自考外刊经贸知识选读复习资料(1)

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自考外刊经贸知识选读复习资料(1)教学总结

自考“外刊经贸知识选读”复习资料（1）第一章一、术语制成品 manufactured goods 资本货物 capital goods 国际收支 balance of payments 经常项目 current account 有形贸易项目 visible trade account 无形贸易项目invisible trade account 贸易顺差 trade surplus 贸易逆差 trade deficit易货贸易 barter 补偿贸易 compensation trade 反向贸易 counter-trade 组装生产assembly manufacturing 工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业 joint venture 延期付款 deferred payment 买方信贷 buyer credit 卖方信贷supplier credit 软贷款（低息贷款） soft loan 最惠国待遇 MFN treatment （Most Favored nation treatment）永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR（Permanent Normal Trading Relations）国民收入 NI （National Income）国民生产总值 GNP（Gross National Product）国内生产总值 GDP （Gross Domestic Product）国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD（International Bank for Reconstruction and Development）国际开发协会 IDA（International Development Association）国际金融公司 IFC（International Finance Comporation）经济合作和发展组织 OECD（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development）国际清算银行 BIS（Bank for International Settlement）欧洲经济共同体 EEC （European Economic Community）欧洲联盟 EU（European Union）外商直接投资 FDI （Foreign Direct Investment）二、词语释义：substantially ： dramatically， significantly， considerablysubsequently： afterwardsexacerbate： deteriorate， worsen； aggravate； make worsewithdraw： cancellationtheme： principlein return for： in exchange fordisrupt： interruptdestined： designedpronounced： markedin the wake of： following； after withundue： too much； unbearablereverse： change to the oppositebuoyant： briskoutcome： resultboost： stimulate； promote； developrecover： reboundfacilitate： make easyrun-down： reductionmount exhibitions： hold exhibitionsinsofar as： to the extentbottlenecks： obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

《外刊经贸知识选读》7-15课复习资料

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第七章一、术语1．free trade 自由贸易2．trade sanctions 贸易制裁3．fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划managed trade 管理贸易4．trade balance 贸易差额5．multilateral rules 多边规则6．economic cycle 经济周期7．budget deficit 预算赤字8．trade reprisals 贸易报复9. market share市场份额10.White Paper白皮书11.vested interests既得利益12.civil service行政部门13.wholesaler批发商14. Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)日本通商产业省15. households save 家庭储蓄16. economic cycle 经济周期17. parts and components 零件、部件、零部件二、词语释义：1. draw the line: set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond （划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度）2. die down: disappear gradually3. foreshadow: is a sign of; represents; indicates4 capitulate to: yield to5. thrust: principal concern or objective6. geared to: adjusted to7. take sb to task for: reprimand sb for; criticize sb for8. is at pains to: makes a great effort to; works hard to9. of its own accord: voluntarily; spontaneously10. export-driven: export-led; export-oriented11. in due course: at the right time12. cave in to: give in to三、句子翻译1. The strongest signal came last week，when Mickey Kanter，(the U.S. trade representative), moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for (“intolerable”discrimination against U.S. companies)seeking government contracts withinthe community. The administrationwill begin retaliating in six weeks ifEC policies remain unchanged.最强的信号来自于上周，美国贸易代表米奇·凯特引用欧共体的话指出，12国欧共体谋求共同体内部的政府间合同是对美国公司的“令人无法忍受的”歧视。

外刊经贸知识选读Lesson1 China in the market Place

Terms

Manufactured goods 制成品
制成品，是指在一个工业企业内完成全部生产过程，经检验符合规定的质量标准，并可销售供社会使用的合格劳动产品。如自行车厂生产完成的待销自行车;棉纺织厂生产完成的待销坯布;机床厂生产完成的待销机床等。在本企业内不再需要继续加工的半成品，经检验合格供对外销售，也作成品。如自行车厂生产完成的供外厂配套用或供销售的零件
Lesson 1 China's Foreign Trade
Part1
Opening paragraph
Part2 Breakdown Part3 The Balance Shifts
Part4 Direction of Trade Part5 Reserves Rise
Part6 Investment Encouraged
withdrawal[wɪð'drɔːəl] --[U]the removal or stopping of something such as support, an offer, or a service 〔对支持、建议、服务等的〕取消，收回 --[C,U] the act of moving an army, weapons etc away from the area where they were fighting 撤军；撤退；撤回 --[C,U] the act of taking money from a bank account, or the amount you take out 〔从银行账户中的〕取款；取款额 Shift away from … towards/to-从…转向...
manufactured goods and the capital equipment required

外刊经贸知识选读复习(自考) lesson 1-15 课后问答

外刊经贸知识选读复习Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade(中国的对外贸易)三、课后问题：1、What‘s the meaning of ―the pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖?―The pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖ refers chiefly(主要的) to thecommodity structure of China‘s foreign trade and her trade partnership with theworld.2、What kind of clause is introduced by ―when‖ in the sentence of the thirdparagraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语)one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role inmodernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the nationaleconomy.‖(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。

) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on China‘s national economy?More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of China‘s national economy would have to work harder and better to export andearn more for the imports increased.4、What‘s ―a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)‖? Does it mean one who hasnever done any imports?“A net grain exporter‖ should be one who has done both imports and exportsof the item, but finally exported more than imported within a period of time.5、―The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant economicactivity as well as to the success of the Government‘s trade and foreigninvestment policies.‖(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。

外刊经贸知识选读Lesson 1

3.contract n. binding agreement between persons,groups.合同，合约 vt. 订立合同 vt. Make or become smaller. 收缩 e.g. Metals contract as they become cool. 金属冷则收缩。 4.shift from towards/to 从向转移 e.g. There has been a shift of emphasis from manufacturing to service industries. 重点已从制造业向服务业转移。
11.Sino-: chinese 中国人的 Sino-Japanese relations 中日关系 Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry,but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication,not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West. need for sth. need for sb to do sth. 需要，必须
USSR:Union of Soviet Socialist 苏联
Republics
2.exacerbate v. make worse,aggravate.使恶化，加剧。 e.g. Her mother’s interference exacerbated the difficulties in their marriage. 她母亲从中干预使他们的婚姻雪上加霜。

1《外刊经贸知识选读》资料-词汇练习

一、单项选择题1. The pattern of China's foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of People's Republic.A. modelB. traditionC. structureD. aim2. In 1997 China's foreign trade realized rapid growth rate of 12.1 percent.A. appreciateB. achieveC. graspD. follow3. The foundation or all this was assembled in piecemeal form, beginning in mid -1979 with the State Council's decision to set up four SEZ’s in t he south.A. establishmentB. designedC. declareD. invite4. A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain.A. differentB. certainC. greatD. believing5. Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu, the fastest-growing province in China.A. cityB. subwayC. centerD. street6. Beijing has been not only the world's fastest-growing economy but a magnet to many international companies.A. attractionB. enemyC. friendD. head7. The Clinton policy will end up being defined by a flurry of battles.A. explainedB. characterizedC. praisedD. concluded8. Direct investment by multinational corporations is becoming a hugely importantforce in the world economy.A. bodyB. driveC. bloodD. trend9. The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged.A. taking actionB. taking revengeC. giving inD. submitting10. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences.A. tacklesB. bringsC. explainsD. predicts11. Sooner or later they will begin to lose their edge much as the United Statesdid against Japan.A. strengthB. advantageC. powerD. might12. The draft agreement contains many sensible few rules for global trade.A. carefulB. reasonableC. perceptibleD. sentimental13. Stock-taking Of the open policy will come later this year.A. holdingB. passingC. perfectingD. evaluating14. Resources may be pillaged as is happening in Asia's forests.A. produceB. robbedC. importD. destroy15. Aggregate output for developing country advanced by slightly less than 2 percentduring 1991.A. realB. actualC. totalD. gained16. The pattern of China's foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the People's Republic.A. actuallyB. unimportantC. triviallyD. punny17. Figures show that the bulk of China's foreign obligations consists of non-bank trade-related credits which exceed US＄4 billion.A. quantityB. qualityC. the greater partD. the smaller part18. Trade and investment liberalization will aggravate the competition on the domestic and international markets.A. annoyB. angryC. exasperateD. slowly19. If there is a road o China's future, Highway 204 out of shanghai is it.A. carB. pathC. vesselD. plane20. For foreign investors, the prospect of having access to a market of 1 billion consumers will be true.A. foregroundB. retrospectC. dreamD. concept21. China is reaping the rewards of reforms first launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1979.A. startedB. endedC. arrivedD. prepared22. Economic planners in Beijing are determined to channel foreign money more explicitly to meet their own needs.A. decidedB. choseC. finishedD. worked23. The reactions to these first signals from the Clinton team have been sharply divergent.A. differentB. similarC. importantD. significant24. The underlying arguments for growth in foreign direct investment remain unchanged.A. aggravateB. confidentC. basicD. substantial25. While that has bolstered the South's security, it has also detracted from its economic growth.A. supportedB. harmedC. damagedD. withstood26. 1992 is a set of laws, and because of the mutual stakes no one would take a breach of those laws lightly.A. searchB. dangerC. breakingD. obeying27. The WTO has been so successful that more than 30 countries are now queueing up to join.A. detachB. partC. separateD. take part in28. The economic transformation taking place today is extremely complex, and in social and political terms.A. happeningB. finishingC. bringingD. driving29. Critics called the appointments a slight to Japan.A. neglectB. littleC. noticeD. respect30. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today.A. staticB. increaseC. activeD. large31. The relationship between trade and the environment is the thorniest of all.A. connectionB. reportingC. statementD. narration32. These new issues are likely to get even thornier as the WTO admits new members.A. pointsB. problemsC. editionsD. themes33. Coca -Cola seems determined that Slice's sales won't come at the expense ofSprite.A. strengthenedB. brittleC. convincedD. weakened34. China entered the "top10" of the world's trading nations in1997.A. CountriesB. StatesC. ProvincesD. companies35. As China is a developing country, her main trading partners wouldn't care much about their trade imbalance with China.A. minorB. unimportantC. juniorD. chief36. China's access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.A. unimportantB. actualC. smallD. little37. In1991, the economies of low -in -come and middle -income countries virtually stagnated, as measured by an increase in per capita GDP.A. estimatedB. reckonedC. appraisedD. surveyed38. International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated inA. reducedB. improvedC. worsenD. increased39. Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down.A. willinglyB. unwillinglyC. naturallyD. unnaturally40. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is takinga stand that could lead to a trans -Pacific confrontation.A. giving upB. giving inC. acceptingD. refusing41. Another explanation is that many of the market's original 282 directives have already been implemented.A. instructionsB. recordsC. figuresD. directions42. The round's other success was the creation of the WTO.A. inventionB. failureC. demolishD. ruin43. Expansion has transformed places like Jiangsu province, where GDP grew 25 percent last year.A. formedB. changedC. spreadD. reached44. Last year China's trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics.A. flourishedB. supportedC. boughtD. floated45. Mr. Bergsten said he saw little evidence of a strategy, except for a desire to mollify these industries' powerful congressional protectors.A. bullyB. angerC. relieveD. frighten46. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years as means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology.A. speeding upB. speeding onC. speeding offD. speeding down47. Another 20% worked well, but the remaining 60% should have been scrapped.A. scratchedB. renovatedC. stimulatedD. introduced48. Now Zhangjiagang is China’s seventh largest port and a tumultuous construction zone of half-built office buildings and hotels.A. tremendousB. numerousC. noisyD. orderly49. Against this deteriorating global background, the improvement in economic performance in a few developing regions in 1991 was especially noteworthy.A. determinatingB. toleratingC. improvingD. worsening50. Balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in Latin America to Mr. Clinton’s embrace of the free-trade agreement.A. hugB. embarrassmentC. acceptanceD. balance。

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章、术语制成品manufactured goods资本货物capital goods国际收支balance of payments经常项目current account有形贸易项目visible trade account无形贸易项目invisible trade account贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter补偿贸易comp ensation trade反向贸易counter-trade组装生产assembly manufacturing工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业joint venture延期付款deferred p ayment买方信贷buyer credit卖方信贷supp lier credit软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan最惠国待遇MFN treatment ( Most Favored nation treatment )永久性正常贸易关系PNTR( Permanent Normal Trading Relations )国民收入 NI ( National Income )国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product )国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product ) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD (International Bank forReconstruction and Devel opm ent ) 国际开发协会 IDA (International Development Association国际金融公司 IFC (International Finance Comporation 经济合作和发展组织 OECD (Organization for EconomicCoop eration and Devel opm ent )国际清算银行 BIS (Bank for International Settlement 欧洲经济共同体 EEC ( European Economic Community 欧洲联盟 EU ( European Union )外商直接投资 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment ) 、词语释义::dramatically ，significantly ，considerablywithdraw : cancellation theme ： p rinc iplein return for : in exchange for disr upt : interru pt destined : designed pronounced : markedsubstantially subsequentlyafterwardsexacerbate : deteriorate worsen ； aggravate ； make worsein the wake of : following after withundue : too much ； unbearable reverse :change to the opposite buoyant : brisk outcome : result boost : stimulate ； pro mote ； devel op recover : rebound facilitate : make easy run-down : reductioninsofar as : to the extent bottlenecks : obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exp orted agricultural p roducts to the USSR and East Europ ean countries in return for manufactured goods and the cap ital equipm ent required for the country industrialization p rogramme which pl aced emp hasis on the devel opm ent of heavy industry.重工业的发展。

【VIP专享】外刊经贸知识选读复习(自考)课后习题答案

三、课后问题：1、What’s the meaning of “the pattern of China’s foreign trade”?“The pattern of China’s foreign trade” refers chiefly(主要的) to thecommodity structure of China’s foreign trade and her trade partnership with theworld.2、What kind of clause is introduced by “when” in the sentence of the thirdparagraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语)one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role inmodernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the nationaleconomy.”(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。

) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on China’s national economy?More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of China’s national economy would have to work harder and better to export andearn more for the imports increased.4、What’s “a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)”? Does it mean one who hasnever done any imports?“A net grain exporter” should be one who has done both imports and exportsof the item, but finally exported more than imported within a period of time.5、“The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant economicactivity as well as to the success of the Government’s trade and foreigninvestment policies.”(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。

4月外刊经贸知识选读自考试题（1）

4月外刊经贸知识选读自考试题（1）2012年4月外刊经贸知识选读自考试题2012年4月（全国）外刊经贸知识选读自考试题一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. There’s not much prospect of Mr Smith’s being elected as Congressman.A. abilityB. possibilityC. capabilityD. specialty2. The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) is to pay out $356 million for project financing and trade operations.A. disburseB. displayC. demonstrateD. distribute3. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today.A. motiveB. passiveC. activeD. massive4. The expert argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world largest economy in 2020.A. expendB. extendC. expandD. exceed5. His robust strength was a counterpoise to the disease.A. vigorousB. excessiveC. moderateD. lackluster6. There is an amazing amount of economic friction up and down the real estate industry.A. flashB. clashC. brushD. crash7. It is eviden t that Chi na’s economy is one of the fastest growing in the world.A. cleanB. flatC. clearD. dour8. The Government Printing Office provides free public access to full-text federal documents.A. excessB. exitC. extraD. entry9. The news slowly passed through to everyone in the office.A. filteredB. rivetedC. formedD. delved10. The only sour note has been struck by new energy taxproposals in the US and the EC.A. introductionsB. destinationsC. accommodationsD. suggestions11. US protectionist measures helped wreck the world economy in the 1930s.A. diminishB. deliverC. destroyD. detatch12. Make-up experts steer girls toward light colors, fragrances.A. tendB. guideC. endureD. strain13. The advertisement itself will pull your attention and immediately you will feel that you need it for your lifestyle.A. segmentB. trademarkC. reformulationD. commercial14. The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer brown eggs over white.A. composeB. competeC. combineD. compile15. Generally, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil isto drill a well into the underground reservoir.A. grimB. strictC. rawD. severe二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. exclusive contract 17. current account18. clearing agreement 19. per capita income20. barrier-free market 21. carbon tax22. real estate 23. test market24. intellectual property right 25. business cycle三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 供应过剩27. 收盘价28. 初级产品29. 市场份额30. 双边条约31. 产地证明书32. 中国出口商品交易会33. 资本货物34. 优先权35. 直接投资四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1In 1961, when Gen. Park Chung Hee seized power in a military coup, yearly per capita income hovered at a bare-bones $100. Park committed Korea to exporting its way out of poverty, and his strategy was as simple as it was effective: shower the country’s fledging conglomerates with huge subsidies, government-based loans and official favors and turn them into the world’s suppliers of bargain-basement textiles, footwear and light industrial goods.The results have been dazzling. For two decades, Korea hassizzled along at an 8 per cent annual growth rate. Exports have surged from $119 million in 1964 to $29 billion last year. Per capita income, now $2,000, could reach $5,000 by the end of the century. Korea boasts a literacy rate of 95 per cent, a standard met by only a few of the most advanced Western nations. The once provincial capital of Seoul teems with energy and sophistication.36. What do “hover” and “bare-bones” mean in the passage?37. Which countries in the world besides Korea have a literacy rate of 95 per cent?38. In what sense is the underlined word “sophistication” used here? What might it refer to specifically and what does it have to do with energy?Passage 2International trade by barter is, in fact, an inefficient and expensive means of doing business compared to trading with money. Observes David Yoffie, “To cover the additional costs it incurs in handling goods it is forced to take in countertrade, a multinational company simply boosts the price of the goods it sells.” Yoffie sees countertrade as a form of protectionism. “It can help one group and hurt another,” he says.On the other hand, Daniel Cecchin, director of Countertrade Services for Bank America World Trade Corp., asserts that the rise of countertrade provides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system.39. What is the meaning of “barter” in its traditional form?40. In what sense is countertrade seen as a form of protectionism?41. According to Cecchin, what is the benefit of countertrade?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1The term “quality” is one of the most misused in the business world. What exactly does it mean? Our grandparents would have been in no doubt. Quality meant excellence: a thing was the best of its kind, and that was that. In business, however, the word has acquired a very different meaning: consistency, a lack of defects.Around 1970, it is said, a group of investment analysts visited a world-famous UK engineering company. They asked thequestions of their trade: about profit margins, stock control and balance sheets. The company’s executives did not see the point of all this. Their products were the finest in the world. Why all these detailed questions about numbers?Rolls Royce, the company in question, duly went bust in 1973. The trouble with old-style quality was that it encouraged supply-driven management. The engineers would make the product to the highest possible standard and price it accordingly. If the public was so uncultured that they turned it down, so much the worse for the public. It was all very well for artists to produce masterpieces. The job of companies was to please the market.Quality has a third meaning: that of value for money. To qualify for that meaning, a product must be of certain standard; and it should convey a sense, not of outright cheapness, but of being sold at a fair price.The US fast foods group McDonald’s, for instance, talks of its ‘high quality food’. But at 99c or 99p, i ts hamburgers are as close to absolute cheapness as any person in the developed world could desire. They are also highly consistent. Eat a McDonald’s anywhere around the world and the results will beroughly similar. But as anyone who has eaten a really good American hamburger knows, a McDonald’s is also a long way from quality in its original sense.42. Quality used to mean that a product was well-made and high-priced.43. Nowadays, quality means consistency and cheap price.44. The investment analysts who visited a UK engineering company were from Rolls Royce.45. Companies should learn from artists and produce masterpieces.46. The writer thinks that McDonald’s hamburgers are not worth the money.Passage 2The numbers are surprising: millions of people getting off poverty in a generation, billions of dollars in wealth created every year. In the past two decades, two out of five Indonesians escaped poverty. Asian exports went from less than one-seventh of the world total to almost 30%. No wonder people call it the Asian Economic Miracle. But to the workers and 14-hour-a-day entrepreneurs, it was nothing magical. Just plain hard work, business sense, a taste for risks, and a bit of luck.Today, China, Japan, India, Indonesia and South Korea are among t he world’s 12 largest economies. Hi gh-profile Asian businesses like T oyota, Samsung, Hongkong Bank and Singapore Airlines are now also global giants. And the growth formula of enterprise, investment and exports has crossed borders and waters. China and other socialist economies of Asia are following the trail blazed by Japan, the newly industrialized countries (NICs) and ASEAN.Now Asia is re-inventing the miracle. The affluent middleclass created by the boom is taking over from exports as the main engine of growth. Also adding to the thrust is infrastructure spending to support future expansion. Asian investment and trade are developing new markets and production centers right inside Asia. Japan and the NICs are passing labor-intensive sectors like garment-making over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.Greater wealth has brought a down side. Many Asians have abandoned their traditional diets for many types of fat-laden foods. So, in addition to becoming taller, they are also becoming fatter. And they are growing more susceptible to diseases such as diabetes. Bad eating habits combined withstress have made cancer, heart disease and strokes into major killers.47. The workers and entrepreneurs in Asia work 14 hours a day.48. The economic development modes of the Asian countries are very different.49. The two driving forces of the new cycle of development in Asia are the rich middle class and infrastructure spending. 50. The newly-industrialized countries are moving away from the labor-intensive sweatshops to the computer-aided workplaces.51. One of the next challenges Asia will face is to cope with the down side of wealth.六、翻译题（本大题12分）52. Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import target—an approachto trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented”. Th is ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust ofAmerican trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.。

全国自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试历年真题

全国自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试历年真题全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题Ⅰ.Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Unlike cereals and other farm goods, which the Uruguay round aimed to bring within the GATT’s jurisdiction for the first time, oilseeds already fall within it.（）A. justificationB. authorityC. justiceD. announcement2.Speculators profited handsomely from the price fluctuation of the 1990s.（）A. stabilityB. flexibilityC. volatilityD. regulation3.In this project everybody does his own share of the work.（）A. participationB. portionC. promotionD. production4.The treaty stipulates a member’s obligations and benefits.（）A. privilegeB. dutyC. abilityD. action5. Facing the challenge of cheap American corn in the 1870s, Danish farmers developed a lucrative market exporting butter, eggs, and bacon to the UK.（）A. smoothB. profitableC. substantialD. sophisticated6.It is not a blueprint for how the single market will actually work.（）A. detailed planB. blue colorC. legal frameworkD. blue printer7.In this area, some foreign investors can enjoy tax breaks.（）A. intervalsB. preferential gapsC. restsD. preferential policies8.The foreign company locates an agent in Shanghai.（）A. situatesB. securesC. placesD. flourishes9.The store discounted all clothing for the sale.（）A. expanded on scaleB. extended to some degreeC. put to an endD. reduced in price10.Major suppliers to the Hong Kong egg market are making greater efforts to increase thecompetitiveness of their products.（）A. capability of competitionB. possibility of competitionC. probability of competitionD. competitor11.There is a rigid export quota in that country.（）A. flexibleB. stupidC. rapidD. stiff12.Foreign trade plays a major role in the Four Modernizations program.（）A. partB. ruleC. partnerD. roll13. Businessmen battled with bureaucracy in an effort to fulfill their hopes.（）A. turn outB. fill outC. carry outD. come out14.Some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy in the near future.（）A. directingB. proceedingC. indicatingD. foretelling15.There were no breakthroughs in the Uruguay Round ofGATT negotiations on key elements.（）A. achievementsB. failuresC. accommodationsD. sluggishnessⅡ.Translate the following phrases into Chinese:(10%)16.trade fairs and exhibitions17.preferential tax rate18.vested interests21.European integration22.bilateral pacts23.countervailing duty24.fledgling industries25.deinflationary policiesⅢ.Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.国际收支27.经济特区28.高技术29.证券投资30.自由市场31.贸易壁垒32.供应过剩33.对等价值34.经济衰退35.贸易制裁Ⅳ.Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)passage 1The company’s new formula was designed partly to keep Coke’s sales growing overseas. Compared with Americans, whoguzzle more soda than water, the rest of world is still in the sipping stage. Coca-Cola’s goal is to kick up its slowing growth rate outside the U.S. from about 3% a year to 10%. Company executives think a less filling, more “guzzleable” new Coke will help.Domestically, sales of soft drinks have been bubbling a long nicely. They grew 6% last year, vs. 2% to 3% a few years ago. But the cola makers may experience more growing pains, at least with the high-calorie colas that account for half of all sales (diet colas hold about 12%). Baby-boomers are showing a strong preference for healthier, less fattening drinks as they age-every-thing from diet soda to bottled water to fruit juice.36.What is the difference between “guzzle” and “ sip” in meaning?37.What doe s “less filling” mean?38.Could you tell the reason why there is a slow increase of high-calorie-cola sales?Passage 2Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu, the fastest-growing province in China. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. Its boom radiates from Guangdong, its richest province, but it has spread as far west as Xingjiang, where foreign investors are searching for oil and other natural resources. It is creeping inland, from Jiangsu to the cities of Congqing and Wu-han, where businessmen from Hong Kong and Taiwan are starting to spend billions of dollars to build factories. And it has penetrated the northeast, where the city of Shengyan, long a moribund center of state industry, is bustling with new private business, from trading companies to prostitution. Back in Beijing, officials at China’s state council, or cabinet, are giddy withexcite-ment-and exhaustion. “We don’t have people, we don’t have time,” says one. “Things are moving too fast.”economy early in the 21st century.39.What do the phrases “dynamic economy” and “the world’s dominant economy” mean?40.What is the meaning of “We don’t have people” in the underlined sentence?41.What are some Western experts predicting?Ⅴ.Read the following two passages and decide wheth er the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given:(20%)Passage 1In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth disease in Croatia. Hungarian Foreign Minister Geza Jeszenszky told EC leaders that the “entirely unwarranted (move) smacks of a most regrettable survival of the notion of an Eastern bloc.”The EC followed with antidumping duties and “voluntary”export restraints on cert ain steel products from Hungary and Poland. And just days after signing the EFTA free trade agreement in early April, Austria introduced import quotas on chemicals, cement agricultural machinery, and steel from Eastern Europe. West Europeans claim that their eastern neighbors have an unfair advantage because of low wages, state subsidies and low environmental standards.Although the EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on most industrial goods over 10 years, most agricultural products are not included in the agreements. This is critical for Hungary, with its extensive farm sector.“The EC is never going to let Hungary achieve its potential output,” says Iowa David Andres, who has studied Hungarian agriculture firsthand ,” They’re already afraid of Hungary.”Statements:42. “In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat, and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth, disease in Croatia.” Here imposed a ban means shut out imports. ( )43. With the EC and EFTA agreements, there will hardly be any improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s agricultural products. ( )44.The EC and EFTA agreements will let Hungary achieve its agricultural potential output.45.There will be a lot of improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s products except agricultural products. ( )46.The EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on all the products over 10 years. ( ) Passage 2It is time to junk much conventional wisdom about the US economy. Until recently, most analysts assumed the recovery from recession would remain abnormally weak. And looking further ahead they assume that the US would continue to decline economically relative to other industrial countries, principally Japan and a more unified European Community.Both assumptions are now looking shaky. A clutch of much stronger than expected data suggests the US recovery is finally beginning to take off. Output per hour increased 2.7percent last year-the fastest productivity growth in 20 years.With productivity increases translating into impressive gains in corporate profits, US share prices are hitting record high andthe dollar is beginning to climb relative to other leading currencies. For internationally mobile capital, the attractions of the US economy are enhanced by worse than expected performance just about everywhere else. Growth throughout Europe is being held back by the strains imposed by German unification andencouraging inflation outlook for a generation. Consumer prices are expected to rise by only about 2.5% to 3% this year and next.Mr. Clinton, however, in his State of Union address on February 17, is expected to announce an economic stimulus worth about US $ 30 billion, or 0.5 percent of GDP. He will also announce longer term plans to tackle the familiar budget deficit, now running at about $ 300 billion but expected nearly to double within a decade because of runaway growth of spending on health care and other ‘entitlement’ programs.Statements:47.The conventional wisdom about the US economy assumed that the recovery would remain abnormally weak.( )48.The US economy recovery becomes more attractive for internationally mobile capital because the US recovery is abnormally strong.( )49.Both assumptions are now looking right.( )50.Mr. Clinton will make effort to slash the familiar budget deficit.( )51. The budget deficit of US is expected to be worse in the next ten years.( )Ⅵ.Translate the following passage into Chinese:(12%)The local Arabic press has given full coverage to the council’s debates and to a series of informal majlis discussionsheld weekly during Ramadan. In the latter, the issues of youth unemployment, drugs, the role of women and the size of the immigrant population were freely discussed. However, observers say Western-style democracy is not on the political agenda as the majlis system enjoys legitimacy and appears well-suited to the tribal traditions of Gulf society.全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题1. After the president’s speech, the stock pr ice slumped by10 percent yesterday.（）A. increasedB. droppedC. wavedD. showed2. Jack finally reached a bargain with the antique dealer over the vase.（）A. a sanctionB. an approachC. a traditionD. an agreement3. The following year, a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated.（）A. draftedB. issuedC. broadcastD. proposed4. Sales forecasts are outside my province —you should discuss them with the manager.（）A. problemB. programC. fieldD. task5. These eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the consumer.（）A. an onlyB. a pleasantC. a desirableD. an unusual6. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,”says the Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line for retaliation.”（）A. revengeB. recoveryC. reflectionD. inflation7. We are not safely beyond a backlash against the new world competition.（）A. instanceB. resistanceC. momentD. background8. If companies can’t get their products distributed nationwide, marketing them will be more expensive.（）A. spreadB. spentC. contributedD. attributed9. The real estate has increasingly become vulnerable to business setbacks and changes of economic climate.（）A. strongly resistant toB. gradually accustomed toC. more adapted toD. easily attacked by10. At five o’clock in the afternoon the city streets are a series of bottlenecks.（）A. bottling chambersB. narrow parts of bottlesC. bottlenosesD. traffic jams11.We had a dispute about how much money he owes me.（）A. disposeB. discountC. quarrelD. quota12. The bilateral surplus with America is also growing rapidly.（）A. one-edgedB. two-edgedC. one-sidedD. two-sided13. There were several rounds of negotiation before China entered WTO.（）A. mistakesB. sensesC. circlesD. sessions14. The economic crisis has seriously affected French exports.（）A. effectedB. reflectedA. influencedB. bargainedC. offendedD. balanced第二部分非选择题(共70分)II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.unfair trade17.exclusive contract18.per capita income19.long-term strategy20.GATT21.financial crisis22.trade representative23.physical market24.financial deregulation25.sovereignty disputeIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.利息付款27.外商独资28.技术转让29.国内需求30.出口导向31.贸易差额32.产地证书33.期货市场34.市场份额35.进口税IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1In the past few days differences between the United States and the European Community on farm trade have narrowed almost to nothing. As a result the world is now close to concluding the Uruguay round of GATT talks. That deal is admittedly far from perfect, a series of messy compromises. The cause of free trade will have many more battles to fight. Never mind. On a conservative estimate the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100 billion a year, spur economic growth everywhere and extend competition to hitherto sheltered, and therefore backward, parts of all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement.36.Why does the passage say that the Uruguay round is close to conclusion?37.What do “far from” and “sheltered” mean?38.How can the Uruguay round be described by a non-conservative estimate?Passage 2Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all But counter trade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yoffie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on countertrade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations. Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use counter trade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.”39.What are the advantage and disadvantage of barter?40.What does “global firms” refer to?41.Why do countries with strong foreign exchange positionneed counter trade?V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1Holst and Company, a member of the Northwest Holst Group, has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. It claims to be the first UK construction company to do this. The three-month trial period is being conducted with the approval of the overwhelming majority of the head offices. All 150 employees must be at their job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, less a one-our lunch break. They may choose arrival and departure times from 8 to 10 am and 4 to 6 pm. 150 hours have to be put in over each four week period. Credit or debit time of up to 7 and 1/2 hours may be carried forward to the next four-week period. Hengstler Flextime recording equipment is being used for the trial. The managing director of Holst, Mr Colin Cashmore, commented, “This is an exercise in responsibility. We regard our staff as very responsible people and it is only on this basis that the flexible working hours system can succeed.”He emphasized that if after the trial a majority of the staff was opposed to the system, it would not be continued. If, on the other hand, it proved successful, the company would consider extending Flextime to its other offices throughout the country.Statements:42. The Northwest Holst Group has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. （）43. Every employee must be at his or her job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, including a one-hour lunchbreak.（）44. All 150 employees are free to choose their arrival and departure times during the day.（）45. If all the staff of Holst and Company were not responsible, the flexible working hours system could not succeed.（）46. Holst and Company has decided to carry out the flexible working hours system even if the majority of the staff is opposed to it.（）Passage 2Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. The optimists have predicted that the powerhouse economy is suffering only a temporary slowdown. Yet virtually every key indicator continues to deteriorate. The much-vaunted “soft landing”is cleaning not in the cards. Recovery is further away than many people imagine, and it will be slow and erratic when it does come.Alarmed at the rapid asset-price inflation of the mid-1980s, bureaucrats intervened to head off a crash.Japan dipped decidedly into recession as GDP fell 0.2％in the second quarter of 1992, 0.4% in the third and 0.3% in the fourth. Industrial output shrank 6.1% last year. Now we’re starting to see bankruptcies by industrial and service companies. The recession is no longer confined to the bubble economy-it has entered the real economy.Japanese companies do have an impressive track record of responding to crisis situations. They rebounded very quickly from the oil-price shock in 1973 and more recently offset the rising Yen by boosting productivity and shifting operations overseas.This time around, however, they face a much harder andlonger road to recovery. Recession is going to be very difficult for Japan.The restructuring trend may itself exacerbate the problem. To try to shore up faltering profits, companies will slash capital investment and employee benefits. This in turn will further damage consumer confidence. Around 20% of Japan’s GNP comes from business investment, with a whopping 60% from consumer spending.Consumer confidence has also been hurt by layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses. For a long time there have been more new job offers than there were seekers, but this has fallen recently. For most Japanese this is an extraordinary occurrence.Statements:47. Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. Here“the most wrenching adjustment”means“the most painless adjustment”.（）48. As GNP fell successively and there are bankruptcies in some companies, we can say for certain that the economy is undoubtedly in recession.（）49. Japanese industries were known to be remarkably flexible in adjusting to economic crisis. This time it’s going to be very difficult for them to emerge from recession. （）50. Consumer c onfidence is vitally important to Japan’s economy, because employee benefits were slashed.（）51. The recent occurrence of layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses is quite unusual to most Japanese, as fora long time there have been more job offers than seekers. （）VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attended the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题I. Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Farmers bartered rice for machinery.A. exportedB. importedC. exchangedD. charged2. Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.A. procedureB. stimulusC. potentialD. section3. For China’s newly-rising enterprises, profits are up throughout the region — thanks largely to low wages.A. productsB. salesC. bonusesD. returns4. The workers demanded the same wage and the same treatment! There must be no discrimination.A. distributionB. prejudiceC. agreementD. performance5. Victims of the world’s largest industrial accident got $470 million compensation.A. conversationB. paymentC. preparationD. competition6. South Korea needs only some degree of sweat and some degree of technological sophistication.A. effortB. waterC. feverD. sweet7. Experts predict that the stock market will remain buoyant.A. buyingB. risingC. decliningD. descending8. International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991.A. betteredB. determinedC. worsenedD. damaged9. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.A. pointB. pressureC. pullD. priority10. Measures to reduce costs are beginning to take effect.A. affect all sidesB. produce desired resultsC. impact costD. have influence11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment.A. spreadB. spoilC. stimulateD. spill12. I wanted to go out, but I had no money. I had no alternative but to stay at home.A. alternateB. chooseC. alertD. choice13. A key element of his economic program is the promotion of free trade and investment.A. encouragementB. protectionC. excitementD. innovation14. Speculators deserted the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.A. stockB. assetC. equalityD. salesC. localD. abroadII. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.most-favored nation treatment17.trade surplus18.hard currency19.merger of banks20.liquid assets21.a hermit nation22.trade negotiation23.at a rough estimate24.Chinese Export Commodities Fair25.foreign exchange reservesIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.独家经销合同27.经常项目28.清算协议29.人均收入30.无壁垒市场31.双重税32.房地产33.试销34.知识产权35.商业周期IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of itsbamboo curtain, declared itself “open to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.For foreign investors, the prospect of having access to a market of 1.3 billion consumers no longer seems like a pipedream. The Chinese－in particular the rural population－are getting richer and now want visible improvements to their standard of living: they aspire to own colour TV sets, refrigerators, trucks, washing machines and better radios, bicycles and clothing. Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential sales in their own domestic market.36.Please paraphrase “has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain” in Line 1.37.What is implied by using the word “better”? Does it refer merely to the quality of goods here or something more?38.What do “having access to” and “sales” mean?Passage 2Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targets－an approach to trade policy that supporters call “result-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead toa trans-Pacific confrontation.39.Please give a synonym to the expression “give in” and explain the meaning of “draw the line”.40.What would Japan do in the past when foreign countriesput pressure on its international trade policy?41.Plea se paraphrase the underlined sentence “No longer, it seems”.V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1China is now reaching for the next rung on the economic ladder. Last fall Beijing agreed to open its markets to more U.S. goods, including everything from Polaroid film to automobiles. In return, Washington would support China’s membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Membership in this club, which includes all the world’s leading economies, could provide a huge boost for a low-wage export economy. Already though, China’s commercial strength is starting to worry competitors. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics. Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most -favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line f or retaliation.”Statements:42. China’s trade surplus, mainly from exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics, decreased last year.43. The strategy of opening markets to more U.S. goods is adopted by Chinese leaders in the hope of obtainingWashi ngton’s support in winning back China’s membership in GATT.44. China became the country which held the largest trade surplus with the U.S. last year.45. In the past, the trade imbalance was regarded as the more important source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China than human rights.46. Officials in Beijing attach much importance to the trade surplus.Passage 2Nike is the world’s largest supplier of athletic footwear and among the most successful consumer-products companies to have emerged in the past 20 years. Part of that success has come about by paying rock-bottom wages to the workers who make the shoes. All but 1% of the 90 million shoes Nike makes each year are manufactured in Asia.Nike is as American as Coca-cola. Part of its appeal to the millions of people around the world who buy its athletic shoes is that Nike is selling a sense of freedom. “Just do it!” exult Nike’s advertisements.But there is a rough side to this dream: the ruthlessness with which Nike pares its costs. The company is forfactories; 20 have closed in the past five years or so and another 35 have opened.Nike may look like an all-American enterprise, but its success relies on its ability to harness Asia’s spectacular manufacturing expertise. “We’re always looking fo r new manufacturing sources,”says Nike’s vice-president for production. “People ask why we don’t produce more in Eastern Europe, but we’ve concluded that the most capable manufacturers are in Asia.”The organization of Nike is simple and effective. All the production risk is taken by contractors. “We don’t know the first thing about manufacturing,” says Nike’s vice-president for Asia-Pacific. “We are marketers and designers.”There are the areas on which it concentrates its resources. Yet it retains the advantages of firms which produce in-house, namely a high degree of control over quality and the ability to respond rapidly to changing tastes.Until recently, almost all Nike’s shoes were made in South Korea and Taiwan, but as labor costs there have soared, the firm’s contractors in these two areas have moved much of their production to cheaper sites in Indonesia and Thailand.Statements:47. The most important ingredient of Nike’s success is giving people a sense of freedom.48. The quantity of shoes Nike manufactures in Asia each year is about 90 million.49. As all the production risk is taken by contractors, Nike’s main concentration is on marketing and designing.50.Nike prefers to produce in Asia rather than in Eastern Europe because they think the Asian market is bigger than Eastern Europe’s.51. To keep costs low, Nike’s most important strategy is to produce in countries where labor costs are still low.VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)52.In matters relating to the environment, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, produced an “Earth Charter,” or declaration of basic principles for the conduct of nations and peoples with respect to environment and development; agreements on specific legal。

外刊经贸知识选读复习要点

Lesson One China in the Market Place一、术语：manufactured goods 制成品capital equipment 资本货物balance of payments 国际收支current account 经常项目visible trade account 有形贸易项目invisible trade account 无形贸易项目trade surplus 贸易顺差trade deficit 贸易逆差barter 易货贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易counter-trade 反向贸易assembly manufacturing 组装生产industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税joint venture 合资企业deferred payment 延期付款buyer credit 买方信贷supplier credit 卖方信贷soft loan 软贷款（低息贷款）MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠国待遇PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常贸易关系NI: National Income 国民收入GNP: Gross National Product 国民生产总值GDP: Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴和开发银行IDA: International Development Association 国际开发协会IFC: International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作和发展组织BIS: Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行EEC: European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体EU: European Union 欧洲联盟FDI: Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资二、词语释义：exacerbate: deteriorate 恶化disrupt: interrupt 中断in the wake of: following 继┉之后breakdown: analysis by classification 分类分析buoyant: brisk 上扬的，增产的run-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extent 在┉范围之内bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress三、句子翻译：Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese ec onomy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the na tional economy.官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。

2023年自考专业(国贸)《外刊经贸知识选读》考试历年真题摘选附带答案版

2023年自考专业(国贸)《外刊经贸知识选读》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】Where was __________ you met with the famous scientist?A.it thatB.itC.the placeD.there2.【单选题】—Shall we go outing this weekend?—Oh, with all this work ______ ____,I don ’ t know if I ’ ll have time to go out.A.to doB. doingC.doneD. do3.【单选题】The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A.is increasingB.has increasedC.are increasedD. have increased4.【单选题】When Bob woke up he found himself in hospital, but he didn t__________.A.came aboutB. came outC. came alongD.came across5.【单选题】At this moment the bell rang, ________ the end of class.A.announcedB.. having announcedC.announcingD.to announce6.【单选题】His backache is only _________ for not watering the flowers.A.a reasonB.a causeC.an excuseD.reasons7.【单选题】We are living a_____A.stillB.quietC.calmD.silent8.【单选题】The cost of the various repairs amounts __________ total to just over a hundred pounds.A. toB.inC.byD.for9.【单选题】The speech is strongly impressed ________ my memory.A.toB.overC.byD.on10.【单选题】__________ twenty-fifth of December is __________Christmas Day.A.The; /B.The; theC.The; aD.A; the11.【单选题】The boy bought a new dictionary__________ he turned for help.A.from whichB. into whichC. whichD. to which12.【单选题】For some reason, it __________ all day over the two weeks.A.rainedB.rainsC.was rainingD.has been raining13.【单选题】I _________when I was a young girl.A.kept a diaryB.wrote a diaryC.made diariesD.kept diaries14.【单选题】Mary ’ s pronunciation is much better than __________ in her class.A.anyone ’sB.anyone ’ s elseC.anyone else ’sD.anyone else15.【单选题】We ________in the neighborhood.A. happened beingB. happened beC.happened to beD.are happened to be16.【单选题】Wood is often _________ paper.ed to makinged to makeed to be madeed making17.【单选题】You should try to write __________ eve n when you ’ re busy. As you know, practice makes perfect.A.now and thenB.more or lessC.sooner or laterD.here and there18.【单选题】One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ good knowledge of basic word formation.A./B.theC.aD.one19.【单选题】I don ’ t want to buy the sweater because I don ’ t like the color.__________, it is too expensive.A.ExceptB.Except forC.HoweverD.Besides20.【单选题】You __________ put your computer in your bedroom.A.don ’ t needB.had not betterC.had better notD.ought not第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】His whole school education ________ only 2 years because of his illness.A.added upB.added up inC. added up toD.was added up2.【单选题】The world ’ s smallest baby, a __________ girl weighed just 24 grams when she was born .A.three monthsB.three-month-oldC.three months oldD.three-months-old3.【单选题】John said he would pay __________ second visit to China __________ next month.A.the; /B. the; theC.a; theD.a; /4.【单选题】Will you _________ playing basketball?A.join us inB. join toC. join us toD. to join us5.【单选题】Our teachers made us ________a lot of homework after school.A.to doB.doingC.doD.to have done until seven o clock.6.【单选题】This is the first time that I_________ at the meeting.A. had spokenB. have spokenC.amD. was7.【单选题】The shop _________ until 7 o ’ clock.A. stays openedB.continues openC. stays openD. continues opened8.【单选题】It's seven thirty. I_________ go to school.A.have gotB.have got toC.got toD.had got to9.【单选题】He came into the classroom_________.A.very upsetB.being upsetC.to upsetD.to be upset10.【单选题】Mr White ________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn ’ t show up.A.should have arrivedB.should arriveC.should be arrivingD.arrived11.【单选题】I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?A.may seeB. can seeC. may have seenD. can ’ t have seen12.【单选题】I don't know_________.A.how can I finish my homework on timeB.how I could finish my homework on timeC.I can how finish my homework on the timeD.how I can finish my homework on time13.【单选题】Are you _________ your classmates well?A.getting alongB.get long withC.getting long withD.getting along with life in the country.14.【单选题】No one _________of it.A.dared to speakingB.dared speakC. can dared speakD.dare speaking15.【单选题】She would rather have a room __________ than sleep with her sister.A.on her ownB.of her ownC.of hersD. for her16.【单选题】— It ’ s a warm day, isn —’ Yes, t it? it ’ s __________ cold. I just wear a jacket.A.not a bitB.a bitC.a littleD. not a little17.【单选题】An A4 sized panel ( 太阳能板) put onto the back of a jacket costs__________ US$15. It could __________ a cellphone during a summer walk.A.at most; workB.at least; controlC.at least; fuelD.at most; charge18.【单选题】America is an __________ country. You can hear __________ everywhere.A.English-spoken; English speakingB.English-speaking; English spokenC.speaking-English; English spokenD.spoken-English; English speaking19.【单选题】Our teacher __________ us to practise our spoken English as often as possible.A.hopesB.suggestsC.advisesD.lets20.【单选题】The storm died away at last with the golden waves __________ the shore in peace.A.beatB.to beatC.beatingD. beaten第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：A2.正确答案：A3.正确答案：B4.正确答案：A5.正确答案：C6.正确答案：C7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：B9.正确答案：D10.正确答案：A11.正确答案：D12.正确答案：D13.正确答案：A14.正确答案：C15.正确答案：C16.正确答案：B17.正确答案：A18.正确答案：C19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：C第2卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：C2.正确答案：B3.正确答案：C4.正确答案：A5.正确答案：C6.正确答案：B7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：B9.正确答案：A10.正确答案：A11.正确答案：C12.正确答案：D13.正确答案：D14.正确答案：B15.正确答案：B16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：D18.正确答案：B19.正确答案：C20.正确答案：C。

外刊经贸知识选读课文一

Lesson 1China in the Market PlaceBarry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas economic links --巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the people’s Republic, During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances. Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962 The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early-1960s caused trade to shift away from the USSR and its Comecon partner towards Japan and Western Europe. A consistent theme of China’s foreign trade policies has been the strong emphasis which has been placed on developing trade relations with the Third World countries.The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the cultural Revolution(1966-1976) when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.Foreign Trade, which has a major role in the four Modernizations programme, has grown rapidly over the past few years.A major trade agreement with Japan, under which China exports coal and oil in return for industrial equipment and technology was signed in February 1978. China also signed a long-term trade agreement with the EEC in 1978 while trade with the USA has increased rapidly in the wake of the normalization of diplomatic relations at the beginning of 1979. The Sino-USA agreement on trade relations, which came into force in February 1980. Accords China Most-favoured nation treatment.BreakdownA commodity breakdown of China’s trade shows that fuels accounted for 24 per cent of total exports in 1982, food products for 13 percent, textile fibres and mineral ores for 7 per cent and manufactured goods(the most important products were textiles, chemicals and machinery and transport equipment ) for 55 percent. Since the founding of the people’s republic strong emphasis has been placed on importing capital equipment in order to strengthen the industrial sector. But the leading categories of imports in 1982 were food, which accounted for 22 percent of total, light manufactured items with a share of 20 percent and machinery and transport equipment with 17 percent.During the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities has been to reduce the proportion of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications.The Balance Shifts.The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 percent per annum between 1978 and 1983, while imports increased by approximately 11 per cent pere annum. As a result, the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US$1.4 billion in 1981 to US$4.4 billion in 1982 AND us$3.7 billion in1983. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 percent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. Grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years- China became a net grain exporter in 1984 – and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.The pattern of foreign trade growth was reversed in 1984; the value of exports increased by 10 percent, but imports jumped 38 percent with the result that the visible trade account was in deficit by US$1.1 billion. The strong increase in importslast year is attributed to buoyant economic activity as well as to the success of the Government’s trade and foreign investme nt policies.Direction of TradeHongKong is China’s major export market accounting for approximately 26 percent of total exports in 1983(though much is re-exported to other destinations from there). Other important markets include Japan, with a share of 20 percent in 1983, and the USA with approximately 8 percent. The EEC’s share of China’s exports has generally been around 11-12 percent over the past few years (the leading export markets within the European Community are Germany and United Kingdom), while the proportion destined for the comecon countries declined from almost 15 percent in 1978 to 6 percent in 1983. The non-oil developing countries (excluding Hong Kong) accounted for 23 percent of China’s total exports in 1983.In sharp contrast the developing countries provided less than 15 percent of China’s imports in 1983. The most important suppliers among the industrial countries were Japan, with a share of 26 per cent, and the USA with 13 percent. The EEC’s share in 1983 was 15 percent and that of comecon 8.2 per cent.The successful outcome to negotiations between Britain and China about the future of Hong Kong will strengthen Sino-British relations and is expected to boost trade between the two countries. A large British economic and trade delegation, headed by Lord Young, Minister without portfolio, visited China in March. The value of Chinese exports to Britain, which rose rapidly between 1977 and 1980, declined in 1981-1982, but recovered strongly in 1983; imports from the United Kingdom followed a similar pattern. The most important Chinese exports to Britain in 1983 were clothing, textile fibres, tea and food products while the leading British exports included iron and steel, machinery and transport equipment, scientific instruments, chemicals and textile fibres.Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.Reserves RiseThere are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments, but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.Foreign exchange reserves have risen rapidly from approximately US $2.5 billion at end-1980 to US$17.0 billion (sufficient for approximately eight months’ imports) by October 1984. Approximately US $12 billion of the country’s r eserves are held by the central bank, the people’s bank of China, while the balance is controlled by the bank of China which specializes in foreign exchange business. Individual cities must try to balance their foreign exchange earnings and requirements, but there is some scope for purchasing additional foreign exchange with Renminbi yuan. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down is the country’s international reserves over the next few years as a means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology.China has shown a much more flexible approach to foreign trade over the past few years and has adopted a series of measures designed to strengthen international economic co-operation. Foreign countries are encouraged to mount exhibitions of their goods and China itself has participated in a number of trade fairs and exhibitions held abroad. Since the late 1970s China has also adopted foreign trade practices long-established in many other countries. Goods are produced according to a sample provided by customer, while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods, produced by the equipment provided, in return. Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and manufactured product. Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.Investment EncouragedA series of polices designed to encourage foreign investment have accompanied these trade reforms. A lao adopted in1979 defines the principles governing the rights and interests of participants in joint ventures. The China International Trust and Investment Corporation(CITIC), established in 1979, co-ordinates incoming foreign investment, promotes joint ventures by assisting Chinese and foreign enterprises to find suitable business partners and also has responsibility for negotiating contracts relating to 100 percent foreign-owned enterprises When negotiations are complete and a joint venture contract has been agreed, it is submitted to the ministry of foreign Economic Relations and Trade for final approval.China’s cautious approach to f oreign borrowing is to be maintained, at least for the time being. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China’s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. Foreign investments is advantageous insofar as it facilitates the transfer of technology and skills and avoids creating an overhang of debt. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled. China’s access to substantial sums of money from the World bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.China has borrowed almost US$2 billion from the world bank and its affiliates, but a substantial proportion of these loans are still to be disbursed. Figures compiled by the OECD and the bank for international settlements show borrowings from western commercial banks of approximately US$2 billion, but also show that the bulk of China’s foreign obligations consist of non-bank trade related credits which exceed US $4 billion.While there are limited lending opportunities in the short-term, there appears considerable scope for foreign banks to undertake profitable business over the longer term. The need to develop business relationships with Chinese enterprises and government officials have persuaded a large number of foreign banks to open representative offices in Beijing or other parts of China.From China now spring 1985 no. 112。

外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译第1课对外贸易

第1课中国的对外贸易China in the Market Place 市场经济中的中国Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed s ubstantially since the founding of the People’s Republic.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisation p rogramme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961> with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962.自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。

外刊经贸知识选读Lesson 1PPT课件

issues. 他已经不再坚持自己在一系列问题上的立场。
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8. surplus n.盈余，顺差 in surplus 顺差 deficit n.赤字，逆差 in deficit 逆差
e.g. The U.S. balanced of payments deficit went up last year. 美国的收支逆差去年又有上升。
明日公共汽车将因大桥停止通行而受影响。
5
in the wake of sth/sb.:coming after or following 随之后而来，跟随在之后
e.g. A group of reporters followed in her wake.
一群记者跟随在她身后 accord v. 给予，授予
Lesson1 China ’ Foreign Trade
1.patten n. sb.or sth.serving as a model;样品 way in which sth.happens,develops. 方针，方式
e.g.A complete range of pattens was sent to you by express airmail yesterday.
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10.destine v. 预定，指定
vt. 订立合同 vt. Make or become smaller. 收缩 e.g. Metals contract as they become cool. 金属冷则收缩。 4.shift from towards/to 从向转移 e.g. There has been a shift of emphasis from manufacturing to service industries. 重点已从制造业向服务业转移。

自考外刊经贸知识选读复习资料(1)