余志远《英国国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解(美国 人口和种族)【圣才出品】
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第14章人口和种族
14.1 复习笔记
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Immigration
Ⅲ. Population Movement
Ⅳ. Racial and Ethnic Minorities
1. Blacks
2. Hispanics
3. Asian-Americans
4. Indians
5. White ethnics
Ⅰ. Introduction
1. The United States of America, with a population of 255.5 million in 1992, is the third most populous country in the world after China and India.
2. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth.
3. About 77 % of the population in the United States lived in more than 283 city areas in 1988.
Ⅰ. 简介
1. 1992年，美国的人口有
2.555亿人口，是仅次于中国和印度的世界第三大人口大国。
2. 移民占据了人口增长的主要来源。
3. 1988年，美国约有77%的人口居住在超过283个城市地区。
Ⅱ. Immigration
1. The first of these waves began in the mid 1810s and reached the highest point in 1845.
2. The second wave covered the period between 1860 and 1890.
3. The third wave, the largest of the three waves, took place between 1890 and 191
4.
Ⅱ. 移民
1. 第一波移民潮始于1810年代中期，在1845年达到了高潮。
2. 第二波移民潮涵盖了1860年到1890年的时期。
3. 第三波移民潮是最大的移民潮，发生于1890年到1914年之间。
Ⅲ. Population Movement
1. Mobility is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people.
2. There are four great population movements in the history of the United States. Ⅲ. 人口流动
1. 流动性被认为是美国人民的特点之一。
2. 美国历史上有四次巨大的人口流动高潮。
Ⅳ. Racial and Ethnic Minorities
1. Blacks
①The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., is the blacks who number about 30.9 million, or 12.1 per cent of the population.
②The slave system was formally ended by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.
③Throughout most of their history in America, the black people put up a lot of resistance.
④The current situation of black Americans presents a mixed picture.
Ⅳ. 种族和少数民族
1. 黑人
①黑人是美国最大的种族和少数族裔，约有1090万人，占美国总人口的12.1%。
②1863年林肯的《解放黑人奴隶宣言》和1865年的《宪法第十三条修正案》正式结束了奴隶制。
③在美国历史的大多数进程中，黑人受到了很多阻力。
④美国黑人的现状是比较复杂的。
2. Hispanics
①Three major Hispanic groups historically have had the greatest influence on the United States. Mexican-Americans make up the largest group. The next largest group is the Puerto Ricans. In the third place are the Cuban-Americans.
②Many Hispanics are in lower-paying jobs and they are getting organized today to
fight for equal treatment.
2. 西班牙裔
①三个主要的西班牙裔对美国的影响最大。墨西哥裔美国人数量最多，其次是波多黎各人，第三大人群是古巴裔美国人。
②许多西班牙裔从事着低收入的工作，现在他们组织起来争取平等待遇。
3. Asian-Americans
①The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States.
②Experts say three Asian traditions best explain the success of Asian-Americans: education, hard work, and family.
3. 亚裔美国人
①亚裔美国人是美国增长最快的种族和民族。
②专家说最能解释亚裔美国人成功的原因是教育，努力工作和家庭。
4. Indians
①The social and economic conditions of the Indians are often poor. One fourth of the Indian families live below the poverty level.
②Since the 1960s, a militant social movement, the American Indian Movement, has arisen.
4. 印度人
①印度人的社会和经济状况很差。四分之一的印度家庭生活在贫困线以下。