2019.6. CET4 Listening Comprehension
2019年6月份英语四级考试真题带答案听力原文
四级考试真题（附带答案解析及听力原文）考试时间安排：一般在6月18日和12月17日左右大学英语四级考试流程8：50---9：00试音时间9：00---9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册（但9：40才允许开始做）9：40---9：55做快速阅读9：55---10：00收答题卡一（即作文和快速阅读）9：55---10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音听力结束后完成剩余考项。
11：20全部考试结束。
Part ⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象2.出现这一现象的原因3.我对这一现象的看法和建议On Excessive PackagingPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C）and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Small Schools RisingThis year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing.Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to theBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) “Hillsjail. ” Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduate?”So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses,” romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory”classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents,so they are deeply invested in the students’ success.“We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,”says Gilbert “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation.“It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’ in the nation, ”their letter read. in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students’ overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’t be necessary.注意：此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.1． Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________.A) ensuring no child is left behindB) increasing economic efficiencyC) improving students’ performance on SATD)providing good education for baby boomers2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?A)Teachers’ workload increased.B)Students’ performance declined.C)Administration became centralized.D)Students focused more on test scores.3.What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation?A)They are usually magnet schools.B)They are often located in poor neighborhoods.C)They are popular with high-achieving students.D)They are mostly small in size.4.What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?A)Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.B)A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.C)Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.D)Students have to meet higher academic standards.5.Newsweek ranked high schools according to .A)their students’ academic achievementB)the number of their students admitted to collegeC)the size and number of their graduating classesD)their college-level test participation6.What can we learn about Hillsdale’s students in the late 1990s?A)They were made to study hard like prisoners.B)They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.C)Most of them did not have any sense of discipline,D)Their school performance was getting worse.7.According to Jeff Gilbert, the “advisory” classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could .A)tell their teachers what they did on weekendsB)experience a great deal of pleasure in learningC)maintain closer relationships with their teachersD)tackle the demanding biology and physics courses8. is still considered a strength of Newsweek’s school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.9.According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use .10.To better serve the children and our nation, schools students totake .Part ⅢListening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections: in this section you will hear 8 short conversations, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)、B）、C）and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题精解(第一套)
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）音频Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section，you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions. Both thenews report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B) He celebrated the ninth birthday on a small island.C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.2. A) He doubled the reward.B) He cheered him on all the way.C) He set him an example.D) He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) To end the one-child policy.B) To encourage late marriage.C) To increase working efficiency.D) To give people more time to travel.4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B) They will help to popularize early marriage.C) They will boost China’s economic growth.D) They will not come into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.B) It leaves the house in a mess.C) It makes party goers exhausted.D) It creates noise and misconduct.7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.B) Visit the US and Canada.C) Settle a legal dispute.D) Expand their business.Section BDirections: In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He had a driving lesson.B) He got his driver’s license.C) He took the driver’s theory exam.D) He passed the driver’s road test.9. A) He was not well prepared.B) He did not get to the exam in time.C) He was not used to the test format.D) He did not follow the test procedure.10. A) They are tough.B) They are costly.C) They are helpful.D) They are too short.11. A) Pass his road test the first time.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.C) Find an experienced driving instructor.D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Where the woman studies.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.C) Leeds’tuition for international students.D) How to apply for studies at a university.13. A) Apply to an American university.B) Do research on higher education.C) Perform in a famous musical.D) Pursue postgraduate studies.14. A) His favorable recommendations.B) His outstanding musical talent.C) His academic excellence.D) His unique experience.15. A) Do a master’s degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections: In this section，you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people’s homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.18. A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older.20. A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.21. A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients’immune system.C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients’medical expenses.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school’s chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2，000 miles away. It has 26from Detroit to Silicon Valley，where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit，Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country，if not the world，to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan’s 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can’t let that happen，”says Senator Mike Kowall，the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written，they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips，and even set up on-demand 33 of self-driving cars，like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 34，California，home of Silicon Valley，recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel，and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.A) bidB) contrastC) deputyD) dominanceE) fleetsF) knotsG) legislationH) migratedI) replaceJ) representK) restrictiveL) rewardM) significantN) sponsorO) transmittedSection BDirections: In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72，000 centenarians(百岁老人). Worldwide，probably 450，000. If current trends continue，then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers，50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK，Germany，France，Italy and Canada，and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B) Understandably，there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real，and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity(长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life，not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer，and are healthier for longer，then this will result in an inevitable redesign ofwork and life. When people live longer，they are not only older for longer，but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60”or “40 the new 30.”If you age more slowly over a longer time period，then you are in some sense younger for longer.D) But the changes go further than that. Take，for instance，the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house，getting married，having children，or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962，50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014，that milestone(里程碑) had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts，one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer，then options become more valuable，and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed，and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement，and not only for financial reasons. Yes，unless people are prepared to save a lot more，our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s，then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s，there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65，over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life，but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills，vitality，happiness，and friendship.H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education，administered in childhood and early adulthood，will be able to support a sustained，60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change，either your skills will become unnecessary，or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will，at some point in their life，have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely，then，that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two，three，or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. Inone the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement，in another on creating a better work/life balance，still another on exploring and understanding options more fully，or becoming an independent producer，yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors，take people to different cities，and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals(休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health，re-invest in their relationships，or improve their skills. At times，these breaks and transitions will be self-determined，at others they will be forced as existing roles，firms，or industries cease to exist.K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career，but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions，while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware，investing in broader networks of friends，and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life，people leave university at the same time and the same age，they tend to start their careers and family at the same age，they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time，and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life，you could be an undergraduate at 20，40，or 60; a manager at 30，50，or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N) Current life structures，career paths，educational choices，and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education，followed by continuous work，and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents，but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer，being older later，and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one’s career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays，many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan，young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by themid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow(誓约)，couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce，”said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2，717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview，at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset(发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that，overall，31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic(慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well，with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness，”Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed，and if they’re the ones who become ill，they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill，Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses，”Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets，especially in older ages，divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population，Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages，”she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples’relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.D) Making men pay for their wives’health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children，you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on，misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive(认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study，published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition，found that the “wrong”name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children，siblings，friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake，says psychologist David Rubin，“but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group，misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds，like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1，700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others weredone with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren，friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general，the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often，but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also，mothers may call on their children more often than fathers，given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated，tired or angry.51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?A) It is related to the way our memories work.B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1，700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案(第三套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union.. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)说明：由于2019年6月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most __26__ predators（食肉动物），killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere,” which __29__ means “to cultivate.” In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that__34__ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey（猎物）. This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’ genetic development.A) acquiredB) adaptationsC) brutalD) deliberatelyE) expressedF) extendsG) habitatsH) humbleI) imageJ) litereallyK) refinedL) revolvesM) speculateN) structureO) thriveSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18-to 34-year-oldsA) Broad demographic (人口的)shifts is marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives—where they call home. In 2014,for the first time in more than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slig htly more likely to be living in their parents’ home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.B) This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62%of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.C) By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling (兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.D) It’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.E) Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men ages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since 2009, In 2014,28% of young men were living with a spouse of partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however,are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romantic partner(35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s)(29%).F) In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or parther.This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be sigle parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.G) A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young. Adults living with the parents. The first in the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today’s young adult may never marry. While cohabitation（同居）has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried patner has substantially fallen since 1990.H) In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18-to-34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹) since 1970 and fell significantly form 2000 to 2010. As wages have fallen ,the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.I) Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be a be to afford to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage—which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men—may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.J) The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net help young adults to weather the economic storm.K) Beyond gender, young adult’s living arrangements differ considerable by education—which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was mor e prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.36.Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.37.In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parentswas greater than that of their female counterparts.38.The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.39.Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-old lived in their parents’ home.40.Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.41.Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.42.More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.43.The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.44.The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents.45.One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that get married late or stay single all their lives.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, a t least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only aboutone-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a ma jor reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate(选民)and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.46.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A)They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B)They have to strive harder to win their positions.C)They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D)They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.47.What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A)They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B)They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C)Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D)Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A)Personality traits.B)Family responsibilities.C)Gender bias.D)Lack of vacancies.49.What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A)More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B)Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C)The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D)People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.50.What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage?A)A woman in the highest position of governmen.B)More and more women actively engaged in politics.C)A majority of women voting for a female president.D)As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining.16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 and 2014.The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Larvian women. Meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, ge netics plays a less key role,” he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiov ascular（心血管的）disease among taller people.”But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the Universith of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believe the global rtend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”51.What does the global study tell us about people’s height in the l ast hundred years?A）There is a remarkable difference across continents.B）There has been a marked increase in most countries.C）The increase in people’s height has been quickening.D）The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.52. What does J ames Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people’s height?A）It counts less than generally thought.B）It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C）It impacts more on an individual than on population.D）It plays a more significant role in females than in males.53. What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A）They tend to live longer.B）They enjoy an easier life.C）They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D）They have greater expectations in life.54.What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?A)They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B)They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C)They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D)They have experienced many changes of government55.What does James Bentham suggest we do?A)Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.B)Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C)Try every means possible to improve our environment.D)Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
英语四级考试：2019年06月考试真题和答案解析[第3套]
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英语四级考试：2019年06月考试真题和答案解析[第3套]Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like totake him/her to see and why?_________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________Part IIListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be apause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, anddecide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.1.A.It was mainly meant for cancer patients.B.It might appeal more to viewers over 40.C.It was frequently interrupted by commercials.D.It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer.2.A.The man admires the woman's talent in writing.B.The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.C.The woman is a photographer.D.The man is fond of traveling.3.A.The man placed the reading list on a desk.B.The man regrets being absent-minded.C.The woman saved the man some trouble.D.The woman emptied the waste paper basket.4.A.He has left the army recently.B.He quit teaching in June.C.He has taken over his brother's business.D.He opened a restaurant near the school.5.A.She read only part of the book.B.She is interested in reading novels.C.She seldom reads books from cover to cover.D.She was eager to know what the book was about.6.A.She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized.B.She was absent all week owing to sickness.C.She was seriously injured in a car accident.D.She had to be away from school to attend to her husband.7.A.The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths.B.The woman is not sure if she is on the right street.C.The Smiths' new house is not far from their old one.D.The speakers want to rent the Smiths' old house.8.A.The man couldn't find his car in the parking lot.B.The man had a hard time finding a parking space.C.The woman found they had got to the wrong spot.D.The woman was offended by the man's late arrival.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.The hotel clerk couldn't find his reservation for that night.B.The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.C.The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.D.The hotel clerk insisted that he didn't make any reservation.10.A.A grand wedding was being held in the hotel.B.It was a busy season for holiday-makers.C.The hotel was undergoing major repairs.D.There was a conference going on in the city.11.A.It was free of charge on weekends.B.It was offered to frequent guests only.C.It had a 15% discount on weekdays.D.It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels.12.A.Demand compensation from the hotel.B.Find a cheaper room in another hotel.C.Ask for an additional discountplain to the hotel manager.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A.Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.B.Head of the Overseas Students Office.C.Assistant Director of the Admissions Office.D.An employee in the city council at Birmingham.14.A.A small number are from the Far East.B.A large majority are from Latin America.C.About fifteen percent are from Africa.D.Nearly fifty percent are foreigners.15.A.She will have more contact with students.B.She will be more involved in policy-making.C.It will be less demanding than her present job.D.It will bring her capability into fuller play.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, Cand D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.Her parents immigrated to America.B.Her parents set up an ice-cream store.C.Her parents left Chicago to work on a farm.D.Her parents thrived in the urban environment.17.A.He was born with a limp.B.He taught English in Chicago.C.He worked to become an executive.D.He was crippled in a car accident.18.A.She was fascinated by American culture.B.She was very generous in offering help.C.She was highly devoted to her family.D.She was fond of living an isolated life.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.He was seriously injured.B.He was wrongly diagnosed.C.He developed a strange disease.D.He suffered a nervous breakdown.20.A.He raced to the nursing home.B.He was able to talk again.C.He could tell red and blue apart.D.He could not recognize his wife.21.A.Two and a half months.B.Twenty-nine days.C.Fourteen hours.D.Several minutes.22.A.They released a video of his progress.B.They avoided appearing on television.C.They welcomed the publicity in the media.D.They declined to give details of his condition.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A.For farmers to exchange their daily necessities.B.For people to share ideas and show farm “products.C.For officials to educate the farming community.D.For farmers to celebrate their harvests.24.A.By offering to do volunteer work at the fair.B.By bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms.C.By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.D.By performing a special skill at the entrance.25.A.They help to increase the state governments' revenue.B.They contribute to the modernization of American farms.C.They remind Americans of the importance of agriculture.D.They provide a stage for people to give performances.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.Students' pressure sometimes comes from their parents.Most parents are (26) __________,butsomeofthemaren'tveryhelpfulwiththeproblemstheirsonsanddaughtershavein(27) __________college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children'sdifficulties.For one thing, parents are often not (28) __________the kinds of problems their children face.They don't realize that the (29) __________is keener, that the required standards of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change.(30)__________to seeing A's andB's on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children's first semester college gradesare below that level.At their kindest, they may (31) __________inquire why John or Mary isn'tdoing better, whether he or she is tryingas hard as he or she should, and so on.At their worst, theymay (32) __________to take their children out of college, or (33)__________funds.Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and think it only right and naturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirlives. Intheirinvolvementand(34)__________with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each personmust develop in his or her ownway. They forgetthattheirchildren,whoarenowyoung(35)__________, must be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.You may not use any ,of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world.Part of the warming isnatural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice____36____away.However, we have already reached temperatures that are in____37____with other minimum-iceperiods, so continued warming is likely not natural.We are____38____to a predicted worldwide increase intemperatures____39____between 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years.The warming will be more____40____insome areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off.Likewise, the____41____of this warming will be very different depending on where you are-coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels,while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable (益居的) and____42____for humans than these areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on____43____, everywhere.Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the resultof a human-induced global warming trend.Some scientists_____44____that the changes we are seeing fallwithin the range of random (无规律的) variation--some years are cold, others warm, and we have justhad an unremarkable string of warm years____45____but that is becoming an increasingly rareinterpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.A.appealingB.averageC.contributingD.dramaticE.frequentlyF.impactG.line H.maintainI.melted J.persistK.ranging L.recentlyM.resolved N.sensibleO.shockSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Eachparagraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.The End of the Book?A.Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling morebooks in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format.That is remarkable,considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years.E-books now account for 14 percentof all book sales in this country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales.E-book salesare up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacksdecreased 8 percent.B.Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all.What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade orso more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type inthe 1450s.C.Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace.Mass market paperbacks, whichhave been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries,thrillers,“omance fiction,”etc.Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections,either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years.Hardback andtrade paperbacks for“serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer.Perhaps it will becomethe mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is Still published in hard copy.D.As for children's books, who knows? Children's_ books are like dog food in that the purchasers arenot the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.E.For clues to the book's future, let's look at some examples of technological change and see whathappened to the old technology.F.One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both.Thegreater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old.Printingwith moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with theold-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin.A Bible--to be sure, a longbook--required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor.Before printingarrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house.There were perhaps 50,000 books in all ofEurope in 1450.By 1500 there were 10 million.G.But while printing quickly caused the handwritten book to die out, handwriting lingered on(继续存在)well into the 16th century.Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they areone-of-a-kind show pieces.H.Sometimes a new technology doesn't drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the restto evolve.The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but theydidn't, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce.Equally, TV wassupposed to replace movies but, again, did not. I.Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater.And while TV didn't kill movies, it didkill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.J.Nor did TV kill edy and drama shows (“Jack Benny,” “Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”)all migrated to television.But because you can't drive a car and watch television at the same time,rush hour became radio's prime time, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged theiraudiences.Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.K.Sometimes old technology lingers for centtmes because of its symbolic power.Mounted cavalry (骑兵)replaced the chariot(二轮战车) on the battlefield around 1000 BC.But chariots maintained theirplace in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later.Thesword hasn't had a militaryfunction for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer's full-dressuniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”L.Sometimes new technology is a little cranky(不稳定的) at first.Television repairman was a commonoccupation in the 1950s, for instance.And so the old technology remains as a backup.Steamshipscaptured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greaterspeed.But steamships didn't lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had anasty habit of breaking down.Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough) to mounttwo engines side by side, they needed to keep sails.(The high cost of steam and the lesser need forspeed kept the majority of the world's ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)M.Then there is the fireplace.Central heating was present in upper- and middle-class home by thesecond half of the 19th century.But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling pointin a house or apartment.I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of fire.Fire was one of theearliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to eat and digest).Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a millionyears) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect ofhuman life.N.Books--especially books the average person could afford--haven't been around long enough toproduce evolutionary change in humans.But they have a powerfulhold on many people nonetheless,a hold extending far beyond their literary content.At their best, they are works of art and there is atactile (触觉的) pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions.The ability to quickly thumbthrough pages is also lost.And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling notdissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter's night.O.For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product thansome currently predict.Like swords, books have symbolic power.Like fireplaces, they induce a senseof comfort and warmth.And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful backup for when the lightsgo out.46.Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47.Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.48.The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49.Contrary to many people's prediction of itsdeath, the film industry survived.50.Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51.Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52.The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen.for centuries.53.A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.54.Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.55.A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage .is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal artsin higher education isn't an either/or proposition (命题), although the current emphasis on preparingyoung Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) -related fields can make it seem thatway.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but alsoasserts that the study of the humanities (人文科学) and social sciences must remain central componentsof America's educational system at all levels.Both areas are critical to producing citizens who canparticipate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative (创新的) leaders, and benefit fromthe spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates' jobprospects as technological advances and changes in domestic andglobal markets transform professions inways that reduce wages and cut jobs.Under these circumstances, it's natural to look for what mayappear to be the most“practical” way out of the problem:“Major in a subject designed to get you ajob” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in thehumanities characterized as“soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run.Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received abroadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, andcommunicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, asthere's little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play manydifferent roles over the course of their careers.The ones who will do the best in this new environmentwill be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible.The ability to draw upon everyavailable tool and .insight--picked up from science, arts, and technology--to solve the problems of thefuture, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and theUnited States.56.What does the latest congressional report suggest?A.STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B.The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C.The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students' spiritual life.D.Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.57.What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A.Their interest in relevant subjects.B.The academic value of the courses.C.The quality of education to receive.D.Their chances of getting a good job.58.What does the author say about the so-called soft subjects?A.They benefit students in their future life.B.They broaden students' range of interests.C.They improve students' communication skills.D.They are essential to students' healthy growth.59.What kind of job applicants do employers look for?A.Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.B.Those who are good at solving practical problems.C.Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D.Those who have received a well-rounded education.60.What advice does the author give to college students?A.Seize opportunities to tap their potential.B.Try to take a variety of practical courses.C.Prepare themselves for different job .options.D.Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Energy independence.It has a nice ring to it, doesn't it? If you think so, you're not alone, becauseenergy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades, and never more so than inthe past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off thegreat recession.“Energy independence” and its rhetorical(修辞的) companion “energy security', are, however, slipperyconcepts that are rarely thought through.What is it we want independence from, exactly?Most people would probably say that they want tobe independent from imported oil.But there arereasons that we buy all that off from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running.Yes, there is a trickle (涓涓细流)of biofuel (生物燃料) available, and more may become available, but most biofueis cause economic wasteand environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their Own oil.They value the environmental quality they preserve, over their off imports from abroad.Vast areas of theUnited States are off-limits to off exploration and production in the name of environmental protection.Towhat extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energyproduction in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade.It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buythings fromplaces that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit.And although you don't read about thismuch, the United States is also a large exporter of off products, selling about 2 million barrels ofpetroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies onthat steady flow to maintain its economy.When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in shortsupplies and higher prices.At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy themost affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.61.What does the author say about energy independence for America?A.It sounds very attractive.B.It ensures national security.C.It will bring oil prices down.D.It has long been everyone's dream.62.What does the author think of biofuels?A.They keep America's economy running healthily.B.They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.C.They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.D.They cause serious damage to the environment63.Why does America rely heavily on off imports?A.It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B.Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.C.It wants to keep its own environment intact.D.Its own oil production falls short of demand.64.What does the author say about oil trade?A.It proves profitable to both sides.B.It improves economic efficiency.C.It makes for economic prosperity.D.It saves the cost of oil exploration.65.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A.To justify America's dependence on oil imports.B.To arouse Americans' awareness of the energy crisis.C.To stress the importance of energy conservation.D.To explain the increase of international oil trade.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设旋和加强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education).这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使l6万多所中小学受益.资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材.现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课.一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读.试题答案一、写作If l were to recommend the must-see city for a visitor to China．1 would undoubtedly come up with“Beijing”．Several reasons may account for my choice．First，as the capital city of China for over 700 years，Beijing is blessed with numerous tourist destinations of tremendous historical importance．These include the Great Wall，a famous line of defense；the Forbidden City，an enormous palace compound；the Temple of Heaven，a fascinating site of imperial worship；the Summer Palace，a wonderful imperial garden etc．Second，standing side by side with those brilliant symbols of the imperial past are artistic modern buildtngs such as the olympic Village，the Bird’S Nest Stadium and the Water Cube，as well as the characteristic Siheyuans and Hutongs，the very windows to Betjin9’S old ways of life．Third，home to Bering opera--a well-known traditional form of+art treasure--and thefamousspecialty PekingRoast Duck，Bering is ready to entertain any traveler’S eyes，ears and stomach．To summarize，Beijing is a city that a visitor to China should not miss．二、选择1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.D7.C8.B9.A 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.C三、运用26.well-meanin927.adjusting to28.aware ofpetition30.Accustomed31.gently32.threaten33．cut off34.identification35.adults。
2019英语专业四级听力
2019英语专业四级听力英文回答：Listening Comprehension.Passage 1。
This passage is about the history of the English language. The English language has a long and complex history, dating back to the 5th century AD. It is a West Germanic language that originated from the dialects spoken by the Anglo-Saxon tribes who inhabited the British Isles. Over time, the language has been influenced by a variety of factors, including the Norman Conquest in 1066, which brought French words into the language, and the Industrial Revolution, which saw the rise of new technical and scientific terms. Today, English is a global language, spoken by an estimated 1.5 billion people around the world.Passage 2。
This passage is about the different dialects of English spoken around the world. There are many different dialectsof English spoken around the world, each with its ownunique features. Some of the most well-known dialectsinclude Standard American English, British English, Australian English, and Indian English. However, there are also many other dialects spoken in countries such as Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and Nigeria. The differences between these dialects can be quite significant, ranging from differences in pronunciation and vocabulary to differences in grammar and syntax.Passage 3。
2019年06月英语四级听力真题(二)
2019年06月英语四级听力真题College English Test Band 4大学英语考试（四级）PART II Listening Comprehension第二部分：听力考试Section A Directions:A 部分In this section, you will hear three news reports, at the end of each news report, you will heartwo or three questions. Both the news reports and the questions will be spoken only once.考试说明：在这一部分，你将听到三篇新闻报道。
每篇新闻的结尾，会有两到三个问题。
新闻和问题只读一遍。
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.听到问题后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Then, mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.然后在答题纸1上相应的字母中间划上横线（涂满）。
News report 1新闻一France is facing potentially more than one billion dollars in lost revenue this year, due to huge declines in tourism.由于旅游业的大幅下滑，法国今年可能面临超过10亿美元的收入损失。
Safety concerns have been one of the biggest reasons why the country has lost over half abillion in revenue already in the first six months of 2016.在2016年的前六个月里，安全问题已成为该国损失超过5亿美元收入的最大原因之一。
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题精解
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题精解(第一套)(总81页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）音频Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words._________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _______________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section， you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B) He celebrated the ninth birthday on a small island.C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.2. A) He doubled the reward.B) He cheered him on all the way.C) He set him an example.D) He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) To end the one-child policy.B) To encourage late marriage.C) To increase working efficiency.D) To give people more time to travel.4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B) They will help to popularize early marriage.C) They will boost China’s economic growth.D) They will not come into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.B) It leaves the house in a mess.C) It makes party goers exhausted.D) It creates noise and misconduct.7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.B) Visit the US and Canada.C) Settle a legal dispute.D) Expand their business.Section BDirections: In this section， you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation， you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He had a driving lesson.B) He got his driver’s license.C) He took the driver’s theory exam.D) He passed the driver’s road test.9. A) He was not well prepared.B) He did not get to the exam in time.C) He was not used to the test format.D) He did not follow the test procedure.10. A) They are tough.B) They are costly.C) They are helpful.D) They are too short.11. A) Pass his road test the first time.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.C) Find an experienced driving instructor.D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Where the woman studies.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.C) Leeds’ tuition for international students.D) How to apply for studies at a university.13. A) Apply to an American university.B) Do research on higher education.C) Perform in a famous musical.D) Pursue postgraduate studies.14. A) His favorable recommendations.B) His outstanding musical talent.C) His academic excellence.D) His unique experience.15. A) Do a master’s degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections: In this section， you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people’s homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.18. A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older.20. A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.21. A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients’ immune system.C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school’s chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2，000 miles away. It has 26from Detroit to Silicon Valley， where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit， Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country， if not the world， to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan’s 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can’t let that happen，” says Senator Mike Kowall， the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written， they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips，and even set up on-demand 33 of self-driving cars， like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 34， California，home of Silicon Valley， recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel， and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.A) bidB) contrastC) deputyD) dominanceE) fleetsF) knotsG) legislationH) migratedI) replaceJ) representK) restrictiveL) rewardM) significantN) sponsorO) transmittedSection BDirections: In this section， you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72，000 centenarians(百岁老人). Worldwide， probably 450，000. If current trends continue， then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers， 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK， Germany， France， Italy and Canada， and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B) Understandably， there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real， and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity(长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life， not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer， and are healthier for longer， then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer， they are not only older for longer， but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period， then you are in some sense younger for longer.D) But the changes go further than that. Take， for instance， the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house，getting married， having children， or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962， 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014， that milestone(里程碑) had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts， one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer， then options become more valuable， and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed， and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement， and not only for financial reasons. Yes， unless people are prepared to save a lot more， our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s，then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s， there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65， over thirty years of potentialinactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life， but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills， vitality， happiness， and friendship.H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education， administered in childhood and early adulthood， will be able to support a sustained， 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change， either your skills will become unnecessary， or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will， at some point in their life， have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely， then， that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two， three， or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement， in another on creating a better work/life balance， still another on exploring and understanding options more fully， or becoming an independent producer， yet another on making a socialcontribution. These stages will span sectors， take people to different cities， and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals(休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health， re-invest in their relationships， or improve their skills. At times， these breaks and transitions will be self-determined， at others they will be forced as existing roles， firms， or industries cease to exist.K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career， but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions， while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware， investing in broader networks of friends， and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life， people leave university at the same time and the same age， they tend to start their careers andfamily at the same age， they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time， and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life， you could be an undergraduate at 20， 40， or 60; a manager at 30， 50， or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N) Current life structures， career paths， educational choices，and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education， followed by continuous work， and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents， but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer， being older later， and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one’s career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays， many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan， young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow(誓约)， couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce，” said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2，717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview， at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset(发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that， overall， 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence ofnew chronic(慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well， with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness，” Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed， and if they’re the ones who become ill， they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill， Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses，” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets， especially in older ages， divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population， Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages，” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorcemay be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples’ relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.D) Making men pay for their wives’ health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children， you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you Did it mean she loved you lessProbably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on， misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive(认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study， published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition， found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children，siblings， friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake， says psychologist David Rubin，“but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group， misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds， like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1，700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects aboutincidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren， friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general， the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often， but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also， mothers may call on their children more often than fathers， given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated， tired or angry.51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?A) It is related to the way our memories work.B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1，700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
大学英语2019年6月四级真题第1套(1)
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of thepicture and then comment on the kid’s understanding of going to school.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questionswill be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through thecentre.1. A) He will give the woman some tips on the game.B) The woman has good reason to quit the game.C) He is willing to play chess with the woman.D) The woman should go on playing chess.2. A) The man can forward the mail to Mary.B) She can call Mary to take care of the mail.C) Mary probably knows Sally’s new address.D) She would like to resume contact with Sally.3. A) His handwriting has a unique style.B) His notes are not easy to read.C) He did not attend today’s class.D) He is very pleased to be able to help.4. A) The man had better choose another restaurant.B) The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.C) The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.D) The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5. A) He has been looking forward to spring.B) He has been waiting for the winter sale.C) He will clean the woman’s boots for spring.D) He will help the woman put things away.6. A) The woman is rather forgetful.B) The man appreciates the woman’s help.C) The man often lends books to the woman.D) The woman often works overtime at weekends.7. A) Go to work on foot.B) Take a sightseeing trip.C) Start work earlier than usual.D) Take a walk when the weather is nice.8. A) The plane is going to land at another airport.B) All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.C) Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation.D. The airport’s management is in real need of improvement.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) It specializes in safety from leaks.B) It is headquartered in London.C) It has a partnership with LCP.D) It has a chemical processing plant.10. A) He is Mr. Grand’s friend.B) He is a safety inspector.C) He is a salesman.D) He is a chemist.11. A) Director of the safety department.B) Mr. Grand’s personal assistant.C) Head of the personnel department.D) The public relations officer.12. A) Wait for Mr. Grand to call back.B) Leave a message for Mr. Grand.C) Provide details of their products and services.D) Send a comprehensive description of their work.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.B) She dreamed of working and living in a European country.C) She read a lot about European musicians and their music.D) She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.14. A) She began taking violin lessons as a small child.B) She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.C) She gave her first performance with her father.D) She became a professional violinist at fifteen.15. A) It gave her a chance to explore the city.B) It was the chance of a lifetime.C) It was a great challenge to her.D) It helped her learn classical French music.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) There are mysterious stories behind his works.B) There are many misunderstandings about him.C) His works have no match worldwide.D) His personal history is little known.17. A) He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.B) He failed to go beyond grammar school.C) He was a member of the town council.D) He once worked in a well-known acting company.18. A) Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.B) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.C) His works were adapted beyond recognition.D) People of his time had little interest in him.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Theft.B) Cheating.C) Air crash.D) Road accidents.20. A) Learn the local customs.B) Make hotel reservations.C) Book tickets well in advance.D) Have the right documents.21. A) Contact your agent.B) Get a lift if possible.C) Use official transport.D) Have a friend meet you.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Cut down production cost.B) Sell inexpensive products.C) Specialise in gold ornaments.D) Refine the taste of his goods.23. A) At a national press conference.B) During a live television interview.C) During a local sales promotion campaign.D) At a meeting of top British business people.24. A) Insulted.B) Puzzled.C) Distressed.D) Discouraged.25. A) The words of some business people are just rubbish.B) He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.C) There should be a limit to one’s sense of humour.D) He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill inthe blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when thepassage is read for the third time, you should check what you havewritten.Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very well. Yet economic indicators show the world is 26 . Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the 27 . The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created. How can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that 29 progress and those uses that will hurt it. The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). 30 , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment. Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output. For some time, this seemed to work 32 well, but serious weaknesses are now appearing. As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not 33 the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.This basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national economic health. According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their forests. The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 35 the forests.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage: Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words inthe bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.“All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ,”U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said. “Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation’s teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high-minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most.”Today’s announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama’s year of action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast Food[A] Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts regularlycriticise them severely for selling food that makes people fat. Critics even complain that McDonald’s, whose logo symbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.[B] Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cutspending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such “trading down” proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.[C] As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their moreexpensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonald’s, the world’s largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn. Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.[D] But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as BurgerKing, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl’s Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald’s, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.[E] Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to givecustomers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy did not work. Last year Burger King franchisees(特许经营人) sued(起诉) the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for $1 when they cost $1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its “value menu” now account for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October.[F] Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But thedownturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱) consumers away from $1 specials. KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launcheda chicken sandwich that costs around $5. And in May Burger King introducedbarbecue (烧烤) pork ribs at $7 for eight.[G] Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, includingdrinks. McDonald’s started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle’s Best coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.[H] As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, they need to keepcustomer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald’s will start selling porridge (粥) in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, “we can sell to consumers products they want all day,”says Rick Carucci, the chief financial officer of Yum! Brands.[I] But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverlyavoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doingsomething about helping to fight obesity(肥胖症). These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who don’t want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.[J] In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough. “Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now,”says Mr. Palmer of UBS. America’s health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunkin Donuts outlet was nearby—a sign, it is said, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.[K] In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to continue innovating(创新). Walt Riker of McDonald’s claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago. “We probably sell more vegetables, more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world,” he says. But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald’s from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals”, because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there is a lot more left to do.46. Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald’s from attaching toys to itsfood specials for children.47. Fast-food firms may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in thenear future.48. Burger King will start to sell Seattle’s Best coffee to increase sales.49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helpingto tackle the obesity problem.50. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52. During the recession, Burger King’s promotional strategy of offering low-priceditems often proved ineffective.53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducinghigher-priced items.55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of whatthey serve on the menu.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜) keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week’s Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas (黑瘤) and delays their occurrence, it can’t prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn’t have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it’s not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don’t use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上) sunscreen and slap on a hat.56. What is people’s common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A) It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B) It will protect them from sunburn.C) It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D) It will work for people of any skin color.57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A) It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B) It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C) It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D) It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A) Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B) High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C) Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D) Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?A) It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B) It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C) It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D) It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?A) Using both covering up and sunscreen.B) Staying in the shade whenever possible.C) Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D) Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(长寿) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management know how to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A) Younger people are replacing the elderly.B) Well-educated people tend to work longer.C) Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D) People with no college degree do not easily find work.62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A) Longer life expectancies.B) A rapid technological advance.C) Profound changes in the workforce.D) A growing number of the well-educated.63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A) Economic growth will slow down.B) Government budgets will increase.C) More people will try to pursue higher education.D) There will be more competition in the job market.64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A) Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B) More people have to receive in-service training.C) Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D) People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?A) Computers will do more complicated work.B) More will be taken by the educated young.C) Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题精解第一套word文档良心出品
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）音频Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words._____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section，you will hear three news reports. At the you will hear two or three questions. Both the，end of each news reportnews report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B) He celebrated the ninth birthday on a small island.C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.2. A) He doubled the reward.B) He cheered him on all the way.C) He set him an example.D) He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) To end the one-child policy.B) To encourage late marriage.C) To increase working efficiency.D) To give people more time to travel.4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B) They will help to popularize early marriage.C) They will boost China's economic growth.D) They will not come into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.B) It leaves the house in a mess.C) It makes party goers exhausted.D) It creates noise and misconduct.7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.B) Visit the US and Canada.C) Settle a legal dispute.D) Expand their business.Section BDirections: In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He had a driving lesson.B) He got his driver's license.C) He took the driver's theory exam.s road test.'D) He passed the driver9. A) He was not well prepared.B) He did not get to the exam in time.C) He was not used to the test format.D) He did not follow the test procedure.10. A) They are tough.B) They are costly.C) They are helpful.D) They are too short.11. A) Pass his road test the first time.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.C) Find an experienced driving instructor.D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Where the woman studies.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.C) Leeds' tuition for international students.D) How to apply for studies at a university.13. A) Apply to an American university.B) Do research on higher education.C) Perform in a famous musical.D) Pursue postgraduate studies.14. A) His favorable recommendations.B) His outstanding musical talent.C) His academic excellence.D) His unique experience.15. A) Do a master's degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections: In this section，you will hear three passages. At the endof each passage，you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with asingle line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people's homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.18. A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people's immune system as they get older.20. A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.21. A) Strengthening people's immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients' immune system.C) Helping improve old people's health conditions.medical expenses.'D) Further reducing old patientsQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school's chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. Youare required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The center of American automobile innovation has in the pastdecade moved 2，000 miles away. It has 26from Detroit to Silicon Valley，where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit，Michigan lawmakershave introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country，if not the world，to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan's 29 in auto research and development is under attackfrom several states and countries which desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen，”says Senator Mike Kowall，the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written，they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips，and even set up on-demand 33 of self-driving cars，like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 34，California，home of Silicon Valley，recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel，and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.A) bidB) contrastC) deputyD) dominanceE) fleetsF) knotsG) legislationH) migratedI) replaceJ) representK) restrictiveL) rewardM) significantN) sponsorO) transmittedSection BDirections: In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72，000 centenarians(百岁老人). Worldwide，probably 450，000. If current trends continue，then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers，50% of babiesborn in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK，Germany，France，Italy and Canada，and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B) Understandably，there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real，and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity(长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life，not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer，and arethen this will result in an inevitable redesign of，healthier for longerwork and life. When people live longer，they are not only older for longer，but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60”or “40 the new 30.”If you age more slowly over a longer time period，then you are in some sense younger for longer.D) But the changes go further than that. T ake，for instance，the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house，getting married，having children，or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962，50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014，that milestone(里程碑) had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts，one factoris surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer，then options become more valuable，and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed，and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement，and not onlyfor financial reasons. Yes，unless people are prepared to save a lot，our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s ，morethen you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s，there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65，over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work maysecure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life，but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills，vitality，happiness，and friendship.H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shotof education，administered in childhood and early adulthood，will be able to support a sustained，60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change，either your skills will become unnecessary，or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will，at some point in their life，have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely，then，that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two，three，or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. Inone the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement，in another on creating a better work/life balance，still another on exploring and understanding options more fully，or becoming an independent producer，yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors，take people to different cities，and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills. J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals(休假)as people find time to rest and recharge their health，re-invest in theirrelationships，or improve their skills. At times，these breaks and transitions will be self-determined，at others they will be forced as existing roles，firms，or industries cease to exist.K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career，but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions，while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware，investing in broader networks of friends，and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life，people leave university at the same time and the same age，they tend to start their careers and family at the same age，they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time，and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life，you could be an undergraduate at 20，40，or 60; a manager at 30，50，or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N) Current life structures，career paths，educational choices，and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education，followed by continuous work，and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents，but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer，being older later，and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one's career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays，many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan，young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by themid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one toconstantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in amulti-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrangetheir work and life.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow(誓约)，couples promise to stay togetherin sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition mayfind themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while alsoexperiencing the stress of divorce，”said researcher Amelia Karraker. Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2，717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview，at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset(发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that，overall，31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic(慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well，with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-upin the face of illness，”Karraker said. “They're more likely to be widowed，and if they're the ones who become ill，they're more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wivesbut not husbands become seriously ill，Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses，”Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets，especially in older ages，divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population，Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages，”she said. “But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find aboutelderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples' relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.D) Making men pay for their wives' health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children，you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling's(兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topichead-on，misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive(认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study，published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition，found that the “wrong”name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children，siblings，friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake，says psychologist David Rubin，“but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group.”The study also found that within that group，misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds，like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1，700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others weredone with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren，friends and siblings buthardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general，the study found that undergraduates were almost aslikely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often，but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also，mothers may call on their children more often than fathers，given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated，tired or angry.51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?A) It is related to the way our memories work.B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1，700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题及详解(第一套)【圣才出品】
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题及详解（第一套）Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your StudentUnion. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.【参考范文】A Visit to New Hope Farm Opens Students’ EyesApril 1st, 2019, organized by the Student Union, 50 students visited New Hope Farm, the biggest farm in our town.Wheat and corn are planted in different areas of New Hope farm, and it also has a vast green pasture land to sustain herds of dairy cows to produce milk and dairy products. This is the first time, for most of our students, to see such a grand farmland with their own eyes, and they are deeply impressed by the wide use of modern agricultural technology. The farm has already mechanized most of the once toiling farm work. For instance, herbicide and pesticide are spread by drones instead of farmers, and the harvest of wheat is now done by machines. Amanda, a student from the Department of Agronomy, said she was happy to see the automotive operation of farming, which is highly efficient.From this visit, students get a deepened understanding of modern farming. It is a valuable experience for them regardless of whether they will enter the agriculturalindustry or not.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.【答案】A【解析】录音提到，一位来自加利福尼亚的九岁男孩不顾冰冷的海水，从旧金山游泳到了恶魔岛并返回，从而成为了达成这一游程的最年轻的游泳者。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题及解析(第三套)
2019年6月大学英语四级真题及解析（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 80 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)说明：由于2019年6月四级考试听力一共有两套，第一和第二套已经分别列举了。
本套听力选取内容与第一套相同。
Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.【听力原文】News Report One九岁男孩泳渡恶魔岛创纪录A 9-vear-old Central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back.A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison. The TV station reported that by completing the swim, the fourth-grade student from Los Banos broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy.James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up. His father said he had offered his son $ 100 as a reward; to encourage his struggling son, he doubled it to $ 200.James pushed forward, making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than two hours. Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland. Questions I and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A. He visited a prison located on a faraway island.B. He swam around an island near San Francisco.C. He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.D. He set a record by swimming to and from an island.2. A. He set him an example. B. He doubled the reward.C. He had the event covered on TV.D. He cheered him on all the way.【听力原文】News Report Two晚婚假取消On 1 January, new regulations will come into effect which eliminate an annual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the age of 23 for women and 25 for men, the South China morning post reports.The holiday bonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married in linewith China's one-child policy. But with that policy now being abolished，this holiday incentive is no longer necessary, the government says.In Shanghai，a young couple at a marriage registration office told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the existing policy because an extra holiday was a big deal for them. In Beijing，one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced. rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80.But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time. So people who are rushing to register for marriage can relax. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A. To give people more time to travel.B. To increase working efficiency.C. To encourage late marriage.D. To end the one-child policy4. A. They will not come into immediate effect.B. They will boost China's economic growth.C. They will help to popularize early marriage.D. They will not be welcomed by young people.【听力原文】News Report Three醉后清晨女佣服务公司Everyone loves a good house party，but the cleaning-up the next morning isn't as enjoyable. Now, however, a New Zealand-based startup company aims to bring messy homes-and even splitting headaches-back to normal.The properly named startup Morning-After Maids, was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst. Aside from cleaning-up，he two will also cook breakfast，and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they are both gainfully employed，they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends，which is when their service is in most demand anyway.Besides being flooded with requests from across the country, Foley and Ashurst have also received requests from the U.S. and Canada to provide services there. They are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A. Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B. A new company to clean up the mess after parties.C. Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.D. Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends6. A. It leaves the house in a mess.B. It takes a lot of time to prepare.C. It makes party goers exhausted.D. It creates noise and misconduct.7. A. Visit the U.S. and Canada.B. Hire an Australian lawyer.C. Expand their business.D. Settle a legal dispute.Section B ConversationDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1with a single line through the centre.【听力原文】Conversation One驾照考试W: Kyle, how did your driver's theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?M: Yes, I prepared as much as I could，but I was so nervous since it was my second try. The people who worked at the test center were very kind though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit, and that was just what I needed. Then, after the exam, they printed out my result, but I was afraid to open it until I was outside, it was such a relief to pass.W: Congratulations. I knew you could do it! I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn't you? I hear a lot of people make that mistake and go in underprepared. But good job in passing the second time. I'm so proud of you. Now all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?M: Yes，thanks，I'm so happy to be actually on the road now. I've only had two driving lessons so far, and my instructor is very understanding, so I'm really enjoying it. And I can't wait for my next session. Although the lessons are rather expensive, 20pounds an hour，and the instructor says I'll need about 30 to 40 lessons in total that's what-six to eight hundred pounds. So this time I'll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully will be successful the first time.W: Well, good luck.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A. He passed the driver's road test.B. He took the driver's theory exam.C. He got his driver's license.D. He had a driving lesson.9. A. He was not well prepared.B. He was not used to the test formatC. He did not get to the exam in time.D. He did not follow the test procedure.10. A. They are too short. B. They are tough.C. They are costly.D. They are helpful.11. A. Earn enough money for driving lessons.B. Find an experienced driving instructor.C. Test-drive a few times on highways.D. Pass his road test the first time.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.【听力原文】Conversation Two去英国读书M: Emma，I got accepted to the University of Leeds. Since you're going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?W: Congratulations. Yes, I believe for international students you'll have to pay around thirteen thousand pounds a year. It's just a bit more than the local students.M: OK. So that's about seventeen thousand dollars for the tuition and fees. Anyway I'm only going to be there for a year, doing my master's. So it's pretty good. If I stayed in the US, it'd take two years and cost at least fifty thousand dollars in tuition alone. Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds which would be pretty awesome. The benefits of being a music genius.W: Yeah. I heard you're a talented piano player. So you're doing a postgraduate degree now. I'm still in my last year, graduating next June. Finally I'll be done with my studies and could go on to earning loads of money.M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then.12. A. The acceptance rate at Leeds. B. Where the woman studies.C. How to apply for studies at a university.D. Leed's tuition for international students.13. A. Pursue postgraduate studies. B. Do research on higher education.C. Apply to an American university.D. Perform in a famous musical14. A. His unique experience. B. His academic excellence.C. His outstanding musical talent.D. His favorable recommendations.15. A. Travel widely. B. Teach overseas.C. Do a master's degree.D. Settle down in England.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.【听力原文】Passage One预防蚁害Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world-and only a few of them bug humans.Most ants live in the woods or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground.A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control.They are small enough to easily slip inside your house, live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in，and hard to kick out.Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home structure, while others interfere with electrical units.Unfortunately, our homes are very attractive to ants, because they provide everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water, and shelter so how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes?Most important of all，avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food, because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur and store food in airtight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible, and store your outside garbage in a lidded can, well away from doors and windows.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Many species remain unknown to scientists.B. Only a few species cause trouble to humans.C. They help farmers keep diseases in check.D. They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. A. They like to form colonies in electrical units.B. They can survive a long time without water.C. They can cause damage to people's homes.D. They are larger than many other species.18. A. Refrain from eating sugary food. B. Destroy their colonies close by.C. Keep doors and windows shut.D. Deny them access to any food.【听力原文】Passage Two改善老年人健康状况My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses and from auto-immune diseases.We know that as we get older，it's easier for us to get infections. So older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn't function so well when we age.In most of our work when we're looking at older adults who've got an illness，we always have to have healthy controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called "The 1000 Elders". These volunteers are all 65 or over but in good health. They come to the university to provide us with blood samples, to be interviewed, and to help us carry out a whole range of research.The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment we’reliving much longer. Life expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade. That means an extra five hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age and that they're not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak. We want people to be healthy even when they are old.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. The function of the human immune system.B. The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C. The change in people's immune system as they get older.D. The viruses that may infect the human immune system.20. A. Offer blood samples. B. Help to interview patients.C. Act as research assistants.D. Report their illnesses.21. A. Strengthening people's immunity to infection.B. Better understanding patients' immune system.C. Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.D. Helping improve old people's health conditions.【听力原文】Passage Three基利普小学的象棋队When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Killip Elementary，he didn't know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. He noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kids would get together to play chess."I know how to play chess. Let me go and show these kids how to do it，"he saidNow Komada coaches the school's chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school.And this week，dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville Tennessee to compete with about 5000 other young people at the Super Nationals of chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation.Komada says chess gives him and his students control. The school has the highest number of kids from low income families. Police frequent the area day and night，as two months ago, a young man was shot just down the street.Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons prove valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A. A group of kids were playing chess after school.B. His students were struggling to follow his lessons.C. A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.D. His students had trouble getting on with each other.23. A. Join the school's chess team.B. Visit a chess team in Nashville.C. Receive training for a chess competition.D. Participate in a national chess competition.24. A. Many have become national chess champions.B. Most of them come from low-income families.C. A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D. Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. A. Think twice before taking action. B. Actions speak louder than words.C. Take action before it gets too late.D. Translate their words into action.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passageShips are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs（暗礁）perfect for scuba diving（水肺式潜泳）and preserving marine 26 .Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldn't normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300.The hollowed-out A300 was 27 of everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane 28 the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new underwater attraction will bring tourists to the area.The plane 29 a total length of 54 meters，where experienced scuba divers will 30 be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane's 31 Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US $100，000，but they hope to see a return on that 32 through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the 33 of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest 34 sunk aircraft ever.Taking a trip underwater and 35 the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver's paradise（天堂）.A. createB. depressedC. eventuallyD. experiencesE. exploringF. exteriorG. habitatsH. innovateI. intentionallyJ. investmentK. revealing L. stretches M. stripped N. territory O. victimSection BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraphmore than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter：Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) We've always been a hands-on, do it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America'sfounding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.B) Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't really anexception when it comes to American making and creativity.C) The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valleygrew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members-including guys named Jobs and Wozniak-started making and inventing things they couldn't buy.D) So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and someschools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.E) These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educationalfunction. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you, re learning to do.F) Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despitebeing old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It's not necessarily an efficient way to learn We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world of textbooks. It's not the world of testing.G) Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown inpopularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning is not making Although there is a connection，there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it's assigned by a teacher.We'll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X.Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project-based learning.H) I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head-or you just borrowit from someone-and begin to develop it, repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others.I'm interested in how these things are expressions of that person，theirideas，and their interactions with the world.I) In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize（使变得无足轻重）making. Thething that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the; textbook，you throw away the pipe cleaners, the straws, the cardboard tubes.J) Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It doesn't have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It's to let them be in control and to drive the car K）Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment，where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn't the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.L) The teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes，to people, it sounds like this is a diminished role for teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're creating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it's the human behaviors you're looking at. Are they engaged? Are they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling（受挫）? Do they need something that they don't have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?M) My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enables us to be good learners. It's not the knowledge that is valuable: it's the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able. over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems-problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.N) If teachers keep it form-free and student-led. it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit t together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, "This is science, over here is history." I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning?O) I feel like this is a shift away from a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It's still in its early stages, but I think it's shifting around not what kids learn, but how they learn.36. A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests37. The teachers, role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate duringthe process.38. Coming up with an idea of one's own or improving one from others is key to the concept ofmaking.39. Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.40. America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.41. Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge.42. Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.43. The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.44. The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.45. Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make somethingmeaningless to them based on textbooks.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time to unlearn that training-this summer, a group of culture addicts，artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor's Island.The project is called Writing On It All, and it's a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor's Island every summer since 2013."Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons，or they just kind of happen to be there, " Alexandra Chasin, artistic director of Writing On It All, tells Smithsonian, com.The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers. Each session has a theme, and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile.Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. Now known as "New York's shared space for art and play." the island, which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay, is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flock for festivals. Picnics, adventures, as well as these "legal graffiti（涂鸦）" sessions.The notes and art scribbled（涂画）on the walls are an experiment in self-expression. So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85.Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her."One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls." says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of those killed because of it."People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages."46. What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do?。
2019年大学生英语四级真题解析六套全高清版
2019年⼤学⽣英语四级真题解析六套全⾼清版2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第1套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) On a volunteer activity held by our Student Union,35students paid a visit to theZhongxin Commu-nity and helped the elderly people in the neighborhood this Friday.Social isolation and loneliness among older adults is a serious problem and has been exacerbated as an increasing number of young people choose to leave home and work in big cities.Hence,older adults may be at highest risk for becoming socially isolated during the period when they live alone.For this rea-son,the volunteers taught older adults to grasp the knowledge about social media such as Wechat and QQ,through which they can communicate with their families.What s more,many elders just want someone to talk to,which is especially true if they live alone.The volunteers also spent much time with the senior,talking and making them feel loved and cared for.In conclusion,aging can be a difficult time for many people:they may feel lonely,have financial stress or medicalissues.However,the volunteers in our school have made their own contribution,by ai-ding them with basic tasks and boosting their spirits.PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5AABDC6-10BDCAB11-15ACDBD16-20CBADB21-25CDCABPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30HAGDI31-35NJEBKSection B36-40IGDNA41-45KHFMCSection CPassage One46-50ABBACPassage Two51-55BADDCPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?Boasting a history of more than2,000years,paper cutting is a unique form of Chinese folk arts.It was probably originated from the Han Dynasty after the invention of paper.Since then,it has gained pop-ularity in many parts of China.The materials and tools used for paper-cutting are simple:paper and scis-sors.Red paper is usually used in paper-cut works,because the color is associated with happiness in tra-ditional Chinese culture.Therefore,red paper-cut is a preferable decoration for doors and windows in wedding ceremonies,the Spring Festival and other festive occasions.2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第2套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) On a volunteer activity held by our Student Union,30students majoring in Agricultural Studies paid a visit to the local farm in the northeast part of Jilin province and gave a hand to the farmers there on June 15th.As Jilin province suffers a record drought these days,a large part of the surface of the farm is arid. Hence,the volunteers helped the farmers by irrigating the crops such as cucumbers,tomatoes,cabbages, etc.What s more,these volunteers also taught the local farmers how to take care of the domestic animals by using different strategies and responses as rising temperatures also make them tough.The farmers ex-pressed their gratitude for the volunteers help and spoke highly of capabilities and the virtues shown by the volunteers.In conclusion,without fearing any hardship,all the volunteers have displayed the spirit of hardwork-ing and interdependence in the activity.After experiencing a meaningful day,they not only made their own contributions to the local farm but also have applied what they have learned into practice. PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5BDCAD6-10BDDCB11-15ABCDA16-20CDBAB21-25ADCABPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30GMALC31-35FJOIESection B36-40ELHFA41-45JGNDISection CPassage One46-50CDDDDPassage Two51-55ACABDPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?With a history of over2,000years,lion dancing is a form of traditional folk art in China.During the dancing,two lion dancers perform inside of a lion costume,with one controlling head while the other controlling the body and tail.They mimic a lion s movements in a lion costume with skillful coopera-tion.People perform lion dances during the Spring Festival or other festivals because in the Chinese cul-ture,the lion,king of animals,symbolizes happiness and fortune.Lion dancing can also be seen on many other important occasions such as the opening ceremony of a shop and the wedding ceremony to of-ten attract many people.2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第3套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Last Tuesday,a group of volunteers of our university actively attended the visit to a Hope elementa-ry school,which was organized by the Student Union and aimed to send donations and care to the chil-dren in the poverty-stricken area.In the morning,the lovely children extended warm welcome to our volunteers.Upon arriving at the elementaryschool,volunteers could not wait to donate the books,stationeries and clothes collected a-mong students within our university before the visit.Pupils there were especially excited to receive the books to which they had no access before.Then,the rest of day was filled with recreational activities. They played games,sang songs and danced,spending a happy day together.The voluntary visit was really significant.Not only did it enrich the university life but also the vol-unteers made contributions to the society.More voluntary activities can be organized in the future. PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes)说明:由于2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听⼒三本套的听⼒内容与第⼆套的⼀样,只是选项次序不⼀样,因此本套真题中不再重复出现三PartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30CIKJA31-35BOGFMSection B36-40HEGBK41-45FIHJGSection CPassage One46-50DCCDAPassage Two51-55BCABDPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?Lanterns originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and were originally mainly usedfor lighting.In the Tang Dynasty,people used red lanterns to celebrate a peaceful life.From then on,lanterns had become popular in many places of/doc/bf2042082.htmlnterns are usually made of thin paper with bright colors and have dif-ferent shapes and sizes.In traditional Chinese culture,red lanterns symbolize happy life and booming business and are usually hung up during festivals,such as Spring Festival,Lantern Festival and National Day.Nowadays,red lanterns can also be seen in many places of the world.2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第1套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Dear John,How is everything going?Hearing that you plan to learn Chinese,I am writing to you to recommend a university where you can learn Chinese well.What I want to recommend is Peking University which is a prestigious university suitable for language learning in China.The reasons why I recommend this university are as follows.To start with,as a famous university, Peking University owns the top-ranking teachers and the best facilities and is able to provide you with professional guidance and systematic training in Chinese learning.In addition,located in the capital of China,Peking University is surrounded with the strong historical and cultural atmosphere.Therefore,not only can you experience the profound Chinese culture,but also you will get in touch with those who speak the most standard Mandarin.In a word,I recommend you to learn Chinese at Peking University and welcome you to have a visit to Beijing.I will offer help if you need.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Ming PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5ADBCD6-10ACCAB11-15ACDAB16-20DBABD21-25ACBCAPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30BMICK31-35LOGEJSection B36-40EICGK41-45FBJDHSection CPassage One46-50BCADCPassage Two51-55CBBADPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?China s family values are related to its cultural traditions.A harmonious family used to be the envy of other people.In the past,it was not rare that a family of four generations live under one roof.Because of this heritage,many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage.However,this tra-dition is changing today.With the improvement of housing conditions,a growing number of young cou-ples choose to live separately from their parents but their connection remains close.Many seniors still help look after their grandchildren and young couples also take time to visit their parents,especially dur-ing important festivals such as the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第2套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Dear James,With China s growing influence around the world,the number of people learning Chinese as a sec-ond foreign language has also surged in these years.I heard that you have been extremely keen on learn-ing Chinese recently but have encountered certain setbacks in the process of learning.Therefore,I would like to recommend a place for you to learn Chinese:the LondonConfucius Institute.There are three reasons for this recommendation.First,the London Confucius Institute possesses top teaching resources.As one of the earliest established Confucius Institutes in the UK,it provides a wide range of courses covering both language training and Chinese culture appreciation.Second,it offers mul-tiple scholarship programs for outstanding students.Third,it is close to where you live.If you take sub-way,you can get to the London Confucius Institute in just20minutes.I think the London Confucius Institute is a perfect place for you to embark on the journey of learning Chinese.If you are interested,you can go there and check it out yourself.Good luck with learning Chi-nese!Sincerely,Li Hua PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5DDBCA6-10ABCCA11-15BDACB16-20CDACB21-25DDABCPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30OADCG31-35HKNEFSection B36-40EIBGD41-45JAFCHSection CPassage One46-50CDACBPassage Two51-55DADCBPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?The full name of China s Han people consists of a family name and a given name.One feature of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first,followed by the given name.For thousands of years,the father s family name has been passed on from generation to generation.However,it is not uncommon now for a child to have the mother s familyname.Generally speaking,a given name con-tains one or two Chinese characters,which usually carry the parents expectations for the child.There-fore,it can be inferred from the name what kind of person the parents expect their child to be,or what kind of life to live.Parents attach great importance to naming their children because names usually go with them for a whole life.2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第3套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Dear Tom,I am glad to receive your letter in which you showed great interest in teaching English in China.Ac-tually,China is fast becoming a hub of English learners and in my opinion teaching English in Shanghai should be your next move.To begin with,you can have a fun-filled and satisfying life by teaching Chinese students in Shang-hai.Parents in Shanghai are more than willing to pay handsomely for their children s adequate language proficiency that can help them in getting higher education in international universities.What s more, Shanghai is a city rich in spectacular views and longhistory,blending Western and Eastern traditions, and being infused with modern culture and arts.Outside the classroom,you ll be able to fully immerse yourself in exploring the city.Whether you wish to see the impressive wooden pagodas or the ancient towns,to sample the aromatic cuisine or to meet the friendly locals,you ll have ample free time to enjoy all that Shanghai has offered.Therefore,I think you can take advantage of the opportunity to build a teaching career in Shanghai.Yours sincerely,Li Ming PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes)说明:由于2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听⼒三本套的听⼒内容与第⼆套的⼀样,只是选项次序不⼀样,因此本套真题中不再重复出现三PartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30BLKAO31-35CEGDHSection B36-40FIDGB41-45EHAJCSection CPassage One46-50BCDBAPassage Two51-55DABACPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?Chinese families attach great importance to children s education.Many parents think that they should work hard to guarantee their kids good education.They are not only willing to invest in their children s education but also spend much time in supervising their study.Most parents hope that their children can be admitted into a prestigious university.Owing to China s reform and opening-up,more and more parents can afford their kids study in a foreign country or an international exchange program, which will broaden their horizon.Through all these efforts,they expect their children to grow up healthi-ly and contribute to the nation s development and prosperity.。
2019年6月英语四级听力真题及答案
2019年6月英语四级听力真题及答案Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection ADirections： In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
News report oneA 9-year-old Central California boy braved strong currents and cold wate r to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back. A California tel evision station Enfresno, reported Tuesday that Jim Savage, set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison. The T V station reported that by completing the swim,thefourth-grade student from Los Banios broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy. Jim said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting hi m in the face 30 minutes into this swim, made him want to give up. His fa ther said, he had offered his son 100 dollars as a reward. To encourage his struggling son, he doubled it to 200 dollars. James pushed forward, m aking it to Alktrask Island and back in a little more than 2 hours. Alktrask i s over a mile from the mainland.1. What did the boy from Central California do according to the report?A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.2. What did the father do to encourage his son?A) He doubled the reward.B) He cheered him on all the way.C) He set him an example.D) He had the event covered on TV.News report twoOn the first January, new regulations were coming to a fact which eliminat ed an annual leave bonus for people who put off marriage until the age of 23 for women and 25 for men, the South China morning post reports. The holiday bonus was to design to encourage young people to delay gettin g married, in lines with China's one-child policy, but with the policy now b een abolished, this holiday incentive is no longer necessary. The govern ment says. In shanghai, the young couple at the marriage registration offi ce told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the existing policy. Because an extra holida y was a big deal for them. In Beijing, one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announc ed. Rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80, but one lawyer t ells the paper the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time, so people who are rushing to register fo r marriage can relax.3: What was the purpose of the annual leave bonus in China?A) To end the one-child policy.B) To encourage late marriage.C) To increase working efficiency.D) To give people more time to travel.4: What do we learn about the new regulations?A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B) They will help to popularize early marriage.C) They will boost China's economic growth.D) They will not come into immediate effect.News report 3Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning up the next morning isn't as enjoyable. Now, however, a New Zealand based startup company aims to bring messy homes and even splitting headaches back to normal. The properly named startup Morning After Maids was launched about 1 month ago in Auckland by room-maids Rebecca Folly and Catherine Ashers. Aside from cleaning up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they are both gainfully employed, they did cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends which is when their service is in most demand anyway. Besides being flatted with request from across the country, Folly and Ashers have also received request from the U. S. and Canada to provide the services there, they are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward5: What is the news report mainly about?A) Cleaning service in great demand allover the world.B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs todo cleaning.C) A new company to clean up the mess afterparties.D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nightsand weekends.6: What is a common problem with a house party?A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.B) It leaves the house in a mess.C) It makes party goers exhausted.D) It creates noise and misconduct.7: What are Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst planning to do?A) Hire an Australian lawyer.B) Visit the U.S and Canada.C) Settle a legal dispute.D) Expand their business.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversationsAt the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only onceAfter you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A），B），C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation 1Carl, how did your driver's theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?Yes, I prepared as much as I could. But I was so nervous since it was my second trial. The people who worked at the test center were very kind though.We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit, and that was just what I needed.Then, after the exam, they printed out my result. But I was afraid to open it until I was outside. It was such a relief to pass.Congratulations! I knew you could do it. I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn't you?I hear a lot of people make that mistake and go in underprepared. But good job in passing the second time. I'm so proud of you.Now, all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?Yes, thanks. I'm so happy to be actually on the road now.I've only had two driving lessons so far, and my instructor is very understanding.So, I'm really enjoying it and I can't wait for my next session. Although the lessons are rather expensive.20 pounds an hour, and the instructor says I'll need above 30—40 lessons in total, that's what? 6—8 hundred pounds.So, this time, I'll need to make a lot more effort, and hopefully, it'll be successful the first time.Well, good luck.8. What did the man do yesterday?A) He had a driving lesson.B) He got his driver’s license.C) He took the driver’s theory exam.D) He passed the driver’s road test.9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?A) He was not well prepared.B) He did not get to the exam in time.C) He was not used to the test format.D) He did not follow the test procedure.10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?A) They are tough.B) They are costly.C) They are helpful.D) They are too short.11. What does the man hope to do next?A) Pass his road test the first time.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.C) Find an experienced driving instructor.D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.Conversation 2Emma, I've got accepted to the University of Leeds. Since you're going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?Congratulations. Yes, I believe for international students, you'll have to pay around 13,000 pounds a year, it's just a bit more than the local students. OK, so that's about 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. Anyway, I'm only going to be there for a year, doing my masters. So it's pretty good.If I stayed in the U.S., it'd take 2 years, and cost at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alone.Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds, which would be pretty awesome, the benefit of being a music genius.Yeah, I heard you are a talented piano player. So you are doing a post-graduate degree now? I'm still in my last year, graduating next June. Finally, I'll be done with my studies, and could go on to earning loads of money.Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money at that job then.You'd be surprised, I'm still going to be a teacher.But the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so experience in England.It's better paid, and I get to travel, which reminds me I'm late for my class, and I've got some documents I need to print out first. I've better run.12. What does the man want to know?A) Where the woman studies.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.C) Leeds’ tuition for internationalstudents.D) How to apply for studies at auniversity.13. What is the man going to do?A) Apply to an American university.B) Do research on higher education.C) Perform in a famous musical.D) Pursue postgraduate studies.14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at Leeds University?A) His favorable recommendations.B) His outstanding musical talent.C) His academic excellence.D) His unique experience.15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation?A) Do a master’s degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passagesAt the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both thepassage and the questions will be spoken only onceAfter you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from thefour choicesmarked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Passage 1Scientists have identified thousands of known ants species around the w orld. And only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods, or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seed s, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. A very small p ercentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challengi ng to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house. Liv e in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thou sands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in, and h ard to kick out. Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your hom e. In addition to barging ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home structure, w hile others interfere with the electrical units. Unfortunately, our homes ar e very attractive to ants, because it provides everything the colony need s to survive, such as food, water, and shelter.So, how can we prevent a nts from getting into our homes? Most important of all, avoid giving ants a ny access to food, particularly sugary food because ants have a sweet too th. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur and store food i n air-tight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible. And store your outside garbage in a lidded can, while a way from doors and windows.16. What does the passage say about ants?A) They help farmers keep diseases incheck.B) Many species remain unknown toscientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble tohumans.D) They live in incredibly well-organizedcolonies.17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people’s homes.C) They can survive a long time withoutwater.D) They like to form colonies in electricalunits.18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Passage 2My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us f rom viruses and from autoimmune diseases. We know that as we get olde r, it's easier for us to get infections. So older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn't functi on so well when we age. In most of our work, when we were looking at ol der adults who've got an illness, we always have to have health controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called the One T housand Elders, these volunteers are all 65 or over but in good health. Th ey come to the university to provide us with blood samples to be interview ed and to help us to carry out a whole range of research. The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment, we ar e living much longer. Life expectancy is increasing at 2 years for every de cade, that means an extra 5 hours a day. I want to make sure that older a dults are still able to enjoy their old age, and that they are not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak. W e want people to be healthy even when they are old.19. What is the focus of the speaker’s research?A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immunediseases.C) The viruses that may infect the humanimmune system.D) The chan ge in people’s immune system asthey get older.20. What are the volunteers asked to do in the research?A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients’ immunesystem.C) Helping improve old people’s healthconditions.D) Further reducing old patients’ medicalexpenses.Passage 3When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Kilip Elementary, he didn't know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect wit h students, he noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kid wo uld get together to play chess."I know how to play chess, let me go and show these kids how to do it," h e said. Now, Komada coaches the school's chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. And this week, do zens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville Tenness ee to compete with about 5000 other young people at the Super National s of Chess. The competition only happens every four years, and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Komada says Chess gives him and his students control. The school has the highest nu mber of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night. As 2 months ago, a young man was shot just down the street. Kom ada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move bef ore they do it. The lessons proved valuable outside the classroom as well . Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. Students a re more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead t o trouble.22 What did Ted Camarda notice one day after he started teaching at Killip elementary?A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to dotheir homework.C) His students were struggling to followhis lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess afterschool.23 What are dozens of students from Camarda’s school going to do this week?A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school’s chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chesscompetition.24 What do we learn about the students of Killip elementary?A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chesschampions.C) A couple of them have got involved incrimes.D) Many became chess coaches aftergraduation.25 What have the students learned from Camarda?A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.听力答案1. A2. A3. B4. D5. C6. B7. D8. C9. A10. B11. A12. C13. D14. B15. D16. C17. B18. A19. D 20. B21. C22. D23. C24. A25. B。
2019年6月四级全真试卷试卷部分
2019年6月四级考试全真试卷（1）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B) He celebrated the ninth birthday on a small island.C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.2. A) He doubled the reward.B) He cheered him on all the way.C) He set him an example.D) He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) To end the one-child policy.B)To encourage late marriage.C) To increase working efficiency.D) To give people more time to travel.4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B) They will help to popularize early marriage.C) They will boost China’s economic growth.D) They will not come into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.B) It leaves the house in a mess.C) It makes party goers exhausted.D) It creates noise and misconduct.7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.B) Visit the US and Canada.C) Settle a legal dispute.D) Expand their business.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He had a driving lesson.B) He got his driver’s license.C) He took the driver’s theory exam.D) He passed the driver’s road test.9. A) He was not well prepared.B) He did not get to the exam in time.C) He was not used to the test format.D) He did not follow the test procedure.10. A) They are tough.B) They are costly.C) They are helpful.D) They are too short.11. A) Pass his road test the first time.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.C) Find an experienced driving instructor.D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Where the woman studies.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.C) Leeds’ tuition for international students.D) How to apply for studies at a university.13. A) Apply to an American university.B) Do research on higher education.C) Perform in a famous musical.D) Pursue postgraduate studies.14. A) His favorable recommendations.B) His outstanding musical talent.C) His academic excellence.D) His unique experience.15. A) Do a master’s de gree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people’s homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.18. A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older.20. A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.21. A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infec tion.B) Better understanding patients’ immune system.C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the schoo l’s chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan’s 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can’t let that happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would 32 a substantial update of Michiga n’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.A) bid I) replaceB) contrast J) representC) deputy K) restrictiveD) dominance L) rewardE) fleets M) significantF) knots N) sponsorG) legislation O) transmittedH) migratedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians(百岁老人). Worldwide,probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more thana million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel andhis co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances giventhe associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity(长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer,then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which peoplemake commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone(里程碑) had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely agrowing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive.The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financialreasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Justlengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education,administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiplestages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals(休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age. N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today.We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It isabout living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers thannow.37. Just extendi ng one’s career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by someeight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the patternof life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade theirskills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to theirmental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life. Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow(誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,” said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset(发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic(慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the ones who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men toprovide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners t han divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for the ir other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according toKarraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples’ relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.D) Making men pay for their wives’ health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on,misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive(认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—ha d called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?A) It is related to the way our memories work.B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
2019年6月大学生英语四级考试真题
2019年6月大学生英语四级考试真题Title: 2019 June College English CET-4 Exam Questions and AnalysisIntroductionThe 2019 June College English Test-4 (CET-4) was held on [date]. The exam is an important test for college students in China to assess their English proficiency. In this article, we will provide an analysis of the exam questions and discuss the key areas tested.Listening SectionThe listening section of the exam consisted of [number] questions, divided into various tasks such as listening to conversations, news reports, and academic lectures. Students were required to demonstrate their ability to understand spoken English in different contexts. One challenging task involved listening to a lecture on environmental issues and answering questions about the main ideas and details.Reading SectionThe reading section of the exam included [number] passages covering a range of topics such as technology, education, andsocial issues. Students had to read carefully and answer questions based on the information provided in the text. One passage focused on the benefits and drawbacks of social media in modern society, requiring students to analyze different perspectives and draw conclusions.Writing SectionThe writing section required students to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time limit. The essay prompts varied, with topics such as the impact of technology on communication and the importance of environmental conservation. Students needed to demonstrate their ability to organize ideas, present arguments logically, and use appropriate vocabulary and grammar.Overall AnalysisThe 2019 June CET-4 exam tested students' listening, reading, and writing skills, as well as their ability to think critically and express ideas effectively in English. The exam questions were designed to assess students' proficiency in different areas of the language and their ability to apply their knowledge to real-life situations. By analyzing the exam questions and practicing regularly, students can improve their English skills and perform well on future exams.ConclusionThe 2019 June College English CET-4 exam was a challenging test that required students to demonstrate their listening, reading, and writing skills in English. By studying and practicing regularly, students can improve their English proficiency and achieve success in the exam. We hope this analysis has been helpful in understanding the key areas tested in the exam and preparing for future exams.。
2019年6月大学生英语四级考试真题
2019年6月大学生英语四级考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Unfortunately, as an AI, I'm unable to provide the exact 2019 June English-4 Exam questions for you. However, I can give you a detailed overview of the exam format so you can prepare adequately.The English-4 Exam is an essential exam for College students in China who intend to demonstrate their English proficiency. The test consists of four parts:1. Listening Comprehension: This section tests your ability to understand spoken English. You'll listen to various recordings, such as conversations and lectures, and answer questions based on what you heard.2. Reading Comprehension: This section evaluates your reading skills. You'll read passages on various topics and answer questions to test your understanding of the material.3. Writing: In this section, you'll be asked to write an essay or other forms of written responses. You must demonstrate yourability to organize your ideas coherently and use proper grammar and vocabulary.4. Translation: This section assesses your ability to translate Chinese sentences into English and vice versa. It tests your knowledge of both languages and your translation skills.To prepare for the exam, it's essential to practice regularly and familiarize yourself with the exam format. Take practice tests, work on your listening, reading, writing, and translation skills, and expand your vocabulary. Additionally, listening to English podcasts and reading English materials regularly can significantly improve your English proficiency.By preparing diligently and staying focused, you can increase your chances of performing well on the English-4 exam. Good luck with your exam preparation!篇22019年6月大学生英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled How to Balance Study and Entertainment. Youshould write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 现代大学生学习生活压力大，需要娱乐来放松；2. 但过度沉迷于娱乐会影响学业；3. 提出自己的建议。
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• D) She has always enjoyed great popularity.
12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.
• B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.
• ve a holiday.
• D) The man offers to drive the woman to the party.
17. A) Drawing up a business plan. C) Finalizing a contract.
• B) Discussing a term paper.
D) Reviewing a co-authored article.
16. A) The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.
• B) The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.
• C) The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.
• B) She is going to take care of her old dad.
• C) She has never got on with her father.
• D) She is kind and generous by nature.
22. A) He dines out with his wife every weekend.
2009.6. CET4 Listening Comprehension
Short Conversations
11. A) She expected more people at her party.
• B) She enjoys entertaining small children.
• C) She threw a surprise party for her friend
Dictation
• Around 120 years ago, Ebbinghaus began his study of memory. He(36) .on studying how quickly the human mind can remember (37) . One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis(假设), which simply means the amount you learn (38) on the time you spend trying to learn it . This can be taken as our first rule of learning.
15. A) He is pleased with his exciting new job.
• B) He finds the huge workload unbearable.
• C) He finds his office much too big for him.
• D) He is not so excited about his new position.
D) He was accused of causing a
14. A) Make a profitable investment. C) Get parts for the machine from Japan.
• B) Buy a new washing machine fixed.
D) Have the old washing machine
• B) He is excellent but looks bad-tempered.
• C) He does not care about his appearance.
• D) He is not quite popular with his patients.
• 23. A) The man has sent the order to the woman by mistake • B) Some of the telephone systems don’t work properly • C) Some of the packs do not contain any manuals. • D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.
• 25. A) Ideal. • B) Temporary
C) Partial D) Creative
Passages
Passage One • 26. A) It is entertaining. • B) It is a costly hobby.
C) It takes lots of time. D) It requires training.
19. A) His health is getting worse. C) His past life upsets him a good deal.
• B) He can no longer work at sea. D) He has not got the expected pension.
• Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying for one, there is still the question of how we should use the four hours. For example, is it better to study for four hours (39) or to study for one hour a day for four days in a (40) ?. The answer, as you may have (41) , is that it is better to spread out the study times. This (42) , through which we can learn more (43) .by dividing our practice time, is known as the distribution of practice effect. Thus, (44)
• 27. A) They can harm nearby plants. C) They fight each other for food. • B) They may catch some disease. D) They may pollute the environment.
• 28. A) Place the food on warmer spots. C) Avoid using any contaminated food.
• D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.
13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.
• B) He was very courageous. fire.
• 30. A) She made him apologize
• B) She readily forgave him calls.
C) She broke up with him. D) She refused to answer his
• 31. A) Buy her a new set of tires. C) Lend her his batteries. • B) Help clean her apartment. D) Move furniture for her.
18. A) She ordered some paper.
C) She chatted online with a friend
• B) She had the printer repaired. D) She filled in an application form
•
•
Long Conversations
• 24. A) Send a service engineer to do the repairs. • B) Consult her boss about the best solution. • C) Pass the man’s order to the right person. • D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.
20. A) She passed away years ago. working at a clinic.
C) She has been
• B) She used to work as a model. seriously ill for years.
D) She has been
21. A) She has made lots of money as a doctor.
• B) Use prepared feed mixtures only. D) Continue the feeding till it gets warm.
•
• Passage Two • 29. A) He will betray even his best friends. • B) He is able to make up good excuses. • C) He will lie whenever he wants. • D) He tries to achieve his goal at any cost