高中英语句子成分

高三艺术生第一周补课——句子成分及句子结构

一．主语：

在句中，主语是句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，通常位于句首，通常由名词，代词，动名词（v-ing），不定式，及从句充当。

1. A mooncake is a delicious cake.

2. To master a foreign language is important for us.

3. Smoking is bad for our health.

4. What he said is useful to me.

考点一：主谓一致：谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。

1.我的爷爷每天起得很早。（get up）

2.这些学生来自中国。（come from/ be from）

3.写日记是一个很好的学习习惯。（keep a diary、learning habits）

考点二：it 作形式主语的重要句型

1.It is + adj+(for sb ) to do sth

2.It is time for sb to do sth = it is time that sb did sth/should do sth.

3.It takes/took sb time to do sth

4.It was reported/said/believed/thought/suggested that+句子

1.保持劳逸结合对我们来说很重要。（keep a balance between work and rest）

2.该到我们保护环境的时候到了。（protect environment）

3.完成家庭做业花费了我三个小时。

4.It _________(report) that it received more than one million visitors during the spring festival.

二．谓语

（一）用来说明主语的动作或特征和状态的成分，一般由动词充当。

1.He plays basketball every morning.

2.We are senior 3 students.

3.This idea sounds good.

4.We should study harder than before.

5.Great changes have taken place in my hometown.

（二）动词分类

1.实义动词：eg: play like climb beat pat succeed decide...

2.系动词：1）be:________

2)感官动词_____________________________________

3)表变化_________________________________________________

4)三保持二证明________________________________________

3.情态动词：can/could, may/might, should, must, have to, had better, would rather

4.助动词：不能单独作谓语，是帮助主要动词构成各种时态。（have,has ,had, will,

be,do等）

考点一：对及物动词和不及物动词的理解与记忆。

改错

1.We are hoping to solve something that bother to us.

2.I hope my dream will be come true.

3.Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.

考点二：系动词：1)系动词+adj(表语）2）系动词无被动

1.The coat feels smoothly.

2.Mayun was turned out to be a successful businessman.

3.This soup was tasted delicious.

考点三：情态动词加动词原形

1.We must found ways to protect our environment.

2.We had better to see a dentist.

三．宾语

通常放在谓语动词之后，表示动作行为的对象。由名词，代词，v-ing，to do或从句充当。

1.He speaks Chinese.

2.Don’t laugh at the boy.

3.Many boys in China wants to be a basketball player.

4.Would you mind looking after my cat.

5.I think you are the most beautiful.

考点一：常考只能接不定式（to do）做宾语的动词：

Decide to do / want to do / refuse to do/ pretend to do / promise to do /offer to do/afford to do/expect to do/fail to do/plan to do/volunteer to do

1.I want________(go) abroad.

2.Many young people can’t afford________(buy) a house.

考点三：常考只能跟动名词做宾语的动词及短语

Enjoy doing/mind doing/keep doing/avoid doing/consider doing/suggest doing/allow,permit doing/appreciate doing/escape doing/ finish doing/practise doing

Look forward to

Be devoted to/devote oneself to doing

Get down to doing

Lead to doing

Stick to doing

Object to doing

改错

1.I am looking forward to hear from you.

2.The woman has devoted herself to protect our environment.

3.To avoid ________(make) mistakes in the test, Mary studies hard.

4.Practise_________(speak) English and you will make progress.