高一必修4_Unit1语法学习-主谓一致精讲精练

主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如:

He is going abroad.

They are playing football.

可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.

(一)语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数.

and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：

(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。如：

He and I __are_both students of this school.

(2) 如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。

Eg. The singer and dancer _is____ on the stage./

A knife and fork is used to have meals./

The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) The poet and the writer have come.

War and peace is often people’s topic

如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

whisky and soda 汽水salt and water 盐水 a needle and thread针线;

a horse and cart四轮马车; a watch and chain表链; war and peace战争与和平; truth and honesty;

A singer and dancer _______been invited to the party.

A singer and a dancer _______been invited to the party.

(3)and连接的两个或多个主语前如有each, every, no, many a(许多）more than one 等修饰时，尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数.

Eg. 1)Every tree and (every) flower is to be cut down.

2)In our country each boy and (each) girl has right to receive education

3)No sound and no voice is heard.

4)Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.

5)More than one student was late.

注意：但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数

More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。

(4) each of…/either of…./ one of…谓语动词用单数.

Eg. Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说

(5) none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数.

Eg. None of us are (is) perfect.人无完人。

None of this worries me.这事一点不使我着急。

None of this money is mine. 这些钱都不是我的。

(6) 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.

Eg. Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质.

No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。

The teacher with two students __was _ at the meeting .

Mary, together with her parents, ____has been _to the Summer Palace twice.

(7) 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:

Eg. His clothes are good. //// These scissors are sharp. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单

数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。

(8) 主语是书名，剧名，报纸名，国名等复数形式的名词，仍为个体，谓语用单数。

形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。Eg. The United States is a developed country.

(9) “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:

One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。

(10) 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:

Eg. Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福.

Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。

When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。

When and where we will go hasn’t been decided.

注意:但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是“be +...”的结构时，谓语随....变化。

Eg: 1.)What you did was right.

2.)What you need are these dictionaries

(11)复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。

Eg: Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。

Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到

(二)内容一致原则:

1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数percent +名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.

Eg:

The rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行车，今天出售。

60% (60 percent )of the apple was eaten by little boy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。

20 percent of the workers in the factory are women. 工厂里百分之20的工人是女人。

One third of the students in our class____are___ girls.

Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。

Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。

2.不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:

Eg: A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。

A part of the apple has been eaten up by the rat. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。

3.主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。

Eg:

1.)Which is more valuable, health or wealth?

2.)Which are prettier, these or those?

4. 加减乘除用单数.如:minus ,plus ,multiply, divide

Eg: Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。

5. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们作为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:

Eg: Sixty years is a long time.