非谓语动词作状语讲解(学生版)

非谓语动词不定式和分词作状语

一、不定式作状语可以作：

1．主要用作。常与连用。so as to 不用于居首。

He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 。

He sat down to have a rest.

He went to France to learn French。

2．状语。表示的结果。做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的

He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.

3．表示喜怒哀乐的形容词作表语其后的不定式作状语。表示引起这种情绪变化的原因。

I’m sorry not to have come on Tuesday.

I am very glad to see you.

We are glad to hear the news．

二、不定式做状语时应该注意：

1．not/never too…to do, too…not to do, but/only too… to do, too ready to do, too eager to do表示肯定意义。

He is too careful not to have noticed that.

I am only too glad to help you.

I am only never too glad to know you. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, if ever, refusing them when they turn to him.

2．不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为，否则用for引导主语。We studied hard to pass the exam. 不定式做目的状语其逻辑主语是we。

Li Ming’s mother went to the lecture hall early for him to get a good seat.

三、分词作状语可以作:

1．

Hearing the noise, I turned round.

Having done my shopping, I returned home.

2．

Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.

Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．

3．

Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．

Working hard, you will surely succeed.

4．

They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．

The boy sat in front of the farm house cutting the branch.

He came running back to tell me the news.

5．

A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand.

A hurricane hit this area last night, blowing down a lot of trees.

四、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

He went out shutting the door behind him.

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

五、分词和分词短语在表示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时，通常可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.

=When the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up.

Being excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.

=As I was excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.

I stood there, listening to the broadcast.

=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.

六、分词作状语时前面可用连词。

when, while, once, if, unless, though等引导的状语从句，

When (being) free，I’ll fetch you.

If falling ill, I’ll see my doctor.

Even though given every opportunity, they would not try.

七、分词或分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句中的主语

1.Entering the room, I found the walls newly-painted．

Entering the room，the first thing that met eyes was the newly-painted walls．

2.Badly wounded, the soldier was sent to hospital at once．

Badly wounded，we sent the soldier to hospital at once．

3.Being very busy，I could not afford the time to go to the cinema．

Being very busy，the film tickets were given to others．

4.Led by the Party，we are making great progress in our work．

Led by the Party，great progress in our work is being made．

八、如果分词或分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语不是句中的主语，

1.The professor entered the lab，his students following him．

2.A few seconds later，he was looking at the screen again with the machinery turned on．

3.The day being very wet，Mary wore her new mackintosh．

4.The authorities having arrived and taken the seats reserved for them，the ceremony began．

5.He fell asleep with the lamp burning.