1雅思托福语法之被动语态、定语从句
定语从句、被动语态
专题十八:定语从句一、定语从句:1.定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句:1.先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that,which均可.但下列情况,只用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .2).先行词被the only, the very, the last, all, no, little等词修饰,只用that。
This is the very book ___ I’m looking for .3).先行词被序数词修饰时,只用that . This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .5).先行词既有人也有物时,只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .2.先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况,只能用which不用that。
雅思常用语法总结
雅思常用语法总结雅思考试中常用的语法总结如下:1. 时态:包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来时、过去将来时等。
时态的正确使用是非常重要的,特别是在写作和口语表达中。
2. 被动语态:被动语态用于强调动作的接受者和动作的重要性。
被动语态的形式为“助动词be + 过去分词”,常用的助动词有am, is, are, was, were等。
3. 条件句:条件句用于表达假设、可能性、推测等。
包括三种类型:零条件句(零条件句表示一般事实)、一般条件句(表示现在或将来的情况)、虚拟条件句(表示与现实相反的假设或不可能实现的情况)。
4. 从句:从句是一个句子中的一部分,具有主语和谓语,可做其他句子的主语、宾语、状语等。
常见的从句包括名词性从句(作主语、宾语、表语等)、定语从句(修饰名词)、副词从句(修饰动词、形容词、副词等)。
5. 并列结构:并列结构用于连接两个或多个相同重要性的句子,可以使用连词and, but, or等。
并列结构使句子更加流畅和有逻辑性。
6. 符合最佳用法:在雅思写作中,使用符合最佳用法是非常重要的。
这包括使用适当的连接词、平衡句子结构和长度、使用多样的句型和长句,并在表达观点时提供足够的支持和证据。
7. 倒装句:倒装句的语序颠倒是为了强调特定的信息或实现平衡和连贯。
常见的倒装情况包括完全倒装(谓语动词位于主语之前)、部分倒装(助动词位于主语之前)和否定倒装(否定词位于句首)。
8. 间接引语:间接引语用于转述别人的话或思想。
常见的引述动词包括say, tell, ask等。
在使用间接引语时,需要注意时态的转换和引号的使用。
这些是雅思考试中常用的语法要点总结,合理运用这些语法规则可以提高语言表达的准确性和流利度。
同时,还需要多加练习,掌握常用的语法用法。
雅思托福语法之被动语态、定语从句
将主动语态中的主语和宾语颠倒 位置,并将谓语动词变为被动形
式。
02 定语从句
定义与特点
定义
定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从 句,用于描述名词或代词的特征或属 性。
特点
定语从句通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或 代词之后,用关系代词(如that、 which、who等)引导,对名词或代 词进行限定或补充说明。
04 练习与巩固
被动语态练习题
总结词
掌握被动语态的基本结构和用法
详细描述
被动语态是英语语法中的重要部分,用于描述动作的接受者而不是执行者。通过 练习题,可以加深对被动语态的理解和运用,包括各种时态和语态的转换,以及 在复杂句型中的应用。
定语从句练习题
总结词
熟悉定语从句的规则和用法
详细描述
定语从句用于修饰名词或代词,对其属性或特征进行描述。通过练习题,可以熟悉定语从句的规则和用法,包括 关系代词的选择、从句的时态和语态等,以及在写作中的应用。
雅思托福写作练习题
总结词
提高雅思托福写作水平
详细描述
雅思托福写作考试要求考生具备良好的语法和表达能力。通过练习雅思托福写作题,可以锻炼考生的 思维逻辑、语言表达和语法运用能力,提高雅思托福写作水平。
THANKS
功能不同
定语从句主要用来修饰名词或代词,限定其范围或补充说明其特征,而同位语 从句则用来补充说明主语的身份、地位等信息。
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雅思托福考试中的被动语态与 定语从句
雅思托福考试中被动语态的考查重点
被动语态的基本形式
雅思托福考试中常考查被动语态的基本形式,如“be+过去分词 ”等。
被动语态的时态变化
考生需要掌握被动语态的各种时态,如一般现在时、一般过去时、 将来时等。
被动语态和定语从句
中考英语主动语态变被动语态被动语态由“助动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
在将主动语态变为被动语态时,可按以下三个步骤:a.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
b.把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) ,并根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
c.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。
例如:All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。
一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变;另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。
例如:My father gave me a new book on my birthday.→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后,to仍要保留。
例如:We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.→It should be done at once.练习将下列句子变为被动语态:1. We often sing this song._______________________________2. He broke his leg in the match._______________________________3. She will sell her house soon._______________________________4. He is repairing the machine._______________________________5. He has finished his work._______________________________6. We call him Lao Wang._______________________________7. We must do something to help her._______________________________8. What did you say at the meeting?_______________________________9. He gave me some old magazines._______________________________10. He told me to wait at the gate._______________________________【参考答案】1. This song is often sung.2. His leg was broken in the match.3. Her house will be sold soon.4. The machine is being repaired.5. His work has been finished.6. He is called Lao Wang.7. Something must be done to help her.8. What was said at the meeting?9. I was given some old magazines.10. I was told to wait at the gate。
雅思写作流程图被动语态常用语句
雅思写作流程图被动语态常用语句第一篇:雅思写作流程图被动语态常用语句雅思写作中小作文分为四个类型,大部分同学都会认为线图,饼图,柱状图最好写,最难写的是地图和流程图。
原因是因为流程图找不到合适的动词,因为图中给出来的都是名词,或者是动名词形式,本来单词就不认识更别说判断这个词的词性呢。
那么流程图写法有没有可以准备的地方呢?有!因为流程图大部分在语态上使用被动(passive voice)所以一些固定的词组可以被用到流程图中。
流程图大部分和工业产品制造相关,比如玻璃瓶子如何回收再制造,水泥如何自造的,雨水如何净化成饮用水,其中找合适的动词是学生觉得最困难的部分,所以在这里给大家总结一些流程图常用的词组:Be sent to 被送到Be transported to 被运送到Be delivered to 被输送到Be transferred to 被转移至Be heated on/in 在…上被加热Be extracted from 从…萃取Be separated from 从… 分离Be refined from 从….提炼Be filtered 被过滤Be degraded to/from 降级为…Be evaporated 被蒸发Be incinerated 被焚烧为Be broken down 被分解为Be oxidized 被氧化为Be deforested 被荒漠化Be released to 被释放到Be burned by 被燃烧Be mixed with 和…混合Be moulded as 被塑造成为Be processed 被加工成Be disposed of 被处理Be promoted 被提升为Be manufactured 被制作/制造Be generated 被产生/制造Be grilled 被烧烤Be smoked 被烟熏Be exposed 被暴露Be restored 被恢复以上就是环球雅思老师介绍的部分流程图被动语态常用词组,当然,备考雅思写作不能只满足于此,这次老师抛砖引玉,为的是拓展、强调了被动语态在雅思写作流程图中的重要性和关键性,希望对大家有所帮助。
定语从句及被动语态
A. which B. that C. when D. where
• 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分
同样是修饰一个地点,有时使用where,有时使用that/which; 同样是修饰一个时间,有时使用when, 有时使用that/which 选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于关系词在从句中所担当的成
3.Is there anything which you want in this shop? Is there anything that you want in this shop?
4.He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.
all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等. 4)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等 修饰。
5)先行词既有人又有物时。
6)如果有两个定语从句, 应避免重复 7)当句中已有who/ which时,定语从句要用that 而不用who(m) / which
分:如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时,只能用 关系代词;如果关系词在从句中作状语(时间、地点、原因)则 用关系副词。
请比较以下句子:
• This is the park that we visited last year • This is the park where we held a birthday party. • That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever.
托福考试语法结构知识点
托福考试语法结构知识点托福考试是一个评估非英语母语者英语能力的标准化测试,其中语法结构是考试的一个重要部分。
掌握语法结构的知识点对于正确理解和运用英语语言至关重要。
本文将介绍托福考试中常见的语法结构知识点,帮助考生更好地备考。
一、动词时态和语态1. 一般现在时:用于陈述普遍事实、经常重复的动作或客观真理。
例如:Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.2. 一般过去时:用于过去发生的动作或状态。
例如:I watched a movie yesterday.3. 现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作或现阶段的状态。
例如:She is reading a book now.4. 过去进行时:表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
例如:They were studying when I called them.5. 将来时态的使用:用于表示将来的动作或状态。
例如:I will go to the party tomorrow.6. 被动语态:用于强调动作的接受者而不是执行者。
例如:The book was written by Mark Twain.二、主谓一致1. 单复数主谓一致:主语是单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
例如:She walks to school every day. They walk to school every day.2. 近距离主谓一致:当主语和谓语之间有介词短语或从句时,要根据主语而不是介词短语或从句来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
例如:The book, along with its companion, is on the shelf.三、条件句1. 第一型条件句:表示真实条件和其可能的结果。
例如:If it rains,I will stay at home.2. 第二型条件句:表示对现在或未来假设的不太可能或不可能的条件及其可能的结果。
被动语态专讲、定语从句专讲
被动语态专讲一、引言汉语中对于被动语态的使用简直是小菜一碟,想必大家初次接触到“把”字句、“被”字句时大都不屑一顾。
很少有人主动把中文主被动的转换当作大碍。
但英文中因为动词时态的复杂,在转换成被动语态时自然容易搅得人头昏脑胀。
事实上我们经常用到的一些口语句型就是被动结构,如“Well done”、“The plane’s been delayed 10 minutes”等等。
如何对付被动语态,本文正是对症下药的良方一剂。
二、语态概述语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,即是主语在做这个动作;而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者,即动作的对象,此时,主语是动作的逻辑宾语。
例如:My uncle repaired the TV set yesterday. 昨天我叔叔修理了那台电视机。
The TV set was repaired (by my uncle) yesterday. 那台电视机昨天被(我叔叔)修理了。
三、被动语态的构成被动语态是由“be动词+(及物动词)过去分词”构成。
若要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时,句子后边需接by…,译为“被(由)……”。
不同时态的被动语态主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
现已及物动词do为例,其各种时态四、被动语态的用法五、两种语态互变☆主动语态变被动语态1.2. 把谓语变成被动结构(be +过去分词),时态要跟原主动语态一致;3. 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,若为代词,要将主格改为宾格。
如果不强调动作的执行者,by短语可省略。
例如:主动句:People play football all over the world.被动句:Football ____________ (by people) all over the world.☆被动语态变主动语态被动句:This song was ________ (写) by Andy Lau.主动句:Andy Lau ________ (写) this song.六、特殊结构的被动语态1. 双宾结构的被动语态主动结构中如果有两个宾语,变成被动结构时,只将其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个宾语保留不变(即:变一留一)。
被动语态定语从句
被动语态一、被动语态概述:语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如:He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态)The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态)二、被动语态的用法:1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was builtlast year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was electe d chairm an.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleane d yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tigerwas killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。
如:The window was blownby wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The wholevillag e has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believ ed that he is a spy. (=He is believ ed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
Eytfyvc新托福综合写作高分十大句型
-+懒惰是很奇怪的东西,它使你以为那是安逸,是休息,是福气;但实际上它所给你的是无聊,是倦怠,是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望,割断你和别人之间的友情,使你心胸日渐狭窄,对人生也越来越怀疑。
—罗兰新托福综合写作高分十大句型发布:北京雅思培训学校点击数:发布时间:2010-1-23 16:18:32十大经典句型博得新托福综合写作高分第一,定语从句。
这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。
适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。
例如,下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。
Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex. source:veduchina→ Bad books, in which there might be much description ab out violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.第二,状语从句。
在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句,即原因状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句,时间状语从句和目的状语从句。
1. 原因状语从句:常由because, as, since和for引导Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.尽管如此,我还是赞成太空探险,因为它的好处远远大于坏处。
2. 让步状语从句:常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
定语从句和被动语态
定语从句一. 定语从句的三个概念1. 定语从句: 修饰一个名词或代词的句子/ 用来做定语的句子叫定语从句2. 关系词: 引出定语从句的词叫关系词3. 先行词: 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
二. 关系词在从句中代替先行词1. 关系词本身没有词义, 代替先行词的词义2. 必须充当定语从句中的一个成分3. 根据它在定语从句中所充当的成分将引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词三. 关系词的选择引导定语从句的关系代词有: who, whom, whose, that, which, as等,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分1. 先行词是人时的三种情况:(1) 先行词是人, 从句中缺少主语时, 用who或that作从句的主语e.g. I have a friend who/ that likes listening to classic music.注意:1) 当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those, people 等指人时, 一般用who, 不用thate.g. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.2) 在以疑问词who开头的句子中, 或关系代词在从句中作表语时, 用that, 不用whoe.g. Who is the man that is shouting there?She is not the girl that she used to be.3) 在there be 句型中, 先行词是人, 只能用whoe.g. There are many people who are singing.(2) 先行词是人, 从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时, 用whom或that (介词后不用that)e.g. The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it.The teacher wants to return the book to the girl (whom/ that) he borrowed it from.(3) 先行词是人, 从句中缺少定语时, 用whosee.g. Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?2. 先行词是物时的三种情况:(1) 先行词是物, 从句中缺少主语时, 用that, which e.g. You’d better not drink water which /that has not been boiled.(2) 先行词是物, 从句中缺少动词宾语或介词宾语时, 用which或that, 注意介词后不用thate.g. This is the house in which once Lu Xun lived .This is the house (which/ that) once Lu Xun lived in.(3) 先行词是物, 且从句中缺少定语时, 用whose或the+名词+of which的结构e.g. We study in the classroom whose door / the door of which faces south.3.下列情况下, 只用that, 不用which引导定语从句(1) 先行词是不定代词, 如all, none, little, few, much, one, some, anything, nothingeverything, something等e.g. Is there anything that you want?(2) 先行词被all, no, every, some, little, few, much, one of , the only, the very, the right, the same等所修饰时e.g. The only thing that he remembered was her name.(3) 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时e.g. This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.She is the most beautiful girl that I had known.(4) 先行词中既有人又有物时e.g. They talked about the teachers and the things (that) they remembered in the school.(5) 以which开头的疑问句中, 多用that引导从句e.g. Which is your book that you always read.引导定语从句的关系副词有: when, where, why , 在定语从句中充当状语的成分, 即在从句中起副词和介词短语的作用1. Wheree.g. This is the house.I was born in the house.=This is the house where I was born. (where代替先行词house)=This is the house which / that / 不填I was born in.=This is the house in which I was born.2. whene.g. We’ll never forget the day.We joined the party on the day.= We’ll never forget the day when we joined the party.= We’ll never forget the day which / that/ 不填we joined the party on.= We’ll never forget the day on which we joined the party.3. whye.g. The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to a party.The reason is that I want to invite you to a party. (表语从句)= The reason why I am calling you is that I want to invite you to a party.(既有定语从句又有表语从句)连接词在句子中的不同作用:e.g. Hangzhou is the place that is very famous. (主语)Hangzhou is the place which I will never forget. (宾语)Hangzhou is the place to which I went last summer. (介词宾语)Hangzhou is the place whose scenery is beautiful. (定语)Hangzhou is the place where I went last summer. (状语)由as 引导的定语从句1. as 引导限定性定语从句时, 先行词常用such和same修饰, as在从句中不省略e.g. We do the same work as they do.2. as 引导的非限定性定语从句,as代表整个主句的意义e.g. We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.Taiwan, as is known to everyone, is a part of ChinaAs was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner.四. 定语从句与其他从句的区分:1. 定语从句与强调句的区分:(去掉it is/was和that 的部分, 若句子成立则为强调句)e.g. It was on that day that he left school. (强调句)2. 定语从句与结果状语从句的区分:(看连接词是不是在句中担当成分, 若担当则为定语从句)e.g. He is such a kind person as everybody likes. (定语从句)He is such a kind person that everybody likes him. (结果状语从句)3. 定语从句与同位语从句的区分:(看连接词是不是在句中担当成分, 若不担当而只表示前面名词的具体内容则为同位语从句)e.g. The news that he had passed the exam surprised us. (同位语从句)The news that we heard surprised us. (定语从句)五. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选择:1. 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配e.g. The farm on which I once worked is very beautiful.2. 介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配:e.g. Who is the man with whom our teacher is talking?3. 介词与从句中的形容词是一种习惯性搭配e.g. Ours is a great country, of which we are proud.4. 表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时, 用介词ofe.g. I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed.There are over 100 teachers, sixth percent of whom are women.定语从句考点分析1. The best work ______ Lu Xun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.A. which; thatB. that; ×C. ×; thatD. ×; ×析:如果两个定语从句并列,关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略,但后一句的不可省略,故应选C。
雅思定语从句知识点总结
雅思定语从句知识点总结雅思考试中,写作部分考查学生对于定语从句的运用是否熟练。
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,对于提高句子的复杂性和语言的丰富性有很大帮助。
在本文中,我们将对雅思定语从句的知识点进行总结,帮助考生更好地掌握这一语法结构。
一、什么是定语从句定语从句是对名词或代词进行修饰的从句,它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,对先行词进行限定或者对其进行进一步说明。
在语法上,定语从句位于被修饰的名词之后。
二、关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词有两种形式,一种是关系代词,包括that, which, who, whom, whose等;另一种是关系副词,包括when, where, why等。
关系代词用来引导修饰人或物的定语从句,而关系副词用来引导修饰时间、地点、原因等的定语从句。
三、定语从句的结构定语从句的结构通常由关系词引导并且包含一个完整的句子,例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.在这个句子中,关系词that引导了定语从句,从句是一个完整的句子,修饰了先行词book。
四、定语从句的位置定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面,如:The student who came late was reprimanded by the teacher.在这个句子中,定语从句紧跟在先行词student后面,对它进行进一步说明。
五、定语从句的功能定语从句可以对名词进行限定,使句子更加具体,丰富了表达的内容。
定语从句可以修饰各种名词,包括人、物、地点、时间等。
六、关于关系代词的选择在选择关系代词时,需要根据先行词的性质和从句的含义来决定。
一般来说,关系代词指代人时,可用who, whom, whose;指代物时,可用which, that, whose。
同时,需要注意关系代词的位置和所在从句的成分。
七、关于关系副词的选择关系副词用来引导修饰时间、地点、原因等的定语从句,需要根据先行词的性质和从句的含义来决定。
被动语态 定语从句总结
英语被动语态用法归纳总结一、被动语态定义和用法当我们要突出某个行为的执行者时,应使用主动语态来表达,而要强调动作的承受者时,就要使用被动语态来表达。
主语为动作的执行者时,表示主动语态。
e.g. He told the story. (主动语态)他讲了这个故事。
主语为动作的承受者时,表示被动语态。
e.g.The story was told by him. (被动语态)这个故事被他讲了。
二、一般现在时被动语态的各类句式总结如下:1. 肯定句:主语+am / is / are+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)2. 否定句:主语+ am / is / are not+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)3. 一般疑问句:Am / Is / Are +主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ am / is / are + 主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)e.g. This song is still loved by many young people today.这首歌现在仍然受到许多年轻人的喜爱。
(肯定句)This camera is not made in Japan.这部相机不是日本制造的。
(否定句)—Is the film called Snow White?这部电影是叫《白雪公主》吗?(一般疑问句)—Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 是的。
/不是。
—How many people were mentioned in the conversation?(特殊疑问句) 对话中提到了几个人?—Two. 两个。
三、一般过去时的被动语态被动语态的动词形式为:be+动词的过去分词,其中be为助动词,根据不同的人称和时态有形式的变化。
因此,一般过去时的被动语态为:1. 肯定句:主语+was/were+动词过去分词(+ by+动作执行者)e.g. The letter was written by Jim.2. 否定句:主语+was/were not+动词过去分词(+ by+动作执行者)e.g. The letter wasn’t written by Jim.3.一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者)e.g. Was the letter written by Jim?4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词的过去分词+(by+动作执行者)e.g. When was the letter written by Jim?当动词不定式作宾语补足语时,要把主动语态中表人的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语的位置不变。
被动语态定语从句
被动语态一、被动语态概述:语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如:He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态)The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态)二、被动语态的用法:1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。
如:The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
5、其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有:It is reported that…据报道It is said that…据说It is believed that…大家相信It is suggested that…有人建议三、主动语态变为被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。
宾语从句,被动语态,定语从句
宾语从句一宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。
that没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如:He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如:I want to know if (whether) he lives there.4 whether/ if 之异同:(1) 强调两方面的选择,特别是句中有or not时。
(2) 在介词之后如:I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.(3) 在不定式前如:Whether to go or stay is still a question.二宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如:I think (that) you will like this school soon.三宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
如:Can you tell me how you got to school yesterday?Do you think he will come tomorrow?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
例如:He told me that he was having lunch.He asked if I knew him.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。
雅思被动语态的用法归纳
雅思被动语态的用法归纳雅思考试中,被动语态可是个相当重要的语法点呢!掌握好它,能让你的英语表达更上一层楼。
咱们先来说说啥是被动语态。
简单来讲,就是主语是动作的承受者,而不是执行者。
比如说“这个苹果被我吃了”,这里“苹果”就是被吃的那个,是动作的承受者,这就是被动语态。
那在雅思里,被动语态用处可多啦。
写作文的时候,如果想强调某个动作的对象,或者不想指明动作的执行者,被动语态就派上用场了。
比如说,“The problem was solved successfully”(问题被成功解决了),这里我们更关注的是问题被解决这个结果,而不在乎是谁解决的。
再比如,在阅读里,被动语态也经常出现。
有时候文章会用被动语态来客观地陈述事实,让表达更正式、更严谨。
像“A new theory was proposed by the scientist”(一个新的理论被这位科学家提出),这样的句子能让读者更专注于理论本身,而不会被执行者分散注意力。
还有在听力中,听到被动语态的句子可别发懵。
要能迅速反应过来,抓住关键信息。
比如说“The meeting was postponed until next week”(会议被推迟到下周),你得马上明白会议时间变了。
我记得之前有个学生,准备雅思的时候对被动语态特别头疼。
每次写作文,总是习惯用主动语态,结果表达很生硬,逻辑也不清晰。
后来我就给他布置了专门的练习,让他每天用被动语态写几个句子,描述身边的事情。
比如“我的书包被妈妈洗干净了”“窗户被风刮开了”。
一开始他写得别别扭扭的,但坚持了一段时间后,他在写作中运用被动语态越来越熟练,作文分数也提高了不少。
在口语里,虽然主动语态用得更多,但适当用用被动语态能让你的表达更丰富。
比如说“My bike was stolen yesterday”(我的自行车昨天被偷了),比“Someone stole my bike yesterday”听起来更自然一些。
定语从句.被动语态
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
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•6. The trend of reading less literature is all the more regrettable because it is taking place during a period when good literature___(write). • Is being written
定语从句 Attributive Clauses
Pandora July,2017
追思过往
•1. 定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语 从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 •2. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 •3. 关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 •关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 •关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等; •关系副词有when, where, why.
牛刀小试
•请用被动语态翻译下列句子:
•4. 奥运会将在首都外围举行,而那整个区域将被称为“奥林匹克 城”。 •4. The Olympic Games will be held outside the capital and the whole area will be called “Olympic City”. •5. 到去年年底,工人们已完成新道路的建设。 •5. New roads had been completed by workers by the end of last year. •6. 到明年年底前,他们将完成新体育馆的施工。 •6. By the end of next year, work on the new stadium will have been finished.
•11. If you want___(respect), you must respect yourself. •To be respected •12. Everyone appreciates___(appreciate). •Being appreciated
•请用被动语态翻译下列句子:
•1. 奥运会将于四年后在我国举行。 •2. 因为将会有大批大批的人造访我们国家,政府将建造新宾馆、 一个巨型体育馆和一个奥林匹克标准的新游泳池。 •3. 他们还将建造新道路和一条铁路专线。 •4. 奥运会将在首都外围举行,而那整个区域将被称为“奥林匹克 城”。 •5. 到今年年底,工人们将完成新道路的建设。 •6. 到明年年底前,他们将完成新体育馆的施工。 •7. 这些壮观的建筑物都是Kan设计的。 •8. 我们都非常激动,期盼着奥运会的召开,因为在我们国家还从 未举办过奥运会。
关系代词——主语、宾语
关系代词——As
1. 引导限制性定语从句 A. as多与such或the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。 B. 2. 引导非限制性定语从句 作用相当于which, 位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面、中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开。 例如:As is expected,the England team won the football match. The elephant’s nose is like a snake,as anybody can see.
•7)现在完成时 • has /have been done • 所有工作都已被完成,我们准备出发了。 • All the preparations have been completed, and we're ready to start. •8)过去完成时 • had been done • 到去年年底,在北京一个新体育馆已经建成了。 • By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. •7. The bicycles apparently___(forget) by their owners. •Have been forgotten 8. When the fires finally died out, nearly one third of Yellowstone’s land___(scorch). •Had been scorched
•5. The students who were aware that they___(watch) actually tied their shoes much faster than the students who thought they were alone. •Were being watched
•9)将来完成时 • shall/will have been done • 这个项目将于七月前完工。 • The project will have been completed before July. •10)过去将来完成时 • should/would have been done • 那时,他告诉我,他的新衣服很快就要做好了。 • He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. •9. By the end of next year, many more high-rises___(build) around here. •will have been built •10. He said that if the reform process was easy, it___(do) decades ago. •would have been done
•3. If this happens, then no additional jobs___(create). •Will be created •4. He said he___(love) if he loves others. •Would be loved
•5) 过去进行时 • was/were being done • 当我在那里的时候,召开了一场会议。 •A meeting was being held when I was there. •6) 现在进行时 • am/is /are being done • 那里正在建一个新的电影院。 •A new cinema is being built here.
•2)一般过去时 •was/were done • 我被给了十分钟决定是否接受这份工作。 •I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. •1. No one person___(hold) directly responsible for completing the tasks. •Is held •2. They___(tell) that the number o__(record) . •Were told would be recorded
• Part one 被动语态
• Part two 定语从句 • Part three 写作句式
被动语态 Passive Voice
Pandora July,2017
追思过往
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态 由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
•1)一般现在时 •am/is/are +done (过去分词) • 游客被要求不能触摸展览品。 •Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
牛刀小试
•请用被动语态翻译下列句子:
•7. 这些壮观的建筑物都是Kan设计的。 •7. These fantastic buildings have been designed by Kan. •8. 我们都非常激动,期盼着奥运会的召开,因为在我们国家还从 未举办过奥运会。 •8. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in our country.
•11)不定式中的被动语态 • to be done • 在佛罗里达(Florida)北部发现了大量的这种树。 • This type of tree used to be found in abundance in the northern part of Florida.
•12)动名词中的被动语态 • being done • 这个想法很快被丢弃了,而没有进一步讨论。 • The idea was quickly dropped instead of being further discussed.
关系副词——状语
只能用that的情况
• 1. 先行词为everything,all,little,much等不定代词时;
• 2. 先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修饰时;
• 3. 先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时; • 4. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时; • 5. 先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时; • 6. 先行词有人又有物时; • 7. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
牛刀小试
牛刀小试
•请用被动语态翻译下列句子:
•1. 奥运会将于四年后在我国举行。 •1. The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years. •2. 因为将会有大批大批的人造访我们国家,政府将建造新宾馆、 一个巨型体育馆和一个奥林匹克标准的新游泳池。 • 2. As a great many of people will visit our country, new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic standard swimming pool will be built by the government. •3. 他们还将建造新道路和一条铁路专线。 •3. New roads and a special railway line will be built as well.