MEMO(4)

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备忘录范本

备忘录范本1.中文备忘录怎么写备忘录一、概述备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文。

在公文函件中，它的等级是比较低的，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。

在业务上，它一般用来补充正式文件的不足。

它的内容可以分为以下几项：书端（Heading）;收文人的姓名、头衔、地址（Addressee'sName,Title,Address）; 称呼（Salutation）;事因（Subject）;正文（Body）;结束语（ComplimentaryClose）;署名（Signature）。

二、注意事项书端部分包括发文机关的名称、地址、发文日期，有的还包括电报挂号、电传号、电话号码等。

许多机关有自己特制的信笺，在写书端时，其格式和标点符号的使用与一般信件的相同。

收文人（或收文单位）的姓名、头衔、地址一项写在左上角编号处的下面，其格式与书信的写法相同。

称呼从左边顶格写起，对一般机关、团体的负责人一般用DearSir，对政府官员可用Sir。

“事因”一项目前采用得较少。

它可放在称呼语之前，也可放在其后，前面可加Re或Docket,Subject。

如果此项写在称呼语之前，多从左边的顶格写起；若放在称呼语之后，一般写在信笺正中。

它多采用不完整的句子，只需很少几个词，甚至一个词，目的在于使收文人对文中的主要内容一目了然，便于及时处理。

正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。

2.备忘录的记录格式应该怎么写备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文.在公文函件中，它的等级是比较低的，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法.在业务上，它一般用来补充正式文件的不足.它的内容可以分为以下几项：书端（Heading）;收文人的姓名、头衔、地址（Addressee'sName,Title,Address）; 称呼（Salutation）;事因（Subject）;正文（Body）;结束语（ComplimentaryClose）;署名（Signature）.日事清是以GTD时间管理方法为主导的管理工具，收集、整理、组织、回顾、执行，让你每天的日程管理安排都会井井有条。

英语期中试题模板.

国防工业职业技术学院2011—2012学年第2学期期中考试试卷适用班级： 311级课程：英语命题：校对：题号一二三四五六七八合计得分阅卷Part Ⅱ Vocabulary & Structure (15 minutes)Directions:This part is to test your ability to use words and phrases correctly to construct meaningful and grammatically correct sentences. It consistsof 2 sections.Section ADirections:There are 10 incomplete statements here. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. The report gives a ____ picture of the company’s future development.A. central C. clearB. clean D. comfortable17. The company has been producing this model of machine tool___ 2008.A. since C. forB. after D. before18. Please____ your report carefully before you hand it in to me.A. turn to C. go overB. bring about D. put up19. The next board meeting will focus ____ the benefits for the employees.A. by C. withB. for D. on20. Breakfast can be____ to you in your room for an additional charge.A. eaten C. usedB. served D. mad21. If more money had been invested, we ____a factory in Asia.A. will set up C. would have set upB. have set up D. had set up22. Even in small companies, computers are a(n) ____tool.A. natural C. carefulB. essential D. impossible23. We were excited to learn that the last month’s sales ____by 30％.A. had increased C. are increasingB. increase D. have increase24. ____ your name and job title, the business card should also include your telephone number and address.A. As far as C. In spite ofB. In addition to D. As result of36. an AT＆T Business Direct account helps you .A. earn an interest from a bank accountB. make the first month’s payment onlyC. pay your telephone bill automaticallyD. enjoy all the available banking services37. The payment with AT＆T Business Direct account can be made online with .A. a passportB. a credit cardC. a driving licenseD. a traveler’s check38. If you have several registered accounts for payment, the first link that you should click is .A. “Select Payment Method” menuB. “Account Overview(概览)” summary.C. the“ Account Number” menuD. the “Pay Now” menu39. When making the first-time online payment, you wii be asked to .A. register your online account numberB. open several registered accountsC. select the payment method firstD. apply for a new credit card40. The passage is mainly about .A. how to pay phone bills by AT＆T Business DirectB. how to open an AT＆T Business Direct accountC. how to make use of online bank servicesD. how to start a small online businessTask 2Directions:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statementthere are 4 choices marked. A),B), C) and D. You should make the correctchoice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the center.If you own a car, you are probably considering buying some kind of car insurance(保险). However, when you are actually purchasing car insurance, it can be difficult for you to decide which is your best choice. The ideal buying process is to first research and decide, then purchase.Research firstBefore buying car insurance, you should find out the purchase of your purchase and how the insurance meets your needs.Decide on suitable Car Insurance Policies(保单)A neglected part of car insurance is the part which covers medical bills. Medical payments can add up very quickly in an accident situation, and the insurance should cover the bills incurred（招致）both by you and by the passengers in your car. Make sure you know the full value that your insurance covers.Purchase the best Car Insurance for your needsYou have a number of choices when it comes to the actual purchase of the car insurance. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and these may be influenced byB. do careful research on the different choicesC. choose the best insurance company.D. look for the lowest insurance rate42. The purchase of research is to find out whether the car insurance .A. includes all the advantagesB. best meet your needsC. offers the best rateD. is easy to purchase43. When buying car insurance, people often neglect .A. the damage to the carB. the bills paid by the passengersC. the part covering the medical billsD. the background of the insurance company44. According to the last paragraph, your choice of car insurance may also beinfluences by .A. your driving habitsB. the kind of car insuredC. the attitude of your family membersD. your own taste and buying experience45. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Medical Bills Covered in Car InsuranceB. Importance of Buying Car InsuranceC. Advice on Buying Car InsuranceD. Advantages of Car InsuranceTask 3Directions:The following is an advertisement. After reading it, you should complete the information by filling in the blanks marked 46 through 50in no more than 3 words bellow.Memo(备忘录)To: Katherine Anderson, ManagerFrom: Stephen Blank, Sales DepartmentDate: 19November, 2010Subject: Resignation(辞职)Dear Ms. Katherine AndersonI am writing to inform you of my intention to resign(辞职) from G＆S Company.I very much appreciate my four year’s working for the company. The training has been excellent and I have gained valuable experience working within an efficient and friendly team environment. In particularly, I am very grateful for your personal guidance during these first years of my career.I feel now that it is time to further develop my knowledge and skills in a different environment.I would like to leave, if possible, in a month’s time on Saturday, 18 December. This will allow me to complete my current job responsibility. I hope that this。

第四章、备忘录的写作

9/6/2011
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提示要点：
1、文字简洁、中心明确。 2、不必重复报告内容或推荐新的提议，但可强调或简短解释报告中的某项发现或结论。 3、可对准备报告过程中提供帮助的人表示感谢并希望得到接收人的反馈。 4、如可能，进一步强调作者在报告中的观点。
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提示要点：
1、此类备忘录一般是上级传达给下级或有关责任人的信件。祈使句得较多，语气具有一定的指令性。 2、句中祈使句使用的较多，语气具有一定的指令性。 3、保持礼貌。多用“Please”句型。 4、简明扼要地列出所解决的问题和期望的行动。
MEMORANDUM
To: Ted Masule From: K. Doherty, Manager Date: 21 April 2003 Subject: Purchase of Accounting Computing Packages 1.Your findings on our existing computing packages identified inadequacies.Your proposal indicated two new packages suited to our current and projected needs.
Free template from
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（二）内容部分(Body) （二）内容部分(Body)
内容部分的格式与书信写作一样，段落内的行距是一行，段落之间空两行。正文的格式一般为齐头式，很少用缩行式。
9/6/2011
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（三）备忘录写作的注意事项 (Points for attention of note) (Points note)

Unit 4 税法 Taxation Law

Unit 4 税法Taxation LawUnit 4 税法 Taxation Law1.企业所得税 Corporate Income Tax（1）符合条件的技术转让所得 Income from qualified transfer of technology企业所得税法称符合条件的技术转让所得免征、减征企业所得税,是指一个纳税年度内,居民企业转让技术所有权所得不超过500万元的部分,免征企业所得税;超过500万元的部分,减半征收企业所得税。

The income from qualified transfer of technology eligible for tax exemption or tax reduction refers to the part of income from qualified transfer of technology that is no more than 5 million yuan is eligible for tax exemption and the part that exceed 5 million yuan is subject to income tax with a reduction of 50%.（2）高新技术企业优惠 High and new technology Enterprises国家需要重点扶持的高新技术企业减按15%的税率征收企业所得税。

High and new technology enterprises that require key state support are subject to the applicable enterprise income tax rate of 15%.（3）研究开发费 Research and development expenses研究开发费是指企业为开发新技术、新产品、新工艺发生的研究开发费用,未形成无形资产计入当期损益的,在按照规定据实扣除的基础上,按照研究开发费用的50%加计扣除;形成无形资产的,按照无形资产成本的150% 摊销。

备忘录商务英语4

商务英语写作辅导资料四主题：对Unit 4备忘录(Memos)知识点的补充学习时间：2013年4月22日－4月28日内容：1. Introduction（概述）1) A memo is a clear, short, effective and concise document that allows you to communicate your ideas and initiatives in writing. It is commonly used for routine matters. It can be used for conveying messages in writing for comments. Memo may be sent upward, downward, or laterally within the organization. Most information transmitted within the office is by memos.备忘录是一种清楚、简短、有效、简明传达观点和行动方案的文书。

通常用于日常工作，可用于传递信息，发表意见。

还可上呈上级，下发内部各部门。

办公室内部的大部分信息都是靠备忘录传递的。

2) Memos and lettersMemos and letters are the two most common types of business communication.相同点：They communicate information and are commonly used in the world of business writing.不同点：Letters communicate with someone outside the organization. Memos are almost used to send information to colleagues, workers in other departments, and management personnel within an organization. The other important differences lie in:a. Memos are usually unceremonious in style;b. Memos are normally used for non-sensitive communication (communication to which the reader will not have an emotional reaction);c. Memos are short and to-the-point;d. Memos have a direct style;e. Memos do not have a salutation;f. Memos do not have a complimentary closing;g. Memos have a specific format that is very different from a business letter;h. Except for memos that serve as informal reports or instructional documents, the standard business memo format is not more than one page long.2. Memo format（备忘录格式）（本课重点）Standard memos are divided into segments to organize the information and to help achieve the writer’s purpose.1) Heading segment（标题部分）The heading segment follows this general format:TO: (readers’ names and job titles)FROM: (your name and job title)DATE: (complete and current date)SUBJECT: (what the memo is about, highlighted in some way)2) Opening segment（开始部分）The purpose of a memo is usually found in the opening paragraphs and is presented in three parts: the context and problem, the specific assignment or task, and the purpose of the memo.a. The context is the event, circumstance, or background of the problem you are solving.b. In the task statement you should describe what you are doing to help solve the problem.c. Finally, the purpose statement of a memo gives your reason for writing it and forecasts what is in the rest of the memo.3) Summary segment（总结部分）This segment provides a brief statement of the key recommendations you have reached. These will help your reader understand the key points of the memo immediately. This segment may also include references to methods and sources you have used in your research, but remember to keep it brief.4) Discussion segments（讨论部分）The discussion segments are the parts in which you get to include all the juicy details that support your ideas.a. Begin with the information that is most important. This may mean that you will start with key findings or recommendations.b. Start with your most general information and move to your specific or supporting facts.5) Closing segment（结尾部分）Now you’re almost done. After the reader has absorbed all of your information, you want to close with a courteous ending that states what action you want your reader to take. Make sure you consider how the reader will benefit6) Necessary attachments（必要的附件）Make sure you document your findings or provide detailed information whenever necessary. You can do this by attaching lists, graphs, tables, etc. at the end of your memo.3. 例题（本课难点）Sample 1MEMOTo: Helen Douglas, Production DirectorFrom: John Peterson, Chief ExecutiveDate: September 18, 2007Subject: Production for Machinery for Machine ShopAs you know the company is contemplating opening a new machine shop in thenear future. Our operations have been expanding so rapidly that such a development now appears inevitable. There are a number of questions, which we need to be thinking about and I would be grateful to hear your opinion on the idea.1) As to the choice of new machinery I would like to know whether you think we should buy or hire new equipment.2) Closely connected with the purchase or hire of machinery is the matter of maintenance. We also need to be discussed. How many new staff will be required, for example?4) At the same time I would appreciate it, if you could provide me with estimates of the probable working life of the equipment, which you propose.Could you please let me have your preliminary thoughts on the questions in time for our meeting next week?Sample 2MemoTo: All employees in food and beverage and FOH services.From: Tomas Luis, General ManagerDate: 29 July 2007Subject: Wear Top Pocket IDIt has come to my attention that staff have not been wearing top pocket IDs in the summer months (Opening segment). This is standard for all staff (Discussion segment). If you have lost your ID, please pick up a new one immediately from Personnel. It is a disciplinary offence not to wear ID whether in summer or winter (Closing segment).4. Useful Expressions1) As a result of yesterday’s meeting, I suggest we follow the project schedule listed below.2) This memo responds to your request that the weekly meeting be moved from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m.3) This memo presents my impressions of the meeting last week.4) This memo presents my findings of my visit to the computer lab at Clark C252.练习题（重点练习）1. It is important to write a good subject line in your memo. Read the memo below, and write a subject line for it.MemoTo: General Office ManagerFrom: Senior Service EngineerDate: 23 September 2007Subject: __________________________I have just been informed by our Cleaning Staff that a considerable quantity of cleaning equipment and fluid has recently gone.Let me say that I take a very serious view of theft, if the theft is what it is.Anyone found in possession of company materials or equipment outside work hours will be dismissed. We shall also prosecute.We must stop theft now. If it continues, we all pay the price.2. The following extract is from a telephone call. Suppose that you wanted to send a memo instead of making the telephone call. Please write the body part of the memo.Hello, Mr. Chan? This is William Tsang here. Yes, Senior Accounts Supervisor. Look, Mr. Chan, I’m afraid I made a slight mistake in the figures I sent you recently. Yes. Well, not really my fault. The computer was down. You know how these things are ... Would you like me to send over the revised figures? You would. OK.3. Write a memo based on the following information.Suppose that you (Tony Party) are a supervisor of a big company. The chief of operations (David Green) wants to adopt the “punch-in”system to increase productivity. You write a memo which covers the following issues:1) You agree with David in terms of increasing productivity in the company;2) You express doubt that “punch-in” system can tighten control over employees and increase productivity;3) You would like to meet David to discuss other means of incentives.答案：1. Subject: Missing cleaning supplies2. Body part: I’m afraid I made a slight mistake in the figures I sent you recently. This mistake was due to the computer system being out of operation. Please tell me if you need the revised figures.3. MemoTo: David Green, Chief of OperationsFrom: Tony Party, SupervisorDate: March 22, 2007Subject: Comments on the “Punch-in” SystemThis is further to your memo dated March 20, 2007, in which you proposed that employeesI fully agree with you that we must increase productivity. As far as your proposal is concerned, I don’t think we would have a tighter control over the employees if the “punch-in” system is adopted. I personally think that, to accomplish this, we should give the employees more incentives to work faster. I feel that if we (the supervisors) could meet with you, we could discuss different possibilities to create such incentives.Your consideration of this suggestion would be appreciated.T. P.。

酒店前台年终总结精编版（4篇）

酒店前台年终总结精编版岁月如梭，转眼又快迎来了新的一年。

在即将过去的____里，我在公司领导是同事的关心和热情帮助下，顺利完成了前台接待相应的工作。

现在对____的工作作出总结。

一、前台工作的基本内容。

前台的工作是一个需要有耐心和责任心的岗位，热诚、积极的工作态度很重要。

____月，我开始从事前台接待工作，深知接待人员是展示公司形象的第一人。

在工作中，严格按照公司的要求，工装上岗，五官清秀。

热情对待每一个来访客户，并热心的指引到相关的办公室。

为公司提供了方便，也为客户提供了方便。

接电话时，做到耐心听客户的询问，并力所能及的作出相应的解答。

二、前台工作的经验和教训。

在到____企业工作前，虽然也有过前台接待的工作经验，但是，还是需要不断学习和努力的。

比如综合素质方面，责任心和事业心有待进一步提高，服务观念有待进一步深入。

在工作期间，让我学会的如何更好的沟通，如何踏实的积极进取。

三、前台工作的下一步计划。

基于对前台接待工作的热爱，我会严格要求自己不但要遵守公司的相关工作制度，还要更积极踏实的对待工作。

努力提高工作素质，加强对工作的责任心和事业心。

我将进一步更好的展示自己的优点，克服不足，扬长避短。

与公司及同事团结一致，为公司创造更好的工作业绩!前台之所以被称之为“前台”，我想，在做好此项工作之前，首先应该对这个职位有个正确的认识，才有可能更好地发挥自己的潜力去做好它，完善它。

我觉得前台，不能单从字面上去理解它，认为它只是公司门面，只要外表装饰得漂亮就够了，而忽略了它的内在，这恰恰是最重要的东西。

前台作为公司整体形象的最直观体现，前台人员对来电、来访人员所说的每一句话、做的每一动作都会给对方留下深刻的印象，他们的印象不仅是对前台服务人员的印象，更是对公司整体的印象，所以前台服务人员在工作的过程中扮演着相当重要的角色。

前台是公司几乎所有信息的集中地，也是信息流通的主要窗口。

通过在前台工作的实习，可有利于新员工对公司内部组织结构的迅速了解，也有利于加强对公司新老客户的认识。

大学_全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免

全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版）4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 1 VocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge OxfordandCambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1.1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 2 Content questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -- backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day whenMinnesotawas hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the Vietnamveteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) aNew Yorkcabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating (8)hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderellas wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the Kings palace3) will be in readers hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1)applicants,veteran, the prospective2)From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, Ill talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. Im going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar inShanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back fromAustralia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, well have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible dont have much of a chance of success.全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版）4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免费下载地址全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 3 Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleons military campaign againstRussiaPart Three Paras 12-20 Hitlers military campaign against theSoviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitlers blitzkrieg againstRussiaand Stalins scorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles foughtatLeningrad,MoscowandStalingradSection Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tidein the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place inthe gloomy trenches ofFrance andBelgium.2) Elizabethmade careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.3) Its said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Dont sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.。

第四章、备忘录的写作

19
（四）移交备忘录(transmittal （四）移交备忘录(transmittal memo)
移交备忘录是附着主要文件一起送去的。主要信息一般是比较正式的，篇幅较长的文件，在其扉页上附着收件人需要的数据等细节。它的目的是介绍随往报告的主要内容。第一段点名主题，后面接具体细节和应采取的行动。
25
提示要点：
1、此类备忘录一般是上级传达给下级或有关责任人的信件。祈使句得较多，语气具有一定的指令性。 2、句中祈使句使用的较多，语气具有一定的指令性。 3、保持礼貌。多用“Please”句型。 4、简明扼要地列出所解决的问题和期望的行动。
MEMORANDUM
To: Ted Masule From: K. Doherty, Manager Date: 21 April 2003 Subject: Purchase of Accounting Computing Packages 1.Your findings on our existing computing packages identified inadequacies.Your proposal indicated two new packages suited to our current and projecteBrown, Head of the Marketing Department FROM: Seott Young, Assistant Professor DATE: September 6 2003 SUBJECT: Survey on Investment
Here is the report on customer demographics in ABC area for the Marketing Department. We concentrated on the 20 to 50 age bracket as requested. Our study revealed a growing number of customers in this group. And it should respond well to your investment and saving instruments, mortgage financing, and consumer loan programs.

第四章商务文书--课堂使用

第四章商务文书第一节备忘录、会议纪要第二节日程和议程第三节商务报告**************************************************一、备忘录Memo备忘录（Memo, Memorandum的缩写，后者的复数形式是Memoranda），是一种―录以备忘式‖的文件，主要用于公司内部的处理公务、交流信息。

1、备忘录特点1)语言通俗、简洁；2)要点清晰，明确职责；3)形式简单，用途广泛；4)格式规范，便于存档。

2、备忘录结构1）笺头(Memo Head)：T o：受函人From：致函人Subject：事由Date：日期2)主体(Body)主体部分应该简短扼要，每一段写一个问题。

3)复写副本(Carbon Copy)常缩写为CC, 后跟接收该备忘录副本的其他人。

4)署名(Signature)一般情况下，不需要署名。

3、实例（见教材）4、练习：假设你是办公室主任，请写一个备忘录，提醒各个部门的领导在总经理出差期间有关事宜的安排，主要包括以下几点：1）总经理将于11月10日到北京出差，本周例会取消；2）总经理出差期间，副总经理将负责日常事物，并主持下一次例会。

3）通知下一次例会的时间。

Answers:二、会议纪要Minutes会议纪要是如实记录会议的组织情况、主要内容以及会议产生结果的商务写作文体。

会议纪要是会议的重要见证，凡是正式的会议都要有记录。

认真做好会议纪要是秘书在会议过程中的一项主要工作。

会议纪要与会议记录的区别性质不同：会议记录是会议讨论发言的实录，属于事务文书。

会议纪要是依照会议记录加以整理而形成的一种文体，只记要点，属于法定行政公文。

功能不同：会议记录一般不公开，无须传达或传阅，只作资料存档；会议纪要通常要在一定范围内传达或传阅，要求贯彻执行。

1、|会议纪要的主要内容1）会议的概况:会议的名称、开会的时间、地点、主持人、出席人、记录人等。

如果出席人很多，不必把姓名都写上。

VFP语言基础知识

1.内存变量的命名
(1)由汉字、字母、数字、下划线组成，而且必须以汉字、字母或下划线开头。 (2)长度最多128个字符。（一个汉字占2个字节） (3)不能使用VFP的保留字。
例1：在下列字符串中，不符合VFP规定的、非法的变量名是（）
A、GZINPUT2 B、A_SK97 C、4AK D、姓名
2.3.5逻辑表达式
5、逻辑表达式
经验: 与运算:全真为真; 或运算:全假为假; 非运算:真为假,假为真;
例1：
?3+5>6.and.4+7<10 ?3+5>6.and.4+7>10 ?3+5<6.and.4+7<10 ?3+5<6.and.4+7>10
2.3.5逻辑表达式
例2： ?3+5>6.or.4+7< 10 ?3+5>6.or.4+7> 10 ?3+5<6.or.4+7<
2.3.1 数值表达式
１、算术表达式运算符号：+ - * / **或^ %(求余)
例：
? 2**3 ? 12+45 ? 12%5 ? (2*3-4)/2
2.3.2 字符表达式
2、字符表达式（１）＋：联接，联接两个字符型数据例： ?“AB”+”CD” （２）－：将前边字符串尾部空格压缩到后边字符串的尾部例： ?“ab ” – “cd” ?len(“ab ” – “cd”)
性别出生日期系别贷款否补贴
女 1982-7-12 管理 TRUE 30
男 1983-11-20 法律 FALSE 30

新编大学英语综合教程四词汇表

UNIT1：In-class reading:1.anatomy 构造；结构；解剖学2.bureaucrat 官僚主义者3.cartoonist 漫画家4.clarification 澄清；解释5.clown 小丑edian 滑稽演员；喜剧演员7.cross-talk 相声8.double entendre 双关语9.entertaining 有趣的；令人愉快的10.familiarity 熟悉；精通11.gathering 聚会12.humorist 有幽默感的人13.humorless 缺乏幽默感的人14.idiot 笨蛋；蠢材15.irritated 恼火的；不耐烦的ughable可笑的；荒唐的ughter 笑；笑声18.misuse 误用；滥用19.mutual 相互的；共同的20.prance 神气活现地走/移动21.principal校长；最重要的22.pun双关语23.refined有礼貌的；有教养的24.riddle谜语；奥秘25.riddler出谜语的人26.selectively有选择地27.setting（戏剧；小说）背景28.setup机制；结构29.slapstick滑稽表演；打闹剧30.sparkling闪亮的；闪光的31.string一连串；一系列32.suggestive产生邪念的；挑逗的33.tease戏弄；取笑34.tempt怂恿；引诱某人做35.universal普遍的；全体的36.vulgar粗俗的；庸俗的37.beyond the reach of sb.在某人深受其害够不着的地方38.flash a smile对某人一笑39.make an attempt to do sth.努力做某事；试图做某事40.make fun of 嘲弄；拿…开玩笑UNIT1: After-class reading1.aristocracy 贵族2.assemble集合；聚集；收集3.clockwork发条装置4.convict宣判…有罪5.cosy温暖舒适的6.dated老式的；过时的7.detection发觉；察觉8.drama戏剧；电视剧9.fiction小说10.fictional小说的；虚构的11.gardener园丁；园艺工人12.hierarchy等级制度13.loose ends未完成的部分14.miscarriage审判不公；误判15.morally道德上；道义上16.obsession着魔；困扰人的想法17.penalty刑罚；处罚18.predictable可预言的；可预料的19.psychologically心理地20.shortage短缺；缺乏21.unsettle使不安；扰乱22.whereabouts行踪；去向23.whodunit侦探小说（电影）24.wrongly不正确地；错误地25.end with以…结束26.in short简而言之；总之27.take on呈现；以…面貌出现28.under arrest被捕；在押29.without doubt确实（强调某观点）30.like clockwork顺利地；极有规律性和准确性地UNIT2: In-class reading1.aloof冷淡的；超然离群的2.characterize描绘；描述…的特征3.column（报纸；书页）栏plimentary赞美的；赞赏的5.cordial诚挚而友好的6.deserve值得；应得；应受7.drawback不利条件；缺点8.enterprise企业；公司；事业9.freshness新意；勃勃生机10.insincere不真诚的11.inspiring激励人心的12.intrigue激起…好奇心；迷住13.investment投资；投资额14.long-distance远距离的；长途的15.mayor市长；镇长16.memo备忘录17.mentor导师；指导者estone重大事件；里程碑19.overdue早该完成/发生的；延误20.pad便笺本；拍纸簿21.poetic富有诗意的22.practitioner从事者；实践者；从业者23.precise精确的；准确的24.rag-eared折角的；破旧的；翻旧的25.recipient接受者；接收者26.savor品味；体验；品尝27.scribble潦草地书写；乱涂乱画28.sentimental多愁善感的；多情的29.spirit-lifting鼓舞人心的30.stationary文具；信纸31.thrive兴旺；繁荣；茁壮成长32.typewriter打字机33.unresponsive无反应的；冷淡的34.upbeat乐观的；快乐的35.vague含糊的；不明确的36.virtually差不多；实际上37.well-wishing良好祝愿38.a pat on the back 鼓励；表扬39.at hand在近处/手边40.attach importance to重视41.be on to有头绪；认识到…重要意义42.follow sth. up 采取后续行动43.lift up鼓舞；激励44.make a habit of养成…的习惯45.pass along使某人非常高兴46.shy away from(因害怕)回避/躲避47.turn around 向好的方向发展48.walk of life行业；职业；阶层UNIT2: After-class reading1.billfold皮夹子2.blurt脱口而出3.coffin棺材4.delightful漂亮的；令人愉快的5.edgy易怒的；不安的6.farmhouse农舍7.incessantly不停地8.mischievousness淘气；调皮9.novice新手的；生手的10.permission允许11.proceed（朝某方向）移动12.ragged破旧的13.remainder剩下的人/东西/时间14.serviceman军人15.shrug耸肩（表怀疑、冷漠）16.sideways向一边地；横着地17.wink眨眼；眨眼示意18.act on/upon根据…行事19.do sth. once too often反复做（危险、愚蠢或令人恼火的事）20.get out of hand 无法控制21.if only但愿；要是…就好了22.make sth. of理解；解释23.move on更换工作/班级/活动24.tear off撕掉；扯下25.to this day至今1.aspiration强烈愿望；志向2.assign分配；指定；分派3.bias偏见；成见4.biased有偏见的5.constitute设立；被视为6.culturally文化上；人文地7.feminine女性的；妇女的8.gender性别9.genetic基因的；遗传学的10.indirectly间接地11.innumerable无数的；数不清的12.masculine男子气概的13.neatness整洁14.non-sexist非性别歧视的15.northeastern在/来自东北部的16.noticeably显著地；明显地17.nursery托儿所18.participation参与；参加19.postgraduate博士后的20.preschooler学龄前儿童21.stereotyped老一套/模式化的22.subordination处于次要地位23.tremendous巨大的；强有力的24.unintentional无心的；不故意的25.unknowingly没意识到的26.vital极其重要的27.as a matter of fact 事实上；实际上28.call on要求（某人做某事）29.carry over继续存在；保持30.fall behind落后31.in accordance with按照；依照32.put away放好；收好33.turn out生产；制造34.up to直到1.allocate分配；配给2.contempt轻视；轻蔑3.discrimination歧视4.disregard忽视；不顾5.disrupt扰乱；使…混乱6.dramatically显著地7.essay论说文；散文8.hopeful给人以希望的9.lecturer讲师；讲课者10.pervade弥漫；遍布11.rightful公正的；合法的12.sloppy马虎的；凌乱的13.unladylike缺乏淑女风度的14.at a disadvantage处于不利地位15.be in a/the minority 占少数16.for ages 很长时间17.go too far做得太过分cator教育家2.manufacture制造；生产3.motivation动力；积极性4.multiplication乘法运算5.practically几乎；简直6.scorn轻蔑；鄙视7.workable切合实际的8.be up to取决于；是…的职责9.involve sb. in使某人加入10.sacrifice for牺牲1.agenda意图；计划；历程2.awkwardly笨拙地3.dexterity灵巧4.expectantly期望地；期待地5.exploratory探索的；考察的6.incomplete不完整的7.intervene干涉；干预8.intervention干涉；干预9.intrusive干涉的；不受欢迎的10.manual用手的；手工的11.mere仅仅，只不过12.passerby过路人13.rectangular长方形的14.reorient重定…的方位15.shirttail衬衣下摆16.slot窄缝；一段时间17.stroller婴儿车18.vicinity邻近地区19.vigorously强有力地20.for the sake of为了…的缘故21.not in the least一点也不22.on occasion有时；间或23.time and again屡次；一再UNIT5: In-class reading1.athlete 运动员2.cereal谷类早餐3.championship冠军地位4.confining局限的；限制的5.dunk扣篮；灌篮6.endorsement赞许；支持7.half-time中场休息8.honesty诚实9.life-sized与实物大小一样的10.outweigh重要性/价值超过11.pastureland牧场；牧地12.pedestal（雕像；柱子）底座13.publicity关注14.scary可怕的；恐怖的15.sneaker胶底运动鞋16.tightrope绷索；钢丝17.worship崇拜；崇敬18.give of sth.献出19.give sth. a try试一下20.have/throw a fit大发脾气；大吃一惊21.look up to sb.尊敬某人22.measure up to符合；达到23.take sth. too far将某事做得太过分24.you name it 你说的出25.it’s not the end of the world未到世界末日26.put/place sb. on a pedestal把某人当作偶像崇拜27.worship the ground sb. walks on拜倒在某人脚下（看不到其缺点）UNIT5: After-class reading1.arena领域；活动舞台2.artificially人为地；人工地3.athletics体育运动4.attorney律师5.champion冠军；捍卫者6.conceited自负的7.courageous有勇气的；勇敢的8.deform使变形；使成畸形9.disadvantaged弱势的；地位低下的10.discard丢弃；抛弃11.eligibility有资格12.fame 名望；声誉13.flatter谄媚；奉承14.fundamentally基本地，根本上15.gloriously光荣地；壮丽地16.heavyweight重量级人物；巨头17.indomitable不屈服的18.inevitably不可避免地19.invariably总是；始终如一地20.legitimate公正合理/合法的21.legitimately合理地；正当地22.medieval中世纪的23.misguided（想法）错误的24.needless不需要的25.overprotect过分保护26.paradox自相矛盾（的情况）27.perpetually无休止地；频繁地28.pipe fitter管道工29.privilege特权；优惠；荣幸30.privileged有特权的31.rape强奸32.reasoning推理；推论33.rightfully合法地；正当地34.selflessness无私35.sexual性的；与性有关的36.shield保护；防护物37.statewide影响全州的38.talented有天资的39.thankfully幸运地；万幸地40.thrilling引人入胜的41.unheard-of前所未闻的42.unremarkable不引人注意的43.and the like诸如此类的44.look to指望；依靠45.needless to say不用说；当然46.on top of除…以外；以及47.rise above克服；摆脱48.be blessed with sth.有幸享有；具有49.measure sb./sth against sb./sth将…与…比较UNIT6: In-class reading1.accordingly相应的；因此2.armored装甲车3.definitive确定的；决定性的4.denominator 分母5.exposure暴露；显露6.fraction分数；小数；少量7.hypochondria疑病症8.hypochondriac疑病症患者9.inconvenience不便；麻烦10.inflate（使）膨胀；吹捧11.miner矿工12.neurotic神经症患者13.numerator分子14.partial部分的；偏瘫的15.physician（内科）医生16.probability可能性；概率17.ratio比率；比例18.riskiness风险性19.risky冒险的；非常危险的20.roughly大概；大约21.symptom症状22.versus与…相对；与…相比23.all manner of各种各样的24.end up最终处于…25.feed on由…助长；以…为食26.in question讨论的；谈论中的27.reduce to使…陷入更坏状况28.on the strength of基于…；由于…的影响UNIT6: After-class reading1.catastrophic灾难性的2.costly过于昂贵/代价高的3.deficit差额；逆差4.discount不重视；降价5.disproportionately不成比例地6.enormously极大程度上地7.funding专款；拨款8.hence因此；从此时起9.immediacy紧迫性；即时性10.incidence发生率；发病率11.incubation（疾病）潜伏期12.indifferent冷漠的；一般的13.insignificant不重要的14.killer杀手；杀人者15.lesser较小的；次要的16.loom赫然出现17.nonetheless尽管如此18.notable值得注意的19.opinion poll民意测验20.payable应支付的；可支付的21.permanent永久的；永恒的22.piper吹笛人；风笛吹奏者23.preoccupied全神贯注24.principally主要地25.proportion比例；部分26.radiation辐射27.reassessment重新评估28.repeatedly一再；反复29.seriousness严重性30.short-sighted目光短浅/无远见的31.specifically明确地；具体地32.stroke中风；脑卒中33.terror恐惧34.time lag时间差；时间间隔35.understandable可以理解的36.bear in mind记住；考虑到37.by virtue of由于；凭借38.make sense有道理；合乎情理39.other/all things being equal如果一切如愿的话；如果其他条件不变40.strike terror/fear into sb.’s heart使某人感到恐惧/害怕41.bring sth. under control控制；抑制1.adequate适当的；足够的mencement毕业典礼3.crucial重要的；决定性的4.erase擦掉；抹去5.faculty全体教员；系；学院6.fantasy想象；幻想7.forgiving宽容的8.formulate确切地表达9.garrulous喋喋不休的10.mediocre中等的；平庸的11.midterm期中考试12.painless容易的；省事的13.parlous恶劣的；危险的14.preparatory准备阶段的15.presentation陈述；说明；提供16.pretense假装；伪装17.quitter轻易放弃的人18.slipshod不认真的；马虎的19.supposedly据认为20.tolerant宽容的；容忍的21.triple三部分的；三重的22.unchallenging毫无挑战的23.unimaginative毫无想象力的24.unlearn抛掉；设法忘记25.act out表现；将…表现出来26.by no means绝不；一点也不27.get away with sth.逃脱（惩罚）28.get down to开始做某事29.look back on回顾30.the easy way out省事的做法31.preparatory school私立学校；预备学校32.pop into one’s mind/head突然冒出（想到）33.take a close look(at sth.)仔细考虑；仔细看1.administrator管理者2.arcane神秘的；晦涩难懂的arre古怪的4.chilling使人害怕/担心的5.contented满足的；满意的6.curse咒骂；臭骂7.demented奇怪的；愚蠢的8.desperation绝望9.downhill下坡的10.executive主管；经理11.exhilarating令人兴奋的12.frigid寒冷的；严寒的13.glaze（眼睛）变呆滞14.glide滑行；滑动15.kneel跪16.leisurely悠闲的；从容的17.moan抱怨；牢骚；呜咽18.mutter咕哝；低声说19.obscure晦涩的，鲜为人知的20.pathetic令人同情的；无用的21.precursor前身；初期形式22.realization意识到；实现23.regurgitate（不加思考地）重复24.rotten极讨厌的；腐烂的25.scrunch挤压；皱紧26.sidewalk人行道27.soothe安慰；减轻28.stagger蹒跚；错开；使吃惊29.stomp跺脚；重踩30.weep哭泣/(伤口)出液体31.be all downhill一切都很容易32.cough up勉强给予（钱；信息）33.ease sb. mind宽慰某人34.in session在上课；在开会35.lock up把某人监禁起来36.sit around闲坐；无所事事37.sure enough果然；果真38.think straight清楚地思考39.against all (the) odds尽管有极大困难40.do sth. from memory凭记忆做41.shoot question at sb.对…提出一串问题1.addict对…着迷的人2.antique古老的；古董的3.biochemical生物化学的4.brink边缘；关头5.chronobiology时间生物学6.cult邪教；时尚观念态度7.desynchronise使不同步8.external外在的；外用的9.Hispanic来自西班牙/葡萄牙语的国家的10.humidity湿度；湿热11.inborn与生俱来的12.internal内部的；内政的13.mob暴民；乌合之众14.outgoing外向的；外出的15.perceptual感知的；感觉的16.reshape重塑；给…以新形式17.resynchronise重新同步18.stove炉子19.synchronisation同步20.synchronise使同步21.synchroniser同步器/装置22.thereby因此；借此；从此23.timepiece钟；表24.tyranny控制；支配；暴政25.unclock使不受时钟约束26.unison一致或协调的行动27.wristwatch手表28.adjust to使适合；使适应29.frown upon不赞成；反对30.summon up鼓起（勇气等）31.live/be work in harmony融洽地在一起生活/工作1.absurd荒谬的；荒唐的2.agriculturist农学家3.attache使馆专员4.consciously有意识地5.context环境；背景；上下文6.counterpart职务/功能相当的人/物7.distortion歪曲；变形8.embassy大使馆官员；大使馆9.explicit明确的；清晰的10.heel（脚；鞋；袜）后跟11.interval间隔；中场休息12.relay传达；转播；接力赛13.reluctantly勉强地；不情愿地14.stir激发；搅动15.unreasonable不合理的；荒谬的16.urgency紧急；迫切17.utmost极度的；最大可能18.be subject to易遭受；易受影响e through（信息）传来20.cool one’s heels被迫久等；空等21.in effect事实上；实际上22.loud and clear明白易懂的23.sick and tired of厌烦的24.to the effect that大意是；大致是25.a matter of life/or death生死攸关的事情UNIT9: In-class reading1.adaptable适应性强的2.assimilate吸收；理解3.atomic原子能的；原子的4.batch一批；一群5.blacksmith铁匠6.bloom开花；绽放7.contradict同…矛盾/抵触；反驳8.convert使转化/改变信仰9.disastrous灾难性的10.emotionally情感上地11.ethic道德标准12.evolution演变；进化13.experimentation实验；试验14.geometrically按几何数地15.icebox电冰箱16.innovation新观念/发明；创新17.objectivity客观性18.obsolete被淘汰的；过时的19.prosperity繁荣；成功20.revolutionize使彻底变革21.scholar学者；奖学金获得者22.segment部分；片；断23.to be exact确切地说24.catch one’s breath喘一口气；稍作休息25.out of the ordinary不寻常的26.have sb./sth. in mind心中想着（某人或某事）UNIT9: After-class reading1.activate启动；使活动2.alphabetical按字母表顺序的3.centimeter厘米4.correlation相互关系；关联5.delicately谨慎地6.evaluator评估员；评价者7.experimental实验性的8.holograph全息照片9.intimate隐私/个人的；暗示10.manipulation操纵；控制11.measurement衡量；某物大小12.molecular分子的13.programmer计算机程序员14.psychiatric精神病学的15.requirement要求；条件；必需品16.resonance共鸣17.resonate使产生感情共鸣18.tab小纸条；小标签19.temperamental气质/性格/易发怒的；20.valve阀；活门；瓣膜21.a touch of sth.少许；一点22.let sth. go不再担心；不用考虑23.on the grounds of根据…；以…为理由24.pick out 挑出；选出；分辨出25.keep(close) tab on密切注意；密切监视26.keep sth.to oneself秘而不宣；保守秘密27.none of sb.’s business别管闲事UNIT10: In-class reading1.bald秃头的2.bard诗人3.breathlessly呼吸急促地；气喘吁吁地4.brogue（爱尔兰/苏格兰）土腔5.bug突出；张大；窃听；虫子6.clout布mentary评论；注释；实况报道8.flunk使不及格9.fumble摸索；笨手笨脚地摸10.gravely严肃认真地11.hardware五金器具；硬件装备12.humiliation耻辱；丢脸13.idiom习语；成语14.illustrious杰出的；卓越的15.indignantly愤怒地16.instructor大学讲师；教员17.memento小纪念品18.mercy哎呀；仁慈宽容19.mumble含糊地说；咕哝20.mustache八字须21.overhear偶然听到22.pasteboard硬纸板23.physicist物理学家24.posterity后代25.primly一本正经地；古板地26.queer古怪的；难以解释的27.script笔记；手写体28.sidle悄悄地走近29.simpleton傻瓜；呆子30.straggly凌乱的；蔓延的31.surmise推测；猜测32.telescope望远镜33.temporal短暂的；受时间限制的34.transference转移；传输；调动35.untouched没被碰过的；未改变的36.vest马甲；背心；授予37.wholesale批发；批发的38.wring绞出；拧干；强行取得39.yell大叫大嚷40.bone up on钻研；温习41.help out分担工作；帮助解决问题42.polish up完善；改进；擦亮43.on account of因为；由于44.toss of一饮而尽；轻而易举完成UNIT10: After-class reading1.absence缺席；不在2.accusation指控；控告3.affidavit书面证词；宣誓书4.agony创痛；苦难5.ale麦芽酒；高酒精度啤酒6.anguish极度痛苦；剧痛7.apprehensively忧虑的；担心的8.asylum精神病院；庇护所9.baseless无根据的10.behold见到；看11.bitterly痛苦地；愤怒地12.blackmail敲诈；勒索13.bribery行贿14.brutal残忍的；不讲情面的15.cabin小木屋；船舱；机舱16.candidacy候补资格；候选人17.clamor要求；吵闹声18.climax高潮；使达到高潮19.corruptionist营私舞弊者20.deceased死者；已故之人21.democratic民主的22.disgraceful丢脸的；可耻的23.disheartening令人沮丧的；令人灰心的24.drunken醉的25.dub给…起绰号；配音26.falsehood谎言；说谎；虚伪性27.filthy猥亵的；肮脏的；淫秽的28.gazette报纸29.gubernatorial州长职位的30.heartless无情冷酷的31.incite激起；煽动32.infamous声名狼藉的33.inmate囚犯；精神病人34.intent急切的；渴望的；专心的35.liar说谎者36.liquor烈性酒37.listlessly倦怠地；无精打采地38.lunatic精神病患者；疯子39.nominate提名；推荐；指定40.obstruct挡住；阻塞41.outraged狂怒的42.perjurer伪证者43.perjury伪证罪；假誓罪44.persecution迫害；虐待45.plantation大蕉（植物）46.rattlesnake响尾蛇47.republican共和国/共和政体的48.robbery盗窃；抢劫49.shameful丢脸的；可耻的50.shameless无耻的；不知羞耻的51.slander诽谤52.snatcher绑架者；抢夺者53.suspiciously怀疑地；猜疑地54.undercurrent潜伏的情绪55.vengeance报复；复仇56.vile卑鄙可耻的57.vote选票；投票58.withdrawal收回；撤销59.clear up澄清；解释60.knock down击倒；撞倒；摧毁61.send in递送；呈交62.set about开始；着手63.slip away不知不觉地过去；错过64.take vengeance upon/on报复65.delirium tremens震颤性谵妄66.blame sth. on sb./sth.把…归咎于。

Memos 4

Memos
Content
• • • • • Definition of Memo Layout Writing Skills 7-Step Plan Exercise
Definition of Memo
• Memo is a formal written communication between two individuals in the same business organisation.
Exercise 2
• You are a seminar organiser. You want to check details for an event next week with your two assistants. Write an email to your staff. • Say which rooms you have booked for the event. • Ask them to confirm the schedule with security. • Explain that one participant will be late.
Writing Skills
• Example : • You are the new Advertising Director of S&B firm. You are now designing an ad program. You need a 15-min 15appointment with each of the firm’s 15 firm’ account supervisors to discuss their ideas about how best to advertise the firm. Write a memo (60-70 words). (60-

外贸信函

4.如果内容较长，可以适当分段并且标注编号，可以用1，2，3或者A，B，C 等符号标识不同的内容。
5.语言应该礼貌。
6.便函写作会涉及到开会时间和地点等问题。要想将这样的信息传递清楚就涉及到正确使用表示时间和地点的介词，而这仅仅是需要注意的语法知识的以小部分而已。不仅非正式文体写作需要注意语法知识，书信和报告中也要注意这些细节，因此本书专门就重要的语法知识进行了专项讲解。有关语法讲解和练习请参看本书第5章第2单元的内容。
Note的写作格式
先看几个例子，了解一下note 的结构和写作方法。
报告型
Memo
To： James Palmer, Sales Director
From: Jane Philips, Regional Sales Manager
Date: 23 April 2004
Subject：Survey
As requested by Managing Director，I have done a consumer research survey concerning our product. The survey showed that the market potential for our own brand shirts would be negligible.
Potential [p??ten?l] n. 潜能；可能性；[(+for)]
Negligible ['negl?d??b(?)l] a.可以忽略的；无关紧要的；微不足道的；
有时候memo根据情况可能会更加口语化一些。在有些情况下还可以直接手写：
Memo
To： Sheila From：Pauls

Memos

• 1) No normal greetings • 2) Clear subject headings • 3) Direct indication of the situation discussgraph
• 5) Numbering each paragraph clearly • 6) Be as objective as possible
• 4.3.1 Subject headings
• 4.3.2 Single topic • 4.3.3 Conversational tone • 4.3.4 Conciseness • 4.3.5 Visual signaling
4.4 Components of Memos
• The format for memos varies from company to company. However, all memos, regardless of format, include the following five guide words: - Memorandum or Memo, or Interoffice Memorandum. - Date. - To: (shows the name of the person who will receive the message. The receiver's job title is often included.) - From: (shows the name of the writer of the message.) - Subject: tells the topic of the memo. It should be clear, concise and complete.

人文英语四作文题目a memo

人文英语四作文题目a memo全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1MemorandumTo: All StaffFrom: HR DepartmentDate: [Insert Date]Subject: Guidelines for Maintaining a Positive Workplace EnvironmentAs a company that prides itself on diversity and inclusivity, it is important that we create and maintain a positive workplace environment for all our employees. In order to achieve this, we must all work together to foster a culture of respect, acceptance, and collaboration. The following guidelines are meant to help us achieve this goal:1. Respect: Treat all co-workers with respect and dignity, regardless of their position, background, or beliefs. Avoid making discriminatory or derogatory remarks, and refrain fromengaging in any behavior that could be considered bullying or harassment.2. Communication: Open and honest communication is key to building trust and mutual understanding among colleagues. Be receptive to feedback and constructive criticism, and be mindful of your tone and language when communicating with others.3. Collaboration: Work together as a team to achieve common goals and objectives. Be willing to listen to others' ideas and perspectives, and be open to compromise and consensus-building in order to reach mutually beneficial solutions.4. Conflict Resolution: In the event of disagreements or conflicts, address the issue calmly and professionally. Seek to understand the other person's point of view, and work towards finding a resolution that is fair and equitable for all parties involved.5. Diversity and Inclusivity: Embrace and celebrate the diverse backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences of your colleagues. Be inclusive and accepting of all individuals, and strive to create a welcoming and supportive environment for everyone.By following these guidelines and committing to upholding a culture of positivity and respect in the workplace, we can create a more harmonious and productive work environment for all employees. Thank you for your cooperation and dedication to making our company a great place to work.Sincerely,[HR Department]篇2MemoTo: All StaffFrom: HR DepartmentDate: [Insert Date]Subject: Importance of Human English in the WorkplaceDear Team,As we continue to strive for excellence in our work environment, it is important to recognize the significance of human English in our daily interactions. Human English refers to the use of clear, concise, and respectful language in our communication with one another. This memo aims to highlightthe importance of human English in the workplace and provide some tips on how to improve our communication skills.Effective communication is essential in building strong relationships among colleagues and fostering a positive work environment. By using human English, we can reduce miscommunication, misunderstandings, and conflicts that may arise due to unclear or inappropriate language. When we communicate with respect and empathy, we are better able to connect with others and create a more harmonious workplace.Here are some tips on how to incorporate human English into your daily communication:1. Use clear and concise language: Avoid using jargon, slang, or ambiguous terms that may confuse your colleagues. Instead, communicate in a straightforward manner that conveys your message clearly and effectively.2. Practice active listening: Pay attention to what others are saying and show genuine interest in their thoughts and opinions. Ask clarifying questions and seek to understand their perspective before responding.3. Be mindful of your tone: The tone of your voice and written messages can greatly impact how your message isreceived. Aim to communicate in a friendly and respectful manner, even when addressing difficult topics.4. Offer constructive feedback: When providing feedback to your colleagues, focus on specific behaviors or actions rather than making personal attacks. Be constructive in your criticism and offer suggestions for improvement.5. Show appreciation: Recognize and acknowledge the efforts of your colleagues by expressing gratitude and praise for their contributions. A simple "thank you" can go a long way in building positive relationships.By incorporating these tips into your daily communication, we can create a more inclusive and supportive work environment that promotes collaboration, creativity, and mutual respect among colleagues. Let us all strive to improve our human English skills and contribute to a positive and productive workplace.Thank you for your attention to this important matter.Best regards,HR Department篇3MemoTo: All employeesFrom: [Your name]Date: [Date]Subject: Humanitarian Efforts in the WorkplaceAs we all know, humanitarian efforts involve taking action to improve the welfare and wellbeing of individuals and communities. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of incorporating humanitarian values into our everyday lives, including the workplace. This memo is to highlight the significance of incorporating humanitarian efforts in our workplace and to encourage all employees to actively participate in promoting humanitarian values.One way in which we can incorporate humanitarian efforts in the workplace is by fostering a culture of empathy and compassion. This involves being considerate and understanding towards our colleagues, and supporting them in times of need. It also involves actively listening to others, showing compassion and treating everyone with respect and dignity. By fostering a culture of empathy and compassion, we can create a workplacethat is supportive and inclusive, where everyone feels valued and respected.Another way in which we can promote humanitarian efforts in the workplace is by engaging in acts of kindness and generosity. This could involve volunteering our time and resources to support charitable causes, or by helping those in need within our workplace. By engaging in acts of kindness and generosity, we can make a positive impact on the lives of others and contribute to creating a more compassionate and caring workplace.Furthermore, we can promote humanitarian efforts in the workplace by raising awareness of social issues and advocating for positive change. This could involve organizing awareness campaigns, events and initiatives that support social causes and raise awareness of issues such as poverty, inequality and injustice. By raising awareness and advocating for positive change, we can help to create a workplace that is socially responsible and committed to making a positive impact on society.In conclusion, incorporating humanitarian efforts in the workplace is crucial for creating a positive and inclusive work environment. I encourage all employees to actively participate in promoting humanitarian values and to support each other infostering a culture of empathy, compassion and kindness. Together, we can make a difference and create a workplace that is supportive, inclusive and committed to making a positive impact on society.Thank you for your attention.[Your name]。

全新版大学英语综合教程4(第二版)课后练习答案

全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案主编：李荫华上海外语教育出版社Unit 1Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaignsfailed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against RussiaPart Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in anymilitary campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy Section Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad SectionThree Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and theoutcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the nearfuture.2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of rawmaterials due to the dock workers’ strike3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way ofher career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date/obso lete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regionsto build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with thisproblem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt byconstant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory againstthe Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During thisfamous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the Germanarmy by launching a series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to allmy words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body couldwithstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if youfall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticatedweapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasinglydesperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in theair 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population8. puzzling differences Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6)monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor 2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact10) fatalitiesII. Translation1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall inliving standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with globaltemperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing foreverthe way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Text AContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -- backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstormsin years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to takeoff from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to jobapplicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee. Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile, the New YorkMarathon and the Vietnamveteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted(out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinder ella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace3) will be in readers’ hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1）applicants,veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. beacceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’ll talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have somethinghere for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the dailynewspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see youin February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilotmanaged to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone twoplastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Wo rking together, we’ll have the futurein our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have madebetter preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were tobe built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years ina large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AText rganization 1.2.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something thatserious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. academics3.a variety of5. vanish7. endorsing9. sweeping aside11. erasing(B)1. aided2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic 12. strike a balanceUnit 5 TextA oganization 1.VocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.Comprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). was taken aback 6). in good condition 7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces9）. Gone broke 10）. vacancy 11）. mild 12）. deceptive2.1）. suspected 2）. pleading 3）. confirmed 4）stunned5）lucrative 6). jewellery 7). wealthy 8). urge 9). spell 10). arrestedII.Translation1.1)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he issomething of an adventurer.2)He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.3)The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only afew turned up.5)The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed theway Mike perceived the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man wi th a heart of stone.Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life”Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 3is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.Vocabulary 4reaction to; discontent; provokedconvention; evading tax; the confines ofa burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) HonoraryIII. UsageDealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid –in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslationThey are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7 TextAVocabulary:I1) 1. divined 2. nerves 3. solidarity 4. sacred; mourn 5.coated6. perish7. hijack8. grief9. farewell 10. takerevenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced2) 1. drop… off 2. applied for 3. went off 4. are gaining on5. bring down6. blotted out7. think back on8. picking at3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 20082. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?3. not in the mood to go out4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives3. in the space of; no illusionII. Collocation:1. a little of2. a few; most of // many of3. much4. few5. many6. many of7. much of8. little9. few of 10. Someage:1.As the boy grew older2.she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale3.they don’t see themselves as servants of the people4.As she had left her key in the office5.Just do as you are told6.Areas once regarded as rural7.as they do in China8.As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive Exercises:I.Cloze1) Text-related1. mood2. tragic3. in the (immediate) aftermath of4. chaos5. toppling6. solidarity7. take revenge on8. thinking back on9. mourning 10. perished2) Theme-related1. crashed2. horrible3. harsh4. protect5. remove6. utterly7. truly8. justify9. rewarded10.devastatingII.Translation1)1.Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling thegovernment and throwing the country into chaos.2.The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly3.Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of theAllies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.4.Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no moodfor q quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.5.People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their lovedones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2):Today, long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.。

Memo

Memo (内部文告）1. 格式说明(Notes on Format)Memo (memorandum) 是一种常用的商务写作问题，指公司内部的文告或便函，用于向员工发布公司信息或员工之间、上下级之间相互的信息沟通。

Memo通常以电子邮件的方式发送，信头格式栏与电子邮件相同，但语言更简洁，特点如下：（1）不需要使用嘘寒、问候等客套语。

（2）不需要作情景铺垫，开门见山，直奔主题2. 常用句型（Basic Patterns)(1) I have the honor to inform you that……我很荣幸地通知您。

（2）The board of directors approved your proposal at the meeting last week.董事会在上周的会议上通过了你的建议。

（3）I believed these changes will decrease the product cost.我相信这些改革会降低产品成本的。

（4）I hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as possible.我希望您能关注此事并尽快予以解决。

（5）Please feel free to contact me if you need further information.如果需要更多的信息请随时与我联系（6）I highly appreciate your considerations to these proposals.我非常期待您能考虑一下这些建议。

3. 范文(Sample)4. 练习（practice)Write a memo according to the information given below.On November 12th, Mr. Bill Bronson informs all sales representatives of the quarterly meeting. The meeting will be held off-site on November 16th at Holiday Inn in Guangzhou. It will start at 9:00 a.m. and end at 4:00 p.m.MemoTo: All Sales RepresentativesFrom: Bill BronsonDate: November 12S ubject: Quarterly MeetingIn response to the feedback at the last quarterly meeting, our fourth quarterly meeting will be held off-site—at Holiday Inn in Guangzhou on November 16. As usual, the meeting will start at 9:00 a.m. and end at 4:00 p.m.。

MEMO(4)

备忘录范本

英语期中试题模板.

第四章、备忘录的写作

Unit 4 税法 Taxation Law

备忘录商务英语4

酒店前台年终总结精编版（4篇）

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