六项合标准课件(英文版)

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正畸基础篇ppt课件

正畸基础篇ppt课件

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6〓6间加横腭杆 6〓6间加Nance弓
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二、正畸活动矫治器
活动矫治器(removable appliance) 是一种纠正牙颌畸形的矫治装置,可由 患者或医生自由摘戴,摘下时该矫治器完整 无缺;它靠卡环的固位和黏膜的吸附发挥矫 治作用。
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(一)活动矫治器的结构和原理
1、固位部分 2、加力部分 3、连接部分
当牙排列整齐,拔牙间隙关闭,并且磨牙关 系得到矫治后 下一个步骤是对个别牙存在的牙轴,牙位及 合接触轻度障碍方面进行调整,以使上下牙 弓的形态及功能达到较为完善的程度
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(4)保持
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(二)直丝弓矫治器及矫治技术
1、正常合六项标准 (1)磨牙关系 上颌第一恒磨牙近中颊尖咬合于下颌第一恒 磨牙近中颊沟上 上颌第一恒磨牙远中颊尖的远中斜面咬合与 下颌第二磨牙近中颊尖的近中斜面 上颌尖牙咬合与下颌尖牙和第一双尖牙之间
转矩(torque): 整体移动,控 根(根颊舌向移动 ,切缘不动)
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转矩的弯制: 用两把专用转矩钳头夹住需要进行转矩 曲的位置,左手持钳夹于需加扭矩力弓丝之 远中,钳头方向应先唇侧,右手持钳夹于所 需加扭矩力弓丝之近中,钳头方向应向舌侧 ,钳头互相靠上,以左手钳子夹紧固定不动 ,右手钳子在夹紧弓丝的情况下做龈向的旋 转,而使产生根舌向转矩。
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3双合垫矫治器(twin block)
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(1)结构:
1)合垫: 由上下合垫组成 上合垫覆盖磨牙和第二前磨牙合面 在第二前磨牙近中边缘嵴形成与合面45 度向近中倾斜的斜面 下合垫覆盖前磨牙区 在第二前磨牙的远中边缘嵴形成与合面 成45度向远中倾斜的斜面
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2)固位装置: ①改良箭头卡:一般置于上颌第一磨牙 ②三角形卡:一般置于下颌第一前磨牙 ③邻间钩:在下颌前牙之间增加固位

新编英语教程6 unitthe lady or the tiger PPT

新编英语教程6 unitthe lady or the tiger PPT

Paragraph 1
❖ 夸大的,浮夸的; 有远见的; (废) (行为) 放肆 的; (言语等) 粗俗的
❖ E.g.: large talk 大话 ❖ talk in a large way 讲话夸张 ❖ a man with large ideas 高瞻远瞩的人 ❖ a large heart 宽厚的心 ❖ large tolerance 宽容
Paragraph 1
❖ E.g.: be trammeled by society’s
prejudices 被社会偏见所束缚
❖ trammels: (formal) something that trammels 拘束,束缚;妨碍;限制
❖ E.g.: Free yourself from the trammels of
❖ E.g.: in the olden days 在古昔 ❖ in the olden times 在古代
❖ semi-barbaric: half barbaric, partly barbaric
Paragraph 1
❖ barbaric: (often derogatory) of or like (that of) a barbarian; very cruel 半开化的, 野蛮的
❖ polish: make less rough / more graceful; refine 使(人、举止、仪表等) 变得优雅;使 升华
❖ E.g.: His manners need polishing. 他的举 止欠优雅。
Paragraph 1
❖ sharpen: make … more sensitive 使敏锐; 使敏捷
tradition. 把你自己从传统的束缚中解放出来。

Andrews正常he的六项标准

Andrews正常he的六项标准




主要机制:上,下颌或上下牙弓
长度过大. 主要症状:双颌或双牙弓前突. 矫治原则:减径或减数,以减少 上,下牙弓突度,或推上,下牙

弓向后.

3.第III类----宽度不调 (1)第1分类 主要机制:上颌或上牙弓宽度较大,或下颌或下牙弓宽度较小, 或兼有之. 主要症状:上牙弓宽于下牙弓,后牙深覆盖或正锁he.

主要症状:后牙为近中错he,前牙为对he或反he.頦部可前突. 矫治原则:矫治颌间关系 .推下牙弓向后 ,或牵上牙弓向前 ,或 两者并用.

(2)第2分类----远中错he
主要机制 : 上颌或上牙弓长度较大 ,或下颌或下牙弓长度较小 , 或两者兼 有之.
主要症状:后牙为远中错he,前牙深 覆盖.頦部可后缩. 矫治原则:矫治颌间关系,推上牙弓 向后或牵下牙弓向前,或两者并用. (3)第3分类
Andrews正常he的六项标准
第一项:上,下牙弓间关系及咬合接触关系
1.上颌第一磨牙的近中颊尖咬合于下颌第一恒磨牙近中颊沟上. 2.上颌第一恒磨牙的远中边缘嵴咬合于下颌第二恒磨牙的近中边缘嵴.
3.上颌第一恒磨牙近中舌尖咬合于下颌第一恒磨牙的中央窝.
4.上,下前磨牙颊尖咬合于对颌牙邻间隙. 5.上颌前磨牙舌尖与下颌前磨牙有尖窝 关系. 6.上颌尖牙咬合于下颌尖牙与第一双尖牙 的邻间隙,且牙尖略偏近中.


主要症状牙齿拥挤错位者.
矫治原则扩大牙弓,推磨牙向后, 减径或减数. (2)第2分类 主要机制牙量相对小于骨量 主要症状有牙间隙 矫治原则缩小牙弓或结合修复治疗.

2.第II类---长度不调 (1)第1分类----近中错he 主要机制:上颌或上牙弓长度较小,或下颌或下牙弓长度较大, 或两者兼有之.

第六章__矫治器及矫治技术

第六章__矫治器及矫治技术
上,也可附着在基托内。 根据该簧所在部位不同,可使错位牙推
向近(或)远中、唇颊侧(或)舌侧、伸长或 压低,以及纠正转位牙和倾斜牙等。
副簧
c.双曲舌簧:此簧附着在基托组织面盒状凹内, 可推腭(舌)侧错位牙移向唇颊侧而纳入正常牙 弓内。加力后要注意调整的游离端抵住牙的舌 侧牙颈部与牙长轴垂直,以利于近似整体移动。 簧游离端位于后牙舌侧牙颈部或前牙舌侧隆突 区,长度与牙冠宽度相等。
2.支抗在正畸治疗中的作用
在正畸治疗过程中,希望矫治牙按需要的方向 及距离移动,而作为支抗部分的支抗牙则常要 求尽量不移位或仅少量移位,以保持良好的合 关系。
要达到以上目的,必须设计充分的支抗,尽量 使支抗力分散在多个支抗牙上,而这种作用在 支抗牙上的力,不至使支抗牙移位或仅发生极 少量的移位。
2.以矫治力的来源分类
(1)机械性: 矫治力来源于各种金属丝变形后的回弹
力或弹性材料拉长后的回缩力。
由人工施加的机械力间接或直接作用于 牙颌器官,以达到调整颌间关系和移动错 位牙的目的。
(2)功能性 :矫治器本身不产生任何矫 治力,通过戴用的矫治器传递至被矫治的 部位,诱导其生长发育向正常方向发展。
三、功能性可摘矫治器
概念:是一种可摘矫治器,本身不产生任 何机械力,其作用是通过改变口面肌肉功 能促进颌骨发育和颅面生长,从而矫治错 颌畸形。
原理:将部分肌肉的收缩力通过矫治器传导 到某些部位或排除某些肌肉对牙槽骨的过 分压力,恢复牙弓内外的平衡。
(一)功能矫治器的适应证
1.适应证 口面肌肉功能异常引起的功能性错合畸形。 生长迸发期前1-2年开始,并持续整个迸 发期。 女性:平均9-10岁 男性:平均12-13岁
副簧
d.爪簧:用以压低前牙,有简单爪簧、单曲爪簧 和双曲爪簧三种。该簧是先弯成小圈焊在唇弓 上(用焊锡焊接,簧仍富有弹性),另一端形如 爪状,钩在切牙切缘的中部。唇弓内收上前牙 时焊简单爪簧可防止切牙伸长。如个别前牙过 高位者可用单曲(或)双曲爪簧,将曲缩小即可 压低前牙(图7-16)。

口腔学英文课件:THE COMPLETE CAST CROWN PREPARATION

口腔学英文课件:THE COMPLETE CAST CROWN PREPARATION
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Indications
The complete cast crown is indicated on teeth that exhibit extensive coronal destruction by caries or trauma. It is the restoration of choice whenever maximum retention and resistance are needed.
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Disadvantages
Because all coronal surfaces are involved in the preparation for a complete cast crown, removal of tooth structure is extensive and can have adverse effects on the pulp and periodontium.
非中央尖)
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Advantages
Because all axial surfaces of the tooth are included in the preparation, the complete cast crown has greater retention than a more conservative restoration on the same tooth (e.g., a seven-eighths or threequarter crown ).
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Normally, a complete cast crown preparation also has greater resistance form than does a partial-coverage restoration on the same tooth. For a partial veneer crown to rotate off the tooth, only the tooth structure immediately lingual to the occlusal portion of the proximal groove or box need fail. However, if the axial walls of a complete cast crown have been prepared with the proper degree of taper or convergence , a significant amount of tooth structure must fail before the crown can be torqued off.

unit 6

unit 6
• • 合口双元音 ( the closing diphthongs) 集中双元音 ( the centering diphthongs) 5 3
单元音的分类
双元音的分类
• 辅音 (the consonants)
• • • • • • 爆破音 ( the plosive consonants) 摩擦音 ( the fricative consonants) 破擦音 ( the affricate consonants) 鼻音 ( the nasal consonants) 舌侧音 ( the lateral consonants) 半元音 ( the semi-vowels) 6 10 2 3 1 2
略后




舌身 隆起 部分 舌身 的中 部
唇形 牙床 开合 程度 扁 宽, 半开 与开 之间
/ ʌ/
注:/ ʌ / 原来是后元音,但近来这个 音有逐步前移的倾向,有的语音著作 将它列为中元音。
C. 后元音的发音方法
1)舌身后缩,舌尖不触下齿。 2)舌后部向软颚抬起,舌的两 侧不接触上颚。
3) / ɑ:/ 用中常唇形,其余均 用圆唇。
辅音






/ʃ/
/ʒ/
软颚抬起,堵住到鼻 腔的通道;舌尖和舌端抬 向上齿龈较后部分,舌身 两侧紧贴上颚,中央形成 一条狭长的通道,上下齿 靠拢或靠近,但不要咬住; 气流由舌端与上齿龈较后 部分逸出,引起摩擦。声 带不振动,形成清辅音 / ʃ / ,然后口形不变声 带振动就得到浊辅音
/ ʒ /。发这两个音时舌 端与上齿龈之间的空隙较 发 / s /, / z / 时为 大,但舌身与硬颚间的通 道较发 / s /, / z / 时为窄。双唇突出。

第3章咀嚼肌(双语)

第3章咀嚼肌(双语)
• It is actually composed of two muscles connected in the middle by a strong tendon.
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当前11页,共78页,星期日。
下颌姿势位 Mandibular Postural Position, MPP
• 相互协同和拮抗,精细配合,各种功能顺 利进行。
咬肌Masseter Muscles, MM
• Both the outside and inside of the zygomatic 颊骨 process of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch.
• A broad part of the lower jaw, along the lateral surface of the coronoid process, the ramus 分支 and the angle of the mandible.
when the right or left lateral pterygoid is active separately.
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当前9页,共78页,星期日。
舌骨上肌群
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当前10页,共78页,星期日。
舌骨上肌群
Digastric Muscle
• Responsible for opening the lower jaw (in combination with the coordinated contraction of the lateral pterygoid muscles).
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当前8页,共78页,星期日。
翼外肌 lateral pterygoid muscle ,LP
• Drawing the jaw forward when both the right and left muscles are equally active.

6 Sigma 标准培训教材-英文ppt

6 Sigma 标准培训教材-英文ppt

Time
Average Value
Many Data Sets Have a Normal or Bell Shape
6 Overview
Problem Solving Approach
Off-Target
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Center Process
On-Target
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Deployment and Application of Six Sigma Concepts & Tools
Learning from Those Who Have had Success With 6Will Accelerate its Implementation at GE
6 Overview
So...What is Six Sigma?
• A Measurement System • A Problem-Solving Approach • A Disciplined Change Process
Measure
Analyze
Improve
Control
“THE SIX SIGMA BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY”
6 Overview
Why Does GE Need A Quality Initiative?
GE Raising The Bar • New Goal to be “Best in the World” vs. #1 or #2 • Customers are Expecting More, we Must Deliver • “Ship-and-fix” Approach no Longer Tolerated in the Market • Aim to Speed Past Traditional Competitors in 5 Years • Goal Consistent with Reduced Total Costs

6 Sigma 标准培训教材-英文ppt

6 Sigma 标准培训教材-英文ppt

6 Overview
Measurement System How Do We Arrive at Sigma?
Identify the CTQs
• “Critical to Quality” Characteristics or the Customer Requirements for a Product or Service
• Six Sigma Structure
• Key Concepts & Tools
• A Practical Example
An Overview....Not a lot of Details!!
6 Overview
“Six Sigma”
• If we can’t express what we know in the form of numbers, we really don’t know much about it.
me
Average Value
Many Data Sets Have a Normal or Bell Shape
6 Overview
Problem Solving Approach
Off-Target
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Center Process
On-Target
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
6 Overview
• Six Sigma: - A Definition - Applied to GE - GE Quality Initiative - Why This Approach? - Origin of Six Sigma - The “Breakthrough Strategy” - Arriving at Sigma

口腔学英文课件:The post and core

口腔学英文课件:The post and core
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• laboratory testing has confirmed that parallel-sided posts are more retentive than tapered posts and that threaded posts are the most retentive .
• Thus, it is easier to achieve a satisfactory margin for post and then for crown.
• An added benefit is that it is possible to fabricate a replacement crown, if necessary, without the need for post removal.
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Anterior teeth
• Post retention is affected by the preparation geometry post length, post diameter, post surface texture, and the kiting agent.
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Preparation geometry
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• premolar post and core
• RCT,Preparation→glass fiber posts →resin coห้องสมุดไป่ตู้e
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• A cast post and core needs to be slightly undersized compared with the canal to achieve optimal internal seating, whereas the crown needs to be slightly larger to achieve optimal seating .

容貌美学分析课件

容貌美学分析课件

三.容貌美的多视角特征
1.人类学家认为:人的容貌有种族差异,有 个性特点,有性别和年龄上的差别,所以千 差万别
2.生物学家认为:在生物进化的漫长过程中, 头颅 的发育具有显著特征——由“口主体” 进化到了“脑主体”
3.美学家认为:容貌是人体的“聚焦”部位
4.心理学家认为:才华,仪表,谈吐不及容 貌给人 的第一印象重要
“因为美丽而可爱”_“因为可爱而 美丽”
5.法学家认为:一个人的容貌与犯罪存在某 种关系
美国:整容后再犯罪率为10%,而未整 容者为61%
6.社会学家认为:社会人群中容貌的美丑呈 常态分布,即“两头小,中间大”,容貌讲 究个性
7.医学家认为:容貌向来具有“透视人体” 的 意义
四.容貌美的基本结构特征
口腔颌面部是评价容貌整体形象的重要部 分.结构与功能协调统一,整体与局部和谐 自然,尤其是各器官的比例关系不乏呈“黄 金分割”的绝妙体现,容易引起人们的视觉 美感.
口腔是延续人类生命的第一器官,除具有咀 嚼、吞咽、发音等功能外,还有人际交往的 感情表达功能。
根据人类工程学的研究资料,人们对容 貌的审视,视线依次按眼睛、口唇、面 部轮廓、鼻、颏、耳的顺序移动。
2.对称
对称性是容貌美学的重要标志之一,同时也是美 容外科术前诊断和术后效果评价的重要内容。以往 人们多凭直觉和经验判断,这显然不能满足现代美 容外科的需要.不对称畸形的判断需要定量的数据, 在正常人甚至美貌人群中存在的轻度不对称也应予 以定量评价.
有人曾利用相片及头颅x线片对颜面结构的对称 性进行研究,发现正常人也存在轻度的不对 称.日本作者近年来应用云纹影象的三维测量方 法,也发现正常人有一定程度的不对称存在.所 谓对称,只是一个相对的概念,世界上没有一个 人是绝对对称的.

unit-6-compassion-the-old-bag-ladyPPT课件

unit-6-compassion-the-old-bag-ladyPPT课件

3. It suddenly came to me that he had asked me to pack up for him because he was leaving on a business trip tomorrow.
4. She gathered up her belongings and left home quietly.
Do the exercise on p.80
-
15
Translation
1. Jimmy raced to the sidewalk, picked up the purse, which he held high up, and shouted, “Mom! You’ve dropped your purse.”
1
1-5 The heroine showed up.
2
6-11 The old lady found two half dollars.
3
12-15 She went to the vendor to buy food.
4
16-20 The talk between Joe and a rich man.
Don’t forget your plan & promise.
-
1y
Vanessa Kristovich
Unit 6 Compassion
-
1
The Old Bag Lady
▪ Useful expressions ▪ Text interpretation ▪ Word family ▪ Speech sounds ▪ Sentence structure ▪ Translation ▪ Homework
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(Andrews,1972)
(Andrews,1972)
Molar interarch relationship
Mesio-distal crown angulation
Mesio-distal crown angulation
Labio-lingual crown inclination
No rotations
Tight proximal contacts Flat occlusal plane (curve of Spee)
• The mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar should occlude in the groove between the mesial and medial buccal cusp of the lower first molar. • The crown of the upper first molar must be angulated so that its distal marginal ridge occludes with the mesial marginal ridge of the lower second molar. • The mesiolingual cusp of the upper first molar should occlude in the central fossa of the lower first molar.
Molar interarห้องสมุดไป่ตู้h relationship
Class I Molar relationship
Mesio-distal crown angulation
Labio-lingual crown inclination
No rotations
Tight proximal contacts Flat occlusal plane (curve of Spee)
(Andrews,1972)
Molar interarch relationship
Rotations
Mesio-distal crown angulation
Labio-lingual crown inclination •In order to achieve correct occlusion, none of the teeth should be rotated. •Rotated molars and premolars occupy more space in the dental arch than normal. •Rotated incisors may occupy less space than those correctly aligned. •Rotated canines adversely affect esthetics and may lead to occlusal interferences.
Mesio-distal crown angulation
Labio-lingual crown inclination
No rotations
Tight proximal contacts Flat occlusal plane (curve of Spee)
•If there are no anomalies in the shape of the teeth, or intermaxillary discrepancies in the mesiodistal tooth size, the contact points should abut in normal occlusion.
No rotations Posterior: Tight proximal contacts Flat occlusal plane (curve of Spee) •The gingival portions of the teeth are more pronounced buccally than the occlusal portions.
Am J Orthod. 1972 Sep;62(3):296-309
Next
• Angle —— upper first permanent molar must occlude in the groove between the mesial and middle buccal cusps of the lower first permanent molar
(Andrews,1972)
No rotations
Tight proximal contacts Flat occlusal plane (curve of Spee)
Molar interarch relationship
Tight proximal contacts (no spacing)
Tight proximal contacts Flat occlusal plane (curve of Spee)
•A normal occlusion has a flat occlusal plane (the mandibular curve of Spee should not be deeper than 1.5mm).
•The gingival part of the long axis of the crown must be distal to the occlusal part of the axis.
(Andrews,1972)
Molar interarch relationship
Labio-lingual crown inclination
(Andrews,1972)
Molar interarch relationship
Flat occlusal plane (curve of Spee)
Mesio-distal crown angulation
Labio-lingual crown inclination
No rotations
Anterior:
Mesio-distal crown angulation
Labio-lingual crown inclination
•The interincisal angle between the crown tangents of the upper and lower incisors is 174o for normal occlusions (unlike Eastman Standard Value = 131).
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