跨文化作业1
大学跨文化英语综合教程1 UNIT1习题答案
Key for reference1.Open for discussion.2.As is shown in the clip, the man buys coffee for a woman (a stranger), and小e woman does the same thing for another. If t li.is kind of giving goes on and on, it will help create a better world.TranscriptMan: "Actually, this is what I'll do. Hi, can I buy your coffee this morning?"Lady: "S011-y."Man: "Can I buy your coffee this morning?"Lady: "Oh! If you want... "Man: "Yeah. Order wbatever you want. I'll cut in front of you and I'll pay for you."Lady: "Thank you!"Man: "Yeah, it's for tbe lady behind me. Sbe's getting it. 1 was just paying for her. Y eah, thanks."Man: "Hcy!"Lady: "Tank you so much!"Man: "You're very welcome. I saw that you also paid for the person behind you. That's awesome. Thanks so much for keeping it going. You're very welcome."Lady: "You know what! l'm getting married tomon-ow, so I feel like you've just given me a blessing."Man: "Wow! You're getting 111a1Tied tomorrow?! That's incredible! You see, it just works like tbat. That's awesome. Congratttlations!"Lady: "And I've just been r皿ning aro皿d like'oh my god, what am I doing?'."Man: "Wow!"Lady:''And when you came up and asked me, I was like: that's a blessing." Man: "Oh, my gosh, that's incredible! Congratulations!"Lady: "So I paid it forward too!"Man: "That's amazing. That's amazing."Lady: "Tank you so much."Man: "Absolutely! Enjoy the rest of y our day, okay? All right, drive safe! Bye. She's getting married tomorrow, and she said tl1at\,vas such a blessing."Text AReading Comprehension l.1)，l -23-456There are disadvantaizes to beiniz advantaized. Giving a forttmate child a chance to help otl1ers should be as fundamental a part ofupbringing as learning chemistry or calculus. That ha-been raised. If the child prefers to donate the time instead of money, then this might be encouraged, too. Some schools in New York City foster this by making community service a izraduation reauirement. In other words, a privileged upbringing, unrestrained by reality and an involvement with others, has the capacity to provide yet another blow to low self-esteem because it can make a child feel inadequate when dealing with the "wilder world.2) Two ways of giving a fo1iunate child a chance to help others The donation of 彗mall p_ortion of that child's own money to a The donation of a child's time instead of m one� othersSupporting details: each generation of RockefellersSupporting details: some schools in New York 鸟I tL”＾＾勹＼/P h ••�,::\2.l) C 2) A 3) C 4) D 5) D3.l)A 2)B 3)B 4)A 5)A Language Practice 1.I) gu ilt y译文有时候我对花时间玩游戏感到非常内疚。
跨文化交际unit1答案
Unit 1Communication Across CulturesWarm UpQuestions1. Why is it difficult to explain to a blind person what colors are?2. Do you sometimes find it hard to make yourself properly understood by others? If you do, why do you think it is hard?It is very difficult for people to understand one another i f they do not share the same experiences. Of course, we all share the experience of being human, but there are many experiences which we do not share and which are different for all of us. It is these different experiences thatmake up what is called ―culture‖ in the social sciences － the habits of everyday life, the cues towhich people respond, the automatic reactions they have to whatever they see and hear. These often differ, and the differences may introduce misunderstandings where we seek understanding.Reading IIntercultural Communication：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that“everyone‟s quick to blame the alien”in the contemporary world?This is still powerful in today‘s social and political rhetoric. Forinstance, it is not uncommon intoday‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems arecaused by minorities and immigrants.2. What‟s the difference between today‟s intercultural contact and that of any time in the past?Today‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greaterimportance than in anytime in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today?New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence“culture is everything and everywhere”?Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication?The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one‟s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it?The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture?Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to?People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist?A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.Discovering Problems: Slim Is Beautiful?Questions for discussionWhich do you think is the mark of beauty, thin or fat? Why is it often said that beauty is in the eye of beholder?One sociologist once said that with the greater influence of American culture across the world, the standard of a beauty is becoming more and more Hollywood-like, characterized by a chiseled chin and a tall, slim figure. One can see such beautiful images in almost any American movie. We Chinese also share the notion that the standard idea of beauty includes being tall, thin, and light skinned. It seems that with the process of globalization, eastern and western beauties look more and more alike.But we have to remember that the definition of beauty differs from culture to culture. For example, Hispanic standards of female beauty are to have big hips, a moderate tan, and a short height. As is described in the article, in southeastern Nigeria, Coca-Cola-bottle voluptuousness is celebrated and ample backsides and bosoms are considered ideals of female beauty.What‘s more, the ideal standard of beauty varies from time to time. For instance, during timesof famine, the ideal standard of beauty for women is a much larger body size. Larger size and more body fat may reflect one‘s status; for it suggests that the person is well fed and healthy. Thinness then would reflect malnutrition. However, during times of plenty, plumpness is not a reflection ofstatus. People may easily associate fatness with hypertension, heart disease or other potential diseases. Likewise, during eras in which lower-class labors had to toil predominantly outside for hours a day, tanned skin was an indication of lower status, and therefore the ideal standard of female beauty was very pale skin; women during those times actually used a lot of white powdered cosmetics to exaggerate the paleness of their skin. Now, however, tan is a reflection of having more leisure time spent on seashores instead of working in an office all the time, and therefore it may suggest higher status, so women strive for darker skin tones.It is true that beauty is in the eye of the beholder because people of different cultures and in different situations may have different ideas about what is beautiful and what is not.Group WorkFirst share with your group member whatever experiences you have had in communication events that can be considered as intercultural. Then work together to decide whether each of the following cases of communication is possibly intercultural or not and, if it is, to what extent it is intercultural. Try to place all the cases along a continuum of interculturalness, from the most intercultural to the least intercultural.All the cases may seem to be intercultural but they differ in the extent to which they are intercultural. However it may be very difficult for us to place all these cases along a continuum of interculturalness from the most intercultural to the least intercultural, for many other factors haveto be taken into consideration if we have to decide which is more intercultural than another. For instance, whether communication between a male manager and a female secretary is intercultural or not and, if it is, how intercultural it may be, may depend on the cultural and social backgrounds of the two persons. If they are from drastically different cultures, communication between them is surely intercultural and may be very intercultural. If they are from the same culture, communication between them may be little intercultural.The following is tentatively suggested for measuringthe interculturalness of the cases of communication, and the cases are presented from the most intercultural to the least intercultural:Communication between a Chinese university student and an American professor; Communication between a Canadian girl and a South African boy;Communication between a first-generation Chinese American and third generation one; Communication between a businessperson from Hong Kong and an artist from Xian; Communication between a teenager from Beijing and a teenager from Tibet;Communication between a father who is a farmer all his life and his son who works as an engineer;Communication between a software technician and a fisherman;Communication between a male manager and a female secretary (supposing they are of the similar cultural and social backgrounds) .DebateThe class is to be divided into two groups and debate on the two different views mentioned in thefollowing on intercultural communication. State your point of view clearly and support your argument with convincing and substantive evidence.Pro: People are people; more interactions would lead to grea ter understanding of each other.（Commonality precedes）Con: People are shaped by different environments they find themselves in, therefore, the difference overrides. (Differences precedes)Possible Arguments for Pro:1. Human beings tend to draw close to one another by their common nature. We all share the common basic needs.2. Rapid expansion of worldwide transportation and communication networks have made it far easier than ever before for people throughout the world to contact with one another.3. The process of globalization may reduce the regional differences between people all over the world. We are all members of the ―global village‖.4. Economic interdependence in today‘s world requires people of different countries to interact onan unprecedented scale, and more interaction will result in more similarity among people.5. More and more people from various cultures have to work and live together and they will adapt to each other to such an extent that cultural differences between them may no longer matter.Possible Arguments for Con:1. People throughout the world may be similar in many aspects, but differences in habits and customs keep them apart.2. Though the basic human needs are universally the same, people all over the world satisfy their basic common human needs in different ways.3. As our society is becoming more and more diversified, differences between people tend to grow larger in some aspects.4. It is differences between people that underlie the necessity of communication, and it does not follow that communication which may increase the possibility of understanding between people will always reduce differences.5. People nowadays are more likely to try to maintain their unique cultural identities when they find themselves living closely with people of other cultures.From the two seemingly opposite viewpoints, we can learn something that we should keep in mind when we are involved in intercultural communication. First, all human beings share some common heritages that link us to one another. To some extent, people throughout the world are pretty much alike in many aspects, and that has formed the very basis on which it is possible for people of various cultures to communicate. However, what we have to realize is that there are also vast differences between people from various cultural groups. To really understand a person whose cultural background is different from yours can be very difficult, for both you and that person maybe subconsciously influenced by each one‘s own cultural upbringing. In a sense, what we should doin intercultural communication is to treat people of other cultures both as the same with and as different from us.Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed?Many things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a“global village”is like?As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a ―global village‖, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people maylive thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalization?Technology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that“the…global‟may be more local than the…local‟”?The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We maycommunicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of the local events. In this sense, ―the ‗global‘ may be more local than the‗local‘‖.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the world?Effective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firms have tomeet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures, a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted with?Countries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case of Michael Fay?This case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towards globalization?Globalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.WritingRead the following and then try to write a short essay on what one has to learn to get prepared for working and living in a new cultural environment.There seems to be so much that one can do to get oneself well prepared for working and living in a new cultural environment. Apart from what is mentioned in the pass age, the following may be what a person in Anna‘s situation should also try to do:1. Learning the language that is used in the new cultural environment.2. Learning about the history and present social situation of the area or the country.3. Learning about the dominant religious belief and some important social customs.4. Learning about the cultural uses of nonverbal means including time and space for communication.5. Learning to look at things and people in new perspectives that are different from what one is accustomed to.6. Developing a more tolerant attitude toward any unfamiliar phenomena.7. Becoming aware that problems and misunderstandings a re inevitable in intercultural communication.8. Learning about how foreigners are usually perceived and treated by the local people.Identifying Difference: How We Address Each OtherQuestions for discussionHow do you address a friend from an English-speaking country? And how should we do it if he or she knows our culture very well or if we speak Chinese to each other?Usually we can address a friend from an English-speaking country by his/her first name withoutmentioning his/her surname or title out of respect for his/h er culture. Because people from English-speaking countries attach great importance to casualness in addressing each other in order to form a relatively intimate and equal relationship. But if he or she knows our culture very well or if we speak Chinese to each other, we can address him/her in the Chinese way. Just as the old sayinggoes, ―When in Rome, do as the Romans do‖, it‘s better for our friend to learn more about andbecome better acquainted with the Chinese culture. In this way, when addressing him/her, we can add ―xiao‖ (young) or ―lao‖ (aged) before his/her family name according to his/her age so as to create an amicable atmosphere. We can also address him/her by using his/her title in a humorous way,or by inventing some nickname for him or her in either English or Chinese, depending on the degree of intimacy.SurveyConduct a survey among some Chinese students to find how much they know about the possible cultural differences between Chinese andEnglish-speaking people in the speech behaviors listed below.Speech behaviorChina English-speaking countries Greeting When greeting each other, the Chinese often begin with ―Have you eaten?‖, ―Where areyougoing?‖, ―What are youdoing?‖, ―Long time no see.‖ and so on.People from English-speakingcountries usuallysay ―Hello.‖―Good morning/afternoon/evening‖ ―Nice to meet you./Glad to see you.‖ or ―How doyou do?‖Apologizi ng Chinese people seem to apologize less often than English-speaking people. The Chinese apologize only when they think it is about something thatreally matters.People from English-speaking countries often apologize intheir daily life even forthe most trivial things.Making requests Chinese people tend to make requests in indirect ways, especially when the p eoplePeople from English-speaking countries tend tomake requests directly andopenly.involved are not on int imate terms with one another.Expressin g gratitude Chinese people often express their gratitude not just bywhat they say, but also by whatthey do and what they give toothers who have done them a favor.People from English-speakingcountries tend to show theirgratitude more verballyto others who have helpedthem.Expressin g disapprov al Chinese people are reluctant toexpress their disproval openlyfor fear of making others loseface. If they have to expressdisapproval, they often prefer todo it in a very indirect way.People from English-speakingcountries are more likely toexpress their disapproval freely and directly.Leave-tak ing Chinese people tend to excusethemselves by claiming that theothers must be tired or busy, etc,using the expressions that imputethe motive of tiredness or business to the otherparty when parting.People from English-speakingcountries would usually findreasons to part related tothemselves rather than to others.Intercultural InsightExplorationTry to describe and explain the possible similar experiences in your use of English as a foreign language in communicating with native speakers.What a student tells us below can further illustrate the po int that how we communicate appropriately in intercultural encounters may not be as simple as we tend to assume:I remember in the first class of oral English when I was a freshman at university, we students habitually addressed our amiable foreign teacher as ―teacher‖ as we did to the other Chinese teachers. But he asked us to call him by his first name instead. Since he seemed morethan fifty years old we were embarrassed but gradually we learned that was the suitable way to address a teacher in the United States, for teachers in the United States generally prefer to be seen as equal and like a friend to their students. However, when I was already a junior, to our great surprise, one of our foreign teachers who taught us intensive reading told us that hepreferred to be called by us as ―Professor White‖or ―Doctor White‖. The reason was simplythat he wanted to be properly respected in China.Translation纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
跨文化交际口语教程1答案
跨文化交际口语教程1答案
1、本题主要考察don't have和haven't（等词）的区别，根据以上几题，可知答案在B、C、D项，因为doesn't是助动词，后面加动词原型，排除D项。
接下来就是讨论B、C项，B项hasn't是没有的意思，而C项doesn't have是没有吃的意思，根据句意，可知应该是没有吃早饭，所以选C。
2、本题主要考察时态和第三人称单数形式，由every day可知该题是一般现在时，排除D，D是现在进行时。
Marry是单数，开头的助动词应该用Does，所以选C。
扩展资料：
(1)I have finished my homework. (我已经完成我的家庭作业)在这个例句中，用虚词“已经”来表示动作的完成，而在英语中，则是将句中的谓语动词finish转变成现在完成时结构have finished来表现finish这个动作已经发生过了。
(2)She is reading a book carefully. (她正在认真看书)在汉语中，用虚词“正“来表示“读书”这个动作正在进行，而英语中，则需要将“read”转变成现在进行时结构”is reading”
(3)He will be back in ten minutes. (十分钟后他将回来)在汉语中，用虚词“将”来表示将来的动作，而英语中则需要用一般将来时的结构“will +动词原形”来表现。
大学跨文化英语综合教程1 Unit 1 课后习题答案
大学跨文化英语综合教程1U1•Reading & DigestingWarm-up1、It symbolizes the light of knowledge.2、Open for discussion. For example, you may draw a picture of students doing sports on the playground or studying in a library.Language practice > Task 11-5: FCLAB6-10: GOJID11-15: ENKHMLanguage practice > Task 21、B2、C3、A4、C5、D6、C7、B8、B9、D10、ALanguage practice > Task 31、on2、to3、on4、up5、withLanguage practice > Task 41、enjoyable2、attractive3、creative4、emerging5、remarkable6、competitive7、countless8、respectfulLanguage practice > Task 51、I realized that the parcel had been sent to a wrong address by the postman.2、He is being instructed by the examiner to drive out of town.3、A huge reserve for giant pandas has been built by China.4、Children should be taught some basic knowledge of the world by their parents.5、Many visual details must be designed by the director in order to impress the audience.•Cultural ExplorationGaining an intercultural insight1）Interacting2）expanding3）global4）profession5）backgrounds6）promotes7）perspectives8）self-awareness9）sharpens10）contrastViewing1、In a university or college, a tutorial is a regular meeting between a tutor and one or several students, for discussion of a subject that is being studied, while a lecture is a talk given by a professor in order to teach students about a particular subject.2、The size of a tutorial is a lot smaller than that of a lecture.3、Different from a tutorial, there is not much chance for interaction in a lecture.•Reading & ReflectingAdditional exercisesTask 11）H2）J3）N4）K5）D6）A7）F8）M9）E10）ITask 2A. Para. 5B. Para. 4C. Para. 10D. Para. 3E. Para. 8F. Para. 10G. Para. 2H. Para. 6I. Para. 7J. Para. 5。
跨文化习题unit1-9解析
NEAU跨文化交际习题注意：考试中答名词解释、简答题时，须要举例子说明，否则会扣除相应分数！！案例分析题材料中没有，请大家自己到网上搜索相关材料。
PS：考试题型为选择、判断、填空、名词解释、翻译句子、简答、案例分析，分值分布年年都在变化。
资料含75%考试原题。
最后祝小伙伴们顺利通过跨文化交际考试！Unit 1(第一单元抽象的理论很多，只做了名词解释和简答)名词解释Culture: In other words, culture is the set of values and beliefs, norms, and customs, rules and codes that socially defines a group of people, binds them to one another, and gives a sense of commonalityCommunication is a process by which a source transmits a message to a receiver through some channel.Intercultural communication occurs whenever a minimum of two persons from different cultures or microcultures come together and exchange verbal and nonverbal symbols.简答1. What is Characteristics of Culture?1) Culture is learned.2) Culture is transmitted from generation to generation.3) Culture is based on symbols.4) Culture is subject to change.5) Culture is ethnocentric.具体解释如下：1. 1 Culture1.1.1 A Definition of CultureIn 1993, two anthropologists, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhorn examined 300 definitions of culture , and they found none of them are the same；Yet there are some fundamental properties about culture on which most people agree. Culture is the collective answer to questions as: Who am I? How should I live my life? Where do I fit in the world? In other words, culture is the set of values and beliefs, norms, and customs, and rules and codes that socially defines a group of people, binds them to one another, and gives a sense of commonality (Trenholm and Jenson, 2000)1.1.2 Characteristics of CultureDespite of the different opinion about the definition of culture, most people agree about the main characteristics of culture. Larry A. Samovar and Richard E. Porter summarized thecharacteristics of culture as followings:Culture is learned. If one can’t learn from those who live before, we would not have culture. Therefore, we say learning was the most important of all the characteristics of culture. If a baby was cut off from all adult care, training. He can still instinctively eat, drink, defecate, urinate and cry. But what and when would he eat, where would he defecate and urinate, it is most likely he would do all these things randomly.But where and how can we learn culture is hard to explain. We learn our culture through interactions with other people. It’s hard to name who are the “other people”, we receive instructions from family and friends and numerous other “teachers” without knowing it.Culture is transmitted from generation to generation.For culture to exist, endure, and perpetuate, they must make sure that their crucial “message” and elements get passed on. Brislin once said “ if there are values considered central to a society that have existed for many years, they must be transmitted from one generation to another” (p. 6). Keesing said, “ any break in the learning chain would lead to a culture’s disappearance” (p. 28).Culture is based on symbols. Culture is learned and passed from generation to generation, but how to learn and pass? It is our symbol-making ability enables us to learn and pass on our culture from individual to individual, group to group, and generation to generation. The portability of symbols allows people to package and store them as well as transmit them. Culture is historical as well as preservable. Each new ge neration might “write”Culture is subject to change. Cultures are dynamic systems that do not exist in a vacuum and therefore are subject to change. Cultures are constantly being confronted with ideas and information for “outside” sources.When we talk about culture change, we should keep two points in mind. First, cultures are highly adaptive. In history, there are a lot of examples of how cultures have been forced to change their course because of natural disasters, wars, and etc. Second, although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the deep structure of a culture resists major alterations. Barnlund clearly make this point when he writes: “The spread of Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and Confucianism did not homogenize the societies they enveloped. It was usually the other way around: Societies insisted on adapting the religions to their own cultural traditions” (p.192)Culture is ethnocentric.The important tie between ethnocentrism and communication can be seen in the definition of the term “ ethnocentrism”. Summer defined it as “ the technical name for the view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it” (p.13) Keesing summarized the power and impact of ethnocentrism “ Nearly always the folklore of a people includes myths of origin which give priority to themselves, and place the stamp of supernatural approval upon their particular customs” (p. 45).2. What are the Prosperities of Communication?1) Communication is a process2) Communication is dynamic.3) Communication is interactive/ transitive.4) Communication is intentional5) Communication is symbolic6) Communication is contextual7) Communication is ubiquitous.8) Communication is cultural具体解释如下：1. Communication is a process. “Communication theory reflects a process point of view…you cannot talk about the beginning or the end of communication…”(Berlo)2. Communication is dynamic. “Communication is a transaction among symbol users in which meanings are dynamic, changing as a function of earlier usages and of changes in perceptions and metaperceptions. Common to both meanings is the notion that communication is time-bound and irreversible.” (Bowers and Bradac)3. Communication is interactive/ transactive. “Communication occurs when two or more people interact through the exchange of messages.” (Goss)4. Communication is symbolic. “… all the symbols of the mind, together with the means of conveying them through space and preserving them in time.” (Cooley)5. Communication is intentional. “…communication has as its central interest those behavioral situations in which source transmits a message to a receivers with conscious intent to affect the latter’s behavior.” (Miller)6. Communication is contextual. “Communication always and inevitably occurs within some context.” (Fisher)7. Communication is ubiquitous. “…communication is the discriminatory response of an organism to a stimulus.” (Stevens)8. Communication is cultural. “…culture is communication…communication is culture.”(Hall)Unit 3（加粗的要重点记忆，考查方式多样，可能是判断选择或翻译，汉译英英译汉都有！）Translation1.天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.2.天地之大德曰生The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life.3.获罪于天,无所祷也He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray4. 仁者,爱人,亲亲为大.The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.5. 己所不欲,勿施于人Do not do toward others anything that you would not want to be done to you6. 父母在,不远游,游必有方.Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.7. 父母之年，不可不知也。
跨文化交际答案1
跨文化交际答案1大学英语跨文化交际双语课程水平测试题（一）I. Multiple Choice(20 points, 2 points each)Directions: There are some statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the ONE that best complete the statement.1.In the United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants移民each yearand has referred to as a melting-pot大熔炉society. This trend can reflect the theory of ___A__.A. macrocultureB. microcultureC. globalizationD. modernization2. A teenager dresses like and talks like a gang member but not a member of any gang. Thiscase reflects the ___A____ characteristic of subgroup.A. deviant labelB. temporalityC. wanna-be behaviorD. unexamined3.When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culturefrom ___B___ perspective.A. anthropological人类学B. intellectual有才智的C. socialD. psychological心理4.The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, wouldbe termed __B_______.A. interracial communicationB. interethnic communicationC. international communicationD. interpersonal communication5.There is a Chinese belief that “One is good in nature with different characteristics butsimilar habits. However, if he is not well educated, his nature changes”. This belief can reflect that____C___.A. Human nature is evil but perfectibleB. Human nature is a mixture of good and evilC. Human nature is good but corruptible容易堕落的D. None of the above6.Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrate in U.S, has adapted himself so well to American culturethat he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called__C___.A. separation and segregation隔离B. integration整合一体化C. assimilation吸收同化D. marginalization边缘化7.Liming, a Chinese student, just began his study in a university in the United States. In hisfirst week in U.S., he thought everything was new and exciting, and he enjoyed himself a lot. Liming is in__A___ stage of culture shock.A. honeymoon蜜月B. crisis危机C. reintegration再整合D. gradual adjustment逐渐适应8. ___C__ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.A. DecodingB. ChannelC. EncodingD. Source9.___A__ refers to anything that distorts歪曲曲解the message the source encodes.A. NoiseB. MessageC. SourceD. Context10.___D__ refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source hasknowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.A. ReceiverB. DecodingC. EncodingD. FeedbackII. Terms(15 points, 3 points each)Directions:There are five terms in this section. Try to explain the following terms in your own words. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.11. Intercultural communicationcommunication between people whose culture perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.12. Culture (from intercultural communication perspective)Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs,values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. 从跨文化交际角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信念、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、宗教、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观念的积淀，以及他们获得的物质的东西和所有物。
【精选】跨文化交际word版(1)
Unit 1 introduction一．文化文化是冻结了的人际交流，而交流是流动着的文化----W.B. Pearce, 1994.背景：长期以来，文化被认为是无处不在，无所不包的人类知识和行为的总体。
被笼统地当作“生活方式”，社会生活的一切方面，积淀物，价值观念体系，众多规范，乃至艺术，政治，经济，教育，修养，文学，语言，思维的总和。
概括地讲，文化即是人们所思，所言，所为，所觉的总和。
在不同的生态或自然环境下，不同的民族创造了自己特有的文化，也被自己的文化所塑造。
It is said that there are at least 150 definitions about culture.“Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks”(Sapir, 1921) “Culture is man’s medium, there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture. This means personality, how people express themselves, including shows of emotion, the way they think, how they move, how problems are solved, how their cities are planned and laid out, how transportation systems function and are organized, as well as how economic and government systems are put together and fuction.” (E.T. Hall,1959)“A culture is a collection of beliefs, habits, living patterns, and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas” (D.Brown, 1978)文化的特性：1). 文化是由人们的内隐和外显行为组成的。
跨文化案例选集1
Case 1I‟ve Not Considered Marriage Y etJohn, 28 years old, an Australian studing Chinese in Beijing, met Li Hua at a dance party. Li Hua, 22, took an instant liking to John the first time they met, as time went on ,they saw more and more of each other. After six months or so, Li Hua suggeste that John meet her parents. Since this was the first time John had visited a Chinese family, he became quite nervous the moment he was introduced to Li Hua‟s parents, elder sister and siser-in-law. Soon after serving him some Chinese tea and fruit, Li Hua‟s mother began questiong John about his background, his family and relatives, as well as his economic status. John did his best to answer all of the questions, sometimes in broken Chinese. A few minutes later, Li Hua‟s father turned towards John, and asked a very direct question. He wanted John to tell him when he would marry Li Hua and where he was going to live and work. John, being a bit surprised at the question, replied that he hadn‟t thought about marriage. Li Hua‟s father got very upset and angry. He stamped his foot and asked John to leave. As John was about to leav e, Li Hua‟s father warned him against seeing his daughter again. John lert, without knowing what he had done to enrage the family.Questions for discusssionHow could you expl ain to Li Hua‟s parents about the relationship between Li Hua and John? How could you expl ain to John Li Hua‟s parenets‟ behavior?Case 2 Can we talk about us?Anna asks her fiance, Ben, “Can we talk about us?” Immediately Ben tenses up, seeing trouble. He prepares himself for an unpleasant conversations and reluctantly agrees. Anna then thankes Ben for being so supportive during the last few months when she was under enormous pressure at her job. She telle him she feels closer than ever to him. Then she invites Ben to tell her what makes him feel loved and close to her. Althoufh Ben is relieved to learn there is no c risis, he‟s also baffled: “If there isn‟t a problem, why do women need to talk about the relationship? If it‟s wor king, let it be.”Questions for discusssionCould you explain why Ben was relucatant to have a talk with his fiancee?Case 3 Feeling Left-outAfter graduating from Beijing International Studies University, Chen Liang pursued an MA program at a university in Boston ,the U.S. Eatly in the same program, he made friends with some of the American students studying in the same program. One day after class, his American friend, Dick, asked Chen to join his in the university cafeteria. On their way they ran in to Dick‟s girlfriend, Lisa, who was on her way to a lecture. Walking shoulder to shoulder, Dick and Lisa carried on an intimate conversation, as if they hadn‟t seen each other for ages. Meanwhile, Chen Liang was walking behind them, not taking part in the conversation. When they were nearing the cafeteria Lisa said she had to leave for the lecture. Dick embraced her and gave her a long and passinate kiss. Seeing this, Chen turned away and walked off toward the cafeteria. When Dick looked up, he saw Chen walking into the cageteria. Dick was puzzled as to why Chen didn‟t wait for his, and went to the cafeteria alone.Questions for discusssionCould you explain to Dick why Chen Liang walked into the cafeteria without waiting for him?Case 4 Shoes for Street WalkingIt is said that in Rome, in front of a shoe store, there was such a sign to attract English-speaking customers: Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit. The sign caught the attention of many English-speaking tourists, but not to look at the shoes displayed in the windows, but to read the sign and then break out into laughter. The Italian shop owner did not realize that “a street walker” means a prostitute, while “to have a fit” does not mean to have a try, but to become suddenly and viol ently angry or upset. No wonder the amusement and laughter!(Deng Y anchang et al.,1989)Question for discussionWhy did the Italian shop owner make such a blunder?Case 5 A Misunderstanding Caused by a JokeRoger was the Personnel Executive of a large American multinational firm. In 1996, Roger was working in Brazil to help promote their business. One evening, there was a party, attended by both his employees from the United States and many Brazilian business people. At the party, Roger bumped into Rosalita, a Brazilianwoman he had known for some time. Roger generally had a very good impression of Rosalita and always felt at ease with her, so that he felt free to tell jokes and share personal thoughts, and talk about Brazil and Brazilian life without having the jitters of offending Rosalita. During the party, Rosalita said to Roger, “I‟d like to introduce you to one of my good friends. She is a very capable woman and is presently thinking of working in a joint venture so she can provide a better living for her large family. She is very much interested in your company.” Hearing that, Roger smiled and replied, “OK, but I just hope I don‟t get hustled.” Unfortunately, Roger‟s reply made Rosalita quite upset. V ery soon she excused herself as politely as she could, and did not speak with Roger for the rest of the evening.Question for discussionRoger was confused by Rosalita‟s behavior. Could you give him an explanation?Case 6 Look Out!A foreign student in the U.S. was sitting by a window reading a book. She heard someone yelling “Look out!” , so she stuck her head out of the window. Just then a board hurtled down from above, narrowly missing her. She looked up, half in anger and half in fright. There was a man on the roof doing repairs. “Didn‟t you hea r me call …Look out‟?” he demanded. “Y es, and that‟s what I did,” she replied.Questions for discussionIn this case, what does “look out”mean? Could you give a similar case like this?Case7Different Attitudes Toward a Fly in a BeerIf in the dining hall, a fly was seen in a glass of beer, an Englishman would say, “May I have another,please?”; a Frenchman would pour the beer out; a Spanish man would put the money on the table and leave without a word; a Japanese would summon the manager and criticiz e, “Do you do all your business like this?”; an Arab would give the beer to the waiter and say, “I‟ll buy you a drink.”; and the more humorous American would say to the waiter, “Please serve the fly and beer separately. If the customer likes the fly, he co uld put it into his beer himself.”Case 8Borrow Money and Lend MoneyWhile I was studying in America, I met an American classmate named Jimmy. One day I was eager to buy a book, but I did not have enough money, so I borrowed three dollars from him. Before he lent me the three dollars, Jimmy asked me three times, “Are you sure you will return the money to me?” Four days later, he kept reminding me about the loan until I paid him back the money.Interestingly enough, weeks later he borrowed $30 from me and said he would pay me back in a week. After one month, there was no sign of the money so I reminded him. To my surprise, he said, “I‟m sorry, why didn‟t you remind me earlier?” and returned the money instantly.Americans don‟t readily give money to others nor receive others‟ readily. If you lent money to an American generously, and said, “Don‟t mention it again. Y ou don‟t have to pay me back.” , he would be angry and think you were looking down on him, not believing his ability to repay the money.Case 9Twelve Cups of TeaWhen I first went to Hong Kong, I had no idea about Chinese tea-drinking and found myself caught in a very awkward situation. I visited a Chinese family and was immediately given a cup of tea. I was not thirsty and I did not particularly like that type of tea, but out of politeness I finished the cup. But the more I drank, the more I was given. I kept insisting that I did not want any more, but the host took no notice. I drank about twelve cups of tea that afternoon! The host must have thought that I was very greedy, but I did not know how to avoid getting more tea poured. (Helen Oatey, 1988)Case 10Have you had your lunch?Where are you going?When I first went to Hong Kong a number of years ago, I had no idea about the Chinese language or the Chinese culture. Shortly after my arrival, I went to the bank on my way to school. I was extremely surprised when the bank clerk asked me if I had had lunch. In British culture, the question would be regarded as an indirect invitation to lunc h, and between unmarried young people it indicates a young man‟s interest in dating a girl. Since he was a completely stranger, I was quite taken aback. I proceeded to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked me the same question. By now I realized that it could not be an invitation, but I was puzzled as to why they kept asking it. In the following days, as I was asked the question again andagain, I came to the conclusion that people must be concerned about my health. I was somewhat underweight, and I assumed they must be worried that I was not eating properly. Only later, did I find out that the question had no real significance at all, it was merely a greeting.Case11Li Hongzhang‟s EmbarrassmentLi Hongzhang, one of the top officials in the Qing Dynasty, was invited to visit the United States. He was warmly welcomed. One day, Li was hosting a banquet for the American officials in a popular restaurant. As the banquet started, according to the Chinese custom, Li stood up and said, “I am very happy to have all of you here today. Though these dishes are coarse and not delicious and good enough to show my respect for you, I hope you will enjoy them…” (今天承蒙各位光临，不胜荣幸。
跨文化交际unit1答案解析
Unit 1Communication Across CulturesWarm UpQuestions1. Why is it difficult to explain to a blind person what colors are?2. Do you sometimes find it hard to make yourself properly understood by others? If you do, why do you think it is hard?It is very difficult for people to understand one another if th ey do not share the same experiences. Of course, we all share the experience of being human, but there are many experiences which we donot share and which are different for all of us. It is these different experiences thatmake up what is called ―culture‖ in the social sciences －the habits of everyday life, the cues towhich people respond, the automatic reactions they have to whatever they see and hear. These often differ, and the differences may introduce misunderstandings where we seek understanding.Reading IIntercultural Communication：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that“everyone‟s quick to blame the alien”in the contemporary world?This is still powerful in today‘s social and political rhetoric. For instance,it is not uncommon intoday‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems arecaused by minorities and immigrants.2. What‟s the difference between today‟s intercultural contact and that of any time in the past?Today‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greaterimportance than in anytime in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today?New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated culturalinteraction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence“culture is everything and everywhere”?Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication?The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one‟s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it?The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture? Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generallyagreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to?People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist?A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.Discovering Problems: Slim Is Beautiful?Questions for discussionWhich do you think is the mark of beauty, thin or fat? Why is it often said that beauty is in the eye of beholder?One sociologist once said that with the greater influence of American culture across the world, the standard of a beauty is becoming more and more Hollywood-like, characterized by a chiseled chin and a tall, slim figure. One can see such beautiful images in almost any American movie. We Chinese also share the notion that the standard idea of beauty includes being tall, thin, and light skinned. It seems that with the process of globalization, eastern and western beauties look more and more alike.But we have to remember that the definition of beauty differs from culture to culture. For example, Hispanic standards of female beauty are to have big hips, a moderate tan, and a short height. As is described in the article, in southeastern Nigeria, Coca-Cola-bottle voluptuousness is celebrated and ample backsides and bosoms are considered ideals of female beauty.What‘s more, the ideal standard of beauty varies from time to time. For instance, during timesof famine, the ideal standard of beauty for women is a much larger body size. Larger size and more body fat may reflect one‘s status; for it suggests that the person is well fed and healthy. Thinness then wouldreflect malnutrition. However, during times of plenty, plumpness is not a reflection ofstatus. People may easily associate fatness with hypertension, h eart disease or other potential diseases. Likewise, during eras in which lower-class labors had to toil predominantly outside for hours a day, tanned skin was an indication of lower status, and therefore the ideal standard of female beauty was very pale skin; women during those times actually used a lot of white powdered cosmetics to exaggerate the paleness of their skin. Now, however, tan is a reflection of having more leisure time spent on seashores instead of working in an office all the time, and therefore it may suggest higher status, so women strive for darker skin tones.It is true that beauty is in the eye of the beholder because people of different cultures and in different situations may have different ideas about what is beautiful and what is not.Group WorkFirst share with your group member whatever experiences you have had in communication events that can be considered as intercultural. Then work together to decide whether each of the following cases of communication is possibly intercultural or not and, if it is, to what extent it is intercultural. Try to place all the cases along a continuum of interculturalness, from the most intercultural to the least intercultural.All the cases may seem to be intercultural but they differ in the extent to which they are intercultural. However it may be very difficult for us to place all these cases along a continuum of interculturalness from the most intercultural to the least intercultural, for many other factors have to be taken into consideration if we have to decide which is more intercultural than another. For instance, whether communication between a male manager and a female secretary is intercultural or not and, if it is, how intercultural it may be, may depend on the cultural and social backgrounds of the two persons. If they are from drastically different cultures, communication between them is surely intercultural and may be very intercultural. If they are from the same culture, communication between them may be little intercultural.The following is tentatively suggested for measuringthe interculturalness of the cases of communication, and the cases are presented from the most intercultural to the least intercultural: Communication between a Chinese university student and an American professor; Communication between a Canadian girl and a South African boy;Communication between a first-generation Chinese American and third generation one; Communication between a businessperson from Hong Kong and an artist from Xian; Communication between a teenager from Beijing and a teenager from Tibet;Communication between a father who is a farmer all his life and his son who works as an engineer;Communication between a software technician and a fisherman; Communication between a male manager and a female secretary (supposing they are of the similar cultural and social backgrounds) .DebateThe class is to be divided into two groups and debate on the two different views mentioned in thefollowing on intercultural communication. State your point of vi ew clearly and support your argument with convincing and substantive evidence.Pro: People are people; more interactions would lead to greate r understanding of each other.（Commonality precedes）Con: People are shaped by different environments they find themselves in, therefore, the difference overrides. (Differences precedes)1. Human beings tend to draw close to one another by their common nature. We all share the common basic needs.2. Rapid expansion of worldwide transportation and communication networks have made it far easier than ever before for people throughout the world to contact with one another.3. The process of globalization may reduce the regional differences between people all over the world. We are all members of the ―global village‖.4. Economic interdependence in today‘s world requires people of different countries to interact onan unprecedented scale, and more interaction will result in more similarity among people.5. More and more people from various cultures have to work and live together and they will adapt to each other to such an extent that cultural differences between them may no longer matter.1. People throughout the world may be similar in many aspects, but differences in habits and customs keep them apart.2. Though the basic human needs are universally the same, people all over the world satisfy their basic common human needs in different ways.3. As our society is becoming more and more diversified, differences between people tend to grow larger in some aspects.4. It is differences between people that underlie the necessity of communication, and it does not follow that communication which may increase the possibility of understanding between people will always reduce differences.5. People nowadays are more likely to try to maintain their unique cultural identities when they find themselves living closely with people of other cultures.From the two seemingly opposite viewpoints, we can learn something that we should keep in mind when we are involved in interculturalcommunication. First, all human beings share some common heritages that link us to one another. To some extent, people throughout the world are pretty much alike in many aspects, and that has formed the very basis on which it is possible for people of various cultures to communicate. However, what we have to realize is that there are also vast differences between people from various cultural groups. To really understand a person whose cultural background is different from yours can be very difficult, for both you and that person maybe subconsciously influenced by each one‘s own cultural upbringing. In a sense, what we should doin intercultural communication is to treat people of other cultures both as the same with and as different from us.Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed?Many things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a“global village”is like?As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a ―global village‖, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalization?Technology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that“the…global‟may be more local than the…local‟”?The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of the local events. In this sense, ―the ‗global‘may be more local than the ‗local‘‖.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the world?Effective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firms have tomeet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures, a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted with?Countries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case of Michael Fay?This case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towards globalization? Globalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.WritingRead the following and then try to write a short essay on what one has to learn to get prepared for working and living in a new cultural environment.There seems to be so much that one can do to get oneself well prepared for working and living in a new cultural environment. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, the following may be what a person in Anna ‘s situation should also try to do:1. Learning the language that is used in the new cultural environment.2. Learning about the history and present social situation of the area or the country.3. Learning about the dominant religious belief and some important social customs.4. Learning about the cultural uses of nonverbal means inc luding time and space for communication.5. Learning to look at things and people in new perspectives that are different from what one is accustomed to.6. Developing a more tolerant attitude toward any unfamiliar phenomena.7. Becoming aware that problems and misunderstandings are inevitable in intercultural communication.8. Learning about how foreigners are usually perceived and treated by the local people.Identifying Difference: How We Address Each OtherQuestions for discussionHow do you address a friend from an English-speaking country? And how should we do it if he or she knows our culture very well or if we speak Chinese to each other?Usually we can address a friend from an English-speaking country by his/her first name withoutmentioning his/her surname or title out of respect for his/her culture. Because people from English-speaking countries attach great importance to casualness in addressing each other in order to form a relatively intimate and equal relationship. But if he or she knows our culture very well or if we speak Chinese to each other, we can address him/her in the Chinese way. Just as the old sayinggoes, ―When in Rome, do as the Romans do‖, it‘s better for our friend to learn more about andbecome better acquainted with the Chinese culture. In this way, when addressing him/her, we can add ―xiao‖(young) or ―lao‖(aged) before his/her family name according to his/her age so as to create an amicable atmosphere. We can also address him/her by using his/her title in a humorous way,or by inventing some nickname for him or her in either English or Chinese, depending on the degree of intimacy.SurveyConduct a survey among some Chinese students to find how much they know about the possible cultural differences between Chinese and English-speaking people in the speech behaviors listed below.SpeechbehaviorChina English-speaking countriesGreetin g When greeting each other, theChinese often begin with ―Have you eaten?‖, ―Where are yougoing?‖, ―What are youdoing?‖,―Long time no see.‖ and so on.People from English-speakingcountries usually say ―Hello.‖―Good morning/afternoon/evening‖―Nice to meet you./Glad to see you.‖or ―How doyou do?‖Apologi zing Chinese people seem toapologize less often thanPeople from English-speakingcountries often apologize inEnglish-speaking people. TheChinese apologize only whenthey think it is about somethingthat really matters.their daily life even for th e most trivial things.Making request s Chinese people tend to make requests in indirect ways, especially when the peop leinvolved are not on intimate terms with one another.People from English-speaking countries tend to mak e requests directly and openly.Express ing gratitu de Chinese people often expre ss their gratitude not just by what they say, but also by what they do and what they give to others who have done them a favor. People from English-speaking countries tend to show their gratitude more verbally t o others who have helpedthem.Express ing disappr Chinese people are reluctant to express their disproval openly for fear of making others lose face. If People from English-speaking countries are more likely to express their disapprovoval they have to express disapproval,they often prefer to do it in a veryindirect way.al freely and directly.Leave-t aking Chinese people tend to excusethemselves by claiming that theothers must be tired or busy, etc,using the expressions thatimputethe motive of tirednessor business to the other partywhen parting.People from English-speakingcountries would usually findreasons to part related tothemselves rather thanto others.Intercultural InsightExplorationTry to describe and explain the possible similar experiences in your use of English as a foreign language in communicating with native speakers.What a student tells us below can further illustrate the point that how we communicate appropriately in intercultural encounters may not be as simple as we tend to assume:I remember in the first class of oral English when I was a freshman at university, we students habitually addressed our amiable foreign teacher as ―teacher‖as we did to the other Chinese teachers. But he asked us to call him by his first name instead. Since he seemed morethan fifty years old we were embarrassed but gradually we learned that was the suitable way to address a teacher in the United States, for teachers in the United States generally prefer to be seen as equal and like a friend to their students. However, when I was already a junior, to our great surprise, one of our foreign teachers who taught us intensive reading told us that hepreferred to be called by us as ―Professor White‖ or ―Doctor White‖. The reason was simplythat he wanted to be properly respected in China.Translation纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
大学跨文化英语口语教程第1册答案
大学跨文化英语口语教程第1册答案Unit1 AKey conceptsreservation:谦逊的coldness:冷静的modesty：谦虚的humor：幽默的sportsmanship：运动员精神Q1、what is a reserved person like?Answer:A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers,does not show much emotion,and seldom gets excited.Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen?Answer:reserved、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship.Q3、what is sportsmanship?Answer:sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules,while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.Case studyQ、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?Answer:The loud speaking and speaking their native language made the reserved British feel quite unhappy.The Englishman is reserved,he doesn’t show much emotion and seldom gets excited.Unit1 BKey conceptsthe pioneering spirit创业精神trying something new探索精神equality平等national optimism民族乐观freedom自由the Declaration of Independence独立宣言rags-to-richer白手起家social mobility社会流动性American dream美国梦Comprehension questions1.Can you summarize the character of Americans?The characters of Americans are the pioneering spirit,trying something new and being eager to equality and freedom.The American is competitive,friendly,spontaneous,adaptable,efficient,energetic,and kindhearted.2.In what sense is the pioneering spirit still an important part of the American character?1).Except for the slaves,immigrants came to America voluntarily in search of greater prosperity and freedom.(para3)2).In the mid-nineteenth century,the pioneering spirit led American settlers to travel westward in search of land and gold.(para4)3).The desire to start a new life in a new place is noticeable throughout the nation.Many Americans change residences every year.(para5)4).Americans who don’t change residence are also on the move—traveling by air or auto to see their own country or to visit others.The need to explore a new frontier is basic to the American character.(para7)3.What is the American Dream?What is its impact on the Americancharacter?The American Dream is the belief that any individual,no matter how poor,can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue.Impact:Americans are optimistic and adventurous.The typical American believed in trying something new in an attempt to make life better.He had a firm faith in the possibility of progress.Every day in every way I am getting better and better.4.What are the basic roots of American character?The basic roots of American character are the pioneering spirit,the liberty spirit and the equality spirit.Case studyQ;Why did the American feel uncomfortable?Please give him suggestions on how to get along with English people.The American did something that he thought is friendly,but the English seemed quite unfriendly to him,so he felt uncomfortable.American is a bitcasual,optimistic and outgoing.He called the first names and touched the people on the shoulder。
大学跨文化英语阅读教程第1册(麦金)课后习题答案解析
大学跨文化英语阅读教程第1册（麦金）课后习题答案解析第一章介绍大学跨文化英语阅读课后习题1：选择题1.A2.B3.C4.D课后习题2：填空题1.globalization2.culturalmunication4.understanding课后习题3：简答题1.跨文化英语阅读的重要性在于帮助学生理解不同文化背景下的语言和思维方式，从而提高他们的跨文化沟通能力。
2.跨文化英语阅读的优势在于增进学生对不同文化的尊重和理解，拓宽他们的世界观，并且能够培养学生的批判思维能力和文化敏感度。
3.学生可以通过阅读不同文化背景的文学作品、新闻报道、社会文化研究等材料来进行跨文化英语阅读。
课后习题4：论述题跨文化英语阅读对于大学生学习英语是极其重要的。
首先，随着经济全球化的加速推进，英语已成为全球沟通的共同语言。
通过跨文化英语阅读，学生不仅可以提高自己的英语阅读和写作能力，还可以了解不同国家和地区的文化背景，从而更好地适应跨文化沟通的需求。
此外，跨文化英语阅读还可以增进学生对其他文化的理解和尊重。
通过阅读来自不同文化背景的材料，学生可以深入了解不同文化的价值观、习俗、历史和社会背景，从而避免因文化差异而引发的误解和冲突。
最后，跨文化英语阅读还可以培养学生的批判思维能力和文化敏感度。
通过阅读和分析不同文化背景下的文献资料，学生可以提高自己的批判思维能力，保持客观的态度对待不同文化现象，并能够准确地理解和评估不同文化观点和立场。
综上所述，大学跨文化英语阅读教程第1册对于培养学生的英语阅读能力、跨文化沟通能力以及批判思维能力等方面具有重要意义。
通过认真学习和实践，学生可以在跨文化交流中取得更好的效果，提高自身的国际竞争力。
大学跨文化英语 综合教程I Unit 1 Starting a New journey 课后习题参考答案
Text AReading Comprehension2. 1)T 2)F 3)F 4)T 5)T3. 1)B 2)B 3)A 4)A 5)BLanguage Practice1. 1) volunteer译文：西麦西亚警局希望有更多的人能自愿配合当地警察的工作。
2) dignity译文：在中国，传统上年长者受人尊重，享有尊严。
3) pose译文：中国的发展不会阻碍任何其他国家的发展，也不会对任何国家造成威胁。
4) emerge译文：然而，当我们看得更深入一些的时候，问题就开始出现了。
5) core译文：最终两家公司决定使用这种技术，但仅限于他们的核心市场。
6) identify译文：我们大多数人都来自崇尚谦虚的文化，如果没有外部的帮助，我们就很难认识到自己的长处。
7) devoted译文：约翰是一位尽心尽职的员工。
无论你什么时候见到他，他都在埋头工作。
8) productive译文：开始一天的工作之前，进行规划和安排会让这一天更加富有成效，这是毫无疑问的。
9) commitment译文：我想对所有队员的投入表示感谢。
10) issue译文：公司将按计划于下个月发行新的股票。
11) ultimately译文：人们总是会给你建议，尽管最终你还是要做出自己的判断。
12) apply译文：我们为学生提供机会，让他们把课堂所学用于实践。
13) implement译文：领导力是执行变革的能力。
14) enhance译文：中国和欧盟同意加强合作，以应对诸如空气、水和土壤污染等方面的重要环境问题。
15) on average译文：平均来看，全球大约只有19%的人上完厕所后用香皂洗手。
2. 1) B 2) C 3) A 4) C 5) D 6) C 7)B 8) B 9) D 10) A3. 1) on build on 在原有的基础上增加2) to apply to 把……应用于3) on on average 平均来看4) up bring up 提出5) with conflict with与……冲突4. 1) enjoyable 愉快的2) attractive 吸引人的3) creative 有创造性的4) emerging 新兴的5) remarkable 引人注目的6) competitive 具有竞争力的7) countless 无数的8) respectful 彬彬有礼的5. 注解：本次语法练习主要关注被动语态的三种形式，即情态动词、完成时和进行时的被动语态。
大学英语跨文化交际chapter 1 Culture
A_______
P_______
_
Four definitions of “Culture”
I________
_
S_______
_
Text C The Characteristics of Culture
LEARNED
ADAPTIVE
CULTURE IS…
DYNAMIC
PERVASIVE
INTEGRATED
3. Culture Is Pervasive
Like the air we breathe, culture penetrates into every aspect of our life and influences the way we think, the way we talk, and the way we behave.
‘CULTURE’ IS:
We define culture as “the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.”
2. Culture Is Dynamic
Activity: Exploring Ideas Do you know any other events that have great influence on culture? Tell your partner how the following events changed culture. 1. China’s policy of reform and opening-up 2. The United States’ entering WWII 3. The atomic bombing in Japan in WWII
跨文化交际1 (1)
Chapter One:Culture and Communication1.The Importance of Learning about CulturesCase 1. Read the following case and try to explain the underlying reason.Case 1. The following case involves an American businesswoman and a British Businessman.“We seeme d to get along great on the telephone. It was a relief after several years in Eastern Europe to actually be doing business with the British. At least we spoke the same language,” says the American businesswoman. “We thought alike. I trusted him.”All went well until the American traveled to London to meet face-to-face with her British colleague to sign a research and development contract. The first meeting did not go well. “ There was something that didn‟t seem right,” she says. “Throughout the presentation none of the Brits, not even the guy I had developed a phone relationship with, would look us in the eye. It was like they were hiding something.After a lot of internal discussion, we decided to sign the contract, but many of us still felt uneasy. Even wh en we talked on the phone later I just couldn‟t get the failure of them to look me in the eye out of my head. It almost ruined the relationship and sunk the deal.”2.Understanding Culture2.1 The Definition of Culture(p2-p4)What’s culture?2.1 Larry A. Samovar and Richard E. Porter’s Definition of Culture (p4):The deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.文化的定义：文化是一个大群体在代代相传中，通过本人和集体的努力获得的知识、经验、信念、价值、态度、角色、空间关系、宇宙关系的积淀，以及他们获得的全部物质的东西。
跨文化案例1
Case Study Age and StatusCase Study 2 Praising Japanese in Public Workplaces （在工作场所当众表扬日本人）琼斯先生（美国经理）当众表扬苏琦木拓（日本员工）工作做得很棒，本以为苏琦木拓会高兴的接受，却不料…..Case description:American: Mr. Sugimoto, I have noticed that you are doing an excellent job on the assembly line. I hope that the other workers notice how it should be done.Japanese: (He is uneasy). Praise is not necessary. I am only doing my job. (He hopes other Japanese workers do not hear.)American: You are the finesse, most excellent, dedicated worker we have ever had at the Jones Corporation.Japanese: (He blushed and nods his head several times, and keeps working.)American: Well, are you going to say “thank you,” Mr. Sugimoto, or just remain silent? Japanese: Excuse me, Mr. Jones … May I take leave for five minutes?American: Sure. (He is annoyed and watched Sugimoto exit). I can’t believe how rude some Japanese workers are. They seem to be disturbed by praise and don’t answer you … just silent.1. Why was the conversation between Mr. Jones and Mr. Sugimoto not so pleasant?2. Why did they have such different reactions towards praising in public workplaces?3. If you were Mr. Sugimoto, would you accept praise from Mr. Jones in public workplaces?4. If you were Mr. Jones, how would you deal with the situation more appropriately?分析1. because of the cultural differences2.Americans like encouragement, they will speak what they think. they are quite open; while japanese are more preserve3. maybe not. because it was not common for japanese to accept praise in public places, including me. but if i was praised in private places, i would accept and thank Mr. Jones.4. praise Mr. Sugimoto privately。
跨文化交际-Unit_1
Word Combinations pushy
trying constantly to draw attention to oneself and gain an advantage; self-assertive 爱讨便宜的；坚持己见的；一意孤行的 e.g. He made himself unpopular by being so pushy. 他特别喜欢一意孤行，所以人缘不好。
Word Combinations
lie in ① (of abstract things) exist or be found
（指抽象事物）存在，在于 e.g. I only wish it lay within my power to help you. 我但愿能够帮助你。 e.g. The cure for stress lies in learning to relax. 消除紧张的办法在于学会放松。 e.g. It’s obvious where our interest lies. 我们的利益所在是明摆着的事情。 ② (Bri.) = (US) sleep in stay in bed after the normal time for getting up 睡懒觉 e.g. It’s a holiday tomorrow, so you can lie in. 明天是假日，你可以睡懒觉了。
Effective I.C.
• One aspect of effective I.C. is ensuring that messages are communicated accurately. As Gundykunst (1998) writes : “To communicate effectively, we must transmit our messages in a way that strangers [people of other cultural backgrounds] can understand what we mean, and we need to interpret strangers’ message in the way they meant them to be interpreted.” • However, as Lustig and Koester (1996) point out, effective I.C. requires more than simply getting one’s message across; it also requires communicating in ways that are considered appropriate by the involved parties and don’t result in unnecessary offense.
大学跨文化英语综合教程1
大学跨文化英语综合教程1U1•Reading & DigestingWarm-up1、It symbolizes the light of knowledge.2、Open for discussion. For example, you may draw a picture of students doing sports on the playground or studying in a library.Language practice > Task 11-5: FCLAB6-10: GOJID11-15: ENKHMLanguage practice > Task 21、B2、C3、A4、C5、D6、C7、B8、B9、D10、ALanguage practice > Task 31、on2、to3、on4、up5、withLanguage practice > Task 41、enjoyable2、attractive3、creative4、emerging5、remarkable6、competitive7、countless8、respectfulLanguage practice > Task 51、I realized that the parcel had been sent to a wrong address by the postman.2、He is being instructed by the examiner to drive out of town.3、A huge reserve for giant pandas has been built by China.4、Children should be taught some basic knowledge of the world by theirparents.5、Many visual details must be designed by the director in order to impress the audience.•Cultural ExplorationGaining an intercultural insight1）Interacting2）expanding3）global4）profession5）backgrounds6）promotes7）perspectives8）self-awareness9）sharpens10）contrastViewing1、In a university or college, a tutorial is a regular meeting betweena tutor and one or several students, for discussion of a subject that is being studied, while a lecture is a talk given by a professor in order to teach students about a particular subject.2、The size of a tutorial is a lot smaller than that of a lecture.3、Different from a tutorial, there is not much chance for interactionin a lecture. •Reading & Reflecting Additional exercises Task 11）H2）J3）N4）K5）D6）A7）F8）M9）E10）ITask 2A. Para. 5B. Para. 4C. Para. 10D. Para. 3E. Para. 8F. Para. 10G. Para. 2H. Para. 6I. Para. 7J.Para. 5U2•Reading & DigestingWarm-up1、Amy’s father encourages her by citing Amy’s mother as an example. He says that Amy also has the strength that has enabled her mother to follow her dream.2、Open for discussion.Language practice > Task 11-5: INOJE6-10: MLHAD11-15: FCBGKLanguage practice > Task 21、A2、B3、C4、A5、B6、B7、B8、A9、D10、CLanguage practice > Task 31、down2、from3、to4、for5、inLanguage practice > Task 41、development2、internationalization3、Per severance4、bitterness5、educator6、failure7、acceptance8、pressureLanguage practice > Task 51、can2、May3、can/maymust4、Mustneedn’t5、may6、need•Cultural ExplorationGaining an intercultural insight1）third culture kid2）lived abroad3）intelligent4）skilled5）tolerance6）understanding7）flexible8）challenges9）different10）delayedViewing1、The mother let her son ride the subway by himself.2、She intended to encourage the development of independence in her son.3、He enjoyed the idea.4、She started a business to help nervous parents.•Reading & Reflecting Additional exercises Task 11）M2）L3）B4）K5）G6）F7）H8）A9）D10）CTask 2A. Para.2B. Para. 5C. Para. 6D. Para. 1E. Para. 6F. Para. 5G. Para. 2H. Para. 3I. Para. 4K.Para. 3U3•Reading & DigestingWarm-up1、He thought of a poor and old farmer holding a chicken and standing on an isolated piece of land, because he believes China is an underdeveloped place.2、Open for discussion.Language practice > Task 11-5: NFDJA6-10: MEBOC11-15: KGIHLLanguage practice > Task 21、B2、G3、D4、C5、E6、A7、H8、F9、I10、JLanguage practice > Task 31、for2、to3、to4、by5、ofLanguage practice > Task 41、preview2、forecast3、Mid-Autumn4、refreshed5、postgraduate6、postindustrial7、foretold8、prehistoryLanguage practice > Task 51、Early in the day came the news that Germany had started a war on Russia.2、He finally learned the fact that the students who will be most successful are those who have read extensively.3、Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming toinspect them．4、The event that Netherlands has declared same-sex marriages legal grabbed the headlines worldwide.5、I’m flying high today after hearing the news that J. K. Rowling, the author of Harry Potter, will speak at Harvard University this June. •Cultural ExplorationGaining an intercultural insight1、stereotype2、advantage3、disadvantage4、true5、simplify6、characteristics7、prejudice8、impression9、overweight10、NegativeViewing1、Because both Mika’s mother and her elder brother said something unpleasant to belittle her in front of the guests on her wedding day.2、She told Tony that they didn’t really mean it though they were saying in that way since everybody knew her kids were great.•Reading & Reflecting Additional exercises > Task 11）B2）H3）F4）J5）D6）N7）A8）I9）O10）LTask 2A. Para. 3B. Para. 5C. Para. 3D. Para. 1E. Para. 6F. Para. 2G. Para. 4H. Para. 7I. Para. 6J.Para. 3U4•Reading & DigestingWarm-up1、I think Amy and her father are great because without their help, the geese may not be able to migrate successfully in winter.2、Open for discussion.Language practice > Task 11-5: CKGLM6-10:BAJDO11-15: EHFNILanguage practice > Task 21、D2、F3、A4、G5、I6、H7、B8、J9、E10、CLanguage practice > Task 31、into2、into3、on4、away5、offLanguage practice > Task 41、Internet2、export3、upload4、subway5、transplant6、interview7、undersea8、transcontinental Language practice > Task 51、had gone2、had given3、had longed4、had been5、had been dug•Cultural ExplorationGaining an intercultural insight 1）unacceptable2）demanded3）consumption4）overcrowded5）overgrown6）behave7）chain8）slower9）natural10）quality•Reading & ReflectingAdditional exercisesTask 11）B2）I3）E4）H5）G6）C7）A8）O9）J10）NTask 2A. Para. 2B. Para. 6C. Para. 4D. Para. 5E. Para. 2F. Para. 1G. Para. 3H. Para. 6I. Para. 5K.Para. 6U5•Reading & DigestingWarm-up1、Open for discussion.2、As is shown in the clip, the man buys coffee for a woman (a stranger), and the woman does the same thing for another. If this kind of giving goes on and on, it will help create a better world.Language practice > Task 11-5: GEFJN6-10: KLDAI11-15: HBMOCLanguage practice > Task 21、A2、B3、B4、D5、C6、C7、D8、A9、B10、BLanguage practice > Task 31、with2、in3、on4、on5、inLanguage practice > Task 4 1、overcrowded2、superpowers3、outnumber4、extracurricular5、hyperlink6、byproducts7、extrasolar8、overloadLanguage practice > Task 51、must have got up2、can/may be driving3、must be speaking4、may have happened5、must have entered6、may be picking up/doing •Cultural ExplorationAppreciate a Song1）love2）tomorrow3）sorrow4）care5）space6）place8）lie9）giving10）blissGaining an intercultural insight1）being2）presence3）care4）affection5）liking6）comfortably7）concert8）express9）appliance10）conveyViewing1、The video is about the athletes who participate in the Paralympics Games. They are portrayed as “superhumans” because they overcome their physical disabilities and excel as sports stars.2、Open for discussion.•Reading & ReflectingAdditional exercises1）J2）I3）D4）H5）E6）G7）C8）F9）B10）ATask 2A. Para. 8B. Para. 13C. Para. 6D. Para. 2E. Para. 10F. Para. 15G. Para. 12H. Para. 9I. Para. 14 J.Para. 11U6•Reading & DigestingWarm-up1、People feel strange, bewildered or awkward.2、Open for discussion.Language practice > Task 11-5: OAJHB6-10: CDIFG11-15: KLMENLanguage practice > Task 21、A2、D3、B4、B5、C6、A7、C8、B9、D10、ALanguage practice > Task 31、on2、with3、At4、across5、onLanguage practice > Task 41、heroism2、manhood3、racism4、leaflet5、poetess6、leadership7、membership8、neighborhoodLanguage practice > Task 51、Be large or small,2、Be it early or late,3、Be it a plant or fish or a tiny insect,4、be it selling goods or shipping them,5、be it selling goods or shipping them,6、be it selling goods or shipping them, •Cultural ExplorationGaining an intercultural insight1）concepts2）ancient3）outer4）interaction5）cause6）exist7）passive8）active9）sense10）temperatureViewing·Rich’s improper behaviors are as follows:1）He had the second glass of beer for himself when toasting.2) He finished all the beer in his glass when others just had half an inch for taste.3) He had too much shrimp when the dish was served.4) He bragged he was a fast learner of chopsticks.5) He directly pointed out something not so good about Lindo’s cooking and added soy sauce to the dish.·Some etiquette suggestions for Rich are:1) It is impolite to take a second glass of beer when toasting and especially when others have only had a little.2) It is impolite to have a big share of the best dish without giving others a chance to taste.3) Humility is considered a virtue in the Chinese culture, so do not brag.4) Paying compliments to the host’s dishes is always welcome.5) Never point out your host’s flaws or mistakes directly. •Reading & ReflectingAdditional exercises >Task 11）G2）L3）K4）I5）D6）E7）M8）H9）F10）OTask 2A. Para. 5B. Para. 3C. Para. 1D. Para. 7E. Para. 6F. Para. 2G. Para. 4H. Para. 4I. Para. 5K.Para. 1U7•Reading & DigestingWarm-up1、Chinese parents prefer their children to be obedient. They often havea strong sense of honor and expect their children to excel in whatever they do.2、Open for discussion.Language practice > Task 11-5: JNHAM6-10: COKDF11-15: ELGBILanguage practice > Task 21、C2、A3、E4、H5、I6、B7、D8、J9、F10、GLanguage practice > Task 31、for2、of3、in4、as5、byLanguage practice > Task 41、sharpen2、idealize3、memorize4、simplify5、motivate6、beautify7、strengthen8、modernizeLanguage practice > Task 51、that he had finished all the work before I arrived.2、when and where he had met with the victim the last time.3、if it was the quickest way to plant huge quantities of seeds.4、that I had been there for two decades.5、that I had not reported the problems in time to save trouble. •Cultural ExplorationGaining an intercultural insight1）talents2）advanced3）driven4）competitive5）primary6）repay7）describe8）cousin9）regularly10）pleasantViewing 11、F2、T3、F5、TViewing 2a、Bb、Ac、Ad、Be、Af、Ag、Ch、Ci、C•Reading & Reflecting Additional exercises Task 11）N2）C3）E4）K5）H6）J7）I9）F10）LTask 2A. Para. 7B. Para. 8C. Para. 9D. Para. 14E. Para. 11F. Para. 13G. Para. 6H. Para. 1I. Para. 3J.Para. 5U8•Reading & DigestingWarm-up1、Before their trip to America, the Sudanese boys thought the U.S. was an alien world where people bathed in different ways, used electricity, lived in apartments, and where men took only one wife.2、People were not friendly. They often walked alone. People did not talk to each other, especially to strangers.Language practice > Task 1 1-5: NDKFC6-10: EGJBH11-15: MLOIALanguage practice > Task 21、C2、E3、G4、A5、F6、I7、J8、B9、D10、HLanguage practice > Task 31、to2、from3、from4、on5、byLanguage practice > Task 41、discouraged2、unnecessary3、discharging4、irresponsible5、unintentionally6、dishonorable7、nonprofit8、inabilityLanguage practice > Task 51、He has made many attempts to meet the challenge, which would help seize an opportunity for overseas market.2、My family could not afford any toys in my childhood, which upset my twin brother and me a lot.3、My dog, whose temper is unstable, often bites the judges at dog shows.4、Wolves are highly social animals, whose success depends on cooperation.5、His grandfather, from whom young people can always learn a lot, isa man of great knowledge.6、Do you know the man to whom I nodded just a moment ago?•Cultural ExplorationGaining an intercultural insight1）valuable2）given3）normal4）keep in mind5）role6）patients7）view of time8）appointment9）Neither10）equippedViewing1、His eyes are green, because green symbolizes jealousy in English-speaking cultures. In the movie, Scar is jealous of Simba’s right to the throne.2、Other examples about color choice from The Lion Kinga.the colors (yellow and orange) of Mufasa and Simba symbolize justice;b.the color (black) of Scar’s mane stands for evil and disaster;c.the colors (black and gray) of the hyenas and the place (the cave) they lived in before Scar took the throne suggests evil;d.the color (brown) of Timon and Pumbaa stands for kindness and friendliness;e.the color (blue) of Rafiki (the monkey) stands for truth and nobility. •Reading & ReflectingAdditional exercisesTask 11）C2）F3）D4）N5）J6）I7）E8）L9）M10）HTask 2A. Para. 19B. Para. 1C. Para. 2D. Para. 13E. Para. 1F. Para. 21G. Para. 21H. Para. 1I. Para. 19 J. Para. 20。
跨文化作业1
Chapter 1 CulturePart I questionsCase 11.What have you learned about Indian culture from this caseThe Indian culture is diverse and composed by the traditional custom and the newly concepts.Text A the Nature of Culture1.In what way is culture like an icebergSome of the elements which make up culture are visible, whereas others are hard to discover. The idea behind this model is that culture can be pictured as an iceberg: only a very small portion of the iceberg can be seen above the water.What features of culture can you infer from this simileThe visible parts of culture are just expressions of its invisible parts. And it is difficult to understand people with different cultural backgrounds-we may observe the visible parts of “their iceberg”, but we cannot immediately see what are the foundations that these parts rest upon.2.What features of culture can you infer from the metaphor “culture is our software”Human around the world are physically pretty much the same. Culture provides the difference and transformation as software. As with any good software, we are vaguely aware of it as we use it.3.In what way is culture like the water a fish swims inOur culture is so much a part of who we are and what the word is like for us that we do not notice it. We take it for granted. For most people, for most of their lives, everything they see and do take place in the same culture.4.According to your understanding of all the similes and metaphors in this text, what doesculture include and what features does culture haveCulture is the grammar of our behavior. It includes all the rules that make actions meaningful to the people around them. People learn their cultural grammar unconsciously and apply its rules automatically. It is difficult to describe the meaning system of people’s own culture.Text B Definitions of culture1. According to your understanding of all the definitions in this text, what does culture include and what features does culture haveCulture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religious, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.Text C Characteristics of Culturepare features of culture you have concluded from text A and B with the characteristicsof culture in text CI n text C culture is learned, dynamic, pervasive, integrated and adaptive.2.Do you know any others channels through which culture is learned List them down. Legend, tales, folk songs, drawing, or daily life.3.In what sense is culture dynamic Explain with examples.Cultures are constantly changing over time. . the American civil war and china’s opium war brought great social and cultural changes to both societies.4.In what sense is culture pervasive Explain with examples.Culture penetrates into every aspect of our life and influence the way we think, the way we talk, and the way we believe. Culture pervades all these areas: arts and artifacts, beliefs, behaviors, ceremonies, etc.5.In what sense is culture integrated Explain with examples.Culture functions as an integrated whole and it is systemic. . in the civil rights movement in the united states, there brought about changes in housing patterns, discrimination practices, educational opportunities, the legal system, and even communication. Hence, this one aspect of culture has altered American attitudes, values, and behaviors.6.In what sense is culture adaptive Explain with examples.History abounds with examples of how cultures have changed because of laws, natural disasters, wars, or other calamities. . in china in the past, women were expected to remain in the home and raise the children. However, forces in the culture, as well as economic considerations, have dramatically altered the role of women in our country.Case 41. What does coconut-skating mean here in the case Are you surprised at the maid’s skatingIt means the difference between two different cultures, and one newly object to another culture.2. Which characteristic of culture does this case point to or resembleCulture is dynamic.Text D1.What is cultural identity Is it a conscious or unconscious processCulture identity refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. It is formed in a process that results from membership in a particular culture, and involves learning about and accepting the traditions, heritage, language, religion, aesthetics, thinking pattern, and social structures of a culture. It is a conscious process.2.How is cultural identity formedCultural identities often develop through a process involving three stages: unexamined cultural identity, cultural identity search, and cultural identity achievement.3.What are the characteristics of cultural identityCultural identities are central, dynamic, and multifaceted components of one’s self-concept.4.How many cultural identities do you have Which one is put at the top for you How is yourcultural identity influence you life experienceThere are four. A Chinese is the top of them. My cultural identity multifaceted components of my self-concept.Case 51.Which stage of formation of cultural identity do you think “I” (the black girl) amThe second stage: cultural identity search.2.What did the other two Black girls mean by “chocolate milk”They mean “I’ am”composed with not only the black appearance but also the white culture.3.How do you think the other two Black girls recognize their cultural identityThey think they are the black, and they just accept the black culture.Text E1.What is a subculture What are subcultures often based on Name just a few subculturesthat you know.Complex societies are made up of a large number of groups with which people identify and from which distinctive values and norms and rues for behavior are derived. These groups have been labeled subcultures. They often based on economic or social class, ethnicity race, or geographic region. . Beat Generation, Youth Subculture.2.Why do scholars prefer to use “co-culture” instead of “subculture”Subculture has been defined as “a part of the whole”, the word co-culture is suggested to convey the idea that no one culture is inherently superior to other coexisting cultures.3.What is a subgroup Name just a few subgroups that you know. Why do you think theybelong to the same groupSubgroups provide members with relatively complete sets of values and patterns of behavior and in many ways pose similar communication problems as cultures. . Sony, IBM. Because the most important element of a subgroup is that it provides its members with a set of values and norms for behaviors.4.What are the characteristics of subgroupsThey are “deviant”label and temporality.。
大学跨文化英语1张红玲第三单元答案
大学跨文化英语1张红玲第三单元答案1、He has bought an unusual car. [单选题] *A. 平常的B. 异常的(正确答案)C. 漂亮的D. 废弃的2、Mum, this T-shirt is much too small for me. Would you buy me a _______ one? [单选题] *A. niceB. largeC. nicerD. larger(正确答案)3、A good teacher is able to_____a complicated idea in very simple terms. [单选题] *A.put across(正确答案)B.break upC.work outD.bring out4、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister5、85．You’d better? ? ? ? ? a taxi, or you’ll be late. [单选题] *A．take(正确答案)B．takingC．tookD．to take6、Many of my classmates are working _______volunteers. [单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. toC. atD. like7、( ) ----Would you like___ tea? ----No, thanks. I have drunk two____. [单选题] *A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orange(正确答案)C. many, bottles of orangesD. few, bottle of oranges8、pencil - box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ____. [单选题] *A. Tom's; my; heB. Tom's; mine; his(正确答案)C. Tom's; mine; himD. Tom's; my; his9、The green shorts are _______ sale for ＄[单选题] *A. forB. on(正确答案)C. atD. with10、It’s raining outside. Take an _______ with you. [单选题] *A. cashB. life ringC. cameraD. umbrella(正确答案)11、Do not _______ me to help you unless you work harder. [单选题] *A. expect(正确答案)B. hopeC. dependD. think12、______ my great joy, I met an old friend I haven' t seen for years ______ my way ______ town. [单选题] *A. To, in, forB. To, on, to(正确答案)C. With, in, toD. For, in, for13、My mother and my aunt are both _______. They work in a big supermarket. [单选题] *A. actressesB. doctorsC. salesmenD. saleswomen(正确答案)14、66．—How much meat do you want?—________．[单选题] *A．Sorry, there isn't anyB．I can't give you anyC．Half a kilo, please(正确答案)D．Twelve yuan a kilo15、You should _______ fighting with your parents although you may have different ideas from time to time. [单选题] *A. suggestB. enjoyC. avoid(正确答案)D. practice16、If we want to keep fit, we should try to _______ bad habits. [单选题] *A. keepB. haveC. getD. get rid of(正确答案)17、Was（）that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself18、_____ of the land in this area _____ covered with forest. [单选题] *A. Two-fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is(正确答案)D. Two fifths; are19、It _____ us a lot of time to do this job. [单选题] *A. spentB. madeC. took(正确答案)D. cost20、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *A. HowB. How aC. What(正确答案)D. What a21、His sister ______ the chess club.（）[单选题] *A. want to joinB. want joiningC. wants to join(正确答案)D. wants joining22、Many volunteers _______ food and water to the local people in Japan after tsunami(海啸）. [单选题] *A. gave out(正确答案)B. cut outC. put outD. found out23、The news is?_______. We are all _______ at it. [单选题] *A. exciting;?excited(正确答案)B. excited;?excitingC. exciting;?excitingD. excited;?excited24、The scenery is so beautiful. Let’s _______. [单选题] *A. take photos(正确答案)B. take mapsC. take busD. take exams25、Will you be able to finish your homework _______? [单选题] *A. by the timeB. in time(正确答案)C. once upon a timeD. out of time26、( ) The Great Wall was listed by the UNESCO as ___ World Heritage Site. [单选题]*A. a(正确答案)B. theC.\D.an27、You cannot see the doctor _____ you have made an appointment with him. [单选题] *A. exceptB.evenC. howeverD.unless(正确答案)28、Actually, we don't know whether this news comes from a reliable（）or not. [单选题] *A. source(正确答案)B. originC. basisD. base29、91．—Do you live in front of the big supermarket?—No. I live ________ the supermarket ________ the post office. [单选题] *A．across; fromB．next; toC．between; and(正确答案)D．near; to30、You are getting too old for football.You had better _____tennis instead. [单选题] *A.take up(正确答案)B.take inC.take forD.take over。
国开作业跨文化沟通-形成性考核一08参考（含答案）
题目：管理语言的改变可以用来缩小管理者与被管理者之间地位的差别。
选项A：对选项B：错答案：对题目：1980年，郝夫斯特在《文化的后果》一书中提出了( )四个文化维度。
选项A：三选项B：五选项C：一选项D：四答案：四题目：( )是交流最重要的前提。
选项A：达成协议选项B：互通见解选项C：交流信息选项D：明确的目标答案：明确的目标题目：美国人在交谈时喜欢不停地拍碰对方,表示亲热和友好，尤其是熟人或友人。
选项A：对选项B：错答案：错题目：对各国的商务谈判习俗叙述不正确的是（）。
选项A：日本人通常很少能在谈判中做出让步选项B：德国人只对他们的朋友和家人才微笑，他们认为对陌生人微笑是一种愚蠢的怪僻选项C：在韩国建立良好的关系对生意的成功不是必要的选项D：在虔诚的穆斯林国家，饮酒是绝对禁止的答案：在韩国建立良好的关系对生意的成功不是必要的题目：下列不属于口头语言交流的跨文化的是（）。
选项A：语音和语调选项B：高语境和低语境选项C：插嘴和沉默选项D：直接和婉转答案：语音和语调题目：通过自己的各种文化经历，把本地文化的特点同其他文化进行融合是指：( )。
选项A：跨文化交流选项B：文化适应选项C：文化敏感性选项D：实用的跨文化能力答案：文化敏感性题目：能够有效地在全球环境下运营并尊重不同的文化差异是指：( )。
选项A：文化敏感性选项B：跨文化交流选项C：文化协同选项D：全球领导力答案：全球领导力题目：商务谈判三步曲”，即谈判的步骤不包括（）。
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跨文化作业1-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KIIChapter 1 CulturePart I questionsCase 11.What have you learned about Indian culture from this case2.The Indian culture is diverse and composed by the traditional custom and the newly concepts.Text A the Nature of Culture1.In what way is culture like an iceberg2.Some of the elements which make up culture are visible, whereas others are hard to discover. The idea behind this model is that culture can be pictured as an iceberg: only a very small portion of the iceberg can be seen above the water.What features of culture can you infer from this simileThe visible parts of culture are just expressions of its invisible parts. And it is difficult to understand people with different cultural backgrounds-we may observe the visible parts of “their iceberg”, but we cannot immediately see what are the foundations that these parts rest upon.3.What features of culture can you infer from the metaphor “culture is oursoftware”4.Human around the world are physically pretty much the same. Culture provides the difference and transformation as software. As with any good software, we are vaguely aware of it as we use it.5.In what way is culture like the water a fish swims in6.7.Our culture is so much a part of who we are and what the word is like for us that we do not notice it. We take it for granted. For most people, for most of their lives, everything they see and do take place in the same culture.8.According to your understanding of all the similes and metaphors in this text,what does culture include and what features does culture have?9.Culture is the grammar of our behavior. It includes all the rules that make actions meaningful to the people around them. People learn their cultural grammar unconsciously and apply its rules automatically. It is difficult to describe the meaning system of people’s own culture.Text B Definitions of culture1. According to your understanding of all the definitions in this text, what does culture include and what features does culture have?Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religious, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.Text C Characteristics of Culturepare features of culture you have concluded from text A and B with thecharacteristics of culture in text CI n text C culture is learned, dynamic, pervasive, integrated and adaptive.2.Do you know any others channels through which culture is learned3.List them down.Legend, tales, folk songs, drawing, or daily life.4.In what sense is culture dynamic Explain with examples.Cultures are constantly changing over time. E.g. the American civil war and china’s opium war brought great social and cultural changes to both societies.5.In what sense is culture pervasive Explain with examples.Culture penetrates into every aspect of our life and influence the way we think, the way we talk, and the way we believe. Culture pervades all these areas: arts and artifacts, beliefs, behaviors, ceremonies, etc.6.In what sense is culture integrated7.Explain with examples.Culture functions as an integrated whole and it is systemic. E.g. in the civil rights movement in the united states, there brought about changes in housing patterns, discrimination practices, educational opportunities, the legal system, and even communication. Hence, this one aspect of culture has altered American attitudes, values, and behaviors.8.In what sense is culture adaptive9.Explain with examples.History abounds with examples of how cultures have changed because of laws, natural disasters, wars, or other calamities. E.g. in china in the past, women were expected to remain in the home and raise the children. However, forces in the culture, as well as economic considerations, have dramatically altered the role of women in our country.Case 41. What does coconut-skating mean here in the caseAre you surprised at the maid’s skating?It means the difference between two different cultures, and one newly object to another culture.2. Which characteristic of culture does this case point to or resembleCulture is dynamic.Text D1.What is cultural identity2.Is it a conscious or unconscious process3.Culture identity refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. It is formed in a process that results from membership in a particular culture, and involves learning about and accepting the traditions, heritage, language, religion, aesthetics, thinking pattern, and social structures of a culture. It is a conscious process.4.How is cultural identity formed5.6.Cultural identities often develop through a process involving three stages: unexamined cultural identity, cultural identity search, and cultural identity achievement.7.What are the characteristics of cultural identity8.9.Cultural identities are central, dynamic, and multifaceted components of one’s self-concept.10.How many cultural identities do you have11.Which one is put at the top for you12.How is your cultural identity influence you life experience13.There are four. A Chinese is the top of them. My cultural identity multifaceted components of my self-concept.Case 51.Which stage of formation of cultural identity do you think “I” (the black girl) am2.The second stage: cultural identity search.3.What did the other two Black girls mean by “chocolate milk”4.They mean “I’ am” composed with not only the black appearance but also the white culture.5.How do you think the other two Black girls recognize their cultural identity They think they are the black, and they just accept the black culture.Text E1.What is a subculture2.What are subcultures often based on just a few subcultures that you know.Complex societies are made up of a large number of groups with which people identify and from which distinctive values and norms and rues for behavior are derived. These groups have been labeled subcultures. They often based on economic or social class, ethnicity race, or geographic region. E.g. Beat Generation, Youth Subculture.4.Why do scholars prefer to use “co-culture” instead of “subculture”5.Subculture has been defined as “a part of the whole”, the word co-culture is suggested to convey the idea that no one culture is inherently superior to other coexisting cultures.6.What is a subgroup just a few subgroups that you know. Why do you think they belong tothe same group8.Subgroups provide members with relatively complete sets of values and patterns of behavior and in many ways pose similar communication problems as cultures. E.g. Sony, IBM. Because the most important element of a subgroup is that it provides its members with a set of values and norms for behaviors.9.What are the characteristics of subgroups10.11.They are “deviant” label and temporality.。