定语从句与非谓语动词的转换
(完整版)从句与非谓语之间的转换
从句与非谓语之间的转换一、当从句的主语与主句的主语一致（定语从句的主语与先行词一致)，如果从句中是：1）从句用be动词作谓语be + doing; 省略be；（例10)be + done；省略be；（例4)be + 介词短语;省略be；(例2）be + 形容词 / 副词； be变为being；(例9)be + 名词; be变为being；（例1）2）如果从句中是其他行为动词作谓语是一般现在时或一般过去时就一律用doing的进行时化简；（例3)是完成时态或after引导的一般时态，用having done化简.(例7和11）二、当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时，也可按上面第一条中方法化简复合句。
化简后的短语前加上原从句中的主语即可（既是独立主格结构）。
（例5、6、8）1.When he was a young boy,he used to ask lots of questions。
= Being a young boy， he used toask lots of questions.2.When he was in the classroom, he read his book aloud。
= In the classroom, he read his bookaloud。
3.They went to the teacher for help who taught them English. = They went to the teacher teachingthem English for help。
4.When the earth is seen from space， it looks like a huge water ball。
= Seen from space, theearth looks like a huge water ball。
5.When a guest comes to your room, you can say to him "H ave a seat, please”。
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换非谓语动词和从句可以相互转换，那么如何将复合句改为简单句呢？首先，需要分清主从复合句，然后取消从句，一般要把引导从句的连词去掉。
例如，将"When he was waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"改为"Waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"。
其次，如果从句的谓语动词是主动式，就要把谓语动词改为现在分词；如果从句的谓语动词是被动式，就要把谓语动词改为过去分词，并且要注意时态的变化。
例如，将"After he had finished his homework。
he went home"改为"Having finished his homework。
he went home"。
另外，使用分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果主从句的主语不一致，在取消掉从句变为-ing或-ed形式时，要把从句的主语保留，其它部分和以前的改法一样。
例如，将"As it was hot。
we went swimming"改为"It being hot。
we went swimming"。
需要注意的是，在使用分词短语作状语时，它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
在很多情况下，它都表示一种伴随的动作或表示一种原因。
例如：1.If the weather allows。
I will go there.2.After the rain ped。
XXX.3.His XXX。
and he prepared to return to his institute.4.With so many comrades absent。
XXX.From the above examples。
we can see that the present participle (-ing) usually indicates an n that is happening at the same time as the main verb in the sentence。
The transformation between the attributive clause and the non定语从句和非谓语动词作定语的转换
定语从句和非谓语动词都是高中阶段的重要语法知识点，应用十分的广泛。
无论是阅读理解、完形填空还是其他题型，往往都成为理解句意的关键。
很多同学因为无法正确判断主从句和非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系，导致无法正确判断句子结构，从而错误理解或曲解了原句意思，导致失分。
另外，定语从句和非谓语动词也常常是是写作中提升作文层次和增加句式结构灵活多样性的重要句型，能够熟练掌握两者之间的相互转换，对于理解句子和提升运用能力都十分重要。
一、当定语从句是be doing,be done,be to do结构时与非谓语动词的转换规则1：如果先行词在从句中作主语，直接将引导词和be动词去掉，翻译方法与定语从句的翻译方法相同。
E.g.1：定语从句：The girl who is wandering on the pavement is a star in our school.非谓语动词：The girl wandering on the pavement is a star in our school.在人行道上漫步的那个女孩在我们学校是一个明星。
E.g.2：定语从句：Journey To The West which was written by Wu Cheng’en is very famous in Asian countries.非谓语动词：Journey To The West written by Wu Cheng’en is very famous in Asian countries.吴承恩的西游记在亚洲国家中非常出名。
E.g.3：定语从句：The speech which will be given in the central hall is about environmental protection.=The speech which is to be given in the central hall is about environmental protection.(在变成非谓语动词时will要变成to)非谓语动词：The speech to be given in the central hall is about environmental protection.即将在中心大厅举行的演讲是关于环境保护的。
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换
非谓语动词作定语一：如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点：一先看非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（即定语的先行词）之间的关系，主动与被动二看非谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发生2在谓动之前3在将来发生二：做题步骤：先搞清非谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系1如果是主动关系，再看时间，与谓动同时发生用doing 将来发生用to do2如果是被动再看时间，与谓语动词同时发生用being done 在谓动之前用done表将来用to be done一．用不定式做定语的几种情况：（1）不定式表将来。
如：The car to be bought is for his sister.（2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。
如：He is the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（3）用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go sightseeing.二．分词作定语doing 主动进行being done 被动进行done 被动完成The houses being built are for the teachers.Things lost never come again.I have never seen a more moving movie.三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上Have you read the novel witten by Dickens?Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.（一）、-ing形式作定语-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。
(完整版)非谓语动词和从句的转换
非谓语动词和从句的转换----一.不定式（短语）与从句的关系1.不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。
(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you)(2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)2.不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语)(=when and where we should build a school)(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see)(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.)3不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding.(=that they can get a good understanding)4.不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing.(=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up)5.不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句(１).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that)(2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she could n’t…)7.不定式（短语）在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(１)I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished by the boss)(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game)二．动名词（短语）与从句的关系1. 动名词（短语）在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句(１).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry.(2).Mary’s not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad.被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly.2. 动名词（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier).3.动名词（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul (that I’ll serve the people heart and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam(=that he hasn’t prepared his lessons for the exam)(3).The difficulty is Mary’s being caught between the two trees(=that Mary is caught between the two trees).4.介词＋动名词（短语），相当于一个从句(宾语从句或同位语从句 0(1）He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake.(=that he was…)(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.(=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won.(=that our team had won)三．分词（短语）与从句的关系1.分词（短语）作定语，相当于一个定语从句(1）The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan.本节值得注意的问题：现在分词短语作定语时，所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作，也不可以表示将来。
非谓语从句和定语从句
非谓语从句和定语从句非谓语从句和定语从句非谓语从句英语中的非是整个当中非常重要的部分，也是学生学习的一个难点。
其实，我们可以从从句的角度来解释非，弄清非谓语动词与从句的关系，这样会使学生对非谓语动词有更好的了解，学习起来更容易。
I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句Tom's knowing English helps him in learning French. That Tom knows English helps him in learning English.Her being out of work was unexpected. That she was out of work was unexpected.2. v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句I remember having paid him for his work. I remember that I have paid him for his work.He suggests our making better use of the school library. He suggests that we (should) make better use of the school library.3. v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句Our worry is your depending too much on him. Our worry is that you depend too much on him.The question is many people's being trapped in the fire. The question is that many people are trapped in the fire.4. v-ing形式作定语可换成that, who, which引导的定语从句We will study in the house facing south. We will study in the house that / which faces south.The man talking to my teacher is my father. The man who / that is talking to my teacher is my father.5. v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句On arriving there, I will telephone you. As soon as I arrive there, I will telephone you.While waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. While I was waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，也可和with结构转换。
非谓语在定语从句的用法
非谓语在定语从句的用法作者：郑江涛来源：《新校园·中旬刊》2011年第01期摘要：非谓语为定语从句的简化提供理论基础，使复杂的从句简化为简单句，语言简练，提升阅读力和写作力，本文从个人体会，理论加实例详细阐述其原理。
关键词：非谓语；不定式；分词什么叫非谓语呢？通俗地讲，就是不能做谓语的动词的几种特殊形式，包括动词不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。
动词不定式的构成：肯定式：to+动词原形；其否定式：not+to+动词原形。
切记，动词不定式本身表示将来时。
动词不定式在句子中起名词，形容词或副词的作用，可以作主语，表语，宾语，定语，宾语补足语和主语补足语。
现在分词的构成：肯定形式为动词原形+ing。
其否定形式为not+动词原形+ing。
现在分词相当于形容词和副词，在句中可以作定语，状语，表语，宾语补足语。
切记，现在分词表示正在进行的动作或经常做的动作，其完成式表示已经完成的作。
过去分词的构成：肯定形式为动词原形+ed;否定形式为not+动词原形+ed，不规则动词无统一形式。
在句中起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。
切记，过去分词表被动和完成的动作。
动名词由于其不在定语从句和状语从句中作成份，此处不作详细阐述。
在多年的教学中我总结出这样一段不完善的理论，但是却很实用于英语教学。
定语从句的简化理论：在定语从句中，如果关系代词作作主语，那么定语从句可以简化为分词短语作先行词的后置定语，取决于从句的语态而不是时态。
如果定语从句是主动语态，从句变为现在分词作后置定语；如果从句是被动语态，从句变为过去分词短语作后置定语；如果从句是主系表结构，只留下表语作后置定语；从句是将来时或含有情态动词，从句简化为动词不定式作后置定语；从句如果是完成时，这时候不分主动或被动，可以简化为having+过去分词或者having been+过去分词短语作后置定语。
接下来我们详细介绍并举例说明。
首先要强调的是，定语从句简化的前提是：关系代词必须在定语从句中作主语，作其他成份不能简化。
非谓语作定语和定语从句的区别
非谓语作定语和定语从句的区别
非谓语动词作定语和定语从句在语法结构和表达方式上有一些区别，具体如下：
1. 语法结构：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词包括动词的现在分词(-ing)、过去分词(-ed)和不定式(to do)，它们可以在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。
非谓语动词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面。
- 定语从句：定语从句是一个句子，由关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)引导，用来修饰先行词(即被修饰的名词或代词)。
2. 表达方式：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词作定语可以提供更简洁、紧凑的表达方式。
它可以通过一个动词形式来描述被修饰词的特征、状态或行为。
- 定语从句：定语从句可以提供更详细、具体的信息，通过一个完整的句子来描述被修饰词的性质、特点或关系。
3. 语义和功能：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词作定语主要强调动作或状态，它们可以表示正在进行的动作(-ing 形式)、已完成的动作(-ed 形式)或将要进行的动作(to do 形式)。
- 定语从句：定语从句可以提供更丰富的语义信息，包括对被修饰词的进一步解释、限定或描述。
总的来说，非谓语动词作定语和定语从句在语法结构和表达方式上有所不同。
非谓语动词作定语更简洁，强调动作或状态；而定语从句更详细，提供更多的语义信息。
在使用时，需要根据具体语境和表达需要选择合适的结构。
定语从句与非谓语动词的转换
1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。
定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next， the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”.（1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei.→The plane to arrive is from Hubei。
（2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45.→The students will go to a party to be held in our class at 7：45.（3）He was the first boy who came to school.→He was the first boy to come to school..2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。
被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。
例：（1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework.→She wanted a room in which to do her homework.（2）She had only a pen with which she can write.→She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write.注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。
这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。
前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。
定语从句变为非谓语动词作后置定语的方法
定语从句变为非谓语动词作后置定语的方法这个问题有点大，没有好好研究过，下面是临时凑的几条，不一定全面，仅供参考：▲如果定语从句的谓语是进行时态（包括用进行时态表示将来意义的用法），通常可以转化为现在分词或过去分词短语（括号内的词不省略为定语从句，省略后即为现在分词短语作定语）。
如：Do you know the woman (who is) talking to Tom? 和汤姆说话的女人你认识吗?There were some children (who were) swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。
I didn’t talk much to the man (who was) sitting next to me. 我没和坐在我旁边的人多讲话。
Police (who are) investigating the crime are looking for three men. 调查这件罪案的警察在找寻三个人。
但是要注意的是，并非只有谓语是进行时态的定语从句才可转化为现在分词（短语），有时一般时态也可转化为现在分词（括号前的现在分词可以括号内的定语从句来改写）。
如：It is said that those eating (=who eat) the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。
Jim has got a brother working (=who works) in a bank in London. 吉姆有一个哥哥在伦敦的一家银行里工作。
Students wanting (=who want) more information should apply in writing. 想要得到更多资料的学生应提出书面申请。
A young man writing (=who writes) novels came to speak to us yesterday. 一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
句型转变定语从句
句型转变定语从句定语从句和其他句型是如何相互转换的？有哪些转变方法？1.定语从句和非谓语动词：分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。
或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；(1)There are lots of good English programes ， which are broadcast on TV or the radio in China.------There are lots of good English programmes_________on TV or the radio in China.(2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices. ------At one time there were long queues of people ________ outside the CAAC offices.⑶ The World Trade Organization (WTO) finally opened its door to China on November 10,_____ a 15-year wait.A. to endB. endedC. ending/which endedD. ends2.定语从句和并列句⑴ I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. -----I saw some trees, the leaves of ________were black with disease.⑵ The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of __________there is a pair of glasses.----- The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, and there is a pair of glasses on the nose of______.分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键3.定语从句和状语从句(1)This is such a big stone _______no one can lift it. This is such a big stone _______no one can lift.(2)Please put the letter in the drawer _____ ______he can easily find it.(=where)Please put the letter_________he can easily find it.(3) Please put the letter in which he can easily find it. 这句子正确吗？分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。
非谓语动词和从句的转换PPT课件
in a serious traffic confusion in the
whole area.
WWhihleilheWewwoororkkrikinneggd in the factory, he was
an advanced worker.
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WheWnhitenisSsseeeeeennn from the hill, the park looks very beautiful .
Tom kept quiet about the accident so that he would not lose his job.
=so as not to lose his job.
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非谓语动词和从句的转换
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I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换
1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句
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Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.
(= As we were so poor …) Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him. (=Though the stone weighed almost one hundred jin, …)
The boy lost in thought is my brother.
The boy who is lost in thought is my brother.
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2. v-ed形式作宾补可换成宾语从句
I found the room broken into and a lot of things stolen.
定语从句和非谓语动词
定语从句和非谓语动词定语从句和非谓语动词定语从句和非谓语动词一直是SAT/ACT语法，甚至是理解阅读文章中长难句的重点，也是困扰很多考生的难点之一。
下面是店铺收集整理的定语从句和非谓语动词的相关内容，希望对您有所帮助!定语从句和非谓语动词解析：熟悉非谓语动词的们应该都知道，非谓语动词包括to do, doing 和done，这三类动词的特别之处就在于它们可以在句子里面充当除谓语以外的任何成分，其中一个非常重要的用法就是位于名词后作为名词的后置定语，比如：The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.以上例句里的非谓语动词的短语“bordering the deserts”就是用作定语来修饰前面的`名词短语“the semiarid lands”。
很多同学很熟悉定语从句，而对非谓语动词的用法总是有种望而却步的感觉。
但是细心的同学肯定会发现，其实在语法家族里，当将非谓语动词用作后置定语的时候，它与定语从句的用法是一样的，两者是名副其实地长相不同，但却有血缘关系的“远房表亲”。
比如，上面的例子我们就可以改写成定语从句：The semiarid lands which border the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.再如以下带有非谓语动词短语的句子：Theorist adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understand human behavior, including aggression.我们可以改成定语从句：Theorist who adopt the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understand human behavior, including aggression.又如，以下的两个句子的意思是相同的：1.What audience came to see was the magic made possible by trick photography and manipulation of the cinema.2.What audience came to see was the magic that was made possible by trick photography and manipulation of the cinema.在很多情况下，学生更容易理解定语从句。
(2021年整理)定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换
定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换的全部内容。
定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换非谓语做定语是定语从句的简化形式Please replace the underlined part with relative clauses1.The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew。
2.The Olympic Games， held in 776 B。
C.， did not include women players until 1912。
3. The first text books written for teaching English as a foreign language came outin the 16th century。
4.Are you going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow？5. a developed/developing country6. He is a student loved by all the teachers.7.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.8.She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave。
（完整）高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换
（完整）⾼考语法复习之⾮谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换⾮谓语动词作定语⼀：如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点：⼀先看⾮谓语动词与其逻辑主语（即定语的先⾏词）之间的关系，主动与被动⼆看⾮谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发⽣2在谓动之前3在将来发⽣⼆：做题步骤：先搞清⾮谓语动词与先⾏词之间的逻辑关系1如果是主动关系，再看时间，与谓动同时发⽣⽤doing 将来发⽣⽤to do2如果是被动再看时间，与谓语动词同时发⽣⽤being done 在谓动之前⽤done表将来⽤to be done⼀．⽤不定式做定语的⼏种情况：（1）不定式表将来。
如：The car to be bought is for his sister.（2）⽤来修饰被序数词、最⾼级或no, all, any 等限定的中⼼词。
如：He is the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（3）⽤来修饰的词是抽象名词时⽤不定式，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go sightseeing.⼆．分词作定语doing 主动进⾏being done 被动进⾏done 被动完成The houses being built are for the teachers.Things lost never come again.I have never seen a more moving movie.三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上Have you read the novel witten by Dickens?Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.（⼀）、-ing形式作定语-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。
非谓语和定语从句
1. 非谓语动词：谓语（notional verb 实义动词）+非谓语（non-predicate：v-ing；verb-to do; verb-to do:1、非谓语动词和动词的共同点、区别、句子中的作用、独立主格从动词当中衍生出来：具有很多动词的特征，但不能做谓语：可以做除谓语之外的其他任何成分：主语，宾语，表语（predicative)，定语（attributive），状语（adverbial modifier）补语（complement）2.作定语和做状语的区别：为什么会出现非谓语动词呢：中文一个句子可以有n个动词，但是英文一个句子只能有一个谓语，就需要把其他动词用非谓语呈现出来动词：时态、语态、非谓语，虚拟语气做状语：Having taken my temperature, my mother found I was ill.Being ill, I can’t go to school tomorrow.Not having finished his lessons, he won’t go out to playI went up to him, telling him to keep silent.Interrupted by the man, he became angry.To prevent the wild animals from extinction, we took some measures.独立主格结构：We being League members, the work was well done.(逻辑主语不一致)There being no bus, we had to walk home.Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-bulit school will look even more beautiful.都有被修饰的名词：The man standing by the window is my brother.The letter written by my classmate is very interesting.Without mothering, children’s capacity to survive is seriously affected.The man speaking to us has gone to Japan.There are a lot of students waiting to welcome the foreign teachers.To do作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To loose your confidence means failure.避免头重脚轻，it 作形式主语：it is hard to finish the task within ten minutes.做表语：her job is to clean the hall.// he appears to have caught a cold.做宾语：I decided to lose wight. Make up his mind to improve.做定语：meeting to attend; house to live in; nothing to worry about; place to live做状语：根据功能的不同；worked day and night to get money; sold her hair to buy some bread; (目的状语)；前后主语要一致；to save money, he tries every means；（结果状语）三大从句：定语从句==形容词的功能（修饰名词、代词）状语从句===副词的功能（时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、结果、让步9大从句，表示状语不仅是用状语从句）名词性从句===名词的功能（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句）定语从句：1. 什么叫做定从，修饰名词或代词的从句。
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定语从句和非谓语动词是高中阶段重要的两大语法项目。
定语从句的应用可以使语言表达更精确更生动，显得使用者具有较高的英语文化底蕴，但也是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。
若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。
而非谓语动词的正确使用，就可以使定语从句的理解容易化，简单化，而且使语句简练、更有文采。
掌握二者的转换，有助于我们更好的理解其用法，并能够自如地运用。
下面我就着重谈谈如何将定语从句转换成非谓语动词以及转换时应注意的事项。
1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。
定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next，the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”.
（1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei.
→The plane to arrive is from Hubei。
（2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45.
→The students will go to a p arty to be held in our class at 7：45.
（3）He was the first boy who came to school.
→He was the first boy to come to school.
.2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。
被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。
例：
（1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework.
→She wanted a room in which to do her homework.
（2）She had only a pen with which she can write.
→She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write.
注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。
这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。
前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。
而且上例中动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，否则就不能简单地把作定语的不定式都变成此结构。
“He is looking for a place for his friend to live in”这句话。
我们就不能将句中的a place for his friend to live in改为a place to live in或a place in which to live。
3.1定语从句可以转换为现在分词（短语）
如果定语从句的谓语是主动语态，且发生的时间与主句的谓语所表示的动作所发生的时间同时，此时可以将定语从句转换成现在分词短语）。
（1）Have you ever talked to the girl who is dancing to music over there？→Have you ever talked to the girl dancing to music over there？
（2）The question that is being discussed is about how to improve living conditions.
→The question being discussed is about how to improve living conditions.
.2定语从句可以转化为过去分词（短语）
如定语从句的谓语是被动语态，或是“系动词+过去分词（表语）”结构，且从句的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是在主句的谓语之前发生或无明确的时间。
此时，我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。
有时定语从句谓语虽然是主动语态.但它表示的动作在主句谓语之前就已经完成，这时我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。
（1）The report that was made yesterday will be discussed today.
→The report made yesterday will be discussed today.
（2）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.
→The di ctionary bought for me by my mother is very useful.
但以下几种情况，一般不可把定语从句转换为分词（短语）。
1.虽关系代词作定语从句的主语，但如从句的谓语中含有情态动词，则不能转换成分词（短语）。
Those who must hand in their homework before 12 are studying hard now. 此句不宜转成：Those handing in their homework before 12 are studying hard now.
2.如关系代词在从句中作主语，且从句谓语是完成时的主动语态，一般不转换成分词（短语）。
例：The engineer who has finished his design is about to visit Hawaii.此举不宜转化为：The engineer having finished his design is about to visit Hawaii.
3.以关系代词which或as引起的非限制性定语从句，当关系代词指的是前面整个句子，将这个非限制性定语从句转换成分词（短语），其逻辑主语是其前面或后面的整个句子，但分词在这个在句子里结果状语。
例：The boy's parents died, which left him an orphan.
→ The boy’s parents died，leaving him an orphan.。