数学建模—对“白屋顶计划”的评估分析
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数学建模网络挑战赛
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我们的参赛队号为:1351
参赛队员 (签名) :
队员1:曾妙文
队员2:陶碧浩
队员3:陈启超
参赛队教练员 (签名):
参赛队伍组别:本科组
数学建模网络挑战赛
编 号 专 用 页
参赛队伍的参赛队号:(请各个参赛队提前填写好): 竞赛统一编号(由竞赛组委会送至评委团前编号):
竞赛评阅编号(由竞赛评委团评阅前进行编号):
2012年第五届“认证杯”数学中国
数学建模网络挑战赛
题 目对“白屋顶计划”的评估分析
关 键 词 白屋顶计划 热岛效应 光谱反射率 屋顶热辐射量 社会效益
摘 要
本文旨在建立数学模型来评估“白屋顶计划”对降低城市热岛效应起到的作用。
模型一,利用热光学和色彩学的知识,建立了基于光谱反射率的屋顶最佳配色模型。 得到白色屋顶在可见光区的反射率高于彩色屋顶,同时也远远高于黑色屋顶。其中,白 色屋顶的反射率大约为0.8,黑色屋顶的反射率约为0.1。所以,将城市屋顶漆成白色能 减小对太阳的吸收率。
模型二, 根据模型一得到的白色和黑色屋顶的反射率, 利用传热学和能量平衡原理, 建立了基于热量平衡方程的屋顶热辐射量模型。得到屋顶热辐射与屋顶反射率的函数关 系。进而计算出白色屋顶与黑色屋顶的平均屋顶辐射量分别为50.14、185.14。可看出, 白色屋顶保证了相对低的屋顶热辐射量。所以,将城市屋顶漆成白色能缓解了城市的热 岛效应。
模型三,根据物理力学的相关知识,建立了基于内力分析的砂浆找平层失稳性能指 标函数模型。得出当砂浆找平层失稳性能指标 1
f ³ 时,砂浆找平层将失去稳定,极易造 成防水层开裂。当 1
f < 时,砂浆找平层不易失去稳定。且屋顶的温度越大,导致f的值 越大,砂浆找平层失稳性能越差。由于白色屋顶比传统的屋顶温度小得多。所以,把城 市屋顶涮成白色能减缓防水层的开裂,延长屋顶的使用寿命,节约成本。
模型四、根据前面所建立的模型二,三,建立了白色屋顶的经济效益核算模型。对 白色屋顶产生的经济效益进行了定量分析。得到在炎热的城市,白色屋顶能减少空调的 用电量和屋面的翻新修补,其节省的费用所占的比例可达20%以上。所以,将屋顶漆成 白色,不仅节能、降温,还能减少二氧化碳排放,有利于环境保护,其费用也是低廉的。
本论文独具创新地对“白屋顶计划”做了更全面,更有效的研究,并取得了重大的 结论。据统计,在国内还是为数不多的。希望能给国家甚至世界各国探索“白屋顶计划” 有很好的借鉴作用。
参赛队号1351所选题目B 参赛密码
(由组委会填写)
Abstract
This article aims to establish a mathematical model to assess the role played by the "White Roofs Plan" to reduce the urban heat island effect.
Model one ,using the knowledge of color and thermal optical to establish best color matching model based on the spectral reflectance of the roof. The reflectivity of the white roof in the visible region is higher than color roof, but also it is much higher than the black roof. Among them, the white roof reflectivity is about 0.8 and the black roof reflectivity is about 0.1. Therefore , the city roof is painted white so than it can reduce the absorption rate of the sun.
Model two, according to the white and black roof reflectivity of the model one and using the heat transfer and the energy balance principle, we establish a thermal radiation model based on the roof of the heat balance equation. we get a function of roof thermal radiation and roof reflectivity. Then calculate the average the amount of radiation of the white roof and black roof are 50.14 and 185.14. It can be seen, the white roof ensure a relatively low roof thermal radiation. Therefore, the urban roof painted white can ease the urban heat island effect.
Model three, according to the knowledge of the physical .we establish a instability performance index function model based on internal force analysis of the
f ³ , mortar layer will mortar layer .When the mortar layer instability performance 1
lose stability, and it can easily cause the cracking of the waterproof layer. When the
f < ,the mortar layer is not easy to lose stability. mortar layer instability performance 1
And the greater the temperature of the roof cause the greater the value of f.the instability performance of the mortar layer is worse. The white roof temperature is much smaller than a traditional roof. Therefore, urban roof rinse white can slow down the cracking of the waterproof layer, to extend the life of the roof, and cost savings.
Model four, according to previously established model of the second and third, the establishment of economic accounting model of the white roof. Quantitative analysis of the economic benefits of white roofs. In the hot city, a white roof can reduce the proportion of the costsaving air conditioning and save renovation repair up to 20%. Therefore, the roof painted white, not only save energy, cool, but also reduce carbon dioxide emissions and are environmentally friendly, the cost is low.
This thesis is a unique innovation to do a more comprehensive and more effective research for "White Roofs Plan" ,and made significant conclusions,. According to statistics, is one of the few in our country. I hope to it can give the country and even around the world a good reference in exploring “the white roof plans ".