科技英语论文封面
英文科技论文模板
2012 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED 2012) Shanghai, 10-14 Sep. 2012附件2: 论文模板（中英文）Paper titleAUTHOR’S NAMEAuthor’s unitAbstract:This paper Initial on the solar parabolic trough collectors, ……..Keywords:solar energy ……….1. Solar collector technology briefSolar energy power generation mainly have two category, for a photovoltaic power generation.1.1 Parabolic tough solar collectorsParabolic through solar collectors mainly consist by the parabolic mirror, truss system-metalstructure,Figure 1 LS - 3 parabolic trough solar collectors [4] Solar collector components, whether parabolic trough or Fresnel light reflector (CLFR), the collector is a group of a group into a parallel connected, a one another in accordance with certain requirements each other in series connecting .Figure 2 solar collectors heat internal fluid flow chart2. Solar collectors on power plants2.1 parabolic trough solar collector plant Overview3.China integration of solar energy /Coal-fired power plant market……….6. ConciusionThis article is only the entry of solar thermal power generation and guidance only.References[1] Dr.Stefan Bockamp etc., Solar Thermal PowerGeneration[2] Alstom supplies integrated solar/CC project inMorocco pp.8-10 Vol.152 No.1 2008 POWER [3] Graham L. Morrison1 etc., Solar Thermal PowerSystems – Stanwell Power Station Project4Author’s brief introduction and contact information:附件：论文格式□□□□□□论文题目□□□□□□□□作者姓名，作者姓名□□作者单位，地址邮编；ENGLISH TITLENAME Name-nameAddr.ABSTRACT:□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□。
毕业论文英文封面
毕业论文英文封面Title: The Significance of an English Cover Page for Graduation Thesis Introduction:The completion of a graduation thesis is a significant milestone in a student's academic journey. Along with the content, formatting, and presentation, the cover page plays a crucial role in conveying the essence and professionalism of the research work. This article aims to discuss the importance and components of an English cover page for a graduation thesis, highlighting its role in presenting the research in a comprehensive and appealing manner.1. The Purpose of an English Cover Page:The cover page serves as the first impression of the graduation thesis. It sets the tone for the entire document and provides essential information about the research work. It not only grabs the reader's attention but also conveys the seriousness and professionalism of the study. Therefore, an English cover page is crucial to create a positive impact and engage the readers from the beginning.2. Components of an English Cover Page:a) Title: The title should be concise, clear, and reflective of the research topic. It should accurately represent the research question or main theme of the thesis.b) Author's Information: The cover page should include the author's name, academic institution, department, and the date of submission. This information provides credibility and establishes the author's affiliation with the academic institution.c) Supervisor's Information: Including the name and designation of the thesis supervisor adds value to the research and demonstrates the guidance received during the study.d) Abstract: A brief summary of the thesis should be included on the cover page. It should highlight the objectives, methodology, key findings, and conclusions of the research. The abstract should be concise yet informative to give readers a glimpse into the thesis.e) Keywords: Incorporating relevant keywords on the cover page helps in indexing and categorizing the thesis. These keywords make it easier for readers to locate the research in databases and academic platforms.3. Design and Formatting:a) Font and Size: The font style and size should be consistent with the formatting guidelines provided by the academic institution. Generally, a professional and easily readable font, such as Times New Roman or Arial, is preferred.b) Alignment and Spacing: The text on the cover page should be aligned centrally, and appropriate spacing should be maintained between the elements. This ensures a neat and organized appearance.c) Graphics and Images: While not mandatory, incorporating the academic institution's logo or relevant graphics can enhance the visual appeal of the cover page. However, it is important to ensure that the design does not overshadow the essential information.4. Language and Accuracy:a) Language: As the cover page is in English, it is crucial to use correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Proofreading the cover page is essential to avoid any errors that may undermine the professionalism of the research.b) Accuracy: The information provided on the cover page, such as the title, author's name, and supervisor's information, should be accurate and consistent with the content of the thesis. Any discrepancies can lead to confusion and impact the credibility of the research.Conclusion:In conclusion, an English cover page holds significant importance in presenting a graduation thesis effectively. It serves as a gateway to the research work, providing essential information and creating a positive impression. By incorporating the necessary components, adhering to formatting guidelines, and ensuring accuracy, the cover page contributes to the overall professionalism and appeal of the thesis. Therefore, students should give due attention to crafting an engaging and informative cover page to complement their research efforts.。
科技英语的作文模板
科技英语的作文模板Title: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Future of Work。
Introduction。
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of our daily lives, from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to self-driving cars and advanced medical diagnostics. As AI continues to advance, its impact on the future of work is a topic of great interest and concern. In this essay, we will explore the ways in which AI is shaping the future of work and the implications for workers and industries.Automation and Job Displacement。
One of the most significant impacts of AI on the future of work is automation. AI-powered machines and software are increasingly capable of performing tasks that were once the domain of human workers. This has led to concerns about job displacement, particularly in industries that rely heavily on routine, repetitive tasks. For example, manufacturing, transportation, and customer service are all areas where AI has the potential to automate jobs and displace workers.However, it's important to note that while AI may eliminate certain jobs, it also has the potential to create new opportunities. As tasks are automated, workers can be freed up to focus on higher-level, more creative and strategic work. This shift in the nature of work will require workers to adapt and develop new skills to remain competitive in the job market.Skills and Training。
科技类的英语作文模板
科技类的英语作文模板Title: The Impact of Technology on Education。
Technology has had a profound impact on education in recent years. With the rapid advancement of technology, traditional teaching methods have been revolutionized, and new opportunities for learning have emerged. In this essay, we will explore the various ways in which technology has influenced education and how it has shaped the learning experience for students and educators alike.One of the most significant impacts of technology on education is the accessibility of information. The internet has become a vast repository of knowledge, and students now have the ability to access a wealth of information at their fingertips. This has transformed the way students conduct research and gather information for their studies. Instead of relying solely on textbooks and library resources, students can now use search engines and online databases to find the information they need quickly and efficiently. This has not only expanded the scope of learning but has also encouraged students to take a more active role in their education.Furthermore, technology has also changed the way students engage with course materials. E-books and digital resources have become increasingly popular, providing students with a more interactive and dynamic learning experience. These digital resources often include multimedia elements such as videos, animations, and interactive quizzes, which can enhance the learning process and cater to different learning styles. Additionally, the use of digital platforms for assignments and assessments has streamlined the grading process for educators, allowing for more efficient feedback and evaluation of student work.In addition to transforming the way students access information and engage with course materials, technology has also revolutionized the classroom experience. Virtual classrooms and online learning platforms have made it possible for students to participate in classes and collaborate with peers from anywhere in the world. This has opened up new opportunities for distance learning and has made education more accessible tostudents who may not have otherwise had the opportunity to pursue higher education. Furthermore, the integration of technology in the classroom has allowed for more personalized and adaptive learning experiences, as educators can use data analytics and learning management systems to tailor their teaching to individual student needs.Moreover, technology has also given rise to new educational tools and resources that have the potential to enhance the learning experience. For example, virtual reality and augmented reality technologies are being used to create immersive learning environments that allow students to explore and interact with subjects in a way that was previously not possible. Similarly, artificial intelligence and machine learning are being used to develop intelligent tutoring systems that can provide personalized support and guidance to students based on their individual learning needs.However, it is important to acknowledge that the impact of technology on education is not without its challenges. The digital divide, for example, continues to be a significant issue, as not all students have equal access to technology and the internet. Additionally, the rapid pace of technological advancement means that educators must continually adapt and update their skills to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices.In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on education, transforming the way students access information, engage with course materials, and participate in the learning process. While there are challenges associated with the integration of technology in education, the potential benefits are vast, and it is clear that technology will continue to shape the future of education in significant ways. As we look ahead, it is essential for educators and policymakers to consider how best to harness the potential of technology to create more equitable and effective learning experiences for all students.。
科技论文模板
ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
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ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
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ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
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ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
高中英语科技作文模板
高中英语科技作文模板High School English Science and Technology Essay Template。
In today's fast-paced and ever-changing world, science and technology play a crucial role in shaping our lives. From the latest smartphones to cutting-edge medical advancements, the impact of science and technology is undeniable. As high school students, it is important for us to understand and appreciate the significance of these fields and their potential to transform the world. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of science and technology and their impact on our lives.Introduction。
Science and technology have become an integral part of our daily lives. From the moment we wake up to the time we go to bed, we are surrounded by the products of scientific and technological advancements. Whether it's the alarm clock that wakes us up in the morning, the smartphone that we use to communicate with our friends, or the internet that provides us with endless information, science and technology have become indispensable in our modern society.The Role of Science。
科技英语类型作文模板
科技英语类型作文模板Title: The Importance of Technology in Today's World。
Introduction。
In today's fast-paced and ever-changing world, technology plays a crucial role in shaping our daily lives. From the way we communicate to the way we work, technology has revolutionized every aspect of our society. This essay will explore the importance of technology in today's world and how it has impacted various sectors such as education, healthcare, and business.Technology in Education。
One of the most significant impacts of technology has been in the field of education. With the advent of online learning platforms, students now have access to a wealth of information and resources at their fingertips. This has revolutionized the way students learn and has made education more accessible to people from all walks of life. Additionally, technology has also made it easier for teachers to create interactive and engaging lessons, thereby enhancing the learning experience for students.Furthermore, technology has also played a crucial role in bridging the gap between traditional and modern teaching methods. With the use of smart boards, tablets, and other digital tools, teachers are able to create a more dynamic and interactive classroom environment, thereby making learning more engaging and effective for students.Technology in Healthcare。
科技英语论文写作(一)PPT课件
Research on a New Kind of Diesel Flow Improver
2020/10/13
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标题_书写格式(3)
3. 全部字母大写
RUNAWAY PHENOMENON FOR PARALLEL REACTIONS IN FIXED BED CATALYTIC REACTORS
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标题_注意事项(3)
如果一个短标题不足以概括文章的内容，可考虑增加副标 题，两者之间用冒号分开。
如果是系列文章，可采用多报形式。e.g. Study on engineering parameters of A301 ammonia
synthesis catalyst. I. Determination of shape factor Study on engineering parameters of A301 ammonia
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标题_书写格式(5)
一般标题多带有“ 研究”、“ 试验”“、初探”、“ 初报”、 “效udy on
Experiments of
Experimental study of
Effect of … on
An preliminary report of
synthesis catalyst. II. Experimental measurement of fixbed heat-transfer parameters
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标题_注意事项(4)
2 .一般采用名词短语作标题。不使用一个句子或不定式短语， 一般也不使用介词短语，不出现从句。 An exploration and study of the production methods of industrial cupric sulfate （繁琐） Introduce the exploration and study of the production methods of industrial cupric sulfate （祈使句） Methods of producing of industrial cupric sulfate
第三章-科技英语论文格式与结构PPT课件
The title of the paper should be concise as well as descriptive and comprehensive. It should indicate the content of the paper so that readers will know whether it relates to their interest. Subtitles, if any, should function to delimit the subject described in title.
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Chapter 3 Format and Structure of Papers in English for Science and Technology
一、科技英语论文各组成部分(constituent structure) 1. 标题(title)
（2）标题的常见形式
1 ） 名 词 或 名 词 性 词 组 ， 如 ： Pressure Correction Algorithm for Incompressible Flows Based on Anti-underrelaxation Method
2) 分词短语。分词短语的使用能够有效地节省标题的篇幅，是英文标题的一 大特点。如：Analysis on Main Factors Influencing Accuracy of Timedivision Multiplier
3) 动名词短语。动名词短语的使用开门见山，简洁扼要。如：Applying the AHP Method to Determine the Weighted Values of the Scheme Optimization Indexes for the Mineral Ventilation System
计算机专业英语论文封面及格式要求
中国地质大学长城学院计算机专业英语翻译论文
题目
系别：信息工程系
专业：计算机科学与技术
姓名：
学号：
年月日
外文资料翻译译文
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1.1.1☆☆☆（黑体，小四号，段前、段后间距为1行，左对齐）
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（注释采用页末注或篇末注方式，注释必须要以圆圈括号“①、②”上标方式注出。
） 注：论文要统一打印，一律采用计算机排版，A4纸打印。
版面上下空2.5cm ，左空
2.5cm ，右空2cm(靠左侧装订)；页眉边距1.5cm ，页脚边距1.5cm 。
外文原文字体统一采用Times New Roman，其他格式同上。
英文科技论文范本
Bruno Riou,M.D.,Ph.D.,EditorCase ScenarioPerioperative Latex Allergy in ChildrenVenkata Sampathi,M.D.,*Jerrold Lerman,M.D.,F.R.C.P.C.,F.A.N.Z.C.A.†L ATEX allergy emerged as a serious health concern in the 1980s when an alarming number of cases of latex ana-phylaxis occurred in patients during general anesthesia.1In addition,an even greater number of local allergic reactions occurred in health care workers who wore latex gloves.The incidence of latex anaphylaxis increased dramatically through the mid-1990s,affecting three groups of infants and children undergoing general anesthesia:those with spina bi-fida,those with congenital urological anomalies who re-quired frequent bladder catheterizations,and those who un-derwent multiple invasive surgeries involving mucosal contact by latex gloves.1Despite numerous reviews on the risk factors for latex sensitivity and anaphylaxis in susceptible children,latex is often overlooked as the primary allergen in those who develop anaphylaxis in the perioperative period. We present a case history of an anaphylactic reaction to latex that was attributed to antibiotics and the subsequent fol-low-up with the parent.Case ReportA13-yr-old white boy(58kg)was scheduled for upper en-doscopy and colonoscopy for protracted diarrhea.He was prescribed loratadine for seasonal allergies(allergic rhinitis) associated with wheezing.He was reported to be allergic to ampicillin and had experienced an immediate hypersensitiv-ity reaction to vancomycin(likely Red Man Syndrome).2He had four previous anesthetics for ventricular septal defect repair,tethered cord,right club foot repair,and tongue tie. His mother reported that he had experienced no complica-tions during those anesthetics,except for the tethered-cord surgery,10yr previously.During that anesthetic,the mother recalled that the anesthesiologist had informed her that her son’s airways had narrowed during surgery and that his blood pressure had decreased resulting in a near-fatal reaction while intravenous Ampicillin was infusing.The response was so severe that emergency resuscitation measures were necessary. The anesthesiologist advised that her son never receive Am-picillin again.Her son recovered uneventfully from that an-esthetic and surgery.On the day of endoscopy,the child’s vital signs were normal and his physical examination was unremarkable.The child’s cardiologist recommended intravenous clindamycin and gentamicin for endocarditis prophylaxis(pre-2007 American Heart Association guidelines).At the end of the history,one of the authors(J.L.)asked the mother to describe what occurs when her son holds a toy balloon to his lips?She expressed surprise at the question because no one had ever asked that before,explaining that her son’s lips swell enor-mously.She was then asked if anything remarkable occurs when the dentist inserts a rubber dam into his mouth?She reported that her son’s tongue swells.At that point,the mother was informed that in light of her son’s atopic history, multiple surgeries and responses to toy balloons and rubber dams,that his previous intraoperative reaction was most likely an anaphylactic reaction to latex.All natural rubber latex(NRL)products were removed from the operating room before proceeding with the upper endoscopy and colonoscopy.The anesthetic course was un-remarkable.Subsequently,we referred the patient to an al-lergist for investigation of his purported allergies to Ampicil-lin and latex.The child was tested with benzylpenicilloyl polylysine(Prepen;Hollister-Stier Laboratories,Spokane, WA),penicillin G,and ampicillin using skin prick and in-tradermal tests.Minor determinant mixture3to determine sensitivity to less frequent haptens was not available for clin-*Clinical Fellow,†Clinical Professor of Anesthesia,Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo,State University of New York at Buffalo,Buffalo,New York,and University of Rochester,Rochester, New York.Received from the Departments of Anesthesia at Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo,New York,State University of New York at Buffalo,Buffalo,New York,and University of Rochester, Rochester,New York.Submitted for publication January2,2010. Accepted for publication November2,2010.Support was provided solely from institutional and/or departmental sources.Address correspondence to Dr.Lerman:Department of Anes-thesia,Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo,219Bryant Street, Buffalo,New York14222.jerrold.lerman@.This article may be accessed for personal use at no charge through the Journal Web site,.Copyright©2011,the American Society of Anesthesiologists,Inc.Lippincott Williams&Wilkins.Anesthesiology2011;114:673–80ical use at that time.The patient was also tested for latex sensitivity.The results indicated an extremely positive re-sponse to latex and completely negative responses to the an-tibiotics.The child’s mother was notified of the diagnosis of latex sensitivity and her son was advised to wear medical alert identification.During follow-up contact,we discovered that the mother’s memory was factually vague concerning the“life-threatening event in the operating room”and my presurgical interview.We then searched the anesthetic record for the original event to verify the original reaction—only to find that no adverse event had been documented.When the anesthesiologist of record was contacted,he,too,failed to recall the reaction.As a result,we have been unable to verify many details of the original reaction. However,this incomplete medical record in no way detracts from our recollection of the mother’s report regarding her son’s reaction to NRL products in contact with oral mucosa.More-over,the suspected diagnosis was confirmed by immunologic testing.Subsequent to the supposed“intraoperative event,”an antibiotic provocation challenge was not performed to establish the veracity of the negative testing for ampicillin sensitivity as recommended in cases of discordance between clinical history (suggestive of anaphylaxis)and negative skin test results.4 DiscussionImportant issues to consider in this case include the following: 1.What Is the Epidemiology of Perioperative Anaphylaxis? The incidence of anaphylaxis under anesthesia in adults is estimated to be1:6,000–20,000,5,6with cardiac arrest and fatal outcomes occurring in0.7–10%of reactions.5The most common trigger of anaphylaxis in the perioperative period is neuromuscular blocking drugs(approximately60%of reac-tions),followed by latex(12–16%of reactions)and antibiot-ics(8%).6In contrast,the incidence of anaphylaxis in chil-dren is1:7,700,with latex accounting for76%of the reactions.7No pediatric fatalities were reported.7The frequency of latex anaphylactic reactions in children has waned since the mid-1990s for at least three plausible reasons:(1)elimination of NRL-containing material from clinical care,(2)increased awareness of at-risk children,and (3)improved laboratory identification of latex allergy.Fur-thermore,clinical guidelines have been established to prevent exposure to NRL products—and to direct diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for perioperative reactions.‡82.What Is Latex Sensitization and Hypersensitivity? Latex sensitization is defined as the presence of immuno-globulin antibodies to NRL products without clinical manifestations.The prevalence of latex hypersensitivity in the general adult population is1–6.7%,with a similar incidence in the pediatric population,0.3–4%.9,10Sensi-tization does not always lead to allergy,notwithstanding subsequent NRL contact.It remains unclear why some who are exposed to latex do not develop a latex sensitivity whereas others who do develop this sensitivity do not manifest reactions on contact.In2001,a position statement on the nomenclature for allergy diagnoses defined hypersensitivity as an“umbrella term”that causes“objectively reproducible symptoms or signs,initiated by exposure to a defined stimulus at a dose tolerated by normal subjects.”11Hypersensitivity is either allergic(immunologic based)or nonallergic(nonimmuno-logic based).Allergic hypersensitivity reactions have an un-derlying immunologic mechanism,either immunoglobulin E(IgE)(immediate)or non-IgE mediated(delayed).11Aller-gic reactions to NRL products in children in the periopera-tive period are immediate,IgE-mediated reactions that result in anaphylactic reactions of varying severity.Of the more than200polypeptides that have been iden-tified in NRL as potential immunoreactive allergens for latex, 13polypeptides(Hevea brasiliensis[Hev b]),Hev b1–13,are recognized as the primary allergens by the International Union of Immunological Societies.The concentrations of these proteins in NRL products vary according to the man-ufacturing process.For example,flat sheets of latex extruded into products(e.g.,catheters,rubber vials,rubber shoes)con-tain Hev b1and3,whereas molds that are dipped in liquid latex(e.g.,gloves,rubber dams,tourniquets,condoms)con-tain Hev b2,4,6.01,6.02,6.03,7.01,10,and13.12Other latex proteins(Hev b5,7.02,8,9,11)are water-soluble and appear in varying quantities as minor epitopes in both prod-ucts.NRL products made from molds(e.g.,latex gloves) versus sheets contain much greater concentrations of uncross-linked or free proteins that may be sloughed onto mucosal membranes and absorbed,triggering immediate reactions.12 The major allergens identified in children with spina bifida include Hev b1(rubber elongation factor)and Hev b3 (small rubber particle protein),as well as Hev b6.01and 6.02,with minor contributions from Hev b5,7,and13.12 3.Who Are the At-Risk Children?Although the prevalence of latex allergy in the general pediatric population is less than4%,the prevalence in specific at-risk subpopulations may be as great as 71%.9,13–15Children at risk for developing latex sensitiv-ity include those with spina bifida;congenital urologic, gastrointestinal,and tracheoesophageal defects;those who have undergone multiple(i.e.,more than five)surgeries; and those with a history of atopy.1,7,9,10,13,14Atopy is manifested by the symptom complex of rhinoconjunctivi-tis,asthma,and/or eczema.The most common routes for exposure to latex epitopes in children in the perioperative period are through mucosal and parenteral surfaces(e.g., surgeons wearing latex gloves during intracavity surgery), which may trigger immediate allergic reactions of varying severity.1‡American Society of Anesthesiologists.Natural Rubber LatexAllergy:Considerations For Anesthesiologists.Available at:http:///publicationsAndServices/latexallergy.pdf.Ac-cessed July18,2010.Perioperative Latex Allergy in ChildrenTo explain the greater prevalence of latex sensitization in children with spina bifida compared with other surgical con-ditions,a number of factors have been identified,including the age at which first surgeries were performed,the number of surgeries,the frequency of daily bladder catheterizations, atopy,and genetic predisposition.Of all infants who under-went surgery for gastrointestinal or urologic abnormalities within6months of birth,30%developed latex sensitivity and30%of these had a positive provocation test results, suggesting a clinical response to latex after future contact.14 Infants who underwent more than eight surgeries were de-termined to be at significantly greater risk for developing latex sensitivity than those who undergo fewer surgeries.14 These results are identical to those reported for infants with spina bifida.IgE and Hev b1antibodies to latex have been detected in at least78%of children with spina bifida after 7–9surgeries in their first year,a three-fold greater incidence than in healthy children after2–4surgeries.15The preva-lence of latex hypersensitivity in children also varies by sur-gery type;71%incidence in children with spina bifida,42% in isolated hydrocephalus,31%in gastrointestinal malfor-mations,11%in congenital heart disease,and6%in malig-nancies.13,15The frequency of daily bladder catheterizations with latex catheters in children with spina bifida has been correlated with latex sensitivity,although the importance of this factor remains tex-specific IgE antibodies have been reported in1–16%of children with atopy who have never had surgery.9,16A history of atopy increases the risk of latex sensitivity up to10-fold.9,14Several candidate genes have been investigated for their role in predisposing children with spina bifida to latex hypersensitiv-ity.Human leukocyte antigen genes have been associated with IgE responses to latex in health care workers,but not in children with spina bifida.15,17In adult health care workers who devel-oped latex hypersensitivity,the frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukins13and18(the former activates B cells to IgE production whereas the latter stimulates interferon production as well as enhancing cytokine and IgE production) was two-fold greater than in controls,suggesting a genetic pre-disposition to latex allergy.18The lack of a similar association between these two polymorphisms and children with spina bi-fida led to the recent conclusion that environmental factors ex-erted more influence on the genesis of latex sensitivity in the latter population than did genetics.19Latex Fruit Syndrome.Children who are allergic to certain fruits(e.g.,avocado,banana,kiwi,chestnut),vegetables(e.g., tomato,bell pepper,carrot),and the Ficus tree may exhibit evidence of cross-sensitivity to latex.Hev b2,6.02,and7are the primary allergens responsible for most instances of latex-fruit cross-sensitivity.12,20The risk of an allergic reaction to latex in a patient who is allergic to these fruits is11%—similar to the risk of reaction to these fruit in a patient who is latex sensitive(7%). This cross-sensitivity is most likely the result of similar epitopes found in the fruits and vegetables.12It is currently held that latex sensitivity precedes latex fruit sensitivity.Clinical Signs of Perioperative Latex AnaphylaxisThe onset of latex anaphylaxis in the operating room occurs 25–290min after induction of anesthesia,when latex gloves are in direct contact with large surface areas within a body cavity (e.g.,peritoneal,thoracic).1,7In our experience,children who develop latex anaphylaxis present with hypotension,tachycar-dia,bronchospasm with increasing airway pressures during pos-itive pressure ventilation,and,less frequently,cutaneous mani-festations.7Bradycardia7and cardiac arrest21rarely occur during these reactions in children,even under anesthesia.Diagnosing latex as the epitope responsible for an anaphy-lactic reaction during general anesthesia may be difficult be-cause there are no characteristics that uniquely identify latex as the cause.However,the combination of susceptibility (e.g.,atopy),surgical predisposition(e.g.,spina bifida)and surgical onset of anaphylaxis(e.g.,bronchospasm,circulatory instability)strongly supports latex as the cause of the reac-tion.Cutaneous manifestations of anaphylaxis may be absent or masked by surgical drapes.In addition,circulatory insta-bility may be attributed to anesthesia and surgery,but the diagnosis of latex anaphylaxis should remain at the top of the differential list.The clinical severity of immediate hypersensitivity reac-tions in the perioperative period have been graded(table1).8 Although most immediate reactions to latex in the perioper-ative period are grade2or higher,a grade4reaction is rarely observed in children.The grading table has been used to guide the treatment of anaphylaxis in children and adults.4.How to Treat an Anaphylactic Reaction?When a latex reaction is suspected,all latex-containing products should be removed from contact with the child. The ABCs of resuscitation should be instituted,and strat-Table1.Severity Grade for AnaphylaxisGrade I.Generalized cutaneous signs:erythema,urticaria with or without angioedema Grade II.Moderate multiorgan involvement withcutaneous signs,hypotension andtachycardia,bronchial hyperreactivity(cough,ventilatory impairment)Grade III.Severe life-threatening multiorganinvolvement that requires specifictreatment:collapse,tachycardia,orbradycardia,cardiac arrhythmias,bronchospasm;the cutaneous signsmay be absent or occur only after thearterial blood pressure recovers Grade IV.Circulatory or respiratory arrestGrade V.Death due to a lack of response tocardiorespiratory resuscitationReproduced with permission:Kroigaard M,Garvey LH,Gillberg L,Johansson SG,Mosbech H,Florvaag E,Harboe T,Eriksson LI, Dahlgren G,Seeman-Lodding H,Takala R,Wattwil M,Hirlekar G, Dahlén B,Guttormsen AB:Scandinavian Clinical Practice Guide-lines on the diagnosis,management and follow-up of anaphylaxis during anaesthesia.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand2007;51:655–70egies to restore cardiorespiratory homeostasis should be implemented(table2).If the airway has not been secured, the trachea should be intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube and the lungs ventilated.Anesthesia may be contin-ued as tolerated while surgery is completed as quickly as possible,using an inhalational agent in100%oxygen for bronchodilation.Anesthesia should then be discontinued.Grade2reactions usually respond to intravenous bolus doses of balanced salt solutions(20ml/kg during10–20min)and placing the child in the Trendelenburg position.If these mea-sures are not completely effective in restoring circulatory ho-meostasis,bronchospasm occurs or the reaction progresses to grade3severity.Then,intravenous epinephrine should be administered.The primary treatment for anaphylaxis is intravenous epi-nephrine along with intravenous fluids.7,8,22The dose of epinephrine should follow a sliding scale from1–10g/kg, where the dose is proportional to the severity of the broncho-spasm and/or hypotension.A dose of10g/kg is reserved for grade4reactions or cardiac arrest.Repeated intravenousdoses of epinephrine may be required if recrudescence occurs.Ifmultiple bolus doses of epinephrine are required to control thereaction,then an intravenous infusion of epinephrine should becommenced beginning at0.1g⅐kgϪ1⅐minϪ1and increasing up to1g⅐kgϪ1⅐minϪ1until cardiorespiratory homeostasis is achieved.In our experience,although children uniformly respond toepinephrine alone,8,22none have responded to other vasopres-sors,including methoxamine and phenylephrine.Although epi-nephrine is the only first-line vasopressor for anaphylaxis,severalother vasopressors—including noradrenaline,vasopressin,andglucagon—have been recommended as second-line treatmentsfor anaphylaxis in adults who were-blocked and in whom anaphylaxis was refractory to epinephrine.8,23Intravenous fluid boluses of balanced salt solutions(10–20ml/kg)or colloid solutions should be adminis-Table2.Management of an Anaphylactic Reaction to Latex in ChildrenPrimary Management1.Remove latex and maintain anesthesia,if necessary.2.Notify the surgical team and complete surgery as quickly as possible.3.Call for help.4.Secure the airway(tracheal intubation)and ventilate with100%oxygen.5.Special handling for severe reactions:Grade3Reactiona.HypotensionUsing Trendelenburg position,administer balanced salt or colloid(preferably hydroxyethyl starch)solution in 20ml/kg bolus doses with parenteral intravenous bolus doses1–10g/kg epinephrine,depending on the severity of the hypotension.b.Bronchospasm(in association with hypotension)Parenteral intravenous boluses doses1–10g/kg epinephrine,depending on the severity of thebronchospasm,and2agonists via metered-dose inhaler or nebulized solution(the latter every20min).Grade4ReactionAs required,repeated intravenous bolus doses of10g⅐kgϪ1epinephrine.Consider preparing an infusion beginning at0.1g⅐kgϪ1⅐minϪ1increasing up to1g⅐kgϪ1⅐minϪ1.Secondary Management*1.Consider alternate vasopressors(titrate to effect),including glucagon(20–30g⅐kgϪ1bolus then5–15g⅐minϪ1͓1mg maximum͔),phenylephrine(0.1–1g⅐kgϪ1⅐minϪ1),noradrenaline(0.01–2g⅐kgϪ1⅐minϪ1),orvasopressin(0.3–3mU⅐kgϪ1⅐minϪ1).2.Corticosteroids methylprednisolone or hydrocortisone1–2g/kg IV.3.Antihistamines diphenhydramine(1.0–2.0mg⅐kgϪ1͓50mg maximum͔)or ranitidine(1–2g⅐kgϪ1)IV or per os.4.Bronchodilators–Metered-dose inhaler or nebulized2agonists(salbutamol).Investigation and Follow-up1.Admit patients with grade3and grade4reactions to the intensive care unit until stable.2.Collect blood for mast cell tryptase at0,2,and24h postreaction(peaks at1–2h).3.Add signage noting“latex allergy”or“latex alert”on all relevant areas of patient care,including notes anddatabases.rm pharmacy and central supply of patient latex sensitivity so that latex can be eliminated from allpreparations.5.Refer child to allergist/immunologist for follow-up and testing.6.Advise the parents of need for medical alert bracelet for child for latex allergy/anaphylaxis after diagnosis isconfirmed.Refer to table1for formal description of graded reactions.8*Secondary management is required for grade3and4reactions in which hypotension is refractory to epinephrine and above measures. Although such reactions are unreported in children,they have occurred in adults who were-blocked and in whom epinephrine treatment was delayed.Perioperative Latex Allergy in Childrentered as necessary to supplement epinephrine.8,22The preferred colloid volume expander is hydroxyethyl starch because it is less likely to trigger allergic reactions than gelatin-based colloids.Bronchospasm that occurs as a part of an anaphylactic reaction should be treated with intra-venous epinephrine.8,22However,if isolated bronchospasm occurs,suggesting an acute asthmatic episode(as opposed to anaphylaxis),primary treatments should include2inhaled agents and methyl-prednisolone.8,22The addition of a potent inhaled anesthetic such as sevoflurane,may further attenuate bronchospasm.Secondary treatments for latex anaphylaxis have not been established in children.8,22There is no clear evidence that either H1-or H2-blocking drugs(1–2mg/kg diphenhydra-mine or ranitidine)alter anaphylaxic outcomes in children although these medications continue to be recommended and administered.22Although their role in anaphylaxis re-mains unclear,intravenous steroids(1–2mg/kg methylpred-nisolone or hydrocortisone)may attenuate bronchospasm as well as angioedema.22If an allergic reaction is suspected,blood should be col-lected for serum tryptase concentrations as soon as possible, 1–2h after the start of the reaction and24h later or during convalescence.For a complete description of the manage-ment of anaphylactic reactions,please refer to the British§and Scandinavian8guidelines.All children who develop latex reactions should be re-ferred to an immunologist or allergist to confirm the diagno-sis,lest a presumptive and potentially erroneous diagnosis of an allergic reaction to an innocent medication is documented instead of latex allergy.A letter in which the anesthesiologist outlines the severity of the anaphylactic reaction,the inter-vention required,and the outcome should be transmitted to the allergist or immunologist.Additional details regarding follow-up are outlined in table2.Preventing Latex AnaphylaxisThe key to preventing latex reactions is to avoid exposure to latex products from birth.Although many hospitals have be-come latex-free,24others continue to stock latex gloves and other NRL products in operating rooms.The quantity of latex aeroallergens measured in the operating room after using latex versus nonlatex gloves follows the order:powdered latex glovesϾpowderless latex glovesϾnonlatex gloves,where the substitution of powderless for powdered latex gloves reduced the aeroallergen concentration of latex by10–20-fold.25 It is noteworthy that the concentration of extractable latex proteins from powdered latex gloves from10manufacturers varies up to3,000-fold.Since the mid-1990s,steps have been introduced to reduce the concentration of latex proteins in gloves during the manufacturing process(e.g.,aggressive washing),although even powderless latex gloves may cause latex hypersensitivity.24,25Less appreciated is the fact that cornstarch,the powder on medical gloves,may be directly harmful to patients.26All surgical equipment should be prepared using nonlatex gloves.Before the child arrives in the operating room,signs that warn of latex allergy should be displayed on all doors that lead to the operating room.Despite implementing these pre-cautions,latex reactions have occurred in the perioperative period,often as a result of breeches in latex precautions.To further protect susceptible children from latex reactions, some experts recommend pharmacologic prophylaxis with steroids and antihistamines(H1-and H2-blocking agents). However,allergic reactions have been reported despite these measures as well.1Accordingly,we do not recommend phar-macologic prophylaxis for latex hypersensitivity.5.How Do We Establish the Diagnosis of LatexHypersensitivity?A diagnosis of latex hypersensitivity requires a focused history of the clinical signs and symptoms that are consis-tent with an allergic reaction to latex and evidence of latex-specific sensitization based on skin(in vivo)and/or serum (in vitro)tests.In Europe,latex hypersensitivity is investi-gated using skin prick testing with standardized commer-cial latex extracts whereas in the United States,it is based mainly on in vitro testing,although some also use skin prick tests through latex gloves.The skin-prick test involves depositing small and diluted aliquots of latex protein solution on the skin and pricking the skin below the solution to observe the response.In the United States,the skin prick test is conducted through a latex glove. This test is usually performed4–6weeks after the reaction.If the child is allergic to latex,a small,raised area surrounded by redness appears at the test site within approximately15min. The specificity and sensitivity of this test is close to100%.27 Four commercially available serum tests—AlaSTAT EIA (Diagnostic Products Corporation,Los Angeles,CA), IMMULITE2000(Diagnostic Products Corporation), Pharmacia CAP(Pharmacia-Upjohn Diagnostics Inc., Kalamazoo,MI),and HY-TEC EIA(HYOCOR Biomedi-cal,Irvine,CA)—make use of technologies such as RAST (radioallergosorbent test)or EAST(enzyme allergo-sorbent test)and are approved for detecting latex-specific immuno-globulin IgE.The sensitivity of these tests is60%,with a false negative rate of30%or less.286.How Do We Prepare for the Child Sensitized or Allergicto Latex?A facility-wide strategy and commitment is necessary to es-tablish a latex-free health care environment.A multidisci-plinary latex-allergy task force should include broad represen-tation from hospital staff and should have policies and protocols for the management of the latex-sensitive child, including educational programs for all health care workers.§Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.Man-agement of a Patient with Suspected Anaphylaxis during Anaesthesia: Safety Drill.2009.Available at:/publications/ guidelines/docs/ana_laminate_2009.pdf.Accessed December7,2010.The management strategy recommended by the Ameri-can Society of Anesthesiology consists of a complete medical history and questionnaire(from the parents),application for a medical alert bracelet,a latex-free cart,a list of latex-free devices and alternatives,signage on the patient’s medical records that highlights his/her latex allergy,and“Latex Al-lergy”signs in the perioperative area.‡Although some parents may not realize their children are sensitive to latex,inquiring about their child’s responses to touching a toy balloon to their lips or inserting a rubber dam in their mouths during dental surgery,as well as a history of atopy, the number of previous surgeries,and any coexisting medical conditions(including spina bifida and congenital urological ab-normalities)should be included in preoperative assessment. Children with latex allergy should be scheduled as either the first case of the day or2.5h after room latex exposure because the concentration of aerosolized latex particles(i.e.,after using pow-dered latex gloves)after that hiatus decreases to4%of the aver-age room concentration of latex.29To reduce latex exposure and the risk of reactions,many institutions currently use either latex-free or powder-free latex gloves in operating rooms,24,25thus rendering the timing of surgery of lesser importance.Many of the new anesthetic machines,ventilators,and equipment,in-cluding masks and tubes,are NRL-free.However,if the internal components of an anesthetic machine contain latex,then a filter (BB25;Pall Corporation,Port Washington,NY)may be in-serted into the breathing circuit to reduce the risk of exposing the child to NRL during mechanical ventilation.30 The use of rubber-stopper multidose vials for children with latex hypersensitivity remains a controversial issue.Solid NRL products,such as stoppers,are extruded from sheets of latex, which contain fewer free proteins than NRL products from molds.22The composition of these stoppers has shifted in recent years,from predominantly NRL to synthetic materials that do not induce latex reactions.31However,there is evidence that latex proteins may leach from NRL stoppers into drug solutions when vials are stored in the inverted position,even if the stopper has not been punctured.31Despite this evidence,anaphylactic reactions in children immediately after intravenous administra-tion of drugs from multidose vials are exceedingly rare.21It is very difficult to establish the composition of the stoppers in every multidose vial to determine whether they present a sub-stantive risk of latex anaphylaxis to susceptible children.As a result,we hold the view that,given the rarity of anaphylactic reactions at induction of anesthesia combined with the shift away from NRL stoppers,the risk of inducing an anaphylactic reaction in a susceptible child by using a new multidose vial as a drug source is vanishingly small tex-free Environment and the FutureRecent studies have demonstrated that adopting latex-free strategies in health care facilities has reduced the prevalence of latex sensitization and allergy in children with spina bifida (26.7to4.5%),myelomeningocele(4to1.2%),and a history of multiple surgeries(42to7%).32One pediatric hospital that adopted a latex-free environment recently reported zero incidence of allergic reactions in25,000anesthetic incidents for children.32These encouraging results suggest that a latex-free hospital environment may be a key strategy to eliminat-ing latex allergy and anaphylaxis in the operating room. However,we must note that this action alone will not erad-icate latex hypersensitivity from children because latex prod-ucts are ubiquitous outside health care facilities.If patients continue to be exposed to latex products out-side health care facilities,then latex sensitivity will continue to occur.Investigators have focused on hypoallergenic latex immunotherapy including new drugs,desensitization,and vaccines(based on plant epitopes)to reduce latex response in susceptible individuals.337.Is it Cost Effective to Convert to a Latex-free WorkEnvironment?Conversion to a latex-free hospital environment incurs an initial capital cost.However,ongoing operating costs should not differ substantively from a latex setting.In addition,it may be more cost effective to avoid latex-containing products than to incur the additional costs of diagnosing,treating,and paying for disabilities incurred—as well as any fatalities due to anaphylaxis,however rare they may be—although there is no clear evidence to support this position.Some researchers34 have suggested that the estimated costs to treat severe drug-related anaphylaxis have been chronically underestimated. Several studies have argued that it is cost effective to have a latex-free work environment,suggesting that institutions,re-gardless of size,benefit financially from instituting a latex-safe environment,even if latex-related disability levels remain ex-tremely small.35We also anticipate that the cost of latex-free equipment will diminish with time.Currently,it seems pru-dent for institutions to undertake a financial impact analysis to determine the optimal approach to reduce latex exposure for their patients and employees.8.What Are the Legal Considerations of Latex Allergy? Failure to comply with evolving federal regulations to de-crease latex exposure may lead to adverse outcomes and liti-gation.ʈCommon errors in managing latex-susceptible pa-tients include a failure to elicit a history of latex allergy,failure to ensure latex-free equipment is available when latex allergic patients are present,and discharging patients from the hos-pital without appropriate education and planned follow-up. Knowledge GapNumerous advances in our understanding of the epidemiol-ogy of latex sensitivity in children have not been adequatelyʈPhiladelphia Personal Injury Lawyer;Silverman&-tex protein toxic syndrome:The newest toxic exposure.DefectiveProducts.September8,2010.Available at:http://www.civilrights.com/defective-products/latex-protein-toxic-syndrome.Accessed Decem-ber7,2010.Perioperative Latex Allergy in Children。
科学论文格式英语作文
科学论文格式英语作文Title: The Effects of Technology on Education。
Abstract:In recent years, technology has become an integral part of education. The use of technology in education hasbrought about significant changes in the way students learn and teachers teach. This paper examines the effects of technology on education, including the benefits and challenges that come with its use. It also explores the future of technology in education and the potential impactit may have on the field.Introduction:Technology has revolutionized the way we live our lives, and education is no exception. The use of technology in education has brought about significant changes in the way students learn and teachers teach. With the rise of digitaltechnology, education has become more accessible and convenient for students. This paper examines the effects of technology on education and the potential impact it may have on the field.Benefits of Technology in Education:The use of technology in education has numerous benefits. Firstly, technology has made education more accessible. Students can now access educational resources from anywhere in the world using the internet. Secondly, technology has made learning more engaging and interactive. With the use of multimedia tools, students can learn in a more visual and interactive way, which makes learning more fun and engaging. Thirdly, technology has made it easierfor teachers to assess student learning. With the use of online quizzes and tests, teachers can easily track student progress and identify areas where students need help.Challenges of Technology in Education:Despite the benefits of technology in education, thereare also some challenges that come with its use. Firstly, there is a risk of technology replacing human interaction. Students may become too reliant on technology and lose the ability to communicate effectively with others. Secondly, there is a risk of technology becoming a distraction. Students may become too focused on their devices and lose focus on their studies. Lastly, there is a risk of technology being used for cheating. Students may use technology to cheat on tests and assignments, which can undermine the integrity of the education system.Future of Technology in Education:The future of technology in education is promising. With the rise of artificial intelligence and virtual reality, education is set to become even more interactive and engaging. AI-powered tutoring systems will provide personalized learning experiences for students, while VR technology will allow students to explore and learn in immersive environments. However, there are also concerns about the impact of technology on jobs in the education sector. With the rise of technology, there is a risk ofteachers being replaced by machines.Conclusion:In conclusion, technology has had a significant impact on education. While there are benefits to its use, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. As technology continues to evolve, it is important that wefind ways to harness its potential while also addressingits risks. The future of education is exciting, but we must ensure that we use technology in a responsible and ethical way.。
《英文科技论文写作》课件
To develop students' ability to write academic and well structured English scientific papers
Fundamentals of Scientific and Technical Paper Writing
Title page
Use formal language
Check for grammar, spelling and punctuation errors before submitting the paper
Proofread and edit
Use the active voice to make the text more consensus and direct
Environmental science papers often include sections on the introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion
Common Problems and Countermeasures in Writing Scientific Papers
Introduction: The introduction should set the stage for the research by providing a brief overview of the field, the research question, and the importance of the study It should be written in a way that is understandable to non specialties
科技与教育作文模板英语
科技与教育作文模板英语Title: The Integration of Technology and Education。
In today's digital age, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. One of the most significant areas where technology has made a profound impact is in the field of education. The integration of technology and education has transformed the traditional classroom setting and has opened up new opportunities for both teachers and students. In this article, we will explore the various ways in which technology has enhanced the educational experience and discuss the potential challenges and benefits of this integration.First and foremost, technology has made learning more accessible and convenient. With the advent of online learning platforms and digital resources, students can now access educational materials from anywhere in the world. This has democratized education and has allowed individuals from all walks of life to pursue their academic interests. Additionally, technology has made it easier for teachers to create engaging and interactive learning experiences for their students. Through the use of multimedia tools, simulations, and virtual reality, educators can bring complex concepts to life and make learning more enjoyable and effective.Furthermore, technology has personalized the learning experience for students. With the help of adaptive learning software and data analytics, educators can tailor their teaching methods to meet the individual needs of each student. This personalized approach to education has been shown to improve student engagement and academic performance. Moreover, technology has empowered students to take control of their own learning. With access to online resources and educational apps, students can explore topics at their own pace and delve deeper into areas of interest. This self-directed learning approach fosters independence and critical thinking skills, which are essential for success in the 21st century.In addition to enhancing the learning experience, technology has also streamlined administrative tasks for educators. Digital platforms for grading, attendance, andcommunication have made it easier for teachers to manage their classrooms and stay organized. This has freed up more time for educators to focus on instructional planning and student support. Furthermore, technology has facilitated collaboration and communication among students and educators. Online forums, video conferencing, and collaborative tools have made it easier for individuals to work together on projects and share ideas, regardless of their physical location.Despite the numerous benefits of integrating technology into education, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. One of the main concerns is the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not. In order to ensure that all students have equal opportunities for learning, efforts must be made to bridge this gap and provide access to technology for all. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential negative effects of excessive screen time and the need to balance technology use with other forms of learning and social interaction.In conclusion, the integration of technology and education has transformed the way we teach and learn. It has made education more accessible, personalized, and engaging. However, it is important to approach this integration thoughtfully and address the potential challenges that may arise. By leveraging technology effectively, educators can create a more dynamic and inclusive learning environment that prepares students for success in the digital age. As technology continues to evolve, it will be crucial for educators to adapt and embrace new tools and resources to enhance the educational experience for future generations.。
英语四级作文科技类模板
英语四级作文科技类模板Title: Technology Class Template for CET-4 Writing。
With the rapid development of technology, it has become an integral part of our daily lives. From communication to transportation, from healthcare to education, technology has revolutionized every aspect of our lives. In this essay, we will explore the impact of technology on society, the benefits and challenges it brings, and the future trends in technology.First and foremost, technology has greatly improved the efficiency and convenience of communication. With the invention of smartphones and social media platforms, people can easily connect with each other regardless of distance. This has not only strengthened personal relationships but also facilitated business communication and collaboration. In addition, the internet has made access to information more convenient, allowing people to learn and acquire knowledge at their fingertips.Furthermore, technology has revolutionized the way we work and do business. With the advent of automation and artificial intelligence, many repetitive and labor-intensive tasks can now be performed by machines, freeing up human labor for more creative and strategic work. This has led to increased productivity and economic growth. Moreover, e-commerce and online payment systems have transformed the way we shop and conduct transactions, making it more convenient and efficient.In the field of healthcare, technology has brought about significant improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. Advanced medical devices and imaging technologies have enabled healthcare professionals to diagnose diseases more accurately and treat patients more effectively. Telemedicine has also made it possible for patients to consult with doctors remotely, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare services.However, along with the benefits, technology also poses certain challenges to society. One of the major concerns is the impact of automation on employment. As machines andAI continue to replace human labor in various industries, there is a growing fear of job displacement and economic inequality. Additionally, the widespread use of technology has raised concerns about data privacy and cybersecurity. With the increasing amount of personal data being collected and stored online, there is a need for stronger measures to protect individuals' privacy and prevent cyber-attacks.Looking ahead, the future of technology holds even more exciting possibilities. The development of 5G technology is expected to revolutionize the way we connect and communicate, enabling faster and more reliable internet access. The Internet of Things (IoT) will further integrate technology into our daily lives, with smart devices and sensors creating a more interconnected and efficient world. Moreover, advancements in renewable energy and sustainable technology will play a crucial role in addressing environmental challenges and building a more sustainable future.In conclusion, technology has become an indispensable part of modern society, bringing about numerous benefits and challenges. As we continue to embrace technological advancements, it is important to address the ethical, social, and environmental implications of technology and strive for a more inclusive and sustainable future. Only by harnessing the power of technology responsibly can we truly unlock its full potential for the betterment of humanity.。
06科技英语论文写作引言和文章综述(精美PPT)
Language points in Move 3
• Points learned:
− Make clear the transition between Move 2 and 3 by beginning the sentence with a phrase that suggests to the reader you’re going to respond to the niche created (e.g., “To address this problem,”).
7
Assignment
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
Where is the introduction/LR section located?
In theses and dissertations or
In research papers
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
How long should the introduction section be?
Sorry! There is no definite answer to this question.
Find the most authoritative papers
in your field and imitate
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
Which of the shapes best demonstrates the structure of a research introduction?
3. Language points in Move 1, 2, 3
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分4秒
Language points in Move 1