重庆大学英语翻译与写作2012年考研真题
2012英语考研真题答案
2012英语考研真题答案英语考研是每个考生都非常重视的一门科目。
很多考生都会密切关注历年的真题，以便更好地备考和了解自己的英语水平。
以下是2012年英语考研真题的详细答案。
听力部分答案：Section A1. D2. A3. C4. B5. D6. C7. A8. B9. C10. DSection B11. C12. B14. B15. A16. B17. C18. A19. B20. C阅读理解答案：Passage 121. D22. C23. A24. C25. DPassage 226. B27. D28. A30. DPassage 331. D32. A33. C34. B35. CTranslation答案：36. Today, people often refer to the Gulf War as another oil war.37. Paris is to France what Tokyo is to Japan.38. People should be realistic and lay the groundwork for their future.39. The college professor gave the student a crash course in economics.40. The function of a university is to guide students to a better understanding of themselves and the world.写作答案：Part 1：Directions: Write an essay of 200 words based on the following chart.参考范文：The chart illustrates the consumption of different types of beverages in a typical western country over a span of 30 years, from 1980 to 2010. It is clear that the consumption of fruit juice and bottled water increased significantly, while the consumption of carbonated drinks declined.In 1980, carbonated drinks were the most popular, with over 250 liters consumed per person per year. Fruit juice and bottled water were consumed at a much lower rate, with approximately 50 liters and 10 liters per person respectively.However, by 2010, the situation had changed dramatically. The consumption of carbonated drinks had dropped to around 100 liters per person annually, less than half of what it was in 1980. On the other hand, the consumption of fruit juice and bottled water soared to 200 liters and 80 liters respectively.There are several factors contributing to this trend. Firstly, people are becoming more health-conscious, and are opting for healthier alternatives to carbonated drinks. Secondly, the convenience of bottled water has made it a popular choice, particularly among young people. Lastly, the marketing of fruit juice as a natural and nutritious choice has increased its popularity.In conclusion, the chart highlights the change in beverage consumption patterns over the past 30 years. Carbonated drinks have been largely replaced by fruit juice and bottled water, reflecting a growing trend towards healthier choices.Part 2：Directions: Write an essay of 600 words on the following topic.参考范文：The Impact of Social Media on YouthIntroduction:In today's digital age, social media plays an influential role in the lives of young people. This essay will explore the impact of social media on youth, focusing on its positive and negative effects.Positive effects:Firstly, social media platforms allow young people to connect and communicate with others from different cultures and countries, fostering a sense of global understanding and unity. This broadens their perspectives and promotes cultural exchange.Secondly, social media provides a platform for young individuals to express themselves creatively through sharing photos, videos, and artwork. This can boost their self-esteem and confidence by gaining recognition and feedback from others.Lastly, social media offers educational opportunities, as many organizations and institutions use these platforms to share knowledge and provide online courses. This enables youth to access educational resources and expand their knowledge beyond traditional classrooms.Negative effects:On the other hand, the excessive use of social media can have detrimental effects on mental health and well-being. Young people may become addicted to social media, increasing the risk of anxiety, depression,and social isolation. The constant comparison to others' highlight reels can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-worth.Furthermore, cyberbullying is prevalent on social media, with young people being vulnerable to online harassment and bullying. This can have severe consequences on their mental and emotional well-being, and even lead to self-harm or suicidal thoughts.Lastly, the overexposure to curated images and idealized lifestyles on social media can distort young people's perception of reality, leading to body image issues and unhealthy behaviors like disordered eating or excessive dieting.Conclusion:In conclusion, social media has both positive and negative impacts on young people. It provides opportunities for global connections, creative expression, and online education. However, its excessive use can negatively affect mental health, contribute to cyberbullying, and distort perception of reality. It is crucial for young people to use social media in moderation, be aware of its potential risks, and seek support when needed. Additionally, parents, educators, and policymakers should work together to ensure responsible use of social media and provide necessary resources for young people to navigate the digital world effectively.。
2012研究生英语真题答案：完整版
Section 1 Use of Eninglish Directions : Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。
重庆大学研究生英语2011-2012试题
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷2011 ~2012 学年 第 一 学期（春、秋）开课学院： 课程编号： 考试日期：考试方式：开卷闭卷 其他 考试时间： 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次：_______________ Answer Sheet Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 2 point each ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. () 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( ) 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( ) Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )封线 密Part IV. Writing ( 20 points)(请写在背面，Please write your composition on the reverse side.)重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2011 ~2012 学年第一学期硕士生B类Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneIf you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the –job training.That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor’s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salariesranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education couples with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesn’t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Schertz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle-and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn’t constrained (限制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Schertz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Them and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or and engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing thing,” says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior-plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Schertz.1. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?A. Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities.B. People with an MBA degree from top universities.C. People with formal schooling plus work experience.D. People with special training in engineering.2. By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years”(Line 3, Para. 3), the authormeans .A. most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB. an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC. MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are nowD. in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got3. According to Schertz’s statement (Lines 3~4, Para. 4), companies prefer .A. people who have a strategic mindB. people who are talented in fine artsC. people who are ambitious and aggressiveD. people who have received training in mechanics4. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because .A. they are more capable of handling changing situationsB. they and stick to established ways of solving problemsC. they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD. they have attended special programs in management5. Which of the following statements does the author support?A. Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B. Formal schooling is less important than job training.C. On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D. Generalists will outdo specialists in management.Passage TwoWith fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.Another new project is being setup to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this：First, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed；then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids；after that founders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel；the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full-scale giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.6. The phrase “should be well on with...”（Para. 1）most probably means _______.A. have completed what was startedB. get ready to startC. have achieved a great deal inD. put an end to7. What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in paragraph 3？A. Breaking up whatever is breakable.B. Sharpening metal bars.C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones.D. Sorting out small pieces of metal.8. What’s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants？A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. To protect the environment from pollution.C. To get raw materials locally.D. To get big profits from those plants.9. The first full-scale huge recycling plants _______.A. began to operate fifteen years agoB. will probably take less than fifteen years to buildC. will be built fifteen years laterD. will probably be in operation in fifteen years10. The passage is mainly about _______.A. a cheap way to get energyB. the location of recycling plantsC. new ways of recycling wastesD. the probability of city environmentPassage ThreeIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence –as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.11. What is the best title for this passage?A. Advocating Violence.B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C. Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D. The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.12. Recorded history has taught us _______________.A. violence never solves anything.B. nothing.C. the bloodshed means nothing.D. everything.13. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men __________.A. can’t get a hearing.B. are looked down upon.C. are persecuted.D. have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.14. “He was none the wiser” meansA. he was not at all wise in listening.B. H e was not at all wiser than nothing before.C. H e gains nothing after listening.D. H e makes no sense of the argument.15. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice isA. law enforcement.B. knowledge.C. nonviolence.D. Mopping up the violent mess.Passage FourFor a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us --- or what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, they've had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones --- but only as far as they went.Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people we'll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. "Siblings," says family sociologist Katherine Conger, "are with us for the whole journey."Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order．Older sibs were said to be strivers；younger ones rebels；middle kids the lost souls．The stereotypes were broad，if not entirely untrue，and there the discussion mostly ended．But all that’s changing．At research centers in the U．S．，Canada，Europe and elsewhere，investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic，looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another int0—or away from--risky behavior how they form a protective buffer(减震器)against family upheaval；how they educate one another about the opposite sex；how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms--or blows--over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism．From that research，scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults．Does the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddy’s girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter—gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is underinvestigation．“Siblings have just been off the radar screen until now，”says Conger．But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us．16．The beginning of the passage indicates thatA．researchers have found out what shapes us．B．our peer is the last factor influencing us．C．what researchers found is good and trustworthy．D．what researchers found contributes in a limited way．17．In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblingsA．offer us much useful information．B．have great influences on us．C．are the ones who love us completely．D．accompany us throughout our life．18．In scientific community, previous research on siblingsA．mostly focused on the sibling order．B．studied the characteristics of the kids．C．studied the matter in a broad sense．D．wasn’t believable and the discussion ended．19．Which of the following is NOT sibling dynamic?A．A brother cautions his sister against getting into trouble．B．Sisters have quarrels with each other．C．Siblings compete for parental favoritism．D．Older kids in a family try hard to achieve．20．From the last paragraph，we can conclude thatA．managers learned management skills from the family playroom．B．spouses learned negotiation skills from their siblings．C．studies on siblings are under the way。
2012全国研究生英语试卷真题解析
▪ Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5 by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself 6 to the code of conduct that 7 to the rest of the federal judiciary.
第八页，共四十页。
▪ Section II Reading Comprehension ▪ Part A Directions: ▪ Read the following four texts. Answer the
questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) ▪ Text 1 ▪ Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.
重庆大学及研究生英语翻译1_2_3_4_10_14单元.
E-weekly Un it 1 Why mom gets roses, and dad a c o llec t c all(为什么妈妈得到玫瑰,而爸爸得到的却是“对方付费电话”)美国人在母亲节和父亲节都会庆祝。
然而，在这两个场合中，父亲和母亲从孩子那儿收到的礼物却不相同。
这篇文章研究了差异背后的问题。
Let‟s fac e it: ther e‟s someth ing ab out a s ilk t ie th at strang les sent im ent.我们要面对这样一个事实：有些东西就像丝带一样，扼制了我们的情感表达。
Where as Ma y overf low s w ith tender t okens for mom-m easure d by th e 150 million gre et ing c ards an d the w ire-ja mm ing lo ng-d istanc e t e lep hone c a lls--de arold dad g ener a lly w ill mak e do w it h muc h less this Sun day. As man y dads kn ow, Father‟s Day is the No.1 d ay for c o llec t c a ll—and for proud ly mode ling a newglow-in-th e-dark footb a ll t ie.尽管母亲节使五月充满了温情的礼物，包括1亿5千万张贺卡和多得使线路堵塞的长途电话，但亲爱的老爸在这个周日却要凑合着少得多的纪念品。
许多父亲都知道，父亲节是“对方付费电话”最多的一天，也是父亲们骄傲地展示一条新的、会在暗处发光的足球领带的最多的一天。
Eve n if dads do n‟t mind, the F ather‟s Day/Mo ther‟s D ay d isc repa nc y noneth e less speaks to soc iet y‟s view s on parenthoo d and fat her‟s role in ra is in gc hildren. “ t he “gag g ifts” assoc iat ed w ith F ather‟s Day ref lec t the profoun damb iva lenc e（正反感情并存）that our c ulture fe e ls about e mot ion a l c onnec t ionsto fathers,”says Sc ott Co ltr ane, a soc io log ist at the Un iv ersity of Ca lif orn ia at Rivers ide.虽然父亲们并不在意，但父亲节和母亲节的差异依然说明了社会对于父母身份和父亲在抚养孩子中的角色的看法。
2012年考研英语翻译答案及解析
2012年考研英语（一）翻译部分答案及解析46）In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything — a single generative equation for all we see.46. 物理学中，有一种方法将这种对统一性的紧迫需求发挥到了极致，追求一种具有普遍意义的理论，即为我们所见之物寻求一种单一的生成公式。
47）Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.47. 在此，达尔文似乎给出了合理化的解释，这是因为如果整个人类有相同的起源，那么我们就有理由认为，文化的多样性同样也可以追溯到更为具体的开端。
48）To filter out what is contingent and unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.48. 从共性中过滤出独特性，我们就可以明白文化行为起源的复杂性，以及文化行为在进化方面和认知方面的源动力。
49）The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.49. 第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚·格林伯格，他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性，确认多种语言（尤其是语序方面的）共同特征，这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。
2012考研英语(一)翻译真题及答案
Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.翻译46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。
2012考研英语翻译真题
change)] [(that) (are) (independent) (of
the family tree or the pathway tracked through it)]}, {whereas} {[Greenbergian] [universality]} {predicts} {[(strong) (codependencies)] [(between) (particular
[share] [(common) (origins)]}, {it} {seems}
{reasonable} {[to suppose] [(that) (cultural diversity) (could also be traced) (to more constrained beginnings)]}.
47. 在这里, 达尔文主义似乎给出了一个正当 理由: 如果全人类都有共同的起源, 那么, 文
化多样性也可以追溯到更有限的开端这一假
设好像也是合理的.
48. {[To filter out] [what is unique] [from] [what is shared]} {[might] [enable]}
{us} {[to understand] [(how complex
cultural behaviour arose) (and) (what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms)]}.
48. 从共同特征中滤掉独特之处, 可以使我们 明了复杂的文化行为是如何产生的, 以及到底
是什么在进化和认知方面引导了文化行为.
49. {[The] [second]}, {[by] [Joshua Greenberg]}, {takes} {[a] [more]
2012年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
但为君故系列
各自的推理以及各自的推理概念。 31. 根据第一段，发现过程的特点是它的： A 不确定性和复杂性 B 错误的概念和欺骗 C 逻辑性和客观性 D 系统性和常规性 32.从第二段可以推知认证的过程需要： A 严格的审查 B 共同的努力 C 个人的智慧 D 不断的创新 33.第三段表明，科学的发现在它( A 吸引到大众的注意之后 B 被科学的机构检查之后 C 获得了编辑和审稿者的认同之后 D 被科学家同行经常引用之后 34. Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi 可能会最赞同下面的那个观点： A 科学的发现将经受住质疑 B 今天的发现将引起未来的研究 C 做出发现的努力被证明是合理的 D 科学的工作需要批判的头脑 35.下面那个是最好的标题： A 新颖是科学进步的引擎 B 科学发现中的集体审查 C 科学中认证(信任)的发展 D 在通往科学的大门口对于信任的质疑 )之后变得可信：
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说好的是不能改变的! 除非 Entergy 进行的交易。这个公司是新英格兰地区 主要的能源提供商，该公司引起了佛蒙特州人们的义愤，因为上周它宣称它不想 遵守严格的核能规定。 相反，该公司一直履行了它早先的承诺过不做的事情：即它不会因为想保持 其 Vermont Yankee 核电站持续经营，而要在联邦法院挑战该州相关规定的合法 性（宪法） 。现在这个做法让人震惊。 这个冲突始于 2002，当时该公司购买了佛蒙特州唯一一家核电站，其实是 一个位于 Vernon 的破旧反应堆。该交易为了获得州政府的批准，该公司同意一 个前提条件：即同意在 2012 年后征求州政府官员的同意继续经营。2006 年，州 政府又提出，该核电站能否延期经营要听从佛蒙特州立法机关的批准。当时，该 公司也无异议。 Entergy 从来没有打算要遵守这些承诺，也根本没有想过将来会发生什么。 一系列的事件，包括 2007 年冷却塔的部分崩溃，以及地下管道系统泄露的发现， 这些事使得人们严重怀疑 Vermont Yankee 电站的安全问题和 Entergy 的管理---2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
2012考研英语-新题型全文译文
Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)——————The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution.(42)——————I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)————For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)————Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)————What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.参考译文当你从飞机的窗口望出,想一想那飞逝即逝的瞬间,意识到你正在飞行，飞得比鸟还要高。
2012年考研英语翻译真题及答案
2012年考研英语翻译真题及答案Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(1)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see. It is beco mi ng less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (2)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewilderingvariety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (3)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(4)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(5)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of thefamily tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.翻译Part C1. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。
2012考研真题
2012考研真题2012年考研真题一、2012年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案Text 1An analyst asked the other day why anyone bothers to buy first-class tickets on short airplane flightsin the U.S. In fact, why does anyone buy a first-class ticket on a long flight either? For many years, the airlines have been blurring, or at least lowering, what passengers can expect in first class, so that while the name may carry prestige, the reality is much less impressive.So why do people keep paying for it? The best reason is simply that they are either spending someone else's money or such a small part of their total income that they consider it an acceptable luxury. On short flights, many of the people in first class are on free tickets -- businessmen and women who fly so often that they have accumulated thousands of miles, enough for a free ticket, given as a bonus by the airlines itself or by the credit card company that has given them a special flying credit card. They choose first class not because it is so good, but because it is free.Some short flights may attract wealthy touristson vacation, people who might be flying for the sheer fun of it and who have a large enough vacation budget not to be concerned about the cost of the ticket. But most vacationers are just as interested in getting the best deal and a cheap airfare, as anyone else.The same reasoning applies to long-haul flights. There are plenty of wealthy people and entrepreneursfor whom the cost of a first-class ticket is no object. But there are not enough of them to keep all the airline’s first class cabins full.So the airlines have been pulling the plug onwhat they offer in first class. They have reduced the number of flights on which first class is available.They have changed the rules to make it harder to accumulate frequent flyer miles. This means that even frequent flyer "won't be getting as many free flights as they used to, leaving fewer first-class seats for those who are willing to pay for them and for those who have been lucky enough to be given a free ticketby their company. Many airlines have also made it cheaper for business or first class passengers to buya discounted economy class ticket and upgrade to business or first class. Fewer people are as willingas once they were to pay the full price for first.People have various reasons for paying more and some of us are just hooked on the ego-gratification ofturning left at the top of the aircraft's stairs instead of right. But many people who fly first class with any regularity simply do so to be comfortable -- more comfortable, certainly, then they would be in the seat in the back of the plane. Most of us are not rich, but most of us care a great deal about how we get to the places that we fly to, and we are willing to pay a bit more.21. The primary reason that people fly firstclass is that_____.A) the cost is an acceptable luxury to themB) they are reimbursed for the difference in fareC) it is more comfortable than flying in economyD) it is the only way they can accumulate miles for free flight22. The phrase "pull the plug" (Line 1, Paragraph4) most probably means "______".A) lower the fare ofB) cancel the flights toC) increase the attraction ofD) discontinue the service of23. The airlines have reduced the availability of first class seats in order to_____.A) boost the sales of business class and economy class ticketsB) attract more wealthy people and touristsC) discourage mileage accumulation among frequentflyersD) cut down the cost of providing first class services24. According to the last paragraph, one reason why people fly first class is that they_____.A) want to satisfy their egoB) want to enjoy special servicesC) have the money to afford the fareD) care about the places they fly to21. 【答案】A) the cost is an acceptable luxuryto them【解析】细节理解题。
2012年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇以人物介绍为中心的说明文。
讲述了身为草根的G.I.Joe，成长为美国对外战争中一名战斗勇士。
第一、二段介绍了一个普通人G.I.Joe的生活背景及在美国和其他国家战争中的英勇表现从而获得美国政府的奖励。
第三段指出G.I.Joe为代表的普通士兵们对和平和安定的平民生活的渴望。
试题解析Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I.Joe as a mindless war toy，the symbol of American military adventurism,but that's not how it used to be.To the men and women who__1__in World War II and the people they liberated,the G.I.was the__2__man grown into hero，the poor farm kid torn away from his home，the guywho__3__all the burdens of battle，who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the__4__of food and shelter，who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier,not someone well paid，__5__an average guy，up__6__the best trained，best equipped，fiercest，most brutal enemies seen in centuries.【译文】数以百万计的美国人和外国人将G.I.Joe视为毫无头脑的战争玩偶，看作美国军事冒险主义的象征，但在过去事实并非如此。
从2012年考研真题看英语翻译
从2012年考研真题看英语翻译摘要]全国硕士研究生入学统一考试中阅读理解 C 节即翻译考题考察学生的英语和汉语理解和转换能力，涉及的知识点广泛，并且要求学生具备全面的百科知识。
本文对2012年的真题做了分析探讨，旨在对考研学生提供翻译思路和方法的帮助。
【关键词】前置法后置法词性转换一引言全国硕士研究生入学统一考试《英语(一)考试大纲》对阅读理解 C 节即翻译的表述是:“主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构复杂的英语文字材料的能力”。
考生需要阅读一篇约为400 词的文章后将其中5个划线句子译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
然而把英语作为第二语言学习的考生，在做翻译的过程中时常会受到汉英两种语言之间差异的影响，如果不能处理好这些干扰，就会出现自己都不知所谓的翻译结果。
因此，翻译不单是语言形式的转换，也是思维方式的变换，这就要求在汉译表达时，要把原句中的单词，短语及句子按照汉语的表达习惯进行语义和语序的选择和调整。
笔者对多年考题做过细致的观察，发现划线部分句子的句式各异，结构比较复杂，内容都具有一定的深度。
知识点方面考察侧重于定语从句，包括嵌套式定语从句和多重复合句。
此外，同位语从句，宾语从句，被动语态，状语结构，形式主语，较长定语修饰成分，非谓语动词，介词短语，代词的指代，根据上下文选择词义等也是考点。
这里随机选取了2012年的翻译考题做一分析，抛砖引玉。
二真题分析2012年翻译文章选自Nature(《自然》）杂志2011年4月14日一篇题为Universal Truth （《普遍真理》）的文章。
文章从自然科学、社会科学（尤其是语言学）角度论述了哲学意义上的“普遍真理”，因此要求考生具有各种学科的相关常识，才可能正确理解文章各句的含义。
要求考生翻译的5个句子既体现了各种不同的句型结构，也有可以互相借鉴的地方。
本文按照它们出现的先后顺序一一分析。
①In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification (状语) (主语) (谓语1) (宾语1)to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything(目标状语) (并列连词) (谓语2) (宾语2)--- a single generative equation for all we see.(同位语)本句的结构并不复杂，其难点在于需要根据语境对某些词的意思进行深度推敲。
2012年英语试题(重庆卷).打印docx
第一节单项选择21.-John,when shall we meet again ,Thursday or Friday?-___________.I’ll be off to London then.A .Either B. Neither C. Both D. None22.-kevin,you look worried .Anything wrong? -Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result.A. will take B .took C .had taken D .take23 .______to work overtime that evening ,I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been askedB. To ask C .Having asked D .To be asked24.Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George.A./,/ B .the,/ C the ,the D./, the25.-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?-Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.A. CanB. ShouldC. MustD. Would26.-The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled. -Oh, no !______.A. It’s a pity B .It doesn’t matter C .I knew it already D. It’s not interesting at all27.Food supplies in the flood-stri cken area ______.We must act imme diately before there’s nothing left.A .have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out28.We’re having a meeting in half an hour .The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B .being made C. made D. having been made29.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales.A. which B .that C. when D .where30.—Coach ,can I continue with the training? --Y ou can’t ________you haven’t recovered from knee injury.A. untilB. beforeC. asD. unless31.Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.A. considerB. consideringC. to considerD. considered32.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng He sailed to East AfricaA. whenB. thatC. afterD. since33.The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor_____ _it a thought.A. does he even giveB. he even gives C will he even give D. he will even give34.Evdence has been found through years of study ______children’s early sleeping problem is likely to continue when they grow up. A .why B. how C .whether D .that35.—Look ,here comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance. —______What if she refuses me?A.I don’t knowB. Why me?C. With pleasureD. So what?第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）I became a gardener when I was twelve. My early__36___of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature. It was to _37__my parents.At that time, we had a big yard in which a beautiful maple tree stood. But my mother often looked with __38___at this work of natural art. Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her,“something else to __39__!”Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father ever thought it a waste of time.At that age, I always did something__40___to whatever my parents did! If gardening were something they found__41__, I would plant a garden!I planted some lily（百合花）seeds in the yard. But they failed to _42___.I continued to plant sunflower seeds and roses, Wild __43__joy,I found the first rose bloom（开花）.One by one, the flowers bloomed their heads off.__44___, I was touched by this land of wonder.___45__, my parents showed no interest in my garden. My father even__46___at me because he found it was __47__to move around my garden to the driveway. To my mother’s __48__,I put her vase my real roses which, in her eyes, were simply weeds__49__flowers.Regardless of their __50__, I kept on planting my garden and _51__to enjoy the pleasure of gardening.Plants make such good companions: they breathe, they bloom, they___52__to care and love.It has been many years since I made my first garden out of my desire to __53___my parent .Today I become known as Mrs. Greenthumbs, teaching gardening and hosting a gardening show which makes my parents feel very__54_.And now I could say it is my affection for___55__they makes me a real gardener.36. A. memory B. dream C. intention D. design37. A. please B. change C. help D. annoy38. A. doubt B. appreciation C. surprise D. excitement39. A. collect up B. care about C. clean up D. come in40. A. equal B. similar C. superior D. opposite41. A. painful B. valuable C. upsetting D. interesting42. A. come up B. break out C. hold on D. get through43. A. to B. with C. in D. by44. A. Luckily B. Cheerfully C. Regularly D. Eventually45. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D Besides46. A. shouted B. laughed C. glanced D. jumped47. A. convenient B. troublesome C. enjoyable D. dangerous48. A. sadness B. displeasure C. delight D. relief49. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than50. A. dislike B. encouragement C. threat D. suggestion51. A. decided B. stopped C. continued D. struggled52. A. devote B. turn C. respond D. lead53. A. defeat B. satisfy C. respect D. challenge54. A. proud B. comfortable C. strange D. disappointed55. A. freedom B. life C. growth D. nature三阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分) AOne of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装).On September 11th, 1958. Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying. "I promised you a gift, and here it is. " What an honor! I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories. 1 told it over and over how much I loved it!One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as "hopeless", "pitiful", and "dying", which sounded ominous.Christmas was coming. "Don’t expect any presents this year." Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. "If your baby brother lives, that'll be Christmas enough." As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I'd never seen him cry before.The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it. From my bedroom I heard him say. "What? He's all right?" He hung up and shouted upstairs. "The hospital said we can bring Richard home!""Thank God.'" I heard Mum cry.From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them happy. And I was also full of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I ran downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty; they were filled with love!56. What happened to the author on September 11, 1958 ? A. He got a baby brotherB. He got a Christmas giftC. He became four years oldD. He received a doll57.What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A. ImpossibleB. BoringC. DifficultD. Fearful58. Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming?A. Excitement.B. Happiness.C. Sadness.D. Disappointment.59. What is the passage mainly about ? A. A sad Christmas day B. Life with a lovely babyC. A special Christmas gift.D. Memories of a happy familyBTop lists are lecturing people on everything from"100 books to read ". Aren't you just tired of being told what to do with your time?Now you have a list to end all lists!Take a look at the following two examples from the list of "101 things not to do":Swim with Dolphins（海豚）？Swimming with dolphins is one of the world’s most profitable tourist activities. However, not every dolphin will welcome having their busy, tiring day interrupted by tourists screaming and pushing around them in the water. Worse yet, when dolphins get too near to the boats loaded with tourists, they could get caught up in ropes and killed by propellers(螺旋桨).Here’s a little secret. Dolphins look like smiling at you, but actually they’re just opening mouths.Go to See the Mona Lisa?There must be something about the mysterious(神秘的)smile. The 6 million people who visit the lady in the Louvre every year can’t all be wrong after all. But they can be quite annoying standing in front of you, holding up their cameras to prevent you from seeing anything. In fact it is hard for you to see the painting clearly because you have to stay away from it for security reasons. After queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds most.If the mysterious lady in the picture knew her fate, she wouldn’t just be smiling, she’d be laughing.So, still long to see the Mona Lisa? If you want to find out more about the list, read 101 Tings NOT to Do Before You Die. V isit and buy the book at a 20％discount.60. According to the passage, swimming with dolphins________.A. is the world’s most popular tourist activityB. gives fun to both tourists and dolphinsC. will make tourists busy and tiredD. can cause danger to dolphins61. What does the author think about going to see the Mona Lisa?A. It is wrong to go and see the mysterious smile.B. It is not as satisfying as expected.C. Fifteen seconds in front of the painting is enough.D. Queuing for hours is worthwhile.62. The list of “101 things not to do” is made most probably because its author_______.A. thinks it boring to do the things suggested by other listsB. believes other lists are not humorous enoughC. intends to persuade people to read more listsD. wants to provide a list different from other lists63. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To advertise a book B. To introduce a websiteC. To comment on popular listsD. To recommend tourist activities.CThere is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little whisky(威士忌)at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle. When Queen Victoria visited the castle in 1873 she wrote in her diary, “I never saw a lovelier spot,” And she didn’t even go fishing.Scotland is not easily defined. In certain moments, this quiet land of lakes and grass mountains changes before your very eyes. When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange, the rivers, teeming with fish, canturn into streams of gold. As you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of River Orchy, near the Inverlochy castle, any frustration will float away as gently as the circling water. It’s just you and purple , pink ,white flowers, seeking a perfect harmony . If you are a new comer to fishing, Learning the basics form a fishing guide may leave you with a lifetime’s fun. Four many, fishing is more than a sport; it is an art.Scotland offers interesting place where you can rest after a long day’s fishing. Set against a wild mountain and hidden behind woodland, the beautiful Inverlochy Castle Hotel below the Nevis is a perfect place to see the beauty of Scotland’s mountains . Ben Nevis is the highest of all British mountains, and reaching its 1343-metre top is a challenge. But it’s not just what goes up that matters; what comes down is unique.More than 900 metres high, on t he mountain’s north face, lies an all-important source of pure water. Its name comes form the Gaelic language “usqueb augh ;or “water of life”; And it is the single most important ingredient(原料) in Scotland’s best know n drink, whisky.64. The story of Queen V ictoria is to show that _____.A. the queen is rich in tour experienceB. the Castle is a good place to go in ScotlandC. tasting whisky is better than going fishingD.1873 is a special year for the queen65. How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?A. By giving descriptions.B. By following time order.C. By analyzing causesD. By making comparisons.66. What is Ben Nevis special for?A. The Inverlochy Castle Hotel.B. The beauty of its surroundings.C. The water from the mountain.D. The challenge up to its top.67. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce Scottish traditions to tourists.B. To show the attractions of Scotland to readers.C. To explore geographical characteristics of Scotland.D. To describe the pleasures of life in Scotland.DTo take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians（基督教徒）have ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil（邪恶的）.So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to be the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell（地狱）.What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father’s house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruit-or is it a vegetable?” As late as the twentieth century some writers classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an” evil fruit”.But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820,people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead.” What are you afraid of?” he shouted. ”I’ll show you fools these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.68. The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because ______.A. it made Christians evilB. it was the apple of EdenC. it came from a forbidden landD. it was religiously unacceptable69. What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3? A. The process of ignoring the tomato slowed downB. There was little progress in the study of the tomatoC. The tomato was still refused in most western countriesD. Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato70. What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato Publicly?A. To make himself a heroB. To remove people’s fear of the tomatoC. To speed up the popularity of the tomatoD. To persuade people to buy products from his factory71. What is the main purpose of the passage ? A. To challenge people’s fixed concept of the tomatoB. To give an explanation to people’s dislike of the tomatoC. To present the change of people’s attitudes to the tomatoD. To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influenceEIn his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren “, John Keynes, a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs ,which are independent of what others have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) ,this is not true of absolute needs.Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of demands.Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. The goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche ,a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market Priced at over $120,000,it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004 the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that_______.A. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needsB. absolute needs come from our sense of superiorityC. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demandsD. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3?A. They want to show their superiorityB. They find specialty important to mealsC. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied.D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality.74.What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Understanding.B. IncreaseC. DifferenceD. Study75. The author of the passage argues that ______.A. absolute needs have no limitsB. demands for quality are not insatiableC. human desires influence ideas of qualityD. relative needs decide most of our spending（广东卷）第一节: 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be 1 to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are 2 wrong, too. For instance, we should not hurt or bully(欺负) others, nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong..Rules can help the public make the right 3 , and remain safe. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent 4 .If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be 5 for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view. For example, they may believe that people should always tell the truth, and that lying is 6 acceptable. Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into 7.Sometimes it may not be so easy to know 8 what is right or wrong. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is 9 to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and 10 be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel so 11 when stealing some food to eat, if he lives in a really poor area and he is 12.Rules help us live together in harmony, because they show us the right way to _13_ others. However, some people argue that rules may be __14_, having observed that rules change all the time , and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones ----so who is to _ 15____ what is right ?1. A .kind B. sensitive C. fair D. generous2. A .equally B. slightly C. clearly D .increasingly3. A .suggestions B. conclusions C. turns D. choices4. A. accidents B. mistakes C .falls D .deaths5. A . interesting B. vital C. easy D. valuable6. A. seldom B. rarely C. merely D. never7. A. trouble B. power C. prison D. control8. A. roughly B. eventually C. deliberately D. exactly9. A. awful B. cruel C. unhealthy D. unnecessary10. A . still B. even C. later D .somehow11. A. nervous B. anxious C. afraid D. guilty12. A. begging B .starving C .growing D .wandering13. A. follow B. instruct C. treat D. protect14. A . disgusting B. confusing C .unsafe D . unimportant15 . A. predict B explain C. decide D. considerⅡ阅读（共两节，满分50分）A“Have a nice day” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.“Have a nice day. Next!” The version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words came out in the same tone ( 腔调 ) with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don’t know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day”The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day”to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.Although the use of the expression is insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken The point is that people say it all the time when they like.26. How does the author understand Maxie’s words?A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.B. Maxie really wishes the author a good day.C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.D. Maxie really worries about the author’s security.27. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?A. The salesgirl is rude.B. The salesgirl is bored.C. The salesgirl cares about me.D. The salesgirl says the words as a routine.28. By saying“Have a nice day", a stranger may _____. A. try to be polite to you B. express respect to youC. give his blessing to youD. share his pleasure with you29. According to the last paragraph, people say“Have a nice day”_______.A. sincerelyB. as thanksC. as a habitD. encouragingly30. What is the best title of the passage?A. Have a Nice Day—a Social CustomB. Have a Nice Day—a Pleasant GestureC. Have a Nice Day—a Heart-warming GreetingD. Have a Nice Day—a Polite Ending of a ConversationBI have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby’s point of view.Mothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may c ause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding . The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7 , 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a child’s sex and age, the mother’s health and feeling style. These results don’t surprise me. Feeling according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.31. According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels______.A. sickB. upsetC. sleepyD. hungry32. What does the author think about Dr King?A. He is strictB. He is unkindC. He has the wrong idea.D. He sets a timetable for mothers33. The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.A. basicB. reliableC. surprisingD. interesting34. What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?A. The baby will sleep well.B. The baby will have its brain harmed.C. The baby will have a low blood sugar level.D. The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.35. The author supports feeling the baby_______.A. in the nightB. every four hoursC. whenever it wants foodD. according to its blood sugar levelCI was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking forhelp. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldn’t bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the roads, Coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and as usual I ran into something,“I’m awfully sorry,”I said and stepped forward only to run into it again. When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost. This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldn’t stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off. No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; It seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass, or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.36. The girl refused to ask for help because she thought_________.A. she might be recognizedB. asking for help looked sillyC. she was normal and independentD. being fond blind was embarrassing37. After the girl got off the bus that evening, she_________.A. began to runB. hit a person as usualC. hit a lamppost by accidentD. was caught by something38. At the request stop that evening, the girl___________.A. stopped a big lorryB. stopped the wrong busC .made no attempt to stop the bus D. was not noticed by other people39. What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?A. Other vehicles also stopped there.B. It was unreliable for making judgments.C. More lorries than buses responded to the girl.D. It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.40. Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop, hoping __________.A. to find people thereB. to find more buses thereC. to find the bus by herself thereD. to find people more helpful thereDSports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the。
重庆大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2012年
重庆大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、请用汉语解释下列词语或现象。
(总题数：24，分数：60.00)1.索罗斯（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：索罗斯：全名乔治·索罗斯，美国籍犹太裔商人，著名的慈善家，货币投机家，股票投资者和政治行动主义分子。
现任索罗斯基金管理公司和开放社会研究所主席，是外交事务委员会董事会前成员。
他在格鲁吉亚的玫瑰革命中扮演了重要角色，曾在美国募集大量资金试图阻止乔治·布什再次当选总统。
乔治·索罗斯于2015年1月22日宣布终极退休，以后他不再管理投资，将全力推动慈善事业。
2.高盛（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：高盛：美国高盛集团，是一家国际领先的投资银行，德国移民马库斯·戈德曼于1869年创立，是全世界历史最悠久及规模最大的投资银行之一。
它向全球提供广泛的投资、咨询和金融服务，总部位于纽约，并在东京、伦敦和香港设有分部，在23个国家拥有41个办事处。
其所有运作都建立于紧密一体的全球基础上，同时拥有丰富的地区市场知识和国际运作能力。
3.神舟八号飞船（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：神舟八号飞船：是中国“神舟”系列飞船的第八艘飞船，是一艘无人飞船，飞船为三舱结构，由轨道舱、返回舱和推进舱组成。
2012年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生的地点是in World War II；空后的句子“the people they liberated”中 they也指代 men and women，他们有 liberate的动作，由此推断“the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。
只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思，所以选 B。
A 项 perform 意为“表现；执行；表演”；C 项 rebel 意为“造反，反抗”；D 项 betray 意为”背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，所以选 B。
A 项actual 意为“实际上，事实上的”；C 项special 意为“特殊的，专门的”；D 项normal 意为“正常的，常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。
3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是who（the guy），宾语是all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear 或shoulder，所以这里选 A，bore。