英汉翻译—考研英语笔记

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星火英语专业考研考点精梳与精炼英汉互译节选(二)

湖北大学题1，translate the passage below into Chinese.（湖北大学2004研，考试科目：翻译与写作）Even if the word “pop”disappears from the English vocabulary, the influence of pop will remain. Pop has become part of Britain and American history.There has always been a close culture link, or tie, between British and English-speaking America, not only in literature but also in the popular arts, especially music. Before the Second World War the Americans exported jazz and the blues. During the 1950s they exported rock n‘roll, and star singers like Elvis Presley were idolized by young Britons and Americans alike.The people responsible for the pop revolution were 4 Liverpool boys who joined together in a group called themselves the Beatles. They played in small clubs in the back streets of the city. Unlike the famous solo stars who had their songs written for them, the Beatles wrote their own words and music. They had a close personal relationship with their audience, and they expected them to join in and dance to the “beat”of the music. Audience participation is an essential characteristic of pop culture.参考译文即便“流行”这个单词渐渐地从英语词汇中消失，“流行”的影响力依然存在，它已经成为英国和美国历史的一部分。

考研英语二英译汉打卡第十周题目部分

考研英语二英译汉打卡第十周第一，高分作文的特点在考研英语二的英译汉部分中，高分作文往往具有以下几个特点：1. 准确理解原文意思：高分作文要求考生能够准确理解原文的意思，包括文中的细节和逻辑结构。

只有准确理解原文，才能更好地进行翻译。

2. 流畅自然的表达：高分作文需要考生具备流利的英语表达能力，避免中式英语和生硬的翻译。

表达自然流畅是高分作文的重要标志之一。

3. 结构清晰的篇章：高分作文要求考生在翻译过程中能够保持原文的逻辑结构和篇章结构，做到表达准确、连贯。

第二，提升翻译水平的方法要想在考研英语二的英译汉部分取得高分，考生需要不断提升自己的翻译水平。

以下是一些提升翻译水平的方法：1. 多读多练：阅读是提升翻译水平的重要途径。

考生需要多读一些优秀的英文原著，多练习翻译，积累大量的词汇和表达方式。

2. 注意语言环境：考生需要注重英语语言环境的积累，包括英语听力、口语、阅读和写作等方面的训练。

只有在良好的语言环境下，才能更好地进行翻译。

3. 注重语言细节：在翻译过程中，考生需要注意语言细节，包括词汇、语法、语气和语境等方面的准确把握，避免译文中出现错误或不准确的情况。

第三，提高翻译效率的技巧除了提升翻译水平，考生还需要注意提高翻译效率的技巧。

以下是一些提高翻译效率的技巧：1. 快速审题：考生需要在有限的时间内快速审题，准确把握原文的主题、要点和逻辑结构，避免在翻译过程中出现偏离主题的情况。

2. 熟练运用工具：考生可以在翻译过程中熟练运用各类翻译工具，包括上线翻译软件、词典和专业术语工具，提高翻译的准确性和效率。

3. 合理安排时间：考生需要合理安排翻译时间，对于不熟悉的词汇和句型可以留一定的时间进行查找和对比，提高翻译质量。

第四，总结考研英语二的英译汉部分是考生考查翻译水平和语言表达能力的重要环节，要想取得高分，考生需要在平时多读多练，提升自己的翻译水平，同时注意提高翻译效率的技巧，合理安排时间，才能在考试中做好英译汉的作文。

2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析_1

2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflection on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to relyon their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.解析：(46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.结构分析：Traditionally 主语//legal learning被动结构（固定结构）// has been viewed in such institutions //as the special preserve of lawyers, 比较结构//rather than 多重后置定语//a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.词义推敲：traditionally 传统上来说legal learning 法律的学习view …as…把…看作…institutions 公共机构the special preserve of lawyers 律师专有的特权/权利preserve 禁区，防护物，引申为律师专有的权利rather than 而不是necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person 多重后置定语结构——后浪推前浪，我们可以翻译为：受过教育的人的知识储备所必需的一部分intellectual equipment 知识装备/储备/才能an educated person 受过教育的人参考译文：传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律看成是律师专有的特权，而不是一个受过教育的人的知识才能必须的部分。

考研英语-英译汉

英译汉推荐书目《英语难句全攻略》，张满胜、夏崎荣主编。

北京：新华出版社，2007。

5定价：28元翻译的三个层次理解：准确、充分地把握作者的原意：转写：把所理解的意思用通顺的中文忠实地加以转述；翻译：不但要求忠实、通顺，还要求译文有文采和艺术性，形神兼备。

由于时间有限，而且对于大多数应试者来说翻译不是必备专业技能，一般考试翻译达到转写的层次就可以了。

考博翻译的主要难点长难句的理解和翻译/选用恰当的词汇/实质是调整结构和选择用词，前者相对容易，而后者需要时间和修炼！结构层面定语从句/同位语从句/部分状语从句/被动变主动/It作形式主语的句子基本手法是前挪后移词汇层面增加/删除/改变（包括指代词it，them的翻译）/副词的翻译分析长句，理解短句长句是由短句变来的（废话！但废话有废话的道理）英语中任何一个长句，都是在五个基本句型基础之上通过并列和从属的手段变得越来越长的抓住主谓，分清层次，是理解长句的唯一策略。

长句的翻译总策略：长句分短！短句变长的路线图Britain must face the problem.Britain must seriously face the problem of building upwards.Britain must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating……Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.分析长句Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.定语从句的翻译译一译：Space and oceans are the new world which scientists ate trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。

【考研翻译】2炙热考点【课堂笔记】

翻译炙热考点一．从多变到一致以语境为媒介！1.英汉词汇均多义——义由境生2.英语用词多替换——互文现义（近义词、指代关系）We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconsciouscomfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworthsaid in the 19th century.The monkey’s operate a tractor. By the age ofsolo on the vehicle.There will be television shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitorsthat will disable themwhen they offend.3.【真题范例】Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting allother life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. [2003-61-36]而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence…[2010-46-31]科学家赶快用明显站不住脚的证据来救驾he believes that this very difficulty…[2008-46-32]Darwin was convinced thatthe loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness[2008-50-33]【返回】二．从抽象到具体1.名词转换为动词词组或分句Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst.Even an elementary knowledge of statistics is sufficient to enable the journalist to avoid misleadinghis readers.2.动词加入适当的宾语或转义（状语）There men wrote and published extensively,reaching both New World and Old World audiences,and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.3.【真题范例】This seems这种观点看似just→justify→ justification在证明忽视那些经济拮据的人是正确的剥削the superiority of those at the top andthe inferiority of those at the bottom.Rational→rationalize也在证明剥削、社会上层的优越感及社会底层的自卑感是合理的。

上海外国语大学考研英语语言文学英汉互译词法翻译专项总结分享

上海外国语大学考研英语语言文学英汉互译词法翻译专项练习总结一、具体译法（一）单词和句子示例1. transportation2. advertisement3. propaganda4. translation5. government6. There had been too much violence in that region.7. Your dejection will do no good to your health.8. John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long.9. Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall.10. The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.练习：1. We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water.2. All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding.3. We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.4. His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness.5. The black people were fighting against the segregation of the government.6. press7. retirement8. class9. committee10. family二、抽象译法：1. I have no head for music.2. You can always fall back upon him when you are in trouble.3. This testimony puts quite a new face on the whole matter.4. I was practically on my knees but he still refused.5. Since I only got the news at second hand, I took it with a grain of salt.6. 别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，这是个顺风耳啊！You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed.7. 她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。

大学英语考研翻译—英译汉试题集

大学英语考研翻译—英译汉试题集一、考研英语翻译英译汉1．The general manager public relations person as well as the head of the company’s management.A) 总经理不仅要当好公关人员，而且要领导好公司。

B) ，也一定要当好公司的领导。

C) 总经理不仅是公司的管理首脑，还必须起某种公关人物的作用。

D) 总经理要管理好自己的公司，首先必须管理好公司的公关人员。

【答案】C2． If you require , your application should be in the Student Financial Aid Services at least three weeks before your registration date.A) 如果你需要资助学费，应向助学办公室提出申请，。

B) 如果你需要申请贷款交纳学费，你应该至少在三周内到助学办公室登记注册。

C) 如果你需要减免学费，应到助学办公室提出申请，手续。

D) 如果你需要学费资助，最迟应该在注册日期三周前将你的申请交到助学办公室。

【答案】D3． Bidding documents can be obtained at the following address upon receipt of a non-refundable payment of RMB ￥2.799 each set.A) 标书要寄到下列地址，2，799元，标书文本不得更改。

B) 招标文件可在下列地址获取，每套文件为人民币2，799元，不可退换。

C) 可向下列地址索取招标文件，每套需支付人民币2，799元，恕不退款。

D) 到下列地点办理相关招标手续，交付人民币2，799元，标书不得更改。

【答案】C4． Peace and development are the main themes(主题)of the times, an era full of both hope and challenges．A．和平与发展是充满了时代希望和挑战的主题。

考研英语英译汉

考研英语英译汉英语和汉语是两种完全不同的语言，其思维方式和表达习惯可以说是千差万别，不了解这些差别，翻译时肯定会四处碰壁、头破血流。

因此，要解决翻译中的难题，一个很关键的步骤是了解英语跟汉语的区别。

下面我们就重点分析十大区别：一、英语重结构，汉语重语义我国著名语言学家王力先生曾经说过：“就句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。

”(《中国语法理论》，《王力文集》第一卷，第35页，山东教育出版社，1984年)我们看一看下面的例子：Chidren will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in_ built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell_television, and digital age will have arrived(2001年第72题)译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，到这时数字时代就来到了。

这句英语是由四个独立句构成的并列句，前三个句子都用简单将来时，最后一个句子用的是将来完成时，句子之间的关系通过时态、逗号和并列连词and表示得一清二楚。

而汉语译文明显就是简单的叙述，至于句子之间的关系完全通过句子的语义表现出来：前三个句子可以看成是并列关系，最后一个句子则表示结果。

从中文到英文的翻译中，语义与结构的区别就更加明显。

街头笑话"Good good study, day day up."和"You don know, who know！"之所以好笑，是因为"好好学习，天天向上。

"和"你不知道，谁知道？"是典型的中文表达，直接翻译成英文不符合英文语法。

大学英语考研试题翻译—英译汉及答案

大学英语考研试题翻译—英译汉及答案一、考研英语翻译英译汉1． It is better to take your time at this job than to hurry and make mistakes．A．最好的工作要慢慢找，不要太着急。

B．工作中不要太急，免得出错。

C．干这活最好要慢点不要匆忙，免得出错。

D．最好要多花点时间在工作上，免得忙中出错。

【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”和“take yore time”。

“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”这个句型表示是两件事情的比较，“最好采取……，而不是……”选项A理解出错，选项B没有把这种比较的意思表达出来，选项D 没有翻译出“this job”。

知识模块：英译汉2． Not until the problem 0f talents and funds is solved, is our talking about the project meaningful．A．不到解决人才和资金问题的时候，无须讨论这项工程的。

B．讨论这项工程有无意义要看人才和资金问题能否得到解决。

C．只有解决了人才和资金问题，讨论这项工程才有意义。

D．解决人才和资金问题与讨论这项工程具有同样重要的意义。

【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是对“Not until…”这个句型的理解。

该句表示强调，意为“直到……才”。

选项D对句型理解有误。

选项A和选项B没有把强调的语气翻译出来，且选项A后半句有漏译现象。

知识模块：英译汉3． us of the overcharge on your account and we have contacted the store on your behalf and are awaiting their reply.A) 承蒙告知您受到恶意透支的指控，我们已经派代表与商店联系并正在等待回音。

(考研英语翻译)武峰十二天英汉翻译技巧笔记总结

武峰十二天英汉翻译技巧笔记总结一、步骤及句子类型1.英译汉主要步骤：1、断句2、翻译3、重读译文2.汉译英主要步骤：1、断句2、找谓语3、翻译4、重读译文3.句子类型●长句，无逗号或很少有逗号●先断句，再翻译，再重读●长句，有大量逗号，无需断句●先判断句与句之间的逻辑关系，再决定哪个先翻译，哪个后翻译，再重读●长句，有大量逗号，有大量生词●直接按照原有顺序翻译，查明每个生词的用法，最后重读让句子更加通顺●短句，无逗号●再短的句子也要有逗号，“剥洋葱”的翻译方法4.断句●原有标点处断句，其次从句处，然后非谓语动词处，再介词短语处，最后主语过长也应断句，而且要单独翻译二、中英文三大差异及个别不同1.语言顺序●中：先出主语➕废话（定语、状语、补语、插入语）➕最重要成分●英：先出主语➕最重要部分➕废话（定语、状语、补语、插入语）2.句子结构●中：善用短句且用标点符号●英：善用长句，不注重标点符号使用3.代词●中文不善用代词（最少用的就是第三人称，因为读音类似）●中文不怕重复●英文善用代词来避免重复，在每个名词前需要有代词或是冠词●英文怕重复4.动静态语言●中文是动态语言，善用动词、形容词和副词●英文是静态语言，善用名词（从句、介词等多）5.意合形合●中文是意合语言，一般没有什么连词，主要通过句子之间的意思来体会相互之间的关系●英文是形合语言，一般有连词，主要通过句与句之间的连词来判断句子之间的关系6.被动●中文中少用被，因为“被”字含贬义●英文中无主语句子比较多，所以被动语态比较频繁7.主语●中文善用人和人体器官做主语●英文善用物体做主语●中文的主语比较长，谓语宾语比较短，称为“非平衡性语言”●英文的主谓宾分配比较均匀，称为“平衡性语言”8.范畴词●中文中一般用大范畴词，例你有多高啊？●英文根据实际情况，该大大该小小，例How tall are you？9.定语排序●中：后置形容词➕前置形容词➕后置名词➕前置名词➕中心词●英：前置形容词➕前置名词➕中心词➕后置名词➕后置形容词三、八种译法1.定语从句的翻译●三种译法●前置译法：将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之前，在定语从句后加“的”●八个单词以下的定语从句前置●后置译法：将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之后，但需翻译关系词●八个单词以下的定语从句后置●非限制性定语从句后置译法●句首译法：将定语从句完全置于整个句子的前面，调整全句语序●循环套用●中心词➕定语1➕定语2➕定语3➕…定语●根据长度判断●定语1➕定语2约等于定语3就把前两者放在一起翻译●定语1约等于定语2➕定语3就把后两者放在一起翻译●并列套用●中心词➕定语1➕定语3➕…➕and➕定语N●后置译法，关系词翻译一个就够2.非谓语动词的翻译●分词位于句首时，相当于一个状语●译法：找出主语，状语放置主语之前●分词位于名词后，可以当作定语从句●译法：短前后长3.被动语态的翻译●译法●当没有宾语时●将英文中原有的被动语态变成中文的被动语态●隐形被动语态●不用“被”字，找“被”的替代词●常见：为…所，是（由）➕动词…的●在科技文献中●用“可以”这两个字来代替“被”●直接省略●有“被”不用“被”4.代词的翻译●一，代词要指明要点●二，代词的翻译不要抽象，不具体5.形容词和副词的翻译●一，使用形容词和副词的延伸含义●不拘泥词汇原本意思●二，“相互转换”●形容词和副词具有相同词根，在翻译时可相互转换●三，长的形容词和副词可以单独成句●四，排序●名词比形容词重要，前置定语更重要，靠近中心词的定语重要6.换主语问题●主语是偏正短语时，取“偏”做主语然后再处理“正”●在中文中找到“隐藏主语”●“就近原则”●无主语时，离动词最近的就是主语7.中文四字短语的翻译●●译为AB●eg：干干净净就是clean；漂漂亮亮就是blond●A●译为：AB●eg：浓妆艳抹就是heavy makeup●ABCD●译法：将中文意思解释清楚●eg：锐意进取就是forge ahead with determination●eg：自强不息就是strive to strengthen oneself constantly8.中国特色词汇的译法●第一种：直接译法，用拼音直接写出这个单词，或是用英文直接翻译●第二种：用增词的方法来进行解释●第三种：在页面的底部用注释的方法解释句子中没有被理解的部分●eg：祖师爷译为the Saint Patron of…，外国人可能看不懂，可在下文进行注释四、翻译规律译法1.“一个原则”●译法●在翻译中：偏正短语翻译为主谓结构或把主谓结构翻译为偏正短语●eg：gleaming eyes，将其翻译为主谓结构，就变成了“双眼炯炯有神”●（注意）●“一个原则”的译法不是到处都能用，而是在句子翻译不通顺的情况下，我们才考虑这种译法，这也是让句子变得更加通顺的一个原则2.偏正互换（文学翻译常见）●一般出现在英译汉中，就是把英文中的“偏正短语”翻译成为中文里的“正偏短语”●eg：this treasury of silt，原本译为“泥沙的宝贵”，将原文中的silt和treasury进行互换，就变成了“宝贵的泥沙”3.谓语动词的过渡●例：我支持你●❌译：I support you（support属强势动词，详见下）●⭕️译：I give you my support●方法：就是将原动词译为名词，又找了一个动词性质相对较弱的动词give作为本句的谓语。

07年考研英汉翻译

（1）词组与搭配a human-rights report with a twist一份歪曲事实的****报告good chemistry志趣相投economic plan经济方略be widely reprinted广为转载turn combustible激怒反目a far cry from相去甚远；天壤之别；大相径庭；截然不同；迥然不同（2）例句分析Achieving those targets will be a breeze.实现这些目标易如反掌。

We （my wife and I ）have had 23 years investing in each other.我们婚后23年一直相亲相爱。

（*互相之间互相投资）动词+宾语+补语[现在分词短语]结构。

They overwhelmed the police as much with courtesy as with force.他们软磨硬闯，冲破了警察的阻拦。

（*不仅以礼貌的言词，而且还使出力气）Premier seemed a pleasant but rather dull man in a grey suit，a far cry from Interior Minister.首相身着一套灰色西装，看上去和蔼可亲，但却相当单调乏味，与内务部长相比，相去甚远。

Their anxiety had reached a clinical condition.他们焦虑成病。

（*焦虑达到了临床状态）All the ones we have seen here have four-star abilities with five-star ambitions.我们在此看到的所有的人都是些眼高手低之辈。

（*四星级的能力，五星级的抱负）In three years as US Secretary of Transportation，Skinner has emerged as the administration''s top crisis manager，a loyalist whose tenacity and competence have earned him Bush''s respect and admiration.作为美国的交通部长，斯金纳三年中表现出他是行政当局处理危机事务的高手，且忠心耿耿，坚毅能干。

2023考研英语一英译汉真题答案

2023考研英语一英译汉真题答案业务课名称：英语一翻译考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。

2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。

Translation(46) AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regarding their hobbies,favorite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.【参考译文】人工智能还可以用来识别出消费者生活方式的选择，包括他们的爱好、最喜欢的名人和时尚，从而通过社交媒体发布的营销信息来提供独特的内容。

(47) Some believe that Al is negatively impacting on the marketer's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs,but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.【参考译文】一些人认为，人工智能通过减少创造力和工作机会对营销人员产生了负面影响，但他们也意识到，这是一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式。

(48) Algorithms used to stimulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns,especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using Al to interact with customers will be.【参考译文】用于刺激人际互动的算法正在引发许多此类担忧，尤其是在没有人非常确定使用人工智能与客户互动的结果会是什么情况下。

考研历年英语二真题英译汉

考研历年英语二真题英译汉说到词汇量，就免不了要背单词，这也是我们每个考研人都感到头疼的地方。

大多数同学都有这样的体会，单词背了忘，忘了又背，做翻译阅读时，觉得很眼熟、很亲切，下文是我为你细心编辑整理的考研历年英语二真题英译汉，盼望对你有所关心，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，感谢!考研历年英语二真题英译汉1Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route thats very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips its easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we dont have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we cant remember the journey well because we didntpay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.参考译文：想想看在一条特别熟识的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。