《计算机英语教程双色版》题型及复习要点

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大学实用计算机英语教程第2版翻译机工版7_中文-1-1

第7单元计算机网络和因特网第一部分听力和对话对话：搭建无线网络（目前，在Sophie的家里，她已将计算机直接连接到7调制解调器。

现在她想要用无线网络替换现有的有线网络，并且请求Henry和Mark帮忙。

）Henry：放松点，Sophie。

我保证安装比你想象的要容易得多。

简而言之只有4步。

Sophie: 真的吗？那该怎么做呢？Mark: 第一步是确保你拥有所需要的设备。

它们通常包括宽带互联网连接、一个无线路由器和一台带有内置的无线网络支持或一个无线网络适配器的计算机。

Sophie: 让我想想。

嗯，我认为它们现在齐全了。

那接下来怎么办？Mark: 下一个步是连接无线路由器。

关闭调制解调器之后，从计算机的背面拔掉网线，并且将它连入路由器背面的标有互联网、广域网或无线局域网的端口。

同时，网线的另一端应该连接到调制解调器。

Sophie: 那么，我怎么可以知道它们已经正确连上了？Henry: 那很容易。

要检查的话，接通并且启动调制解调器。

等待几分钟让它连接到互联网，然后接通并且启动无线路由器。

在一分钟之后，无线路由器中的互联网、广域网或无线局域网的灯是亮的，表明它已顺利地连接到了调制解调器。

Sophie: 嗯，还有其他的吗？Henry：接着，配置无线路由器。

你应该临时将计算机连接到无线路由器上没有被标为互联网、广域网或无线局域网的其中的一个开放网络端口。

然后，打开IE并输入地址和密码来配置路由器。

Sophie: 我怎样获得地址和密码？Henry: 可以在路由器附带的说明书上找到。

Mark: Sophie，在配置过程中你要特别注意三件事：无线网络的名称也就是服务区标识符、无线加密或者Wi-Fi保护访问，以及能够控制无线网络的管理密码。

顺便说一句，在配置完成之后，从计算机上拔掉网线。

[3]Sophie: 好的，我了解了。

Henry: 现在，我们进入最后一步，连接计算机。

Windows 7应该显示一个包含有可用的无线网络列表的无线网络图标。

计算机专业英语教程参考答案标准版

data flow数据流
dataformatting数据格式化
Ethernet cables以太网电缆
fiber optic光纤
flow control流控制
Frame Relay帧中继
layered architecture分层结构
leased line租用线
meshnetwork网状网络
monolithicarchitecture单片电路结构
Dot-matix printer点阵式打印机
Drum plotter鼓式绘图仪
Electron gun电子枪
Electrostatic charge静电荷
Electrostatic printer静电打印机
Flatbed plotter平板式打印机
Ink-jet printer喷墨式打印机
Laser printer激光打印机
Unit 2
Computer component计算机部件
in terms of以…..的名义
mainframe computer主计算机
output device输出设备
personal computer个人计算机
processing capability处理能力
storage device存储设备
Unit 2
1.In order to save dataportable
2.Before you canaccessany data
3.A computer can’t execute amain memory
4.A computer with a large memorysophisticatedprograms
4.If a computer is to function withoutinstructions

计算机专业英语(张强华-第二版)重点单词及部分课后答案

Unit 1单词：〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文系统面板和普通键盘有专门控制键，你可以使用这些控制键实现主要的多媒体功能：观相片、听音乐和看电影。

面板还有为看电视和阅读电视指南而设的快速启动按钮。

Ex. 9〗用that从句做宾语将下面汉语译成英语你应该知道，你不仅仅能读取磁盘上的数据，也能够往上面写新的信息1. You should know that you can not only read data from the disk but also write new information to it.你应该意识到，软盘容纳不了多少数据2. You should realize that floppies do not hold too much data.我们计算机老实说，USB要比火线慢多了3. Our computer teacher said that USB is much slower than Firewire.我认为CPU主要责任是执行指令4. I think/believe that the CPU is primarily responsible for executing instructions.Unit 2单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 3〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 4单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 5单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文佳能打印机有五种样式，价格从$80 到$500不等，满足了任何想打印相片用户的需求。

《计算机专业英语》谢希仁第二版-第7章讲义

Requirements:
1. The origins of the programming languages 2. The concepts of computer compilers 3. Main properties of object-orientation 4. 掌握复杂定语从句的翻译技巧
Abbreviations:
OOPL (object-oriented programming language) 面向对象的程序设计语言
7.1 Introduction to Programming Language
A programming language represents a special vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks. Broadly speaking, it consists of a set of statements or expressions understandable to both people and computers.
近来出现的新的程序设计语言，像C++，微软的Visual C++， Visual Foxpro，和Visual Java，他们都支持面向对象的程序设计（OOP）技术。OOP这种程序设计要求编程人员不仅要给出数据结构中的数据类型的定义，还需要给出作用在这些数据结构之上的操作（函数，或方法）的类型。
程序设计语言是指令计算机实现某些具体任务的一套特殊词汇和一组语法规则。从广义的角度说，它包括一组既能被人所理解又能被计算机所识别的声明和表达式。

计算机英语第二版课后习题答案

练习答案PART ONE Computer BasicsUnit 1 My ComputerSection A I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1．Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2．input; output3．VLSI4．workstations; mainframes5．vacuum; transistors6．instructions; software7．digit; eight; byte8．microminiaturization; chipII．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1．artificial intelligence 人工智能2．paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机3．optical computer 光学计算机4．neural network 神经网络5．instruction set 指令集6．parallel processing 平行处理7．difference engine 差分机8．versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件9．silicon substrate 硅基10．vacuum tube 真空管（电子管）11．the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理12．very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路13．central processing unit 中央处理器14．personal computer 个人计算机15．analogue computer 模拟计算机16．digital computer 数字计算机17．general-purpose computer 通用计算机18．processor chip 处理器芯片19．operating instructions 操作指令20．input device 输入设备III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historicsignificance, such as UNIVAC, introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV．Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.A computer system includes a computer, peripheral（外围的）devices, and software. The electric, electronic, and mechanical devices used for processing data are referred to as hardware. In addition to the computer itself, the term “hardware”refers to components called peripheral devices that expand the computer’s input, output, and storage capabilities. Computer hardware in and of itself does not provide a particularly useful mind tool. To be useful, acomputer requires a set of instructions, called software or a computer program, which tells the computer how to perform a particular task. Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in a network so users can share information.计算机系统包括计算机、外围设备和软件。

计算机英语教程双色版习题答案作者张强华司爱侠王晋习题答案 v5.docx

Text AI. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text. 1. programmable, analog, digital 2. continuous, discrete3. billing, shipping, receiving, inventory control4. computations, MPU, CPU5. Complex Instruction Set Computer6. Digital Signal Processing7. integer, logic8. buses, pulses,9. Random Access Memory, internal 10. keyboards, mouse, monitors, printersII. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.1. __________________ 外部设备2. __________________ 输出设备3. 并行设备 -4. __________________ 汇编语言5. 块设备 -6. __________________7. 数据流—& _______________________ 输入设备9. __________________ 集成电路 10.主存HI. Translate the following terms and phrases into Ei^lish.缩写完飙式中文意义1. ALU Arithmetic/Logic Unit运算器 2. CPU Central Processing Unit 或 Cental Processor Unit中央处理器 3. CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer 如旨令集计瓠 4. DSP Digital Signal Processing 数討言号处理5.EPROMErasable Programmable Read Only Memory可擦可编程只读存储器6. LED light-emitting diode发光二级管 7. MODEM MOdulator, DEModulator 调制解调器 & RAM Random Access Memory 随机访问存储器 9. ROMRead Only Memory只读存储器Lessonl1. external devices2. output device3. parallel device4. assembly language5. block device6. floating point7. data stream8. input device9. integrated circuit 10.main storageIV Fill in the gaps with the words or phrases chosen firom the box. Change the forms where necessary.1.instructions2. devices3. concept4. consuming5. integrated circuits6.space7. fit into & Information Age 9. embedded computer 10. controlV Translate the following passage into Chinese・计算机能够储存和执行被叫做程序的许多指令，这使其非常通用并不同于计算器。

大学实用计算机英语教程第2版翻译机工版4_中文-1-1

第4单元操作系统第一部分听力和对话对话：关于操作系统的讨论（Henry想要了解更多有关于操作系统的内容，所以他在课后向Mark和Sophie请教）Henry: 一个操作系统可以实现的确切的功能是什么？Sophie: 它控制包括视觉体验、键盘、鼠标、麦克风以及触摸屏等搜集用户需求的用户接口的关键因素。

Mark：并且在幕后，操作系统忙碌地监控发生在设备内的操作。

Henry: 我了解诸如Wind ows、iOS等很基础的操作系统，但是我认为还有其他的操作系统有很广泛的用途。

Sophie：你说的很对。

操作系统可以根据它们在什么设备上使用来进行分类。

Mark：台式机操作系统是为台式机或者手提电脑而设计。

你在学校、在家或在工作中使用的电脑大部分都配置有台式机操作系统，如Microsoft Wind ows，OS X，或者Chrome OS。

Sophie：另外，像iOS和Android这样的操作系统被定义为移动操作系统，因为它们被设计用于手机、平板电脑、电子书阅读器。

Henry：还有其他的吗？Sophie：当然。

被部署用于网络、文件、应用、数据库、邮件服务器的电脑通常使用可以被多个用户同时使用的分布式网络的服务器操作系统。

Mark：Linux,、UNIX,、Wind ows和OS X服务器都是流行的服务器操作系统。

Henry：太棒了。

操作系统究竟存在于哪里？Mark：在一些诸如手机、电子阅读器的电子设备中，整个操作系统足够小所以可以被储存在只读存储器中。

对于其他大多数的电脑，操作系统很大，所以大部分存储在硬盘上或者固态硬盘上。

Sophie：是的。

在引导程序的过程中，操作系统内核被加载至随机存取存储器中。

内核提供关键的操作系统服务，如内存管理、获取文件。

在电脑运行的过程中，内核一直存在于随机存取存储器中。

其他的部分如定制化工具，被需要的时候会加载至随机存取存储器中。

Henry：我明白了！十分感谢你们。

练习以小组的形式，用右边的其他表达式来替换文中相应的陈述，组成类似的对话。

《计算机英语教程双色版》英语练习1及答案

《计算机英语教程双色版》英语练习1及答案Single choice:1.Because of their size and cost，these computers are relatively rare．（D ）A．Minicomputers B．Mainframe computersC. microcomputersD. supercomputers2.A system component that translates data and programs that humans can understandinto a form that the computer can process is called a(n) （A ）.A. input deviceB. pointerC. output deviceD. display3. The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called the（D）.A．monitor B．mouse C．keyboard D．microprocessor4. The smallest unit in a digital system is a（B ）.A. byteB. bitC. wordD. character5.Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Macintosh OS X are all examples of（B）. A．application software B．operating systems C．browsers D．shareware6.We call the software that contain a word processor, spreadsheet and other programs.(A )A. an application suiteB. home publishingC. operating systemD. reference software7.TCP is a ( A ).A. connection-oriented protocolB. connectionless protocolC. application layer protocolD. network layer protocol8.A(n) ( C ) program provides access to Web resources．A.．WebB.．ISPC.．browserD.．URL9.( A ) is the most popular Internet activity.A. CommunicationB.．ShoppingC.．SearchingD.．Entertainment10.The Internet was launched in 1969 when the United States funded a project thatdeveloped a national computer network called（D ）A.．AARPNET B．CERNET C. CERN D.．ARPANET11.( A ) converts the assembly language instructions into machine code.A. AssemblerB. InstructionC. MacroinstructionD. operand12. A project using the （ C ）moves down a series of stepsstarting from an initialidea to a final product.A. code-and-fix modelB. Big-Bang modelC. Waterfall modelD. Spiral model13.The process used to create a software product from its initial conception to itspublic release is known as the software development （D ）.A. principleB. methodC. projectD. life cycle model14. A collection of related files is called a（B）A. characterB. databaseC. fieldD. record15. It is a good idea to throw away the emptying box and the original packing material when you finish setting up a new system.（B ）A. TrueB. False16.Each branch office in a company can have its own network protocol. （A ）A. TrueB. False17.one advantage of high level languages is requiring less time to write. （A ）A. TrueB. False18.The waterfall method is usually the first one taught in programming school. （A ）A. TrueB. False19. DVD stands for（C ）A. digital video dataB. direct video diseC. digital versatile discD. direct versatile disc20.The main task of the job management is（ A ）.A. the scheduling of jobsB. weighing a variety of factorsC. MultiprogrammingD. establishes a table21.（ D ）is the first thing in deciding the overall platform you will be looking for.A. Selecting the size of the hardwareB. Selecting type of removable storageC. Selecting amount of memoryD. Selecting a operating system22.T CP/IP reference model has two parts （C ）.A. TCP and UDPB. FTP and SMTPC. TCP and IPD. FTP and DNS23."GUI" stands for（ C ）A. Gnutella Universal Interface.B. Graphic Uninstall / Install.C. Graphical User Interface.D. General Utility Interface.24.R ules for exchanging data between computers are called （C ）A. programsB. procedures C．protocols D．hyperlinks25.I F-THEN-ELSE structure is otherwise known as a(n) （ D ）A. sequence structureB. loop structureC. iterative structureD. selectiaon structure26.T he acronym DBMS stands for what? （B ）A. document binder management systemB. database management systemC. double-blind management setupD. data binding and marketing structure27.Database can take advantage of ( B ) to increase their speed?A.wordB. indexingC. characterD. instructions28.Operating system provides a stable ,consistent way for application to deal with thehardware without having to know all the details of the hardware. （A ）A. TrueB. False29.W hich computer can be defined as a small,relatively inexpensive computer designedfor an individual user? （ A ）A. PCB. supercomputerC. mainframeD. Minicomputer30.T he classic crude of a computer is that it contains thress elements,which is not a partof computer?（D ）A. processor unitB. memoryC. I/OD.mouse31.W hich is the “brain” of the computer? （ A ）A. CPUB. monitorC. I/OD.operating system32. Which is not types of computers’ operating system? ( D )A. RTOSB. single-user,single taskC. single-user,multi-taskingD. multi-user,single task33.The elements of a computer network is not include ( D )?A. hardwareB.softwareC. protocolsD. application34. A programming language is a(n) ( B ) designed to express computation that can beperformed by a machine.A. machine languageB. artificial languageC. natural languageD. low-level language35.The difference between natural language and programming language is that naturallanguage are only used for interaction between people,while programming language also allow humans to communicate instructions to machines. ( A )A. TureB. Flase36.The model of database in most common use today is the ( A )?A. relational modelB. hierarchical modelC. network modelD. all of that37.Which is not the TCP/IP protocols in the most commonly used?( D )A. IPB. TCPC. UDPD. GUI38.All network are made of basic hardware,below which is not include them?( D )A. NICB. BridgesC. SwitchesD. RAM39.RAM is Random Access Memory ,and is the basic kind of ( A )memory.A. internalB. external40.In general, a minicomputer is a(n) ( A ) system capable of supporting up to 200 usrs simultaneously.A. multi-processingB. single processing41. There are some measures which describe the size of your display ,which are include ?( D )A. aspect ratioB. screen sizeC. color depthD. A and B42. The way in which the screen size is measured for CRT and LCD monitor is different.( A )A. TureB. Flase43. ( C ) is the first thing loaded onto the computer---without it ,a computer is useless.A. power-on self testB. set up applicationsC. operating systemD. hardware44.The primary index must ensure a unique reference to a record.( A )A. TureB. Flase。

《计算机专业英语(第二版)》 Chapter3

3.2 The Binary System
Requirements:
1. Concepts of Number System and their conversion
2. Boolean Algebra
3. Moore’s Law
4. 科技英语中数学公式的读法
3.1 The Decimal System
New Words & Expressions:
3.1 The Decimal SytemThe clumsiness of this system can easily be seen if we try to multiply XII by XIV. Calculating with Roman numerals was so difficult that early mathematicians were forced to perform arithmetic operations almost entirely on abaci, or counting boards, translating their results back into Roman-number form. Pencil-and-paper computations are unbelievably intricate and difficult in such systems. In fact, the ability to perform such operations as addition and multiplication was considered a great accomplishment in earlier civilization. 如果你要用XIV乘XII ，很容易看出这个数字系统是笨拙的。用罗马数字计算太难了，以至于早期的数字家几乎完全被迫在算盘或演算板完成算术运算，然后再把结果翻译成罗马数字形式。在这样的数字系统中，纸和笔运算达到以难置信的复杂和困难程度。事实上，在早期文明中能进行这样的加法和乘法运算被看作是一项伟大的成就。

计算机专业英语复习资料

Computer software system计算机软件系统Operating system操作系统Three dimensional三维Disk operating system磁盘操作系统Network operating system网络操作系统Office software办公软件Reading software阅读软件Typewriting software打字软件Antivirus software杀毒软件Download software下载软件Graphic design software图形设计软件Chatting software聊天软件Arithmetic logic unit算术逻辑单元Central processing unit中央处理器floppy disk软盘mobile hard disk移动硬盘electronic form电子表格word processing system文字处理系统device management设备管理software management软件管理file management文件管理job processing作业处理work book工作簿work sheet工作表web-camera摄像头graphical interface图形界面graphical browser图形浏览器graphical design图形设计windows operating system窗口操作系统management information system管理信息系统panda joss stick熊猫烧香hard disk硬盘mobile disk移动磁盘ROM read only memory只读存储器CPU central processing unit中央处理器USB universal serial通用串行总线PC personal computer个人计算机CD compact disk光盘3D three dimensional三维DOS disk operating system磁盘操作系统OS operating system操作系统WC water closet厕所BC Before Christ公元前ALU arithmetic logic unit运算逻辑单元RAM random access memory随机存储器DVD digital video disk数字视频磁盘VCD video compact disk视频光盘IT information technology信息技术IBM international business machines国际商用机MSN Microsoft network 微软提供的网络在线服务MOS multitask operating system多任务操作系统IS international standard国际标准EC electronic commerce电子商务CAD computer aided design计算机辅助设计An integrated computer has two parts。

计算机专业英语第2版课件

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RS flip-flop
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Shift registers
A register capable of shifting its binary information in one or both directions is called a shift register.
The simplest possible shift register is one that uses only flip-flops.
The output of a given flip-flop is connected to the D input of the flip-flop at its right. The clock is common to all flip-flops. The serial input determines what goes into the leftmost position during the shift. The serial output is taken from the output of the rightmost flip-flop.
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4-bit shift register
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The capabilities of shift register
▪ An input for clock pulses to synchronize all operations.
▪ A shift-right operation and a serial input line associated with the shift-right.

计算机专业英语复习资料整理

英译汉汉译英翻译&简答1）The motherboard is the communications web for the entire computer system.译:主板是整个计算机系统的沟通网。

2）The central processing unit (CPU) is the “brain” of the computer.译:中央处理单元，即CPU，是计算机的“大脑”3）CPU consists of two function al units: the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit.译:CPU有两个功能单元：控制单元和算术-逻辑单元。

4）A computer is a fast and accurate system that is organized to accept, store and process data, and produce results under the direction of a stored program.5）译:计算机是快速而精准的系统，它用来接收、存储和处理数据，并在已存储的程序的指引下输出结果。

6）When people use the term “memory” in reference to computers, they are almost always referring to the computer’s main memory (or primary memory) called random access memory or RAM, which is comprised of chips attached to the motherboard.译:当人们谈及计算机用到“内存”这个术语时，他们几乎总是在指被称为随机存储器RAM的计算机的主存储器，它是由固定在主板上的芯片构成的。

大学计算机基础复习资料双语教学英文版

计算机复习资料最终定稿版Ji suan ji fu xi zi liao zui zhong ding gao ban1.key words of Definition for computer: instructions,input,processes ,outputA computer is an electronic device which operates under the control of stored instructionsaccepts data inputprocesses the data according to specified rulesproduces and stores output1、A computer’s power is derived from Speed Reliability Accuracy Storage Communications2、Data: The symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas. Consists of the raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.3、Information ：Data becomes information when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use .6.分类：Supercomputers (巨型计算机)fastest, most powerful, most expensive Mainframe computers（大型机）provide great processing speeds and data storage. Minicomputers （小型机）Microcomputers（微机）即personal computer or PCleast powerful, but the most widely used.rmation can be represented in one of two waysAnalog data（模拟）A continuous representation，analogous（相似）to the actual information Digital data A discrete representation8.1 Byte=8 bits，B, KB, MB, GB, TB):9. Binary（Base 2）Octal（8）Decimal（Base 10）Hexadecimal（16）0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F10.distinguish number system(1) Subscript(下标) (101)2 (101) 8（2）Postfix（后缀）101B 101O 101D 101H11.Converting numberNon-Decimal to DecimalDecimal to Non-Decimal❖10—2 integer整数（1）短除法（2）从高位到低位逆用2—10思想❖Fraction小数Non-Decimal to Non-Decimal2—8 (10 111 011.110 1)2 = (273.64)88—2 (6754.32)8 = (110 111 101 100. 011)216—2 （A7B8.C9）16=(1010 0111 1011 1000 .1100 1001)12.Binary Arithmetic12．original code–(2n–1–1) ~ (2n–1–1) Total number is2n–1 n=8 -127 ～+127 Pro：Simple & Direct Cons：Subtraction operation may fail （overflow）13．Original code and Complement code, to do subtraction减法in addition（补码的意义正在于把减法做成加法）▪For positive number：complement = original▪For negative number:•Original: sign bit is 1, the rest is its absolute value•Complement: reverse all digits except the sign, the plus 1▪Complement of complement = original14．complement code –2n–1 ~ (2n–1–1) Total number is 2n n=8, the range is: -128 ～+127 15．Floating point notation to represent very large real numbers and very small real numbers （1）-1.6875=(-1.1011)2=(-0.11011×21)2（2）指数尾数上数=0 1 0 （用八位表示指数位，24位表示尾数位）16．In a 32 bits computer, if 8 bits for exponent part and 24 bits for mantissa part, the range of number is 1038 ~ 2-150 0 -1038 ~ -2-15016．Code of charactersASCII美国信息交换标准码character setStandard 7-bits, with 128 charactersExtended 8-bits, with 256 charactersUnicode 16-bits, a superset超集of ASCI17.von Neumannthree main ideas about computer*Five basic components *Use binary information *Stored program18．The principle of stored programA couple of abilities: store program and then automatic execute program .（存储程序、自动执行程序）Computers use “memory” (primary memory主存) to store program which will be processed ❖19．Five basic components▪Control Unit▪Arithmetic/logic Unit (ALU) 运算器▪Input devices▪Output devices▪Storage – primary and secondary storage19．CPUcan fetch each instruction in that program from memory one by onedecode the informationGet data if neededand then execute the information until all instructions arefinished.巧记有一个全控制，有两个互相传数据和信息，有一个只入，有一个只出20．ALU（运算器）（arithmetic operation logical operations）---（register）CPUControl Unit（directs and coordinates使协调operations in computer.）--registerRandom access memory (RAM) temporary or volatile storage Main memory Read-only memory (ROM) ---BIOS Basic Input Output System Memory CMOS required every time the computer system is turned onSecondary Storage 外存CPU不能直接访问注释1 CPU定义Interprets（翻译）and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer注释2 ROM cannot be changed 而CMOS can be changed to reflect changes in the computer system注释3Memory used to store the most frequently accessed information stored in RAM – cache, 21．two registers in the control unit:The instruction register (IR) contains the instruction that is being executed.The program counter (PC) contains the address of the next instruction to be executed18．#Two steps of a machine cycle: Instruction cycle and execution cycle22.CPU speed Clock rate Word size Cache Instruction set size（指令集大小）23. Computers are electronic devices that accept instructions, process input, and produce information24.术语：Floppy disk 软盘Optical disk/compact disk 光盘Flash disk 闪存盘23．System Unit (主机)❖Motherboard❖Processor – CPU▪ALU▪Control Unit❖Memory▪RAM, ROM, CMOS, Cache▪All data and instructions must be loaded into RAM before they can be executed❖Bus – data highway between devices❖Expansion slots/cards (扩展槽/卡) to add extra devices▪video card, sound card, network card❖Port (端口) – a plug for a cable that leads to a device▪usb ports, RJ-45, VGA port for monitor 《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《《OS》24.系统软件实用软件操作系统外壳，命令解释程序内核注释1Utility software fundamental to computer installations, but not part of the OS.注释2 shell provides an interface through which a human can interact with the computer kernel manages computer resources, such as memory and input/output device强调：System software定义manage a computer system at a fundamental level25. Every operating system performs three basic functions：（different os also have other specific functions ）manages computer resources, such as 1. memory,2. CPU, and3. processesprovides an interface through which a human can interact with the computerallow s an application program to interact with other system resources26. Managing Resources consists of:Memory managementProcess managementCPU scheduling26.1. Memory management optimizes（优化）the use of RAM26.2-1 A process can be defined as a program in execution.26.2-2 A single user operating system allows only one user to run one program at a time.A multiuser operating system enables two or more users to run a program simultaneously.A multitasking operating system allows a single user to work on two or more applications thatreside in memory at the same time.A multiprocessing operating system can support two or more processors running programs atthe same time.26.3 CPU SchedulingThe operating system determines which process in memory is executed by CPU Nonpreemptive scheduling 无优先调度Preemptive scheduling27.OTHER FUNCTIONS27.1System Booting Cold boot&Warm bootThe process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting27.2System Shutting DownSleep mode（睡眠）saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low-power stateHibernate（休眠）saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing power from the computerUser Interface Device Driver Network Support Performance Monitor System Update 28.Types of Operating Systems28.1A stand-alone operating system（独立操作系统）is a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device28.2An embedded （嵌入式）operating system resides on a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer electronic device29．File A named collection of related dataFile is stored in secondary storage A file is a set of data that has been given a name File system The operating system's logical view of the files it manages Directory A named group of files. Also called a folder30．File typeProgram files（程序文件）- contains instructions to tell the computer what to do.Microsoft Word, Photoshop, AutoCADData Files - not executable and only used with a program.Word document, text file, Excel file, PowerPoint fileText file A file in which the bytes of data are organized ascharacters from the ASCII or Unicode character setsBinary file A file that contains data in a specific format, requiringinterpretation（翻译）31．The root directory is typically identified by the device letter followed by a backslash(反斜线)32．File managementWindows Explorer(资源管理器) Clipboard（剪贴板）Recycle Bin(回收站)33．File Properties(属性)34．Path NamesAbsolute path D:\Courses\Computer\2011\OS.pptRelative path 2011\OS.ppt 〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Multimedia35．Representing CharacterASCII （America Standard Code for Information Interchange）❖Original ASCII uses 7 bits to code 128 characters❖Extended to 8 bits for 128 extra characters2. Unicodeuses 16 bits, can represent 216 = 6553436．Representing Audio❖Sound is generated by the vibration of air❖Sound wave is analog❖Computers convert sound to digits by sampling❖ A stereo sends an electrical signal to a speaker to reproduce soundA sampling rate of about 40,000 times per second is enough to create a reasonable sound reproductionAudio Formats▪WAV, AU, AIFF, VQF, and MP3❖MP3 is dominant▪MPEG-2, audio layer 3 file >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Graphics37．Representing Images and Graphics❖Raster(光栅)-graphics▪The storage of image information is on a pixel-by-pixel（像素）basis▪Popular formats•BMP (bitmap), GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), JPEG (JointPhotographic Experts Group)❖Vector-graphics（矢量图）▪Describes an image in terms of lines and geometric shapes▪Include a series of commands that describe a line’s direction, thickness, and colour.▪The file sizes tend to be smaller because not every pixel is described▪38． A graph is treated as a matrix of dots, which is called pixels❖The number of pixels is called resolution（分辨率）39．Color is expressed as an RGB (Red,Green,Blue) value three primary colors40．Color depth▪The amount of data that is used to represent a color41．TrueColor▪ A 24-bit color depth: eight bits used for each number in an (R,G,B) value 42．Each pixel is normally recorded by three bytes, for red-green-blue respectively. Therefore, a pixel is written as (r, g, b), where 0 <= r,g,b <= 25543．Resolution▪The number of pixels used to represent a picture44．In the resolution 800×600, an RGB true-color image needs❖800×600×3×8 bits = 1440KB = 1.4MB。

计算机专业英语复习提纲

计算机专业英语复习提纲(注意：加粗单词为重点词汇)第一章1 The Invention of the ComputerENIAC---the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer,It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania. The project began in 1943and was completed in 1946.ENIAC--- 电子数字积分计算机。

它是由宾夕凡尼亚大学的J. Presper Eckert 和John Mauchly 研制的。

该工程于1943年开始，并于1946年完成。

2 Computer Generations1. First-Generation Computers: 1951～1958First-generation computers were characterized by the use of vacuum tubes as their principal electronic component. V acuum tubes are bulky and produce a lot of heat, so first-generation computers were large and required extensive air conditioning to keep them cool. In addition, because vacuum tubes do not operate very fast, these computers were relatively slow.第一代计算机的特色是使用真空管为其主要电子器件。

真空管体积大且发热严重,因此第一代计算机体积庞大，并且需要大量的空调设备保持冷却。

计算机英语教程(双色版)参考译文

参考译文第1课计算机基础计算机是一个可编程的机器（或者更准确地说，一个可编程的连续状态机器）。

计算机有两种基本类型：模拟计算机和数字计算机。

模拟计算机是模拟设备，即它们有连续的状态而不是离散的有限状态。

一个模拟计算机可以准确地表示小数或无理数，不进行舍入。

模拟计算机几乎只用于实验环境。

数字计算机是可编程的时序状态机器。

数字计算机使用离散状态。

二进制数字计算机使用两个离散状态（如正/负、高/低、通/断）来表示二进制数0和1。

1. 计算机有什么用？计算机的用途非常广泛。

数据处理是商业和金融的工作。

这包括开票、运输及收货、库存管理和类似的业务以及“电子办公”。

科学处理是用计算机支持科学。

这可以是简单地收集和分析原始数据，也可以是复杂地建立自然现象的模型（如气候模型、热力学、核能等）。

多媒体包括创建内容（创作音乐、演奏音乐、录制音乐、编辑电影和视频、特效、动画、插图、排版印刷材料等）和多媒体播放（游戏、DVD、教学材料等）。

2. 计算机的各部分可以十分粗略简单地认为计算机有三个部件：处理器、内存和I/O（输入/输出）。

这三个术语的边界是十分含糊的、不搭界的和不断变化的。

稍微更简单地可以把计算机部件分为五种：算术和逻辑子系统、控制子系统、主存、输入子系统和输出子系统。

2.1 处理器处理器是计算机实际上进行计算的部件。

有时也称作MPU（主处理器单元）或CPU （中央处理单元或中央处理器）。

处理器通常包括运算器（ALU）、控制器（包括处理器标志、标志寄存器或状态寄存器）、内部总线，有时也有一些特殊作用的单元（最常用的特殊作用单元是用于浮点算法的浮点单元）。

一些计算机有多个处理器。

这就叫做多处理计算机。

数字处理器的主要种类有：CISC、RISC、DSP以及它们的混合。

CISC代表复杂指令集计算机。

大型计算机和小型计算机有CISC处理器，厂家为了竞争提供了更有用的指令集。

大部分前两代微型处理器都用CISC。

RISC代表精简指令集计算机。

《计算机英语(第2版)》参考答案

《计算机英语（第2版）》参考答案注：这里仅给出《计算机英语（第2版）》新增或变化课文的答案，其他未改动课文答案参见《计算机英语（第1版）》原来的答案。

Unit OneSection CPDA Prizefight: Palm vs. Pocket PCI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. With DataViz’s Documents To Go, you can view and edit desktop documents on your PDA without converting them first to a PDA-specific ________. (format)2. Both Palm OS and Windows Mobile PDAs can offer e-mail via ________ so that new messages received on your desktop system are transferred to the PDA for on-the-go reading. (synchronization)3. The Windows Mobile keyboard, Block Recognizer, and Letter Recognizer are all ________ input areas, meaning they appear and disappear as needed. (virtual)4. Generally speaking, Windows Mobile performs better in entering information and playing ________ files while Palm OS offers easier operation, more ________ programs, better desktop compatibility, and a stronger e-mail application. (multimedia; third-party)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. data field数据字段2. learning curve学习曲线3. third-party solution第三方解决方案4. Windows Media Player Windows媒体播放器5. 开始按钮Start button6. 指定输入区designated input area7. 手写体识别系统handwriting-recognition system8. 字符集character setUnit ThreeSection BLonghorn：The Next Version of WindowsI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. NGSCB, the new security architecture Microsoft is developing for Longhorn, splits the OS into two parts: a standard mode and a(n) ________ mode. (secure)2. It is reported that Longhorn will provide different levels of operation that disable the more intensive Aero effects to boost ________ on less capable PCs. (performance)3. With Longhorn’s new graphics and presentation engine, we can create and display Tiles on the desktop, which remind us of the old Active Desktop but are based on ________ instead of ________. (XML; HTML)4. The most talked-about feature in Longhorn so far is its new storage system, WinFS, whichworks like a(n) ________ database. (relational)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. search box搜索框2. built-in firewall内置防火墙3. standalone application独立应用程序4. active desktop 活动桌面5. mobile device移动设备6. 专有软件proprietary software7. 快速加载键quick-launch key8. 图形加速器graphics accelerator9. 虚拟文件夹virtual folder10. 三维界面three-dimensional interfaceUnit FourSection CArraysI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Given the array called object with 20 elements, if you see the term object10, you know the array is in ________ form; if you see the term object[10], you know the array is in ________ form. (subscript; index)2. In most programming languages, an array is a static data structure. When you define an array, the size is ________. (fixed)3. A(n) ________ is a pictorial representation of a frequency array. (histogram)4. An array that consists of just rows and columns is probably a(n) ________ array. (two-dimensional)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. bar chart条形图2. frequency array频率数组3. graphical representation图形表示4. multidimensional array多维数组5. 用户视图user(’s) view6. 下标形式subscript form7. 一维数组one-dimensional array8. 编程结构programming constructUnit FiveSection BMicrosoft .NET vs. J2EEI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. One of the differences between C# and Java is that Java runs on any platform with a Java Virtual ________ while C# only runs in Windows for the foreseeable future. (Machine)2. With .NET, Microsoft is opening up a channel both to ________ in other programming languages and to ________. (developers; components)3. J2EE is a single-language platform; calls from/to objects in other languages are possiblethrough ________, but this kind of support is not a ubiquitous part of the platform. (CORBA)4. One important element of the .NET platform is a common language ________, which runs bytecodes in an Internal Language format. (runtime)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. messaging model消息收发模型2. common language runtime通用语言运行时刻（环境）3. hierarchical namespace分等级层次的名称空间4. development community开发社区5. CORBA公用对象请求代理（程序）体系结构6. 基本组件base component7. 元数据标记metadata tag8. 虚拟机virtual machine9. 集成开发环境IDE（integrated development environment）10. 简单对象访问协议SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol）Unit SixSection ASoftware Life CycleI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. The development process in the software life cycle involves four phases: analysis, design, implementation, and ________. (testing)2. In the system development process, the system analyst defines the user, needs, requirements and methods in the ________ phase. (analysis)3. In the system development process, the code is written in the ________ phase. (implementation)4. In the system development process, modularity is a very well-established principle used in the ________ phase. (design)5. The most commonly used tool in the design phase is the ________. (structure chart)6. In the system development process, ________ and pseudocode are tools used by programmers in the implementation phase. (flowcharts)7. Pseudocode is part English and part program ________. (logic)8. While black box testing is done by the system test engineer and the ________, white box testing is done by the ________. (user; programmer)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. standard graphical symbol标准图形符号2. logical flow of data标准图形符号3. test case测试用例4. program validation程序验证5. white box testing白盒测试6. student registration system学生注册系统7. customized banking package定制的金融软件包8. software life cycle软件生命周期9. user working environment用户工作环境10. implementation phase实现阶段11. 测试数据test data12. 结构图structure chart13. 系统开发阶段system development phase14. 软件工程software engineering15. 系统分析员system(s) analyst16. 测试工程师test engineer17. 系统生命周期system life cycle18. 设计阶段design phase19. 黑盒测试black box testing20. 会计软件包accounting packageIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:development; testing; programmer; chart; engineer; attend; interfacessystem; software; small; userdevelop; changes; quality; board; UncontrolledIV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:软件工程是软件开发的一个领域；在这个领域中，计算机科学家和工程师研究有关的方法与工具，以使高效开发正确、可靠和健壮的计算机程序变得容易。

计算机专业英语教程(经典版)-精选文档600页

5
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
New Words & Expressions:
computerlike a. 计算机似的 electromechanical a. 机电的, 电机的
vacuum tubes 真空管
Census Bureau 人口普查局
thousands of 成千上万的
在ENIAC的研制中，一个天才的数学家Von Neuman(冯.诺伊曼)加入到 Eckert和Mauchly团队,他们一起提出了储存程序计算机的主意。这部机器被称做电子离散变量自动计算机, 或简称EDVAC,是第一部包括了计算机所有特征的机器。然而,直到1951年，它一直没有完成。
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1.1 The Invention of the Computer
在 EDVAC 完成之前，其他一些机器建成了，它们吸收了 Eckert 、 Mauchly和Neuman设计的要素。其中一部是在英国剑桥研制的电子延迟存储自动计算机,或简称EDSAC，它在1949年5月首次运行，它可能是世界的第一台电子储存程序、通用型计算机投入运行。在美国运行的第一部计算机是二进制自动计算机,或简称BINAC,它在1949年8月投入运行。
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1.1 The Invention of the Computer
1.1.2 The UNIVAC I
Like other computing pioneers before them, Eckert and Mauchly formed a company in 1947 to develop a commercial computer. The company was called the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. Their objective was to design and build the Universal Automatic Computer or UNIVAC. Because of difficulties of getting financial support, they had to sell the company to Remington Rand in 1950. Eckert and Mauchly continued to work on the UNIVAC at Remington Rand and completed it in 1951. Known as the UNIVAC I, this machine was the first commercially available computer.

《计算机英语教程双色版》英语答案考试整理

Lesson1II.1. external devices 1. 外部设备3. parallel device 3. 并行设备4. assembly language 4. 汇编语言9. integrated circuit 9. 集成电路10. main storage 10. 主存III.缩写完整形式中文意义1. ALU Arithmetic/Logic Unit 运算器2. CPU Central Processing Unit或Central中央处理器Processor Unit4. DSP Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理6. LED light-emitting diode 发光二级管8. RAM Random Access Memory 随机访问存储器10. RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer 精简指令集计算机IV. 1. instructions 2. devices 3. concept 4. consuming 5. integrated circuits6. space7. fit into8. Information Age9. embedded computer 10. controlV.计算机能够储存和执行被叫做程序的许多指令，这使其非常通用并不同于计算器。

丘奇—图灵论点就是对该多功能的一个精确陈述：原则上说，任何具有一定的最低性能的计算机都能够执行其他计算机所能够执行的任务。

因此，就计算机的性能和复杂性来说，无论是个人数字助手还是超型计算机，如果有足够的时间和储存能力，这些计算机都可以执行同样的计算任务。

Lesson2 Computer Hardware.2. computing power 2. 计算能力3. expansion board 3. 扩充卡，扩展板4. hand-held computer 4. 手持式计算机7. memory capacity 7. 内存容量9. portable computer 9. 便携式计算机10. tower model 10. 立式III.1. 便携式电话 1. cellular phone3. 图形用户界面 3. graphical user interface4. 高分辨率图形显示器 4. high-resolution graphics screen6. 大容量存储设备 6. mass storage devices7. 操作系统7. operating system8. 袖珍式计算机8. pocket computer9. 在因特网上冲浪9. surfing the InternetIV. 1. account for 2. backplane 3. hosts 4. microprocessor 5. main memory6. external storage7. video8. integrate9. chipset 10. capabilitiesV. CPU（中央处理单元）是计算机的“大脑”。