是两条不同的直线,α是一个平面,则下列命题正确的是( )A. 若l⊥α,l//m,则m⊥αB. 若l⊥m,m⊂α,则l⊥αC. 若l//α,m⊂α,则l//mD. 若l//α,m//α,则l//m5.已知平面向量a=(m,−4),b=(−1,m+3),若存在实数λ>0,使得a=λb,则实数m的值为( )A. −1B. −4C. 1D. 46.达芬奇的经典之作《蒙娜丽莎》举世闻名.画中女子神秘的微笑,数百年来让无数观赏者入迷.现将画中女子的嘴唇近似的看作一个圆弧,设嘴角A,B间的圆弧长为l,嘴角间的距离为d,圆弧所对的圆心角为θ(θ为弧度角),则l、d和θ所满足的恒等关系为( )A. sin θ2θ=dlB. 2sinθ2θ=dlC. cosθ2θ=dlD. 2cosθ2θ=dl7.如图,已知正四棱锥P−ABCD的所有棱长均为2,E为棱PA的中点,则异面直线BE与PC所成角的余弦值为( )A. 63B. −63C. 33D. −338.已知点O为△ABC外接圆的圆心,内角A、B、C的对边分别为a、b、c,且a=3,BO⋅AC=2,内角C取最大值时△ABC的面积为( )A. 5B. 25C. 10D. 23二、多选题:本题共3小题,共18分。
高一月考语文试卷及答案
高一月考语文试卷及答案一、语言知识与运用(每小题3分,共15分)1.下列加点字的注音全都正确的一组是( )A.驯鸽(xùn)果脯(pǔ) 婆娑 (suō) 长歌当(dāng)哭B.渐染(jiàn) 弄堂(nòng) 寥廓(liáo) 大笔如椽(chuán)C.铁锭( dìng) 风靡(mí)伶俜(pīnɡ) 咎 (jiū)由自取D.颓圮(pǐ)愆期(qiān) 守拙(zhuō)载(zài)笑载言2.下列各组词语中没有错别字的一组是( )A.落寞子衿猗郁信誓旦旦义愤填膺B.谣诼垝恒敛裾夙兴夜寐提要勾玄C.漫溯嗔目戳力雨雪霏霏衣衫褴褛D.长蒿袅娜房檩没精打彩尔卜尔噬3.下列各句中,加点的成语使用恰当的一句是( )A.随着房地产业的不断升温,一直居高不下的商品房价格已经成为影响人们生活质量的沉重负担,人们要求平抑房价的呼声也一直不绝如缕。
B.今年一季度我国旅游接待总人数同比增长12.7%,总收入同比增长19.9%,增长数据令人侧目,显示出我国旅游业良好的发展势头。
C.五四时期,革命青年为救亡图存、振兴中华而奔走呼号,奋不顾身,表现出高尚的爱国情操和不屈的斗争精神。
D.在浦东国际机场边检大厅,有这样一位服务标兵,她无论出现在哪里,脸上始终挂着一抹微笑,真诚、甜美、亲切,让人难以释怀。
4.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是( )A.当公寓里的伙计替我提了随身小提箱,领我到这房间的时候,瞥见这绿影,感觉到一种喜悦,便毫不犹豫地决定下,这样了截爽直使公寓里伙计都惊奇了。
B.北国的槐树,也是一种能使人联想起秋的点缀。
像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊,早晨起,会铺的满地。
脚踏上去,声音也没有,气味也没有,只能感出一点点极微细极柔弱的触觉。
C.由于技术水平太低,这些产品质量不是比沿海地区的同类产品低就是成本比沿海地区的高。
D.各国政府——无论专制政府或共和政府,都驱逐他;资产者——无论保守派或极端民主派,都竞相诽谤他,诅咒他。
高一下学期第一次月考(物理)试题含答案
高一下学期第一次月考(物理)(考试总分:100 分)一、单选题(本题共计9小题,总分37分)1.(4分)列车在通过桥梁、隧道的时候,要提前减速。
假设列车的减速过程可看作匀减速直线运动,下列与其运动相关的物理量(位移x、加速度a、速度v、动能E k)随时间t变化的图像,能正确反映其规律的是( )2.(4分)2010年诺贝尔物理学奖授予英国曼彻斯特大学科学家安德烈·海姆和康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫,以表彰他们在石墨烯材料方面的卓越研究。
石墨烯是目前世界上已知的强度最高的材料,它的发现使“太空电梯”缆线的制造成为可能,人类将有望通过“太空电梯”进入太空。
现假设有一“太空电梯”悬在赤道上空某处,相对地球静止,如图所示,那么关于“太空电梯”,下列说法正确的是( )A.“太空电梯”各点均处于完全失重状态B.“太空电梯”各点运行周期随高度增大而增大C.“太空电梯”上各点线速度与该点离地球球心距离的开方成反比D.“太空电梯”上各点线速度与该点离地球球心距离成正比3.(4分)如图所示,一铁球用细线悬挂于天花板上,静止垂在桌子的边缘,细线穿过一光盘的中间孔,手推光盘在桌面上平移,光盘带动细线紧贴着桌子的边缘以水平速度v匀速运动,当光盘由A位置运动到图中虚线所示的B位置时,细线与竖直方向的夹角为θ,此时铁球( )A.竖直方向速度大小为v cosθB.竖直方向速度大小为v sinθC.竖直方向速度大小为v tanθD.相对于地面速度大小为v4.(4分)如图所示,小球从静止开始沿光滑曲面轨道AB滑下,从B端水平飞出,撞击到一个与地面呈θ=37°的斜面上,撞击点为C。
已知斜面上端与曲面末端B相连。
若AB的高度差为h,BC间的高度差为H,则h与H的比值等于(不计空气阻力,sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8)( )A.34B.43C.49D.945.(4分)浙江省诸暨陈蔡镇是我省有名的板栗产地。
高一语文下册第一次月考试题(附答案)
高一语文下册第一次月考试题(附答案)一、语文基础知识(12分,每小题2分)1.下列各组词语中,加点的字注音全部正确的一组是A.哽咽.(yè)颤.(zhàn)动将.(qiāng)子无怒妖童媛.(yuàn)女B.参差(cī)侘.(chà)傺.(chì)青青子衿.(jīn)脉.(mò)脉含情C.混.(hùn)沌平仄.(zè)否.(pǐ)极泰来犹可说.(shuō)也D.赍.(jī)钱袅娜.(nà)氓.(méng)之蚩蚩雨.(yù)雪霏霏2.下列各组词语中,加点的词解释全部正确的一组是A.自我徂.尔(往)汝岂得自由..(自作主张)小人所腓.(遮蔽)忍尤而攘.(推让)诟B.士贰.其行(不专一,有二心)可怜..(可爱)体无比何乃太区区..(形容微不足道)何时可掇.(拾取、采取)C.隰则有泮.(通“畔”,边岸)宁溘.(突然、忽然)死以流亡芳菲菲其弥章.(章,通“彰”)还顾.(回顾,回头看)望旧乡D.靡使归聘.(问)岂余心之可惩.(惩罚)便可白公姥..(公公和婆婆,此偏指婆婆)少无适俗韵.(本性、气质)3.下列各句中加点词语的使用,正确的一项是A.宁可数着自己手中的几个干无花果傻笑,也不愿意妄想拥有孔雀之门而被骆驼醍瞎眼。
是说应该安贫乐道....,还是说聊胜于无,一鸟在手,胜与百鸟在林?B.尽管所有的那些很优秀的总统候选人都信誓旦旦....地要让纽约这个首善之都变得更乾净,但事实上纽约和世界上的其他地方并没有两样。
C.但渔父是以此来表现他无是非、无原则、明哲保身的生活态度,这就有问题了,当然也就同屈原那种坚持真理、九死未悔....的精神格格不入。
D.尽管在英国上议院门口发表了慷慨激昂神采飞扬....的演讲,拜伦勋爵还是没能让路德教成员逃过死刑的审判。
4.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是①大家不期然而然同时“名士化”,始而研究古文诗词,讨究经籍;大家还以“性灵”相尚,友谊的结合无形之中得一种旁面的训育。
2023-2024学年四川省成都市树德协进中学高一下学期4月月考化学试题
2023-2024学年四川省成都市树德协进中学高一下学期4月月考化学试题1.二氧化硅(SiO2)又称硅石,是制备硅及其化合物的重要原料。
下列说法正确的是A.硅在自然界中主要以单质形式存在B.北斗导航系统所用芯片的主要成分是SiO 2C.利用SiO 2与NaOH溶液反应可制取“水玻璃”D.在硅酸盐中,每个硅原子周围结合2个氧原子2. N A表示阿伏加德罗常数,下列说法错误的是A.常温常压下,46gNO 2和N 2 O 4的混合气体含有的原子数为3N AB.标准状况下,11.2LCl 2与足量NaOH溶液反应转移的电子数为0.5N AC.9.03×10 23个氦气分子的核外电子总数为3N AD.标准状况下,5.6LH 2 O中含有水分子的数目为0.25N A3.某种促进植物生长的营养液中含有K+、、、四种离子,其中K+、、的浓度分别为0.2mol·L-1、0.3mol·L-1、0.1mol·L-1,则的物质的量浓度为A.0.1mol·L -1B.0.2mol·L -1C.0.05mol·L -1D.0.3mol·L -14.高铁酸钠(Na2FeO4)是一种多功能、高效无毒的新型绿色消毒剂。
其中一种制备原理为3ClO-+2Fe3++10OH-=2+3Cl-+5H2O,下列说法正确的是A.该反应属于复分解反应B.该反应中铁元素被还原C.ClO -中Cl的化合价为+3 D.生成1个转移3个电子5.下列各组离子在给定的溶液中可以大量共存的是A.使紫色石蕊试剂变红的溶液:、Mg 2+、S 2-、Cl -B.澄清透明的酸性溶液:K +、Cu 2+、Cl -、C.加入NH 4 Cl加热产生氨气的溶液:Na +、Mg 2+、I -、Cl -D.使pH试纸变红的溶液:、K +、、6.从火山附近的温泉到硫磺皂,从中国引以为豪的黑火药到今天重要的化工产品硫酸,这些物质中都含有硫元素。
四川省成都市2023-2024学年高一下学期物理月考试题(一)含答案
成都高2026届高一下物理月考试题一(答案在最后)1.在修筑铁路时,弯道处的外轨会略高于内轨,如图所示,内外铁轨平面与水平面倾角为θ,当火车以规定的行驶速度v 转弯时,内、外轨均不会受到轮缘的侧向挤压,火车转弯半径为r ,重力加速度为g ,下列说法正确的是()A.火车以速度v 转弯时,铁轨对火车支持力大于其重力B.火车转弯时,实际转弯速度越小越好C.当火车上乘客增多时,火车转弯时的速度必须降低D.时,外轨对车轮轮缘的压力沿水平方向【答案】A 【解析】【详解】A .火车以速度v 转弯时,对火车受力分析,如图可得2tan v mg mrθ=解得v =根据矢量三角形的边角关系可知铁轨对火车支持力大于其重力,故A 正确;B .当火车以规定的行驶速度v 转弯时,内、外轨均不会受到轮缘的侧向挤压,效果最好,所以实际转弯速度不是越小越好,故B 错误;C.由v=可知规定行驶的速度与质量无关,当火车质量改变时,规定的行驶速度不变,故C错误;D时,外轨对车轮轮缘的压力沿接触面指向轮缘,故D错误。
故选A。
2.对落差较大的道路,建设螺旋立交可以有效的保证车辆安全行驶.如图所示,重庆红云路螺旋立交为2.5层同心圆螺旋结构,上下层桥梁平面位置重叠。
下面针对这段路的分析正确的是()A.通过螺旋式设计可减小坡度,目的是增大车辆与地面的摩擦力B.两辆车以相同的速率转弯时,外侧的车需要的向心力一定更大C.车辆转弯处设计成内低外高的目的是降低车辆侧滑风险D.车辆上坡过程中受重力、支持力、摩擦力、向心力【答案】C【解析】【详解】A.通过螺旋隧道设计,有效减小坡度,主要目的是减小车重力沿斜面向下的分力,故A错误;B.由向心力公式可知,当速度不变,R越大时,向心力越小,即外侧的车需要的向心力一定更小,故B错误;C.车辆转弯处,路面应适当内低外高,这样有一部分支持力分量可以提供向心力,使汽车更安全,降低车辆侧滑风险,故C正确;D.车辆上坡过程中受到重力、支持力、摩擦力、牵引力,故D错误。
高一(下)第一次月考试卷及答案解析(原始打印版)
高一数学(下)第一次月考试卷一. 选择体(每小题5分,共60分)1 下面对算法描述正确的一项是:( )A 算法只能用自然语言来描述B 算法只能用图形方式来表示C 同一问题可以有不同的算法D 同一问题的算法不同,结果必然不同 2 用二分法求方程022=-x 的近似根的算法中要用哪种算法结构( ) A 顺序结构 B 条件结构 C 循环结构 D 以上都用3 将两个数8,17a b ==交换,使17,8a b ==,下面语句正确一组是 ( )A B C D4 当3=a 时,下面的程序段输出的结果是( )IF 10a < THEN2y a =*elsey a a =*PRINT yA 9B 3C 10D 65 用“辗转相除法”求得459和357的最大公约数是( )A 3B 9C 17D 516 当x )A 177 给出以下四个问题,①x , 输出它的相反数 ②求面积为6的正方形的周长③求三个数,,a b c 中输入一个数的最大数④求函数1,0()2,0x x f x x x -≥⎧=⎨+<⎩的函数值其中不需要用条件语句来描述其算法的有 ( ) A 1个 B 2个 C 3个 D 4个 8 下列说法错误的是 ( )A 在统计里,把所需考察对象的全体叫作总体B 一组数据的平均数一定大于这组数据中的每个数据C 平均数、众数与中位数从不同的角度描述了一组数据的集中趋势D 一组数据的方差越大,说明这组数据的波动越大 9 数据123,,,...,n a a a a 的方差为2σ,则数据1232,2,2,...,2n a a a a 的方差为( ) A 22σ B 2σ C 22σ D 24σ 10 某初级中学有学生270人,其中一年级108人,二、三年级各81人,现要利用抽样方法取10人参加某项调查,考虑选用简单随机抽样、分层抽样和系统抽样三种方案,使用简单随机抽样和分层抽样时,将学生按一、二、三年级依次统一编号为1,2, ……,270;使用系统抽样时,将学生统一随机编号1,2, ……,270,并将整个编号依次分为10段 如果抽得号码有下列四种情况:①7,34,61,88,115,142,169,196,223,250;②5,9,100,107,111,121,180,195,200,265;③11,38,65,92,119,146,173,200,227,254;④30,57,84,111,138,165,192,219,246,270;关于上述样本的下列结论中,正确的是( )A ②、③都不能为系统抽样B ②、④都不能为分层抽样C ①、④都可能为系统抽样D ①、③都可能为分层抽样 11 设有一个直线回归方程为2 1.5y x =-,则变量x 增加一个单位时( ) A y 平均增加1.5个单位B y 平均增加2个单位C y 平均减少1.5个单位D y 平均减少2个单位 12 用样本频率分布估计总体频率分布的过程中,下列说法正确的是( ) A 总体容量越大,估计越精确 B 总体容量越小,估计越精确 C 样本容量越大,估计越精确 D 样本容量越小,估计越精确二、填空题(每小题5分,共20分) 13 以下属于基本算法语句的是① INPUT 语句;②PRINT 语句;③IF-THEN 语句;④DO 语句;⑤END 语句; ⑥WHILE 语句;⑦END IF 语句 14 下列各数)9(85 、 )6(210 、 )4(1000 、 )2(111111中最小的数是____________15。
河北省邢台市第一中学2023-2024学年高一下学期5月月考语文试题(含答案)
邢台一中2023—2024学年第二学期第三次月考高一年级语文试题考试范围:必修下册第五单元、第八单元(《谏太宗十思疏》《答司马谏议书》《阿房宫赋》)说明:1.本试卷共8页,满分150分。
2.请将所有答案填写在答题卡上,答在试卷上无效。
一、现代文阅读(33分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共4小题,15分)阅读下面的文字,完成1—4题。
材料一:“家国天下”意识是中华文明长期延续的观念基础。
这一思想的形成,不仅与传统的道德观念有关,也与古代中国的地理环境以及独特的生产方式有关,是历史发展的逻辑使然。
中国幅员辽阔,边境线很长,民族、地理、文化多样,使得中国的治理难度极高。
然而,中国自夏、商、周三代以来便以“四土”“天下”为声威教化范围,这决定了古代中国的国家建构不能完全依赖政治与法律,还需要辅以德治。
三代德治以文武、周公之政为集大成,儒家将文武、周公之政视作礼乐教化的渊薮,并以之为王政典范来喻教历代君王。
礼乐教化的中心任务实际上是通过宗族认同以培育政治认同。
家国同构决定了政治关系实质上是由血缘关系来确立的,传统儒家以“君父—臣子”来表达这种关系。
由此在社会意识领域中,孝、忠合一,这成为“家国同构”的观念形态。
西周推行礼乐教化,并非是政治权力运用中的权宜之计,而是基本国策。
礼乐精神一经确立,这种以内制外、以德化民的做法便成为历代统治者遵奉的治国经典。
源于早期国家家国同构关系的伦理观也成为传统中国的重要价值观念。
周秦之后,“家国天下”观念之所以仍然能够流传后世,与历朝历代的德治国策有关。
在长达两千年的实践中,德治的形式日益广泛,既有显性的系统化程序,如朝廷规定教育、选士制度,也有“润物细无声”式的渗透影响,社会共识由此而凝聚,社会风气也由此而改变。
在“润物细无声”式的以德化民这方面,儒家所发挥的作用不可小视。
家国同构的观念被儒家进行了内在性的转化。
《论语·学而》篇言:“君子务本,本立而道生。
孝弟也者,其为仁之本与!”人们在家庭伦理中感受到的亲情血缘之爱,成为对他人之爱的起点,进而成为社会责任感与入世精神的基础。
江西省南昌市第十中学2023-2024学年高一下学期第二次月考语文试题(含答案)
南昌十中2023—2024学年下学期第二次月考高一语文试题一、现代文阅读(35 分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:学术研究是人所从事的具有知识生产属性的认识活动。
哲学认识论揭示:使用认识工具是认识活动必不可少的手段,认识工具不同,认识的方式和效果也不同。
人工智能作为重要的认识工具,对学术研究无疑具有重要的意义,这在“人工智能驱动的科学研究”中已有充分体现。
生成式AI作为人工智能发展的前沿成果,具有与人进行流畅对话的功能、文本生成能力和相关的理解和推理能力,从而在此基础上具有进行知识生产的效能,使其可以被应用于人类的学术研究,发挥前所未有的作用。
同任何技术的使用都包含积极和消极的双重效应一样,生成式A I 作为学术研究的新型工具被使用时,也具有双重效应:“助力”和“替代”。
客观地认识这种双重效应,对于更好地发挥其在学术研究中的积极作用具有重要意义。
学术研究是一项探新或创造活动,在初始阶段需要以大量的文献阅读、信息检索和资料整理作为必不可少的准备条件。
可以说,传统的学术研究耗时最多的就是相关文献的阅读、理解和整理,这个过程也是知识的学习、资料的搜集、视野的拓展、问题的发现乃至观点的形成和理据的寻获过程,因此,阅读量与研究质量密切相关。
足够的阅读才能明了研究的现状,找出未解决的问题所在,从而确定合适的研究主题,并通过旁征博引为自己主张的观点获取支持,如此等等。
同时,如果用于阅读的时间和精力过多,必然减少其他环节的投入,从而影响学术研究的“产出效率”。
更何况,在信息和数据里海量增长的背景下,人们常常感到学术性阅读无从下手,仅靠常规的、传统的阅读很难穷尽所有的相关文献,或者对文献的相关程度难以分辨。
为此,生成式AI的介入,可以在“助”读上为人提供新的帮助。
例如,用大数据训练生成式AI大模型,形同让它储存和“阅读”海量的学术文献,可以帮助人们分析某一课题的大量文本和数据,提取其中有价值的信息和关键的资料,辅助人们快速找到所需要的学术资源和内容。
2023-2024学年高一下学期第一次月考语文试卷(全解全析)
20232024学年高一语文下学期第一次月考卷(考试时间:150分钟试卷满分:150分)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的准考证号、姓名、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B 铅笔在“考场号”和“座位号”栏相应位置填涂自己的考场号和座位号。
将条形码粘贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.测试范围:第一、二单元(统编版必修下册)。
5.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,17分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5小题。
材料一:在《红楼梦》,那可说而未经人说的就是那悲剧之演成。
悲剧为什么演成?辛酸泪的解说在哪里?曰:一在人生见地之冲突,一在兴亡盛衰之无常。
我们先说第一个。
“天地生人,除大仁大恶,余者皆无大异。
”仁者秉天地之正气,恶者秉天地之邪气,至于那第三种却是正邪夹攻中的结晶品。
《红楼梦》中的贾宝玉、林黛玉便是这第三种人的基型。
普通分三种人为善恶与灰色。
悲剧之演成常以这三种人的互相攻伐而致成,惟《红楼梦》之悲剧,不是如此。
《红楼梦》里边,没有大凶大恶的角色,也没有投机骑墙的灰色人。
悲剧之演成,既然不是善恶之攻伐,然则是由于什么?曰:这是性格之不同,思想之不同,人生见地之不同。
在为人上说,都是好人,都是可爱,都有可原谅可同情之处,惟所爱各有不同,而各人性格与思想又各互不了解,各人站在个人的立场上说话,不能反躬,不能设身处地,遂至情有未通,而欲亦未遂。
悲剧就在这未通未遂上各人饮泣以终。
这是最悲惨的结局。
2022-2023学年高一下学期月考语文试卷含参考答案
2022-2023学年高一下学期月考语文试卷含参考答案一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读一(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:①儒道两家思想在漫长的历史过程中形成了相对独立、各具特色的文化传统,并逐渐形成了相辅相成的互补机制。
②首先是儒家追求发展与道家倡导复归互补。
儒家思想认为,社会和人性需要发展,通过后天的教育发展,才能充分地发挥其价值。
但是儒家在注重人性的进步与发展时过于理想化,忽略了其中可能出现的人性的扭曲或错误的引导。
这个时候,道家提出以“返朴归真”的思想来扭这种理想出现偏差的情况,提出要保持人性中先天的淳朴天性和人与人之间的宁静祥和。
但道家难以划清“复归”与“倒退”的界限,在追求本我回归的同时,却摒弃社会的发展,这也是相对偏执的。
儒道互补并不是折中,而是在人性的进步与发展的同时追求“复归于朴”的状态,这样使得人性既能在发展中积累智慧,亦能在发展的道路上始终保持本我的纯净自然。
③其次是儒家讲究务实与道家倡导求虚互补。
讲究务实是儒家的一大特点,人不仅生活在自然的世界中,也生活在社会中。
社会中的人区别于禽兽之处在于人是遵守伦理规范的。
孔子自述“七十而从心所欲不逾矩”,这就是儒家的要求。
儒家是注重现实主义的人学,而道家却往往超脱于现实。
道家偏重于讲自然之道,把自然之道当作最根本的东西,而仁义之类的出现是由于自然之道的隐没,因此他们追求“返朴归真”。
其途径常是将自己的身心调整到与自然合一的状态,如《庄子》中所描述的“坐忘”。
道家推崇超越意识,向往将自我的精神从市井中解放,以此来提高自己的精神境界。
在时代不断演替的过程中,儒家不断地从道家借鉴哲学思想,道家为了与现实生活联系得更加紧密,也一直向儒家学习处世思想。
虚实互补,在追求务实的同时,也将人们的思想境界提高到超脱于世俗的境界,这便形成了中国独有的哲学精神。
④最后是儒家追求阳刚与道家倡导贵柔互补。
儒家所倡导的人文精神是刚毅进取的,其“仁以为己任”“死而后已”的人生态度,“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈”的人格理想等,无不透露出儒家的阳明之气。
高一下第一次月考试卷以及答案
一、单项选择题13、关于曲线运动,下列说法正确的有A.做曲线运动的物体速度方向在时刻改变,故曲线运动是变速运动B.做曲线运动的物体,受到的合外力方向在不断改变C.只要物体做圆周运动,它所受的合外力一定指向圆心D.物体只要受到垂直于初速度方向的恒力作用,就一定能做匀速圆周运动14、如图所示,当汽车通过拱桥顶点的速度为10m/s时,车对桥顶的压力为车重的,如果要使汽车在粗糙的桥面行驶至桥顶时,不受摩擦力作用,则汽车通过桥顶的速度应为(g=10m/s2)()A.15 m/s B.20 m/s C. 25 m/s D. 30 m/s15、将一个物体以的速度从的高度水平抛出,落地时它的速度方向与水平地面的夹角为(不计空气阻力,取)A. B. C. D.16、如图所示,小船沿直线AB过河,船头始终垂直于河岸.若水流速度增大,为保持航线不变,下列措施与结论正确的是A.增大船速,过河时间不变B.增大船速,过河时间缩短C.减小船速,过河时间变长D.减小船速,过河时间不变二、双项选择17、汽车以―定速率通过拱桥时,下列说法中正确的是A.在最低点汽车对桥的压力大于汽车的重力B.在最高点汽车对桥的压力等于汽车的重力C.在最高点汽车对桥的压力小于汽车的重力D.汽车以恒定的速率过桥时,汽车所受的合力为零18、如图所示,可视为质点的、质量为m的小球,在半径为R的竖直放置的光滑圆形管道内做圆周运动,下列有关说法中正确的是()A.小球能够到达最高点时的最小速度为0B.小球能够通过最高点时的最小速度为C.如果小球在最高点时的速度大小为2,则此时小球对管道的外壁有作用力D.如果小球在最低点时的速度大小为,则小球通过最低点时与管道内壁有相互作用力19、如图所示,A、B是两个依靠摩擦传动轮,两轮半径大小关系为R A=2R B,则两轮边缘上的()A.线速度之比v A:v B=1:2 B.周期之比T A:T B=1:2C.角速度之比ωA:ωB=1:2 D.向心加速度之比a A:a B=1:220、火车轨道在转弯处外轨高于内轨,其高度差由转弯半径与火车速度确定.若在某转弯处规定行驶的速度为v,则下列说法中正确的是( ).A.当火车以v的速度通过此弯路时,火车所受重力与轨道面支持力的合力提供向心力B.当火车以v的速度通过此弯路时,火车所受重力、轨道面支持力和外轨对轮缘弹力的合力提供向心力C.当火车速度大于v时,轮缘挤压外轨D.当火车速度小于v时,轮缘挤压外轨21、如图所示,一个内壁光滑的圆锥筒的轴线垂直于水平面,圆锥筒固定不动,有两个质量相同的小球A和B紧贴着内壁分别在图中所示的水平面内做匀速圆周运动。
贵州省贵阳市第一中学2023-2024学年高一下学期6月月考语文试题(含答案)
高一语文试卷注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。
2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
在试题卷上作答无效。
3.考试结束后,请将答题卡交回。
满分150分,考试用时150分钟。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
材料一:“美”是什么?不同的人有不同见解,其实美一直都存在我们生活中的各个地方,而与我们朝夕相处的建筑则是对美最好的诠释。
但是,在不同的区域,不同的民族以及不同的时代对建筑之美则有不同的看法与总结。
建筑作为文化的重要组成部分,它如实地记载了人类文明发展的脚步,具有鲜明的时代特点和民族特色。
传统的西方建筑长期以石头为主体;而传统的东方建筑则一直是以木头为构架。
不同的建筑材料,使得中西方的古代建筑有了不同的艺术表现。
另外,与西方的石制建筑不同,中国传统造型特别强调“线型美”,讲究线条的婉转流动,从而构造出多种多样的飞檐。
可以说飞檐的设计是我国古典建筑中的璀璨明珠。
不同的飞檐形式往往会有不同的艺术效果,或轻灵,或朴实,或威严。
我国古典建筑的四大家——亭、台、楼、阁都用飞檐来标明自己的身份,表达自己的情感,而且飞檐的高低、长短往往会成为建筑设计的难点和要点。
而西方建筑则一般是垂直发展,建得又高又大,譬如罗马可里西姆大斗兽场高为48米,“万神殿”高43.5米,中世纪的圣索菲亚大教堂,其中央大厅穹窿顶离地达60米。
文艺复兴建筑中最辉煌的作品圣彼得大教堂,高137米。
它们以夸张的造型和撼人的尺度展示建筑的永恒与崇高,以体现人之伟力。
中国传统建筑最具有代表性的便是古典园林建筑,因深受儒家思想的影响,文人的追求和喜好左右着造园,因而中国的传统园林在实际意义上是文人园林,历来讲究“气韵生动”的美学原则,在本体认识的差异上,重视整体的和谐。
高一下月考物理基础知识点
高一下月考物理基础知识点近年来,随着教育的改革不断深入,物理作为一门重要的自然科学学科,也逐渐成为高中学生必修的一门课程。
在高一下学期的月考中,物理基础知识点的掌握成为考试中必不可少的一环。
本文将以高一下学期的物理基础知识点为主题,分析和总结重要的知识点,帮助同学们更好地备考。
首先,我们来介绍一下高一下学期物理基础知识点的大致范围。
在这个学期里,同学们将学习到电学、光学和力学等方面的知识。
电学方面,需要掌握电荷、电场、电势、电流、电阻和电路等课题。
光学方面,需要了解光的传播、反射、折射、光的波动和光的粒子性等内容。
力学方面,需要掌握力的概念、运动的描述、牛顿三定律、动量和能量等重要知识点。
在电学方面,了解电荷与电场之间的关系是非常重要的。
电荷可分为正电荷和负电荷,电荷与空间中的电场相互作用,并且电场可由电场线表示。
当一个电荷在电场中运动时,会受到电场力的作用,力的方向与电荷的正负有关。
此外,电场具有电势,电势随电荷量的增减而改变。
电路是电学中的核心概念之一,它由电源、导体和电阻器等组成。
需要了解并掌握串联电路和并联电路的基本原理,以及欧姆定律和功率的计算方法。
在光学方面,我们要了解光的传播与反射、折射的基本规律。
当光传播过程中遇到界面时,会发生反射和折射现象。
根据斯涅尔定律,入射角、反射角和折射角之间有一定的关系。
此外,光既具有波动性,又具有粒子性,这是光的双重性质。
通过掌握波长、频率和速度之间的关系,可以解释光的波动性。
而通过研究光的光子性质,可以更深入地理解光与物质的相互作用。
力学方面的知识点也是月考中必不可少的一部分。
首先,我们要了解力的概念和力的分类。
力是改变物体运动状态或形态的原因,有重力、弹力、摩擦力等不同类型的力。
牛顿三定律是力学中的核心概念之一,要熟悉它们的表述和应用。
第一定律也叫惯性定律,指出物体在外力作用下保持静止或匀速直线运动;第二定律描述物体的加速度与力的关系,F=ma;第三定律说明力都是相互作用的,相互之间大小相等、方向相反。
2010-2023历年重庆杨家坪中学高一下学期第一次月考历史试卷(带解析)
2010-2023历年重庆杨家坪中学高一下学期第一次月考历史试卷(带解析)第1卷一.参考题库(共20题)1.下列关于当今世界形势的说法,不正确的是()A.存在几大力量中心B.暂时形成一超多强局面C.形成了多极化格局D.美国是当今世界上惟一的超级大国2.某中学历史研究性学习小组开展了以“会馆的发展变迁”为课题的研究性学习,收集到下列相关信息,你认为正确的是( )①会馆是管理商业贸易的政府机构②会馆的出现是商品经济发展的结果③会馆的出现与明代的商帮密切相关④会馆是孕育资本主义萌芽的场所A.①③B.②④C.②③D.①②③3.祈盼“五谷丰登”“六畜兴旺”是我国古代劳动人民的一个美好愿望,这反映了中国古代农业经济的一个特点是 ( )A.我国古代劳动人民有家畜养殖的传统B.以种植业为主,家畜饲养业为辅C.用牛力耕田使精耕细作的农业生产模式日益完善D.采用“男耕女织”式的经营方式4.古代中国封建社会出现“有力者无田可耕,有田者无力可耕”现象的根本原因是( )A.贵族、官僚及豪强霸占良田B.封建土地制度的存在C.政府采取不抑兼并的政策D.地权和劳动者的分离5.下边是关于马歇尔计划的一幅漫画,漫画中的拉网人说:“来吧,小鱼!”后来被拉进网的“小鱼”不可能包括 ( )A.英国B.法国C.联邦德国D.苏联6.科学社会主义之所以科学,主要在于其()A.揭示了资本主义社会的基本矛盾B.揭示了剩余价值规律C.揭示了社会发展的客观规律D.揭示了资本主义的罪恶7.观察以下两幅漫画,根据图一反映的政治主题,判断图二走在送葬队伍的最前头的人是( )A.赫鲁晓夫B.勃列日涅夫C.戈尔巴乔夫D.叶利钦8.某同学在图书馆查阅资料时,发现了中国古代某地居民的一份职业结构表,据此推断这种职业结构最可能出现在何时何地 ( )自耕农·地主佃农工场主商人占总人口比例24%36%30%10%A.汉代江南地区 B.明代苏杭地区C.宋代太湖地区 D.唐代关中地区9.1961年9月,南斯拉夫总统铁托说:“当我们走上独立的道路而不同两个对立阵营的国家集团结盟的时候,当我们反对分裂世界的政策和拒绝这个政策所带来的一切时,我们选择了一条艰苦的道路。
地理月考知识点总结高一下
地理月考知识点总结高一下地理是一门重要的学科,它研究的是地球上的自然环境和人类活动。
在高一下学期的地理学习中,我们学习了许多重要的知识点,下面对这些知识点进行总结。
第一部分:地球与地图在地理学中,地球是我们研究的核心对象。
地球的形状是近似于一个椭球体,它由内核、外核、地幔和地壳组成。
我们使用地图来描述地球的地理信息。
地图上的各种符号、颜色和线条代表不同的地理特征和要素,比如山脉、河流、湖泊等。
第二部分:自然地理环境自然地理环境由地形、气候、水文等要素组成。
其中,地形是指地球表面的高度和形状。
地形的特征包括山地、平原、高原、盆地等。
气候是指一定时期内,某个地区的温度、湿度、降水等方面的变化。
气候类型包括热带气候、温带气候和寒带气候。
水文是指地球上的水资源的分布和运动规律,它包括河流、湖泊、海洋等。
第三部分:人文地理环境人文地理环境是指人类在地球上的居住和活动的地理环境。
人类的活动受到地理条件的制约,同时也对地理环境产生影响。
人类的活动包括农业、工业、城市化等。
农业是人类栽培农作物、养殖牲畜等的生产活动。
工业是指利用机械设备和人工劳动力进行物质生产的活动。
城市化是人口向城市集中的过程,城市化会产生许多社会经济问题。
第四部分:地理知识的应用地理知识在生活中有许多应用。
例如,地理知识可以帮助我们选择合适的旅游目的地,了解该地的地貌、气候和文化特色。
地理知识还可以帮助我们预测天气变化,合理规划农业生产,并提出对环境的保护建议。
此外,地理知识还与其他学科有着密切的联系,比如历史、经济、政治等。
结论通过对地理月考知识点的总结,我们了解到地理学的重要性和应用价值。
地理知识帮助我们认识和理解地球,促进我们对世界的探索和发展。
在今后的学习中,我们应该更加关注和深入学习地理知识,将其应用到实际生活中。
只有不断积累地理知识,我们才能更好地了解和改善我们居住的地球。
2022~2023年高一下半年第一次月考化学(湖南省娄底市第一中学)
选择题联合国大会确定2019年是“国际化学元素周期表年”。
下列说法错误的是A. 短周期共有18种元素B. 元素周期表中有118种元素,即发现了118种原子C. 在元素周期表金属与非金属的分界处可以找到半导体材料D. 元素周期表中的每个周期都是按原子序数递增的顺序从左到右进行排列的【答案】B【解析】A.短周期元素为前三周期元素,元素种类分别为2、8、8,共18种,选项A正确;B、目前元素周期表有118种元素,某些元素具有同位素,如H有H、D、T三种原子,则原子的种类多于118种,选项B错误;C、金属元素的单质容易导电,而非金属元素的单质不容易导电,因此在元素周期表中金属与非金属的分界处,可以找到半导体材料,选项C正确;D、元素周期表中的每个周期都是按原子序数递增的顺序从左到右进行排列的,选项D正确;答案选B。
选择题试判断115号元素在元素周期表中的位置是()。
A.第七周期第IIIA族B.第七周期第VA族C.第五周期第VIIA族D.第五周期第IIIA族【答案】B【解析】第七周期最后一种元素的原子序数为118,是0族元素,从右到左,族的排序依次为0族、第ⅦA族、第ⅦA族、第VA族、第ⅦA族、第ⅦA 族……。
第115号元素和118号元素的原子序数相差3,所以第115号元素位于第七周期第VA族。
故选B。
选择题下列反应既是氧化还原反应,又是放热反应的是( )A.Ba(OH)2·8H2O与NH4Cl的反应B.灼热的炭与CO2的反应C.铝片与稀硫酸的反应D.红热的焦炭与水蒸气的反应【答案】C【解析】A.和发生的是复分解反应不属于氧化还原反应,并且该反应吸热,不符合题意,A项错误;B.C与CO2在高温条件下发生氧化还原反应生成CO,该反应是吸热反应,不符合题意,B项错误;C.铝片与稀硫酸发生的是置换反应,属于氧化还原反应,并且也是放热反应,符合题意,C项正确;D.C与水蒸气在高温下发生的是氧化还原反应,生成CO和H2,该反应属于吸热反应,不符合题意,D项错误;答案选C。
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高一下月考资料25. —His mother was ill and he had to look after her in hospital.—That’s ________ he was absent from the meeting.A. becauseB. whatC. whyD. which26. After the hurricane was over, the citizens looked at ________ was left of their houses, feelingsad.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. all31. —Mum, hurry up. We’ll be late.—I will be through in a minute. Have a little ________.A. timeB. patienceC. customD. presence34. Look at the sign, Sir. We don’t permit ________ in the hall.A. smokeB. to smokeC. smokingD. to have a smoke7. It was because of bad weather______________ the football match had to be putoff.A. soB. so thatC. whyD. that. _______ of their ancestors who made their living by hunting, the grown-ups ______up as hunters and the children as different animals.A. In honor; putB. In memory; dressedC. In honor; were dressedD. In memory; wore–You should have apologized to them for not ______ at the party.--I ________ but they didn’t forgive me anyway.A. coming up; didB. turning up; didC. showing up; should haveD. appearing; should10. My grandfather is such a forgetful person that he has to _______ many things, even his dailymeals.A. be remembered byB. be reminded ofC. be memorizedD. be reminded12. Your friend acts ______ he were a trustworthy person but as a matter of fact he seldomkeeps_____. So remember not to trust him with anything important.A. as if; his wordsB. as though; his word B. even if; his promise D. even though; hispromises13. In common ______ other boys of his age, my young son is looking forward to _______ thepermission to date.A. to; be givenB. with; being givenC. like; being givenD. as; be given15. A group of children ______ around the old man, listening to him telling the story and they______ when it came to something really exciting.A. were gathered; held their breathsB. gathered; held their breathC. gathered; held their breathsD. were gathered; held theirbreath24. Remember never to tell a lie to others. If you did, you would never ______it and it is more_____ that you will be discovered before long.A. get away with; likelyB. get away from; possibleC. get away with; possiblyD. get away from; probable25. ---You ought to have educated your son not to have eaten so much junk food, such as friedchicken, roasted mutton, smoked bacon and the like.---I _______ .A. did but he didn’t listenB. ought to and he wouldn’t listenC. ought to have; but he didn’t listenD. should have but he hadn’t listenedIs this the girl_____________________ whom I can turn for help? Is she good at this subject?A. toB. withC. inD. at21. —Can you give an example to show how useful a computer is?—Sure. ___________ people get ___________ information from it every day.A. A large number of; plenty ofB. The number of; a lot ofC. Lots of; a lotD. Many a; a great deal of24. —Our new teacher’s English is difficult for me to ___________.—Why don’t you ask your brother ___________ help?A. understand; withB. follow; forC. speak; forD. pick up; by25. Mr Baker _______ in his old clothes, while his wife ______ a very beautiful skirt.A. dressed; was wearingB. was dressed; was having onC. was dressed; was wearingD. was wearing; was dressed28. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought as he ______ himself in the mirror.A. lookedB. showedC. admiredD. enjoyed29. We are all looking forward ______ the Great Wall during the National Day.A. to visitingB. to visitC. for visitingD. for a visit to31. It looks _______ you are ill. You should go to see the doctor.A. asB. as thoughC. whichD. whether33. _______ it is to go for a picnic on such a fine day!A. What a funB. What funC. How funny C. How a fun34. — It was careless of you to have left the house without turning off the gas.— My god! _______.A. So were youB. So was IC. So did ID. So I didWhen I was a boy, every holiday that I had seemed wonderful. My 36 took me by train or by car to a hotel by the 37 . All day, I seem to remember, I 38 on the sands with strange 39 children. We made houses and gardens, and 40 the tide destroy them. When the tide went out, we 41 over the rocks and looked down at the fish in the rock-pools.In those days the 42 seemed to shine always brightly 43 the water was always warm. Sometimes we left beach and walked in the country, 44 ruined houses and dark woods and climbing trees. There were 45 in one’s pockets or good places where one could46 ice creams. Each day seemed a lifetime.Although I am now thirty-five years old, my idea of a good 47 is much the same as it was. I 48 like the sun and warm sand and the sound of 49 beating the rocks. I no longer wish to 50 any sand house or sand garden, and I dislike sweets. 51 , I love the sea and often feel sand running through my fingers.Sometimes I 52 what my ideal (理想的) holiday will be like when I am 53 . All I want to do then, perhaps, will be to lie in bed, reading books about 54 who make houses and gardens with sands, who watch the incoming tide, who make themselves 55 on too many ices…36. A. teacher B. parents C. nurse D. younger sister37. A. sea B. lake C. mountain D. river38. A. played B. slept C. sat D. stood39. A. moving B. exciting C. anxious D. nervous40. A. made B. brought C. watched D. heard41. A. rolled B. jumped C. turned D. climbed42. A. light B. sun C. moon D. lamp43. A. and B. yet C. but D. or44. A. exploring B. examining C. repairing D. measuring45. A. sweets B. sand C. ice-creams D. money46. A. make B. sell C. buy D. offer47. A. house B. holiday C. garden D. tide48. A. hardly B. almost C. still D. perhaps49. A. waves B. tides C. hands D. feet50. A. destroy B. fix C. use D. build51. A. But B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides52. A. wonder B. feel C. understand D. believe53. A. strong B. weak C. young D. old54. A. children B. boys C. girls D. grown-ups55. A. happy B. tired C. sad D. sick/In the 1880’s, Mark Twain established and operated his own publishing firm. He also became interested in various investments, especially an elaborate typesetting machine. He lost almost$200,000 in investments in the machine between 1881 and 1894. Also, his publishing company declared bankruptcy (破产) in April 1894. Thus, in January 1895, Mark Twain found himself publicly shamed by his inability to pay his debts.Mark Twain eventually recovered from his financial difficulties, through his continued writing and a successful lecture tour in 1895 and 1896. During this much-publicized tour, Twain lectured in such places as India, South Africa and Australia. By the time he returned, he had become an international hero. Twain enjoyed this attention, and his habits of smoking cigars or a pipe and wearing unconventional white suits contributed to his showy image. He also made use of his position as a public figure to criticize the US foreign policy.Although he was recovering from his financial problems by 1898, Mark Twain had begun to experience tragedy in his personal life. Susy, his oldest daughter, died of meningitis (脑膜炎) in 1896, while her parents and sister Clara were abroad. In 1903, Mark Twain sold the beloved house in Hartford, which had become too closely associated with Susy's death. His wife, Olivia, who had developed a heart condition, died on June 5, 1904. His youngest daughter, Jean, died on Dec. 24, 1909.56. Which is not the reason why Mark Twain found himself in debt?A.Because he devoted all his energy to his writings.B.Because his publishing firm bankruptcy.C.He lost almost $ 200 000 in investments in the machine between 1881 and 1894D.Because he lost a large quantity of money in various investments.57. How did Mark Twain pay off his debts?A.By borrowing money from the bank.B.By investing in foreign countries.C.By writing articles and a successful lecture tour.D.By printing his own articles and selling them for money.58. It can be inferred that Mark Twain ________________.A.hated smoking cigarsB.liked wearing black clothesC.hated the US foreign policy at that timeD.hated giving lectures in the foreign countriesCustoms are social habits. They have been handed down through generations (代) among groups, social classes, etc. Customs can be described as ways of doing things. They are particularly (特别) strong in social practices on the occasions (场合) of births, marriages and deaths.In China, these days, some people in cities are learning from Western customs. For example, some brides dress in the long white dress that is usual bridal wear in many Western countries.Every people (民族) has special customs for New Year. The Han people have many interesting Spring Festival customs. And now, quite a number of people living in the cities have followed the Western customs of sending New Year greeting cards for January 1st.One interesting custom in China is that mothers wrap (包) up their babies tightly (紧紧的).This is not the custom in Western countries, where babies are usually dressed in loose garments.61. It is true that customs .A. have been formed during a short timeB. have been formed little by littleC. have been quickly formed and changedD. have never been changed62. In this pa ssage, the word ―garment‖ is .A. a kind of foodB. a bedC. a sort of clothesD. a room63. How do the Chinese young people learn from Western countries at their marriages?A. The brides(新娘)have on the white clothes.B. Men wear the white coats.C. Their parents all have attended their marriages.D. Their marriages are only held in the men’s homes.64. From this passage we know .A. the people all over China spend New Year in the same wayB. people in the villages and cities send New Year greeting cards to each otherC. each people has his special custom for New YearD. most of Chinese people take Spring Festival seriously65. The difference about clothing between Chinese and Western babies is that .A. Chinese babies are usually dressed in new clothesB. Chinese mothers are used to dressing their babies in colourful clothesC. Western babies are dressed in bigger clothes while Chinese babies are usually wrappedD. Western babies have more clothes than Chinese babiesBCACCCThe pen is more powerful than the sword. There have been many writers who use their pens to write things that were wrong. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of them.She was born in the U. S. A. in 1811. One of her books not only made her famous but has been described as one that excited the world, and was helpful in causing a civil war and freeing the enslaved race. The civil war was the American Civil War of 1861, in which the Northern States fought the Southern States and finally won.This book that shook the world was called Uncle Tom's Cabin. There was a time when every English-speaking man, woman, and child had read this novel that did so much to stop slavery. Not many people read it today, but it is still very interesting, if only to show how a warm-hearted writer can arouse people's sympathies. The author herself had neither been to the Southern States nor seen a slave. The Southern Americans were very angry at the book, which they said did not at all represent the true state of affairs, but the Northern Americans were widely excited over it, and were so inspired by it that they were ready to go to war to set the slaves free.46. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe became famous for .A. one of her booksB. she was a very heartedly personC. she was a kind wifeD. she worked for the war47. How old was Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe when her world famous book was published?A. About sixty years old.B. Over fifty years old.C. In her forties.D. Around twenty years old.48. What do we learn about Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe from the passage?A. Before the civil war she had been a slave.B. Before the civil war she had lived in the north of America.C. She had a good school education.D. She was better at writing than swinging a sword.49. Why could Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe's book cause a civil war in America?Because .A. she disclosed the terrible wrongs done to the slaves in the Southern StatesB. she wrote so well that the Americans loved her very muchC. the Americans were too excited when they reads the bookD. the Southern Americans hated the book, while the Northern Americans liked it50. What can we learn from the passage?A. No wok can be won without such a book as Uncle Tom's Cabin.B. We must understand the importance of literature and art.C. We needn't use weapons to fight things that are wrong.D. A writer is more helpful in war than a soldier.ACBABYou have heard of Webster Toys. Websters have made good safe and interesting toys for more than a hundred years. Now we sell them, and children play with them, in countries from New Zealand to Norway(挪威), and from Japan to Brazil(巴西). We are looking for someone to sell our toys in the Far East. He(She) will be between the ages of thirty and forty. He will already have some years of selling in world markets behind him. He will speak good English and at least one other language of the Far East.The person we are looking for will live in Singapore, and work in our office there but he will travel for up to six months in other countries in one year. He will know the Far East well. He should know how to sell in established(建立) markets and where to find new ones. He will know to make more money than ever, for himself and for Webster Toys.Websters want someone who can stand on his own feet. If you think you are the person we are looking for, write to Mr.J.Sloman at our office. Webster Toys Company Church Mill Watford.51. What are Webster Toys?A. An old kind of toys.B. Factories where good, safe and interesting toys are made.C. People who are famous for making toys for children.D. A company that has been making and selling toys.52.We can most probably read the text _______.A. I a bookB. in a dictionaryC. in a novelD. in a newspaper53 . Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. If you are thirty years old, you can apply for the position.B. If you live in Singaore, you can get the position.C. If you speak good English , you can get the position.D. The company is looking for some salesmen or saleswomen.ADDShort and shy, Ben saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. ―Football, tennis, cricket---anything with a round ball, I was useless,‖ he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the object of jokes in school gym classes in England’s rural Devonshire.It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first the teen went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to cycle along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed, strength and endurance. At age 18, he ran his first marathon.The following year, he met John Ridgway, who became famous in the 1960s for rowing an open boat across the Atlantic Ocean. Saunders was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s School of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about the older man’s cold-water exploits(成就). Intrigued, Saunders read all he could about Arctic explorers and North Pole expeditions, then decided that this would be his future.Journeys to the Pole aren’t the usual holidays for British country boys, and many people dismissed his dream as fantasy. John Ridway was one of the few who didn’t say, ―You’re completely crazy,‖ Saunders says.In 2001, after becoming a skilled skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition toward the North Pole. He suffered frostbite, had a close encounter(遭遇) with a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit.Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he’s skied more of the Arctic by himself than any other Briton. His old playmates would not believe the transformation.This October, Saunders, 27, heads south to explore from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, an 1800-mile journey that has never been completed on skis.46. The turning point in Saunders’ life came when________.A. he started to play ball gamesB. he got a mountain bike at age 15C. he ran his first marathon at age 18D. he started to receive Ridgway’s training47. We can learn from the text that Ridgway_________.A. dismissed Saunders’ dream as fantasyB. built up his body together with SaundersC. hired Saunders for his cold-water experienceD. won his fame for his voyage across the Atlantic48. What do we know about Saunders?A. He once worked at a school in Scotland.B. He followed Ridgway to explore the North Pole.C. He was chosen for the school sports team as a kid.D. He was the first Briton to ski alone to the North Pole.49. The underlined word ―Intrigued‖ in the third paragraph p robably means______.A. excitedB. convincedC. delightedD. fascinated50. It can be inferred that Saunders’ journey to the North Pole _______.A. was accompanied by his old playmatesB. set a record in the North Pole expeditionC. was supported by other Antarctic explorersD. made him well-known in the 1960sBDADBAHave you ever heard of a shamrock (三叶草)? It’s not a rock, it’s a kind of Ireland. Finding one with four leaves brings you good luck.Chinese can now visit Ireland and see shamrocks for themselves. The two countries’ governments agreed on this last week.Ireland is on an island in northwestern Europe, next to England. Dublin, the capital, is its largest city.When people think of Ireland, they think of green plants all over it. In fact, one name for Ireland is the ―Emerald Isle (悲翠岛)‖.There are lots of old castles on Ireland’s hills, and peo ple tell old stories about them.Ireland is also famous for its folk music and art. The country is known for its harp (竖琴) and flute (长笛)music. Ireland also has some fun dances.Lots of Irish moved to America around 1850 because they were starving. The Irish eat lots of potatoes. But at that time potatoes there were dying.Irish around the world celebrate St. Patrick’s Day (圣帕特里克节)every March St. Patrick taught have parades (游行), sing, dance, eat Irish food and drink beer.36. What is a symbol of Ireland?A. Emerald Isle.B. Shamrock.C. Harp.D. Flute.37. It is said that when you find a shamrock with four leaves, you’ll be____________.A. healthyB. happyC. luckyD. rich38. Why is Ireland al so called ―Emerald Isle‖?A. Because the Irish like green very much.B. Because there’re many emeralds in the island.C. Because the island is covered with green plants.D. Because the Irish are green people.39. Which of the following is Ireland NOT famous for?A. Music.B. Art.C. Dance.D. Sports.40. Lots of Irish people _______________ to move to America around 1850.A. were gladB. were willingC. hadD. were luckyBCCDCI would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot-air ballon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometres an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is estimated (figure out) that 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as dangerous as bungee jumping include jumping from high building and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modem societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly under threat. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival.46. More and more people today .A. are climbing the highest mountainsB. are trying activities such as bungee jumpingC. are coming close to death in sportsD. are looking for adventures such as exploring unknown places47. In bungee jumping, you .A. jump as high as you canB. slide down a rope to the groundC. attach yourself to a rope and fall to the groundD. fall towards the ground without a rope48. People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because .A. they have a lot of free timeB. they no longer need to hunt for foodC. their lives lack excitementD. they can go to hospital if they are injured49. The writer of the text has a attitude towards dangerous sports.A. negativeB. nervousC. positiveD. neutralBCCDDMr. Frank shot well and once he had come in fourth in a competition.Then he went to a big city on business. There he joined the local rifle club. The club had a very good team, which used to take part in a lot of important shooting competitions. One of these took place while Frank was with them. But one of the members of the club's team suddenly fell ill just before the match. The captain had heard of Mr. Frank. He therefore invited Mr. Frank to take the sick man's place.Mr. Frank felt greatly happy to be asked to shoot for such a good team, but he also felt very nervous, because he was afraid of making a fool of himself.In fact, he was so nervous that he could not keep his hands from trembling while he was shooting, with the result that he did very badly in the competition. When he took his score card to his captain, he said:" After seeing my score, I want to go outside and shoot myself. " The captain looked at the card for a few seconds and then said, "Well, you'd better take two bullets with you if you want to do that. "50. Mr. Frank once in a competition.A. joined the fourth teamB. took the fourth placeC. was the fourth to start shootingD. shot with the other three51. Why did Mr. Frank feel nervous to be asked to shoot for the team? Because .A. actually he was not good at shootingB. he thought the captain and the other members would fool himC. he was afraid of losing face before so many good shootersD. he would lose a lot of money if he should fail52. When Frank said, "After seeing my score, I want to go outside and shoot myself",he meant to say that .A. he wants to practice shooting all by himselfB. he wanted to find out the reason for his failureC. he was too shamed of himself to remain inside and face the captain and the othermembersD. he wanted to kill himself with the rifle53. By saying "You had better take two bullets with you if you want to do that", thecaptain actually meant to sayA. "We haven't got so many bullets for you to practice shooting."B. "You can't improve your shooting with only one bullet."C. "I don't believe you can keep your hands from shaking this time."D. "you are such a bad shooter that one bullet is certainly not enough to end youlife with."54. According to this passage, which of the following is wrong?A. He fired several shots and they all missed the target.B. The captain wasn't satisfied with Frank and laughed at him.C. In the big city Frank was admitted to the local rifle club.D. Frank could have done better in the competition.BCCDAHe is a famous p________ and his poems are popular with the youth.5. It is not his custom to d________ his sadness in wine.6. She entered the lab without _____________ (许可).1. The proud man said he would rather s_______ than beg for food.10. He got a lot of __________ (奖状) for his excellent study.。