被动语态:主动表被动形式

合集下载

主动表被动

主动表被动

作为一种语法范畴,英语中的语态是动词的一种表达形式,表示动作与动作行为主体的关系。

一般来说,主动语态表示主语为该动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语为该动作的承受者。

但是,英语中的语态形式与意义之间存在着相互矛盾的现象,即主动形式还可表示被动意义,而被动形式有时又有主动意义。

为了能够正确理解和把握这一特殊语言现象,下面对此进行分析和总结。

一、主动形式表示被动意义。

1 表示事物本质属性的不及物动词,常可以用主动语态表示被动意义。

这些动词有break (打破),drive,sell,blow,cut,peel(剥皮),burn,close,shut,lock,open,write, tell,read,iron(熨),wear,clean,wash,strike(打火),play(使用),dye(染),keep(存放), ride(乘坐),fill,pack(捆),button(扣),catch(锁住),tear(撕开),take(上钩),let(出租), rent,blame,compare,photograph (拍摄), cook,divide,carry,translate,digest等。

例句: The gate won't lock.大门锁不上。

Plastics wouldn't break easily.塑料不易碎。

These clothes wash easily.这些衣服容易洗。

The story tells well.这个故事流传很广。

使用这类动词的句子有如下特点:1)句子主语通常由事物性名词充当,而不能是人,而且这些事物都有某种内在特性。

这种特性体现在促进、妨碍或阻止这些动词所表示的概念。

在这种情况下,可用该动词的主动形式来表达主语与谓语间的被动意义。

如:The match wouldn't strike when damp.火柴湿着划不着。

火柴的特殊用途决定了打火(strike)这一特殊动作,而潮湿(damp)这一条件又阻碍了这一动作的发生。

被动语态中主动形式表示被动意义讲解及练习教师版

被动语态中主动形式表示被动意义讲解及练习教师版

被动语态中主动形式表被动意义讲解及练习主动形式表被动意义讲解1. 在need, want, require, deserve等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其意义相当于动词不定式的被动形式E.g. The way we read need changing.= to be changedThese young trees require looking after carefully.= to be looked afterI think your suggestion deserves considering.= to be consideredThese words wants explaining once more.= to be explained2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义E.g. Many classic works are worth reading.3. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义E.g. These classic works may be difficult to understand.4. 在too… to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义E.g. These classic works may even be too expensive for us to buy.5. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常用来表被动;如:rent, blame, let等。

E.g.The taxi is to rent.The house is to lent.The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. 6.某些可以和well, badly, easily, smoothly 等副词连用的不及物动词。

英语主动表被动用法归纳

英语主动表被动用法归纳

英语主动表被动用法归纳
英语中的被动语态是表达动作的接收者的一种语法结构,而不是动作的执行者。

然而,有时我们也会使用主动语态来表示被动意义,这就是主动表被动用法。

以下是一些常见的主动表被动用法的归纳:
1. "动词+ oneself" 结构:这种结构表示主语自己对自己进行某个动作,有自我参考的意味。

例如:He hurt himself while playing soccer.
2. "动词+ each other" 结构:这种结构表示两个或多个主语互相进行某个动作。

例如:They helped each other with their homework.
3. "动词+ something" 结构:这种结构表示主语对某个物体进行某个动作。

例如:She painted the wall white.
4. "be + 动词过去分词" 结构:这种结构表示主语的状态或特征。

例如:The window was broken by the ball.
5. "get + 动词过去分词" 结构:这种结构表示主语经历了某种变化或受到某种影响。

例如:She got lost in the city.
6. "become + 动词过去分词" 结构:这种结构表示主语变成了某种状态或特征。

例如:The water became ice.
以上是一些常见的主动表被动用法。

1。

动词的主动形式表示被动

动词的主动形式表示被动

动词的主动形式表示被动之意一、系动词无被动语态:以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有:①be 动词②. 起来(7 个):look/seem/appear, feel(感觉,摸起来),sou nd, smell, tastee.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible.③(逐渐)变得/变成:become, grow, get, turn, come, goe.g. His wish has come true.People often went hungry in the old days.The tree is growing tall.④保持:keep, staye.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.二、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take2、不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear 等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。

Ol、An accident was happened yesterday. (x)昨天发生了一起事故。

An accident happened yesterday.O2、The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。

O3、The watch looks good. 这表看起来很好。

O4、This book sells well. 这本书畅销。

O5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。

O6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。

O7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。

英语主动形式表被动意义的几种情况

英语主动形式表被动意义的几种情况

英语主动形式表被动意义的几种情况河北唐山师范学院玉田分校王海霞根据主语和谓语动词之间的关系,英语里的句子可划分:为主动语态和被动语态。

但是不能忽视的重要一点,被动含义还可以用主动形式来达,很多考生容易混淆,所以在此简单介绍:1.某些动词表示被动意义1)常见的系动词,感官动词有smell(闻起来), see(看见), hear(听),Isee a boy play in the room.2)某些与不能,不会连用的动词,如常用的有: move(运动) close(关上)The TV set won’t open。

电视机打不开。

The injured dog can’t move。

受伤的狗不能动。

3)某些动词与副词 perfectly(十分地,easily(容易地))等连用,如: sell(销售) , clean(打扫), wash(洗)例如:The pen writes easil.这钢笔很好用。

These rooms clean well.这些房间打扫得很干净。

4)用在一些带有主语补足语的结构:He made me do a a lot of work.My father asked the boy to carry some books.2.一些特殊的句子结构1)可以用动名词的动词或短语动名词用在 need ,require ,want (三个词表示需要),还有短语be worthy doing例如:The passage requires cancling.The meeting is worth attending.2)在不定式短语中不定式在句子中做动词的宾语时候,表示宾语是动词的承受对象例如:I have a lot of work to do。

He passed his mother some juice to drink.但是有的时候主动形式还有被动形式表示的含义差别不大:There is a lot of words to express /to be expressed.很多的话需要表达。

英语语法:主动形式表被动意义

英语语法:主动形式表被动意义

【导语】被动语态,即不知道动作执⾏者或强调动作承受者的⼀种语态。

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表⽰主语是动作的执⾏者。

被动语态表⽰主语是动作的承受者,即⾏为动作的对象。

整理了相关内容,快来看看吧!希望能帮助到你~更多相关讯息请关注! 1. 动词bear(适宜于), deserve(应受到), need(需要), require(需要), stand(忍受), want(需要)等后⾯接动名词时,该动名词通常⽤主动形式表⽰被动意义。

如: His sufferings don't bear thinking about. 他受的苦难简直不堪回⾸。

The desk needs repairing. 课桌需要修理。

The flowers want watering. 花需要浇⽔。

The man deserves punishing. 他这个⼈是罪有应得。

注:其中有的动词也可直接跟不定式的被动式。

如: The man deserves to be punished. The desk needs to be repaired. The flowers want to be watered. 2. 不定式⽤于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句⼦的主语,则要⽤主动形式表⽰被动意义。

如: I have a lot of work to do now. 我有很多事要做。

I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。

I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。

注意:如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句⼦的主语,则应⽤被动式,⽐较: I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。

动词不定式的被动语态主动表被动

动词不定式的被动语态主动表被动

A. to invent C. to have invented
B. inventing C. having invented
4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy C. heavy too much
2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1) 做主语(常用it做形式主语) To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.
It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by …. 被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式,是一大荣幸。
this evening.
A. to be taken C. being taken
B. to take D. taking
7.There are five pairs ___,but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
动词不定式的被动语态主 动表被动
一、复习各种时态的被动语态
★ 被动语态的基本结构: be+ done (以 the book , publish 为例) 一般现在/过去时: The book __i_s_/_w__a_s_p_u_b_l_is_h_e_d____. 一般/过去将来时: The book ___w__il_l/_w__o_u_ld__b_e_p_u__b_li_sh_e_d___. The book ___is_/_w__a_s_g_o_in_g__t_o_b_e__p_u_b_li_s_h_e_d. 现在/过去进行时: The book ___i_s_/_w_a_s_b_e_i_n_g_p_u_b__li_sh_e_d_____. 现在/过去完成时: The book ___h_a_s_/_h_a_d__b_e_e_n_p_u_b__li_sh_e_d_____. 情态动词:

被动语态注意事项

被动语态注意事项

被动语态被动语态注意事项一、主动形式表示被动意义1. 系动词的主动表被动系动词。

The mixture tastes terrible.She proves very patie nt and warm-hearted.2. 有些不及物动词可用主动形式表示被动意义表示主语的特征状态的动词,女口等。

特别是后加副词well, easily等修饰时,常用主动表示被动意义This table clea nse very easily.His book does not sell well.The book won ' t shut.3. 某些表示发生(happen, take place, occur )、爆发(break out, burstout )或者“传播(spread)”的不及物动词。

The n ews that a famous sin ger would give a show spread quickly. 4. 在表示需要的词need,want,require 等词的后面,v-ing形式用主动表示被动意义The house n eeds repairi ng/to be repaired.My clothes want washi ng/to be washed.5. Worth后面v-ing用主动表示被动The picture-book is well worth readi ng.Such a man as Mr. smith is not worth help ing.二、不带to的不定式做宾语,变为被动要加上To(let除外)We saw a stra nger enter the hall.A stra nger was see n to en ter the hall.三、有些不及物动词如give,send,take,bring,get 等,变被动时加toThey gave the visitors a warm welcome.A warm welcome was give n to the visitors by them.四、有些不及物动词如buy、make find、get等,变成被动语态时,被保留的简介宾语前通常加for.My mother has bought me a computer.A computer has bee n bought for me by mother.。

被动语态的几种特殊用法

被动语态的几种特殊用法

被动语态(de)几种特殊用法(1)主动形式表示被动意义1)常见(de)这类动词有:“act,addup,clean,compare,count,cook,draw,fill,iron,keep,let,look,make up,milk,kill,open,photograph,prove,read,sell,smoke,spoil”等. The window won’t open.(这扇窗户打不开.)The cow milks well.(这头牛出奶率很高.)Damp wood will not fire.(湿木不易燃烧.)She doesn’t photograph well.(她不上相.)His judgment proved wrong.(他(de)判断是错(de).)The banana peels easily.(香蕉皮剥起来很容易.)Flies kill easily in autumn.(秋天苍蝇容易死亡.)It turned out fine that day.(结果那天天气很好.)How did his coat catch on a nail (他(de)衣服怎么钩到钉子上了) 2)实用动词“need/want/deserve/require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义.My hair needs cutting..The bike wants repairing.It doesn’t deserve mentioning.Hamlet is required reading for the course.(哈姆雷特为本课程指定读物.)3)一些固定句型如:"be worth doing sth. have/get sth.(sb.)done",以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义:Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting.(北京是中国(de)一个大城市,值得浏览.)Mr..Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday.(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱包).The bike is under(in)repair.(自行车正在修理中.)This tape recorder is in use.(这种录音机正在使用中.)4)一些不定式(de)主动态表示被动意义:①There be句型:There are a lot of things to do.There is nothing to worry about.②不定式修饰want, have等动词(de)宾语,而句中(de)主语同时又不是不定式(de)逻辑主语时:I want some clothes to wash.Do you have anything to say for yourself③不定式修饰buy,get,give等动词(de)直接宾语,而句中(de)间接宾语又是不定式(de)逻辑主语时:His sister gave him a bike to ride.My father get me a book to read.5)少数动词(de)进行时,有时表示被动意义:Her works are printing.The drum is beating.My new house is building.(2)“It is+V-ed+that-"结构表示被动常用(de)这类结构有:“it is said that…”(据说);It is supposed that…(据推测);It is well known that"…(众所周知);It is believed that"…(据信);It is reported that"…(据报导);It is hoped that"…(人们希望);It is generally considered that"…(有人认为);1twill be seen that"…(由此可以看出);It must be admitted that…(必须承认);It must be pointed out that…(必须指出)”等.It is believed/thought that this medicine works well.It is required(of)him that he give the evidence.(要求我提供证据) It is feared that he could not come here.It is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour.It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries.(3) “get + .(动词(de)过去分词)"表示被动:这种结构往往用来强调动作(de)结果,也可用来表示突然发生(de)事态,或最终出现(de)某种事实,是一种非正式语体.Did the question get answeredA Boeing 747 got crashed last week.The house is getting painted/repaired.The building got damaged in the flood.Thousands of soldiers got killed in the war.As I passed by, my coat got caught on a nail.[注]在下列句子中,不能使用“get + . (动词(de)过去分词)”结构.误:He got born in 1976.正:He was born in 1976.误:The stow got written by him.正:The story Was writ.ten by him.误:The conference got being held in London.正:The conference is being held in London.(4) 注意以下被动语态(de)几种情况1)短语动词变为被动语态后,其后(de)介词或副词应紧随其后.Frank was brought up by his aunt.The babies are well looked after.The meeting Was put off.The salesman was put out by Mr..Wilson’s question.(威尔逊先生(de)问题把那位售货员惹火了.)2)“Verb+宾语+宾补”变为被动语态后,宾语转化为主语,宾补转化为主补.The wall Was painted white.(We painted the wal1 white.)He is regarded as smart (We regarded him as smart.)The house was found empty.(We found the house empty.)He Was heard to play the guitar in the next door.(I heard him play the guitar in the next door)浅析动词被动语态(de)几种特殊用法重庆 / 谢仕芳一、短语动词(“动词+介词 / 副词”、“动词+副词+介词”),如:look after, laugh at, operate on, bring out, give up, put off, do away with, make up for, look down upon 等作谓语,变被动语态时,要把它们看作一个整体,其中(de)介词或副词不能漏掉.例如:1. We look after the baby carefully.我们小心地照看着婴儿.The baby is looked after carefully.2. The doctor operated on him at once.医生立刻给他动了手术.He was operated on at once.二、感官动词( see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等)和使役动词( let, make, have 等)用在主动句中,要求后面接不带 to (de)不定式作宾语补足语,但变被动语态时,要加上 to .因为此时原宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了.例如:3. I saw the boy play in the street.我看见那个男孩在街上玩.The boy was seen to play in the street.4. She made me stand for 45 minutes.她让我站了 45 分钟.I was made to stand for 45 minutes.三、带双宾语(de)句子变被动语态时,如果“直宾”作主语,通常要在“间宾”前加 to ,但当谓语动词为 make, mend, buy, pay, get, sing, cook, fetch, spare, find 等时,要在“间宾”前加 for .例如:5. They pass me a letter.他们递给我一封信.A letter is passed to me.6. The mother bought her daughter a gift.那位母亲给她女儿买了一件礼物.A gift was bought for her daughter.四、带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)(de)句子,即宾语和宾语补足语都是名词或代词充当(de)句子,变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为被动语态(de)主语,而宾补保留在谓语后面.例如:7. They call the girl Lucy.他们叫那个女孩露茜.The girl is called Lucy.五、当 anybody, anything 等不定代词作主动式否定句(de)宾语时,变被动语态时,应将其变为 nobody, nothing 作被动句(de)主语,而把被动句(de)谓语动词变为肯定形式.例如:8. He hasn't eaten anything until this morning.到今天早上为止他什么都没吃.Nothing has been eaten until this morning.六、有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式(de),也不可用其过去分词作后置定语,如 arrive, die, become, disappear, happen, take place, break out, belong to 等.例如:9. The American Civil War broke out in 1861.在 1861 年美国内战爆发了.10. The accident which took place last week surprised us.上星期发生(de)事件使我们很惊讶.七、当谓语动词为 say, report, think, believe, expect, know, consider, suppose 等(de)句子变被动语态时,有两种形式:A. 用 it 作形式主语,而真正(de)主语用从句(de)形式来表达,句型为:It is said / reported / supposed / believed that …(据说 / 据报道 / 据推测 / 有人相信……).例如:11. People say that he is a doctor. → It is said that he is a doctor. 据说他是个医生.B. 谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语.例如:12. People say that he is a doctor. → He is said to be a doctor.八、主动形式表被动意义(de)几种情况.A. 一些及物动词,如 read, act, write, feel, sell, wear, wash, open, shout, clean, cook, keep, play, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, allow, run, record, begin 等,在主语是物(de)句子里时,常用主动形式表被动意义.例如:13. The story-book sells well.这本故事书很畅销.14. This pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔很好用.15. The machine runs well.机器运转良好.B. 一些表示状态特征(de)连系动词或一些感官动词,如 look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear 等充当系动词时,用主动形式表被动意义.例如:16. The roses smell sweet.玫瑰花闻起来很香.17. Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口.C. 动词不定式前有形容词 light, heavy, easy, difficult, expensive, fit, nice, interesting, dangerous, bitter 等,且与句子主语构成动宾关系时,用主动形式表被动意义.例如:18. The old man is difficult to deal with.那个老人很难应付.19. The telephone number “ 119 ” is easy to remember.号码 119 很好记.D. 在“ This / That is + 名词”(de)句型中,修饰表语(de)不定式用主动形式表被动意义.例如:20. This is a hard question to answer.这是个很难回答(de)问题.21. That is a nice place to visit.那是个值得参观(de)好地方.E. 作定语用(de)不定式(de)逻辑主语在句中作主语或宾语时,用主动形式表被动意义.例如:22. I have a lot of work to do.我今天有很多工作要做.被动语态(de)特殊用法一、主动形式表示被动意义.主动形式表示被动意义有以下几种情况:1.在句型“sth.+link v.+adj.”中,如look, sound, smell, taste 和feel这五个连系动词用主动形式表示“某物给人某种感觉”.例如:This kind of cloth feels smooth and looks nice. 这种布料摸起来光滑,看起来很漂亮.2.在句型“sth.+vi.+adv.”中,象wish, sell, write, lock, open, close, last 等不及物动词,用主动形式表示某物(de)某种属性.例如:This kind of cloth washes easily and sells well. 这种布料容易洗,好卖.3.在“adj.+to do”结构中,作状语(de)不定式用主动形式表示被动意义.例如:The water is unfit to drink. 这水不宜饮用.I found his house easy to find. 我发觉他(de)房子很容易找到.4.在“have / want / need sth. to do”结构中,作定语(de)不定式用主动形式示被动意义.例如:Do you have anything to say for yourself. 你有什么话要替自己说吗I want something to eat. 我想吃点东西.I need some water to drink. 我需要喝点水.注意:动词have后面(de)不定式也可以用被动形式,此时,不定式(de)动作(de)执行者,往往是别人而不是句子中(de)主语.例如:I’m going to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought我要去北京,你有什么东西要(我)买吗I have a child to be looked after. 我有个小孩要人照看.试比较:I have a child to look after. 有个小孩要我照看.5.在句型“give / buy , / lend / get sb. sth. to do”中,作定语(de)不定式用主动形式表示被动意义.例如:I’m hungry. Can you give me something to eat我饿了,请给我点吃(de)好吗She offered to lend me some books to read. 他提出借些书我看.6.在句型“there is sth. to do”中,作定语(de)不定式既可以用主动形式表示被动意义,也可以用波动形式.例如:As there was nothing else to do / to be done, we left there.由于没有别(de)事可做,我们离开了那儿.There are a number of problems to deal with / to be dealt with. 有很多问题要处理.7.在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”独立主格结构中,作宾补(de)不定式用主动形式表示被动意义(主语是不定式动作执行者).例如:With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.由于有很多问题要解决,新选(de)总统日子不好过.8.在“be to blame (for…)”结构中,作表语(de)不定式用主动形式表示“应该受到责备或谴责”.例如:Who is to blame for it这事该怪谁呢The driver is to blame for the accident. 司机应该对事故负责.9.在表示“需要”(de)动词need, want, require之后,作宾语(de)动名词用主动形式表示被动意义.例如:The teaching plan requires further discussing. 教学计划需要进一步讨论.The machine needs repairing. 这个机器需要修理.10.在“be worth doing”结构中,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义.例如:The movie is worth seeing twice. 这部影片值得看两遍.11.在表示“应得、应受”(de)动词deserve 之后作宾语,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义.例如:The boy deserved beating. 这个孩子该打.一.何时使用被动语态英语中,大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力.但是,被动语态也有其特殊(de)用途,它也是表达思想、描述事物(de)需要.人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态:.1.不知道或不必说出动作(de)执行者时使用被动语态How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 科学家们说,力移动时就做了功.After war,everything had been destroyed. 战争结束后,一切都被毁坏了.A greater number of magic English books will be published next year.明年将有更多(de)魔法英语书出版.2.强调动作(de)承受者时使用被动语态例句If you break the school rules,you will be punished. 如果你违反校规,你将受到惩罚.A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我们家乡将开办一所新(de)希望学校.She is liked by everybody. 大家都喜欢她.Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class. 小李被选为班长.3.当动作(de)执行者不是人而是无生命(de)事物时使用被动语态The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了.We were shocked by the news of his death. 我们听到他(de)死讯极为震惊.Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 许多事故都是开车不小心造成(de).4.修辞(de)需要,使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称例句He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他出现在舞台上,受到了观众(de)热烈鼓掌.The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received.这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史(de)讲座,受到大家(de)热烈欢迎.I was shown round the school campus by Sean,who had entered the school just a year before. 肖恩带我参观了校园,他去年刚进这所学校.5.为了表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己时使用被动语态例句You’ve been told many tim es not to make the same mistake.你已被多次告知不要犯同样(de)错误.Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定.The control room may not be entered without permission. 非经许可,勿人控制室.6.科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程时应使用被动语态例句The film is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colours of light. 胶卷上涂了一层感光(de)化学物质,这些物质因光(de)不同色度与颜色而改变.7.在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻(de)客观性例句The west-east gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nation’s west development campaign. 西气东输工程7月4日全线开工,这是国家西部大开发战略(de)一件大事.8.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态例句He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市.The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外.常用于被动语态(de)动词有born(出生)、 situate(坐落于)、 build(建造)、break(打破)、publish(出版)等.二.使用被动语态时(de)主意事项1.“get+过去分词”结构也可以表被动例句The boy got hurt on his way to school. 这个男孩在上学(de)路上受伤了.These cleaners got paid by the month. 清洁工人按月拿工资.He got caught in the heavy rain on his way home. 在回家(de)路上他被困在大雨中了.类似短语get burnt(着火)、get killed(被杀)、get hurt(受伤)、get lost (迷路)get dressed(穿衣服)、get changed(变化)、get married(结婚)、get washed(洗)等.2.有部分动词接双宾语,那么变为被动语态时也有两种形式.例句主动语态:I passed him a new book.我地给他一本书被动语态:A new book was passed to him(by me). 或 He was passed a new book(by me).可接双宾语(de)动词有give(给)、hand(传给)、show(展示)、teach(教)、send(派遣)、pass(传递)等.3.有些“动词+介词/副词”构成(de)固定动词短语,变为被动语态时要注意其完整性,不可分开.例句主动语态:We should take good care of the old and the children. 我们应该照顾好老人和小孩.被动语态:The old and the children should be taken good care of.4.有些由“动词+名词+介词”构成(de)短语动词,其结构较松散,变成被动语态时也可以将名词和其后(de)介词拆开.例句主动语态:They make good use of the library. 他们充分利用图书馆.被动语态:Good use is made of the library. 这个图书馆(de)利用率很高.5.英语中,有些动词接不带to(de)不定式做宾补,但是当它们变为被动语态时,要把to加上去.例句主动语态:The boss made them work twelve hours every day. 老板让他们每天工作十二小时.被动语态:They were made to work twelve hours every day.可接不带to(de)不定式做宾补(de)动词有let(让)、have(使)、see(看)、notice(注意)、watch(观看)、listen to(听)hear(听)、observe(观察)、feel(感觉)等.三、被动语态(de)用法:1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作(de)执行者时.The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造(de).He was elected chairman.他被选为主席.2、当更加强调动作(de)承受者时.此时动作(de)执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略.The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫.The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了.3、当动作(de)执行者不是人时,多用被动语态.如:The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了.The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了.4、表示客观(de)说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型.It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了.It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍.其它常见(de)"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有It is reported that…据报道It is said that…据说It is believed that…大家相信It is suggested that…有人建议四、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示:1、主动语态变为被动语态(de)步骤:(1)将主动句(de)宾语变为主语:注意:如果主动句(de)宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格.如:Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.(2)将动词改为"be+过去分词".注意:They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了.(3)将主动语态(de)主语改为be…放在谓语动词后.注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格.He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.2、主动语态变为被动语态(de)注意事项:(1)主动句中(de)主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"(de)单词,变为主动句时,通常删去"by…",但原主语被强调者除外.如:They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975.这所医院建于1975年.Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成这项工作.The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成. (2)含有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语(de)句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态(de)主语,即其被动语态有两种形式.但多以间接宾语作主语. Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相.We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.五、动词(de)主动形式表示被动之意以主动形式表示被动之意(de)动词多为连系动词,如:look, feel, smell 等.下列动词没有被动式:happen, cost,take,haveAn accident was happened yesterday.(×)昨天发生了一起事故. An accident happened yesterday.()The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香.The watch looks good.这表看起来很好.This book sells well.这本书畅销.六、各种时态(de)被动语态举例(以动词do为例)1.一般现在时(am/ is/ are +done)English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上(de)许多人都说英语.Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会.The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室.2.一般过去时(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了.He was saved at last. 他最终获救了.My bike was stolen. 我(de)自行车被偷了.3.一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲.A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路.I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助.4.现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时,机器正在被修理.The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论.A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车. 5.现在完成时(have/ has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了.The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了.Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害.6.过去完成时(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了.She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁.He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了.。

被动语态中的主动表被动的用法;(讲义)

被动语态中的主动表被动的用法;(讲义)

1. 通过学习本课,能够全面掌握哪些词往往用主动表被动意义。

2. 通过学习本课,能够初步使用主动形式表被动造句。

重点:特殊词汇特殊用法。

难点:灵活运用主动语态和被动语态。

1. 被动语态是中学英语的基础语法之一,而主动表被动又是特殊用法,所以考试时颇受关注。

2. 能熟练记忆并运用主动表被动的词汇是考查的目的。

情景交际1. 掌握下面三个话题的交际用语。

2. 学会在日常生活中运用这三个话题的交际用语。

重点:1. My favourite sport is... 我最喜欢的体育运动是……2. The advantage/ disadvantage is… 优点是……/缺点是……3. In order to help/save… 为了帮助/救助……4. We should protect…from… 我们应该保护……免受……难点:观点讨论。

主动表被动1. 系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等+形容词/名词构成的系表结构。

The steel feels cold. 钢摸起来很凉。

His plan proved practical. 他的计划被证明很实用。

2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin, finish, start, open, stop, run, move等。

Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. 早上7点钟开始工作。

The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 这个商店下午6点关门。

3.表示主语某种属性特征的动词,如read, write, act, cut, draw, sell, wash, clean等。

这类动词一般不单独使用,常有一个修饰语。

This coat dries easily. 这件外衣容易干。

主动表被动

主动表被动

主动表被动
主动表被动是语法中的重要知识点,指在表达某个动作时,主语可以变为动作的承受者并处于句子的被动语态中。

形式上表现为“被+动词的过去分词”,例如:“我被老板批评了。

”这句话中,“我”作为主语变成了“被批评”动作的承受者,而动作的执行者是“老板”。

主动和被动都是表现动词的两种语态,而主动语态则相反,主语则是执行动作的人或者物,例如:“老板批评了我”。

同样的动作,主动和被动的语态可以表现出不同的重点和语气。

在写作中,我们可以根据需要来使用主动和被动语态。

在表达文章中的观点和论述时,主动语态多用来表达写
作者自己的观点、经验和观察,以突出作者的主体意识和主观性。

而被动语态则通常用来描述一些客观的事实、现象和规律,以突出客观性和事实性。

例如,在一篇科学研究的论文中,通常使用被动语态来
描述实验的过程和结果,以展现客观性和准确性。

而如果是一篇社论或议论文,则可能会多采用主动语态,以表达作者的观点和主张。

但要注意,使用主动语态并不代表文章就一定拥有更高
的作者主体性和主观性,而使用被动语态也并非一定表现出更客观、更准确的描述。

在写作中,我们要根据需要和具体情况来应用语态,以达到最佳的表达效果。

总体来说,主动语态用来表达作者的主观意愿,被动语
态则用来强调事件或行动的客观性和事实性。

在写作中,这两种语态可以相互配合,以展示不同的表达效果和风格。

英语被动语态(主动表被动)考点

英语被动语态(主动表被动)考点
This problem is difficult to work out.
这道题很难计算出。
5.be to rent/blame/let也属于主动形式表被 动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake?
谁应为这个错误接受谴责?
The houses are to let.
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
It tastes very delicious.
它品尝起来很可口。
3.在need, want, require, deserve, bear等动词及形 容词worth的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意 义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这房子需要修理。
The picture book is well worth reading.
这本图画书非常值得一读。
4.在“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”结构 中,不定式的主动形式可表示被动意义。这些形 容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting 等。
This kind of cloth washes wes as follows.
这牌子告示如下。
This material won't wear.
这种材料不耐穿。
The machine runs well.
这种机器运转良好。
2. 表示感受、感官的系动词如feel, sound, taste, look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常 以主动形式表示被动意义。

被动语态及主动表被动

被动语态及主动表被动
被动语态及主动表被动
目录
• 被动语态的定义和用法 • 主动表被动的含义和形式 • 被动语态和主动表被动的区别与
联系 • 被动语态和主动表被动在句子中
的应用 • 练习与巩固
01
被动语态的定义和用法
定义
01
被动语态是指句子中的主语是动 作的接受者,而不是动作的执行 者。
02
在被动语态中,动作执行者通常 被省略,或者使用by引导的方式 表达。
VS
在使用主动表被动时,需要注意语境 和语气。例如,“这本书被小明借走 了”这句话的语气比较正式,适合正 式场合;而“这本书让小明借走了” 这句话的语气比较口语化,适合非正 式场合。
03
被动语态和主动表被动的区 别与联系
区别
01
形式不同
被动语态通常使用助动词be和及物动词的过去分词形式,如"The book
01
例如,I saw the movie. → The movie was seen by me.
进行时态的被动语态
02
例如,They are building a bridge. → A bridge is being
built by them.
完成时态的被动语态
03
例如,He has written a letter. → A letter has been written
中的情态动词都为"can"。
使用目的
在某些语境中,使用被动语态或 主动表被动都可以达到同样的目 的,如强调动作的接受者或主语
的属性或状态。
04
被动语态和主动表被动在句 子中的应用
被动语态的应用
动作的接受者更受关注
避免主观色彩

英语中动词主动表被动的四种类型

英语中动词主动表被动的四种类型

英语中动词主动表被动的四种类型所谓主动表被动,就是指用主动语态的形式表示被动语态的意义。

适合这类用法的动词主要有以下几类:1. feel类以feel为代表的表示“……起来”的连系动词,如feel, look, sound, smell, taste等,尽管它们从汉语看来具有被动意味,但它们只能用主动形式表示被动意义。

如:The water feels warm. 水摸起来很暖和。

按理说,“水”自己是不能摸的,它应该是被人摸才对,所以上面这句话的实际意义是“这水被我们摸起来很暖和”之类的意思。

但是,由于feel作为连系动词它是不及物的,根本没法用于被动语态,所以只好用主动形式表示被动意义了。

The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。

同样地,“菜”自己是不能闻的,它应该是被人闻才对,所以上面这句话的实际意义是“这道被我们闻起来很香”之类的意思。

但是,由于smell作为连系动词它是不及物的,根本没法用于被动语态,所以只好用主动形式表示被动意义了。

为什么动词不及物就没法用于被动语态呢?因为由主动语态变为被动语态时,我们要将主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语,如果主动句的谓语是不及物动词,那么它就没有宾语,这样一样,变成被动语态就会没有主语,所以不及物动词没法用于被动语态。

2. open类以open为代表的一类动词,如open, close, shut, lock, move等,它们既可以用作及物动词,也可以用作不及物动词;当它们用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义,此时通常与can't, won't 等连用。

如:It can't move. 它动不了。

The windows wouldn't open. 窗子打不开了。

主动表被动注意这类用法与用被动语态含义的区别。

如:The door won't shut. 这门关不上。

The door won't be shut. 这门将不用关上。

被动语态:主动表被动形式

被动语态:主动表被动形式

被动语态:主动表被动形式1) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。

【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。

(说明主语的属性――窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。

(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同: Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。

(不强调动作执行者)The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。

(强调动作执行者)2)当read, wash,clean, cook, cut, wear, carry,sell 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。

The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。

This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。

This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。

【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。

不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作): The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。

高中英语主动形式表被动意义的十种情况

高中英语主动形式表被动意义的十种情况

英语中主动形式表被动意义的十种情况英语中有时用动词的主动形式表示被动意义。

现总结如下:1.某些感官动词,如look,feel,sound,taste,smell等常用主动形式表示被动意义。

例如:2.某些动词,如sell,wash,write,lock,shut,close,open,read,wear等,作不与物动词时常用主动形式表示被动意义。

例如:His pen writes smoothly.The window won’t shut.This type of TV set sells well.3.prove用作系动词,用主动形式表被动意义。

These methods have proves quite effective.He proves (to be)honest.4.be worth后长加动词的主动形式表被动意义。

例如:The book is well worth reading.This film is worth seeing.5.need,want,require,won’t bear,deserve等动词后用V-ing主动形式表被动意义。

句中主语是V-ing实质上的宾语。

用作V-ing形式的动词假设是不与物动词,后应加相应的介词。

The flowers need/want/require watering.The problem required paying special attention to.以上几个动词除外,也可用不定式的被动语态来表示。

例如:6.某些动词的进展时可表被动意义,如print,cook,build,show等。

例如:What’s showing at the cinema this week?Her novel is reprinting(=being reprinted).The bridge is building(=being built)7.to let〔出租〕,to blame〔责备〕只用主动形式表被动意义。

主动表被动的单词

主动表被动的单词

被动语态:主动表被动的单词:need want requirerise主动表被动的单词:1.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。

1.不能用被动语态的:lastdisappearhappenbelong totastecut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keepThis knife cuts well.这把刀好切。

These books sell well.这些书好卖。

The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。

2.一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。

常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,The apples taste good.The flower smells wonderful. The newsproved/turned out true3.不定式在形容词之后,形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义.hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossibleThe problem is easy to do.The question is difficult to answer.4 Need, want, require(要求,需要),Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。

5、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面有动宾关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。

I have much work to do.我有许多要做的事情。

(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。

(与room有动宾关系,与Tom有主谓关系)5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

被动语态:主动表被动形式
1) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:
The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。

【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。

(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。

(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)
有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同:Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。

(不强调动作执行者)
The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。

(强调动作执行者)
2)当read, wash,clean, cook, cut, wear, carry,sell 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:
The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。

The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。

This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。

This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。

【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。

不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作):The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。

(即这句子没有歧义)
The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。

(指读的人读得好)
另外,以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态:
The vegetables are cooking.蔬菜正在煮着。

Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?
(3)某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin,start, finish, end等),当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时,可用主动形式表示被动意义:
When does the concertbegin? 音乐会什么时候开始?
The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。

(4)有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义:
Where is the new filmshowing? 这部新电影在哪里放映? My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。

相关文档
最新文档