新东方初中升高中基础语法1

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1. By and large, young people are the pillars of the society. 总体而言，年轻人是社会的栋梁。 2. Poverty is one of the reasons for youngsters to skip school and commit crimes. 贫困是年轻人不上学和犯罪的原因之一。
（ ） 6. Joy and Sorrow _____ next-door neighbours. A. is B. are C. were D. be （ ）7. In my opinion, some of the news _____ unbelievable. A. are B. is C. has been D. have been （ ）8. When ______ the United Nations founded? A. is B. are C. was D. were （ ）9. Every possible means _____ . A. has tried B. has been tried C. was tried D. were tried （ ） 10. What she says and does _____ nothing to do with me. A. was B. were C. has D. have
3.主谓宾
机器吞了我的卡！ The machine ate my card.
4.在SVoO结构中，o是间接宾语，O是直接宾 语 ①I gave him a book. ②I made myself a cup of tea. ③Someone left you this note.
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You jump. I jump. Fight, you may die. Run, you will live…
A bad thing never dies. 遗臭万年。
写作、口语的利用
Sth matter(s).
教育非常的重要。 交流非常的重要。 保护环境非常的重要。
Every click matters.
指代意义决定谓语的单复数
>All (is/are) right. >All (is/are) present. >代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most,
all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定
指代意义决定谓语的单复数
>His family (isn't/aren't) very large. >His family (is/are) music lovers.
〉当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一 人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前 只有一个冠词。
典型例题
〉The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were
You make me happy. You make me happy I give you happiness. I could give you happiness
简单句
1.在主谓结构中，谓语动词是不及物动词 vi.
常见的不及物动词： Jump, sit, stand, think, sleep, wait, die, fight, run, live…
谓语动词与前面的主语一致
>The teacher together with some students (is/are) visiting the factory. >He as well as I (want/wants) to go boating.
>当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。
I swear by the moon and the stars in the sky. I love you with every beat of my heart
You are so beautiful like an angle from the heaven. anytime anyhow. in the future.
主+谓 主+谓+宾 主+系+表 主+谓+宾+宾补 主+谓+双宾
I swear. I love you. You are beautiful. You make me happy. I give you happiness.
I swear. I love you. You are beautiful.
5.在SVOC结构中,C是补语
①We made him our spokesman ②We will make them happy.
主谓一致
并列结构作主语时
〉Reading and writing （are/is） very important.
〉The iron and steel industry （are/is） very important to our life.
A-level基础语法
王晓妍 wangxiaoyan9@xdf.cn
Know your foes
Just as the ancient Chinese philosophical book-The Art of War concludes: If you know yourself and your enemy, you'll never lose a battle.
谓语需用单数的情况
〉Each of us (has/have) a tape-recorder. 〉 There (is/are) something wrong with my watch. 〉each, every, some, no, any作主语或主语含有这些词时 〉当主语是一本书或一条格言时 〉The Arabian Night (is/are) a book known to lovers of English. 〉Three weeks (was/were) allowed for making the necessary preparations. 〉Ten yuan (is/are) enough. 〉表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡名词作主语时
〉Most of his money (is/are) spent on books. 〉Most of the students (is/are) taking an active part in sports. 〉用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of
3.Pron
如果我是你的话… If I were you… (虚拟语气)
You are somebody! 你很了不起！
你一无是处！ You are nobody!
4.Prep I am in. 算我一个。 电视开着呢。 The TV is on.
这个礼物是给你的。 The gift is for you.
1 到那里后记住给我们写一封信。 Remember to write us a letter when you get there. 2 他们授予他战斗英雄的称号（award， the title of Combat Hero ）。 They awarded him the title of Combat Hero.
>family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee。谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体 中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。
指代意义决定谓语的单复数
〉A number of books (has/have) lent out. 〉The number of students (is/are) about twenty. 〉A variety of food (is/are) sold at a supermarket. 〉The variety of goods in this shop (is/are) rich. 〉population, proportion, majority
等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词 保持一致。
>A series of accidents (has/have) been reported. >A pile of lots (was/were) set beside the hearth. >用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数
课程安排
五大基本句型
主谓一致 动词的时态 被动语态
五大基本句型
一切从简单开始
简单句只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个 谓语（或并列谓语）结构，而句子各个成分都 只由单词或短语表示.
简单句
简单句——五种基本句型
SV主谓 SLP主系表 SVO主谓宾 SVoO主谓宾宾（双宾语） SVOC主谓宾补
五大基本句型
2.在主系表结构中，谓语动词是系 动词. 系动词：be动词，五大感官动词
表语的构成
表语的构成
1.Adj 2.N 3.Pron 4.Prep 5.非谓语动词 6.从句
造句练习
1.Adj 我很幸运。 I am very lucky.
2.N 我是个幸运儿。 I am a lucky dog.
造句练习
（ ） 1. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were （ ） 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play （ ） 3. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are （ ） 4. Ten minutes ______ a long time for one who waits. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed （ ） 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _____ a driving license. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having’
（ ）11. There _____ a dictionary and several books on the desk. A. are B. must C. have been D. is （ ）12. Nobody ______ seen the film. It’s a pity. A. but Tom and Jack have B. except Tom and Jack have C. but my friends has D. but I have （ ）13. No teacher and no student ______． A. are admitted B. is admitted C. are admitting D. is admitting （ ）14. All but one ______ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were （ ）15. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
靠近原则
>There (is/are) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. >There (is/are) twenty boy-students and twentythree girl-students in the class. >Either you or she (is/are) to go. >Here (is/are) a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.