Model Test 2
Model test 2
Model test 2一、词汇题（本题共20小题，每小题1分满分20 分）Par tⅠ.VocabularyDirections: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Please write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. Don't touch it; otherwise you might _________ the alarm system.a.motivateb.activatec.stimulated.regulate2. The verb must agree _______ the subject _________ person and number.a.with...tob.about...inc.with... ind.on...to3. To help the students to understand, the lecturer drew a(n) __________ between the way water moves in wave and the way light travels.a.conclusionb.linec.attentiond.analogy4. There was still a long way to go._________,some progress had been made.a.As a resultb.Moreoverc.What s mored.Nonetheless5. The thief wore a false beard and glasses as a ________.a.trickb.disguisec.maskd.pretence6. How to dispose _________ the nuclear waste is a pressing problem for scientists and politicians alike.a of b.with c.to d.behind7. This regulation doesn't _________ you, so don't worry about it.a.concern b acclaim c.distract d.disturb8.A nurse has many duties to _________ in caring for the sick.a.achievepletec.fulfilld.finish9. At the gates of most five-star hotels,the hotel doorman will _________ a cab for you.a.hailb.reservec.taked.halt10. At the head of the valley. the scouts turned left and headed ________ the summit.a.tob.forc.ond.toward11.Instead of formulas and charts, the math teacher uses games and drawings to__the subject.a.designateb.imaginec.eliminated.illuminate12.To call the music of another music-culture "primitive" is __one's own standards on a group that does not recognize them.a.puttingb.emphasizingpellingd.imposing13.He actually had no plan for a new car.He bought it __.a.for an impulseb.at an impulsec.on an impulsed.in an impulse14.It is real problem for the modern society that some people have become so __the suffering of others.a.cautious againstb.rigid inc.indifferent tod.scared of15.He is a real role model and I have always regard him as a man of __.a.prosperityb.superiorityc.integrityd.popularity16.The noise coming from the nearby construction site every night really__the neighborhood.a.excitesb.brightensc.irritatesd.surprises17.The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to __himself.a.spotb.placec.located.establish18.The disease typically__itself in a high fever and chest pains.a.assertedb.expressedc.justifiedd.manifested19.The__driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.monb.averageuald.general20.Now that the initial shock was __ , he was in considerable pain.a.wearing awayb.wearing downc.wearing outd.wearing off二、判断题（本题共10小题，每小题1 分，满分10分）Part II. True or FalseDirections: Read the following passage and 10 statements, decide whether each of the statements is true or false, based on the information from the passage. Write T for true or F for false on the Answer Sheet.How to Achieve Good Mental HealthMost Americans believe that good emotional health is just as important as good physical health. In fact, in a survey conducted in 1996, the American Psychological Association (APA) found that 84 percent of Americans feel psychological health is important for overall good health. The survey also found some disturbing news –47 percent of Americans don't know when it's appropriate to see a mental health professional and 68 percent don't know how to find a mental health professional to help them.People may need professional help to maintain good psychological health in much the same way that you need a dentist to examine a toothache, a physician to set a broken bone, and a lawyer to answer legal questions.“One of the ways to achieve good mental health is to talk to people you trust about what’s bothering you,” said Dorothy Cantor, Psy. D., former president of the American Psychological Association. “Try not to turn a bad day into a major catastrophe – we all have bad days once in a while. But, if time passes and you’re still feeling overwhelmed by problems in your life, even after you have talked to people who you love, admire and trust, then perhaps it’s time to talk to a mental health professional.”When you have a question about your emotional health, psychologists can be a great resource. Psychologists have the necessary background and education to help you resolve your problems and help you find solutions you may not have known existed. After graduation from college, psychologists spend an average of seven years in graduate education training and research before receiving a doctoral degree. As part of their professional training, they must complete a supervised clinical internship in a hospital or organized health setting and at least one year of post-doctoral supervised experience before they can practice independently in any health care arena.According to Dr. Cantor, learning to talk about your problems and concerns is an important part of taking good care of you and maintaining good psychological health.“When you have good emotional health, you’re able to experi ence feelings, share them appropriately and not be overwhelmed by them. That doesn’t mean you can never be angry or sad. It means finding a balance and expressing your feelings appropriately,” said Dr. Cantor.Good psychological health means having the mental energy to function well at home, atwork and at play. “It means being able to eat, sleep and relax without feeling anxious, depressed or worried,” she said.How to maintain good mental healthIn addition to taking care of your loved ones and your career, it is important that you take care of yourself. “Find time to do things you enjoy –things that you’re passionate about. Spend time exercising and eating well,” suggested Dr. Cantor.She warns that when you put yourself last on the pr iority list, you’re not going to be able to maintain good psychological health. “In some instances, women put themselves low on the priority list and don’t take care of themselves. They become more concerned with taking care of everyone else and they may forget about themselves. Men, on the other hand, have a tendency to ignore signals that something is distressing them and typically won’t talk about their problems.”Good psychological health vs. good physical health Sychological health affects physical health. “We’ve been told for so long to get physical checkups, but taking care of our emotional well being has been sorely overlooked,” she said.“We are ‘whole’ people – whole in the sense that our minds and bodies are connected. If we only take care of our physical well-being and not our emotional well-being, it could come back to haunt us.”“When we’re doing the things that enable us to have good emotional health, we’re far more likely to maintain both the level of physical and emotional health we need. We feel energetic and more productive at home and at work,” said Dr. Cantor.21. There is no need to check emotional matters.22. Find time to do things you enjoy can solve all the problem.23. It’s wicked to search for help from professionals in hospital just for mental illness.24. Mental illness and mental disorder are sharing the same meaning.25. Physical checkups is more important than mental checkups.26. Men are willing to share something unhappy with others.27.Women doesn’t put themselves low on the priority list.28. If you feel angry ,just keep moving without words. That’s good for your health.29.Tell what’s bothering you to your friend can solve some problems.30.If we only take care of our physical well-being and not our emotional well-being, it could come back to haunt us. ”三、完形填空题（本题共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）Part ⅢClozeDirections: Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter forWise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 26 your money or can add to the cost.Take the 27 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the 28 buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest 29 price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive 30 to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you 31 when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable 32 in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new 33 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive 34 , or a service, do check四、阅读理解题（本题共20小题，每小题2分, 满分40 分）。
Model Test 2听力文本和参考答案
Q: What do we know from the conversation?
Conversation One
W: Can you give me an example?
M: Certainly. One that immediately springs to mind was a Victorian surgeon by the name of Buckland. Being a great animal lover he used to share his house openly with the strangest creatures, including snakes, bears, rats, monkeys and eagles.
M: As far as preparation is concerned, there will never be an end to it.
Q: What does the man imply?
15.
W: Could you spare me a few minutes to go over a letter I have just written? You see I've never written a letter in English before, so I've probably made lots of mistakes.
Conversation Two
W: Now I've got your background. Let's talk about the management trainee scheme. What exactly do you think a manager does?
model test 2
欧洲文化入门试卷2I.Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question，four suggested answers marked[A]，[B]，[C] and [D]are given．Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers tile question by blackening the corresponding letter Oil the ANSWER SHEET．(40 points，2 points each)1. Who were considered as people by the ancient Athens?A. Women citizensB. AdultsC. Adult male citizensD. Foreigners and children2. Which of the following is tree about Dialogues?A. Dialogues was a book written by SocratesB. Dialogues was a record of life of PlatoC. Dialogues was a record of Socrates written by PlatoD. Dialogues was a record of Socrates’s sayings by his followers3. The great deed that David performed wasA. he took the Hebrews back to CanaanB. he killed Goliath, the philistine giantC. he went to the of the mountain in Sinai to receive message from GodD. none of the above4. In the early days of Christianity，it was a religion of____.A. the richB. the poorC. the ruling classD. all people5. Which of the following statements about knighthood is not true?A. A nobleman was bom a knight.B. Knighthood had to be earned.C. One had to be trained in order to become a knight.D. After being dubbed a knight，he had to observe the Code of Chivalry.6. The Inquisition was____.A. a church court set up to try hereticsB.an organization for church investigationC. a court 113 many kingdomsD. the decision-making body of the church7. Art to Michelangelo was a means by which____.A. he expressed his opposition to the despotic ruleB. he made inquiry into the realityC. he expressed his vision of mallD.B and C8. Counter-reformation means the Roman Catholic church____.A. suppressed the Reformation movement by forceB. refused to accept any reformC. reestablished itself as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducing reforms and improvementsD. ganged up with the Spanish monarchy to set up the Inquisition9. Kepler’s contribution to astronomy is____.A. his discovery of the law of inertiaB. his discovery of the Ptolemaic systemC. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motionD. none of the above10. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding，John Locke stated that____.A. all our knowledge sprang from experienceB. knowledge was powerC. everyman was enemy to every manD. the word was made up of simple，active substances11. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was ____.A. the issuance 0f the Declaration of independenceB. the founding of the First RepublicC. the seizure of the BastilleD. the publication of The spirit of the Laws12. V oltaire was noted for his____.A. witB. satireC. passionD.A and B13. In Critique of Pure Reason，Kant argued that ____.A. knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reasonB. creation讨never complete；it is ever going onC. virtue can be sustained without religious beliefD. man’s greatest ills are not natural but are made by man himself14. The Lyrical Ballads was written by ____.A. ShelleyB.Wordsworth and ColeridgeC. Blake and KeatsD. Byron and Shelley15. The line“Beauty is truth，truth beauty”comes from____.A. WordsworthB. ByronC. KeatsD. Blake16. In developing Marxist philosophy, Marx and Engels accepted____ in Germanclassical philosophy.A. Hegel’s dialecticsB. Feuerbach’s metaphysicsC. Feuerbach’s materialismD. A and C17. Balzac’s monumental work was____.A. Divine ComedyB. The Human ComedyC. The Brothers KaramazovD. Les Miserables18 The author of A Doll’s house was____.A.George Bernard ShawB.ChekhovC. Henrik lbsekD. Leo Tolstoy19. Which of the following works was written by William Faulkner?A.The Waste landB. DublinersC. CantosD. The Sound and the Fury20. The poem Howl was written by____.A. Kingsley AmisB. John OsborneC. Allen GinsbergD. Ezra PoundII. In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles，names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or e etc．in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points，1 point each)21. Plato ( ) a. the Society of Jesus22. Dante ( ) b. Socialism：Utopian and Scientific23. Ignatius ( ) c. Dialogues24. Bacon ( ) d. the mazurkas25. Engels ( ) e. The Counterfeiters26. James Joyce ( ) f. Faust27. Shelley ( ) g. the Divine Comedy28.Goethe ( ) h. the Advancement of Learning29.Chopin ( ) i. Ulysses30.Andre Gide ( ) j. Prometheus UnboundIII. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper．(20 points，2 points each)31. What was Aristotle’s answer to man’s aim in li fe?32. Why were clergymen soimportant in the Middle Ages?33. What attempts did the European humanist thinkers and scholars make in theRenaissance period?34. What is Machiavelli called in the West?35. What is the method explained by Descartes in Meditations?36. Which composers in the 18th century were known as the Viennese School?37. Which composer realized the possibility of the clarinet and used it for solo effects?38. What was in common in the themes of the works of Romantic writers?39. What sort of feeling was expressed in the music of Tchaikovsky?40. Which American novelist was noted for his great psychological subtlety and washailed as “the M aster beyond all masters”?IV. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40words．(20 points，5 points each)41. Epicureans42. John Milton43. Beethoven44. The Lost GenerationV. Write between 100～120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper．(10 points)45. What are the impacts of Greek culture?欧洲文化入门试卷2 参考答案I. 1-C 2-C 3-B 4-B 5-A 6-A 7-D 8-C 9-C 10-A11-C 12-D 13-A 14-B 15-C 16-D 17-B 18-C 19-D 20-CII. 21-c 22-g 23-a 24-h 25-b 26-i 27-j 28-f 29-d 30-eIII.31.Happiness was Aristotle’s answer to man’s aim in life.32. Because they were the only teachers，as they were the best-educated men in their day．33. The European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of rising bourgeoisie，to lift the restrictions in a11 areas placed by the Roman church authorities.34. He w as called“Father of political science”．35. The method of Cartesian doubt is explained by Descartes in Meditations.36. Haydn，Mozart and Beethoven were known as the Viennese School.37. Mozart realized the possibilities of the clarinet and used it for solo effects．38. Their works，diversified in character and daring in spirit，all depicted man’s eager search for individual freedom，pure sentiments and ideal beauty．39. Splendour and sadness，and in it one feels the soul of Russia aspiring towards and ideal still hidden in the mists of the future．40. Henry James was noted for his great psychological subtlety and was hailed as“the M aster beyond all masters”．Ⅳ.41. The Epicureans were disciples of Epicurus，who believed pleasure to be thehighest good in life，and pleasure was not sensual enjoyment，but freedom from pain and emotional unheaval. This he thought could be attained by the practice of virtue. His teaching was misunderstood by later people and the word “Epicurean’’ has come to mean indulgence in luxurious living．42. John Milton was born in 1608 and died in 1674，a great part of his life being connected with the English Revolution Young Milton received education at the ST. Paul public school and Cambridge and was trained in several languages，music，art，and science. Major works have Paradise Lost，Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.43. German composer. Technically，he inherited what Haydn and Mozart had skillfully developed in musical composition. His most important contributions to musical world were in those musical forms associated with the growth of the sonata. In Beethoven one can see a progression from the comparatively simple in style and expression to the highly complex．44. This term was used to refer to the young men who Survived the war physically but were afterwards spiritually and morally adrift. Their Ameriean dream was disillusioned. The best representative of the lost generation was Ernest Hemingway．V. 45. a. Spirit of InnovationThey invented mathematics and science and philosophy；they first wrote history as opposed to mere annals t they speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life，without being bound in the fetters of any inherited orthodoxy.b. Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: philosophy，science，epic poetry，tragedy，comedy，lyric poetry，historical writing，architecture，sculpture，etc.c. Lasting EffectThe Greeks set an example by the hold effort they made to understand the world by the use of human reason. The body of ideas the Greek philosophers expressed，and the variety of questions they raised about the nature of the world and of human thought，knowledge and conduct，have had an abiding interest for later generations.。
modeltest用法
BEGIN PAUP;
Lset Base=(0.2789 0.2637 0.2411) Nst=6 Rmat=(2.1562 4.4909 1.9751 1.8702 62557 Pinvar=0.0132;
END;
Begin paup后面的一段命令是在paup中运行，来执行这个模型的命令。
3． 在开始－运行中输入cmd命令，确认，弹出一个dos界面的窗口，将其默认目录改为model.scores文件所在文件夹，修改方式为在dos窗口输入：cd 盘符：\filename\filename，确认，这里我们输入
cd C:\modeltest3.7\” Modeltest3.7 folder” \bin\。带有空格的文件夹名要用双引号括起来。
PAML软件的一些简单的具体的使用操作（转）
2009-08-31 10:45
PAML软件的一些简单的具体的使用操作(2008-11-14 153642)标签：杂谈
1. 首先用Clustal X进行序列比对：要保证：保证核苷酸序列是三的倍数，没有终止密码子，核苷酸序列的第一位是密码子的第一位。假设序列名为cox1.fas
5、然后点击左边的按钮“select file”，找到“model.scores”，之后，点击按钮
“Modeltest！！”，然后就会出现运行结果了。
6、会出现两个运行结果，一个是hLRT得出的结果，另一个是AIC给出的结果。
[!
Likelihood settings from best-fit model (TrN+I+G) selected by hLRT in Modeltest 3.7 on Fri Jul 24 15:23:49 2009
计算不同model下的似然值。如果序列比较多，且长的话，需要计算一阵呢！
Model Test 1(听力任务)
Model Test 1Section ADirection: In this section, you will hear a short conversation and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.A) It is the fist time they have been on a trip. B) They cannot do what they like before.C) They don't have to care about the time. D) They have to travel by schedules now.12.A) The man just makes a joke. B) The man does not like sunbath.C) The woman is going to learn swimming. D) The woman has no idea how to swim.13.A) The department store. B) The museum. C) The cinema. D) The library.14.A) The woman has to wake the man at 7 o'clock.B) The woman is not willing to wake the man.C) The man has to wake the woman at 7 o'clock.D) The man has to get up at 10 o'clock.15.A) Bus driver and passenger. B) Taxi driver and passenger.C) Teacher and student. D) Fellow students.16.A) It's not as hard as expected. B) It's too tough for some students.C) It's much more difficult than people think.D) It's believed to be the hardest optional course.17.A) 3. B) 4. C) 5 D) 618.A) He played his part quite well. B) He was not dramatic enough.C) He performed better than the secretary. D) He exaggerated his part.Conversation One19.A) Freshman. B) Sophomore. C) Junior. D) Senior.20.A) She wanted Dr. Tyler to sigh on her schedule card.B) She wanted Dr. Tyler to determine the number and variety of the courses she would take.C) She wanted to talk to Dr. Tyler about the modern American novel.D) She wanted to explain why she dropped the chemistry course.21.A) If his seminar on the modern American novel is welcomed.B) If he signs his name, Jenny won't work hard as ever.C) If Jenny can take two seminars in a semester.D) If six courses might be too much for Jenny.22.A) Calculus. B) Modern peotry. C) Chemistry. D) Introductory economics. Conversation Two23.A) He wants to get his money back.B) He wants to exchange the sweater for another one.C) He wants the clerk to help him read Chinese instructions on the sweater.D) He wants to see why the color of the sweater changed.24.A) It is the wrong size. B) The fabric is coming apart.C) It is stained. D) It shrinks a lot.25.A) The customer didn't follow the instructions for using the item.B) The sweater was out of stock.C) The man no longer has the store receipt.D) The man isn't a VIP.Section BDirection: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One26.A) High expectations. B) Opposite characters.C) Showing satisfaction. D) Forgiving and communicating.27.A) 80. B) 82. C) 160. D) 164.28.A) People should aim high to ensure they are active in maintaining a happy marriage.B) The couple's relationship skills are important to their marriage.C) People tend to select partners with different characters in marriage.D) Partners who have the same characters will lead to a dull relationship.Passage Two29.A) How to improve your reasoning ability.B) Why classical music is popular with math students.C) The difference between classical music and rock music.D) The effects of music on the results of math tests.30.A) Because it keeps you calm.B) Because it strengthens your memory.C) Because it stimulates your nerve activity.D) Because it improves your problem-solving strategies.31.A) The effects of music do not last long.B) Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.C) Music, whether classical or rock, helps improve your memory.D) The more you listen to music, the higher your test scores will be.Passage Three32.A) Because there are no signs to direct them.B) Because no tour guides are available.C) Because all the buildings in the city look alike.D) Because the university is everywhere in the city.33.A) They set their own exams. B) They select their own students.C) They award their own degrees. D) They organize their own laboratory work.34.A) Most of them have a long history.B) Many of them are specialized libraries.C) They house more books than any other university library.D) They each have a copy of every book published in Britain.35.A) Very few of them are engaged in research. B) They were not awarded degrees until 1948.C) They have outnumbered male students. D) They were not treated equally until 1881.Section CDirection: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Academy Award nominees (被提名的人）who go home (36) ________ may not have a shiny Oscar to show off, but they may turn out to be the bigger winners in the game of life. According to a study published in British Medical Journal, Oscar-winning screenwriters are more successful, more (37) ________ and more (38) ________ than losing nominees, however, they die sooner by about four years."Because success is usually linked to better (39) ________, this is the first (40) ________ that success is not associated with (41) ________ longevity." Says Donald Redelmeier, lead author of the study. Research tracked down (42) ________ about every person who was ever nominated for an Oscar since the (43) ________ were first handed out 73 years ago.(44)______________________________________________________________________. The first is the "work-to-death hypothesis（假设）". According to Redelmeir, screenwriters are more apt to lead unhealthy lifestyle, (45) _____________________________________________.Screenwriters don't have a boss to report to, which brings into account REdelmeier's second explanation, the "party-hearty hypothesis." "When you become a successful screenwriter, you again status without daily accountability(生计), (46) __________________________________." He says.Model Test 2Section ADirection: In this section, you will hear a short conversation and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.A) The man should first sign a one-year lease. B) The man can move in a week later.C) The man should paint the whole thing. D) The man cannot take the apartment.12.A) She agrees with the man. B) She doesn't want to go out.C) She would rather go swimming. D) She doesn't think it is a fine day.13.A) Next Sunday night, 7:30 p.m. B) Next Saturday night, 7:00 p.m.C) Next Saturday night, 7:30 p.m. D) Next Sunday night, 7:00 p.m.14.A) He does not want to buy clothes. B) He is not afraid to take a risk.C) His mother does not like receiving clothes. D) His mother likes delicious food very much.15.A) To a lamp store. B) To a hardware store. C) To the electric shop. D) To a bookstore.16.A) Take the GRE test again in 8 weeks. B) Call to check his scores.C) Be patient and wait. D) Inquire when the test scores are released.17.A) Their new classmate. B) Their new colleague. C) A reporter. D) Their new teacher.18.A) She read it selectively. B) She went it over chapter by chapter.C) She read it slowly. D) She finished it at a stretch. Conversation One19.A) She is environmentally-concerned. B) She wants to save money.C) Her car is being repaired in the shop. D) She wants to see the man on the bus.20.A) Diana believes the air is not likely to be cleaner.B) Diana thinks the diesel(柴油机) bus is free of pollution now.C) Diana has taken a class on environmental engineering.D) Diana sounds pessimistic about the future of the insulator(绝热器).21.A) It makes the fuel burn more efficiently. B) It helps release more unburned fuel.C) It is easy to install. D) It is very cheap.22.A) Lowering transportation fees. B) The environmental engineering class.C) The man's car in the shop. D) Better environment.Conversation Two23.A) The hotel confused him with another guest.B) Rooms are overbooked for that evening.C) There are no more rooms available for five people.D) All the rooms available are under renovation.24.A) There was a marathon going on. B) Almost all the hotels were being renovated.C) There was a conference going on. D) The hotel was overbooked two months ago.25.A) A honeymoon suite for $250 for the night and free breakfast of Chinese style.B) A honeymoon suite for $225 for the night and free breakfast of western style.C) A honeymoon suite for $200 for the night and free breakfast of Chinese style.D) A honeymoon suite for $200 for the night and free breakfast of western style.Section BDirection: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One26.A) Watching TV can cause physical diseases.B) TV places the viewer in a completely passive position.C) People are too dependent on TV.D) The quality of some TV programs is poor.27.A) Television has more advantages than disadvantages.B) Television has more disadvantages than advantages.C) It is no use watching TV.D) Television in itself is neither good nor bad.28.A) How much a TV set costs. B) The quality of TV programs.C) How people put it to use. D) The number of people watching TV. Passage Two29.A) He wanted to remain popular with the audience.B) He wished to give more performances.C) He didn't trust others.D) He was extremely anxious about its negative effect.30.A) He was refused to give performances in 1804.B) He was not able to compose in 1804.C) He was becoming very difficult to be with in 1804.D) He attempted to kill himself in 1804.31.A) He didn't kill himself because of his friends. B) He remained single all his life.C) He was always not easy to be with. D) He had few friends in his life. Passage Three32.A) About 1920. B) Around 1925. C) Around 1930. D) About 1935.33.A) Over 16 million. B) Over 3.5 million. C) Over 1 million. D) Over 2.5 million.34.A) Corn. B) Soybean. C) Oat. D) Rye.35.A) Corn. B) Soybean. C) Oat. D) Rye.Section CDirection: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.It's difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It's so vast, so deep, so (36)________. Unfortunately, it's not bottomless. Over-fishing, (37) ________ with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (38) ________ their environment.Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermen's (39) ________ of living. At least 60 (40) ________ of the world's commercially important fish (41) ________ are already over-fished, or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.Big, high-tech fleets (42) ________ that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That's an (43) ________ of more than 20 million metric tons every year.(44)______________________________________________________________________.In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns(对虾) caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.True, (45) ____________________________________________________________ before every ocean becomes a dead sea.(46)__________________________________________________________________, then catch them in a way that doesn't kill other innocent sea life.。
Model Test 1-6参考答案
Model Test 1参考答案Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. D2. A3. C4. D5. D6. C7. C8. Richard I, Henry VIII and Queen Victoria9. there are few renowned British composers10. from a weekend to three or four weeksPart Ⅲ Listening Comprehension11.C12. A13.B 14.A15.D16.D17.C 18.B 19. A20. C21. B 22. D23. B24. A25. A26. C27. A28. A 29. B30. B31. C32. D 33. C34. B35. B36. situation37. opinions38. trial 39. methods 40. stages41. recognize42. broken43. define44. he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame45. Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions46. After studying the problem, he should have several suggestions for a possible solutionPart IV Reading Comprehension47. C 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. B 56. D57. A 58. D 59. C 60. B 61. APart V Cloze62. 答案D 解析：上文提及上流社会，分为“上流中的上层，上流中的下层”，接着讲到上流中的上层包括哪些人。
Model Test 答案 (5)
参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension(每题1分)Section A 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5.BSection B 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. DSection C11. production 12. The factory 13. ten 14. safety glasses 15. Smoking Part II StructureSection A (每题0.5分)16. A 17. D 18. D 19.A 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. B Section B(每题1分)26. to make 27. putting 28. easier 29. will be discussed30. occasionally 31.advanced 32. correctingplaint 34. interviewed 35. broughtPart III Reading ComprehensionTask 1 (每题2分) 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. D 40. ATask 2 (每题2分) 41. C 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. BTask 3(每题1分)46. fastened 47.on the ground 48. during the flight49. video programs 50. Northern ChinaTask 4 (每题1分)51.A. J 52. I, B 53.E, P 54. D, O 55. F, QTask 5(每题1分)56. after-sales manager 57. a lawyer 58. Employment Service Office 59. 1 June,2009 60.automatically withdrawnPart IV Translation --- English into Chinese (20分)65.感谢您，布莱克先生。
model test 2 答案
model test 2 答案－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－Model Test 2PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. 参考答案：DTIP：在“It is/was/will be the first time + that分句”结构中，当主句动词为is/will be时，that 分句动词一律用现在完成时，引导词that可以省略。
当主句动词为was时，that分句动词通常用过去完成时。
52. 参考答案：BTIP：fast强调速度快，且保持不变，又指钟表的时间超过准确的时间；hasty指匆忙、急促，涉及因此而引起的慌乱、疏漏；quick强调动作、行为发生得突然且持续时间短；rapid指就整个过程来讲速度快，但并不一定指这一过程的速度始终均匀不变。
原句意为“别匆忙下结论”，故答案选B。
53. 参考答案：BTIP：该题考点为集体名词作主语时的主谓一致，如主语是由“a committee of / a panel of / a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。
计划要做还没有做的事用“to+不定式”的结构。
54. 参考答案：CTIP：used to表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。
其在肯定疑问句中可有两种形式：“Used you to ...?”或者“Did you use to ...?”，故答案选C。
55.参考答案：CTIP：在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面应用关系代词that，故答案选C。
56. 参考答案：ATIP：由if only 引导的句子习惯上要用虚拟语气——与过去事实相反则谓语动词用had done；与现在事实相反谓语动词用did。
57. 参考答案：BTIP：考查“more ... than ...”表示“不是……而是”、“更像……而不像”、“与其……不如”的用法。
英语四级真题 Model Test Two
英语四级真题 Model Test Two○20应日1班○20应日2班○20应日3班○20应西1班○20应西2班○20应西3班○20应法1班○20应法2班完整15位学号 [填空题] *1. （） [单选题] *A) Wait for the hurricane to stop.(正确答案)B) Call 911 at once for help.C) Leave their homes immediately.D) Tun to social media websites for help.2. （） [单选题] *A) Their colleagues.B) Their neighbors.C) Local fire department.D) A restaurant where they often had dinner.(正确答案)3. （） [单选题] *A) A piece of multi-use furniture for kids.B) A camera for watching children in another room.C) A young boy's daily life with his twin brother.D) A young boy rescuing his brother trapped under a dresser.(正确答案)4. （） [单选题] *A) Playing with a new camera.B) Trying to move a dresser.C)Trying to climb to the top of a dresser.(正确答案)D) Climbing the wall in their bedroom.5.（） [单选题] *A) Icebergs float through these waters between May and July.(正确答案)B) Its fresh water comes from melting icebergs.C) People can see icebergs from the coast.D) There is a huge iceberg sitting on the coast.6. （） [单选题] *A) It has a population of 5 ,000 people.B) Its pillar industry is tourism.C) Its residents are good at fishing.(正确答案)D) It has only one small inn.7. （） [单选题] *A) It will melt within 10 days.B) It will be pushed into the sea by ocean currents.(正确答案)C) It will be used as the background of films.D) It will be pushed into the sea by local residents.8.（） [单选题] *A) A single room.B) A double room.(正确答案)C) A family room.D) A suite.9. （） [单选题] *A) He is here on a research mission.B) He is here to meet his friends.C) He is here for sightseeing.D) He is here on business.(正确答案)10. （） [单选题] *A) Free airport shuttle service.(正确答案)B) A full continental buffet every evening.C) Use of the mini-bar in the room.D) Room service provided by the hotel.11. （） [单选题] *A) Any time.B) In the afternoon.C) At noon.(正确答案)D) Before midnight.12. （） [单选题] *A) A lighting cameraman.B) A movie maker.C) A film and video editor.(正确答案)D) A film director.13. （） [单选题] *A) Wonderful.(正确答案)B) Challenging.C) Frustrating.D) Difficult.14.（） [单选题] *A) There are no office hour limits.B) Employees are reluctant to work overtime.C) Employees work more than 16 hours a day.D) Working long hours is very common.(正确答案)15.（） [单选题] *A) They are much more effective.B) They are socially great.(正确答案)C) They are sometimes annoying.D) They are not so common.16. （） [单选题] *A) Cars and iron ore.B) Iron ore and people.(正确答案)C) Animals and iron ore.D) People and animals.17. （） [单选题] *A) It includes three infrastructure companies.B) It has 24 operators to run the services.C) It has no state-owned companies.D) It is a highly complex system.(正确答案)18. （） [单选题] *A) He thinks British trains are the most punctual in the world.B) He never complains to the Rail Passenger Council.C) He constantly encounters the poor train service.(正确答案)D) He seldom takes a train when going out.19. （） [单选题] *A) The trifles of daily life.(正确答案)B) The basics of relationships.C) The standards of relationships.D) The feelings of romantic gestures.20.（） [单选题] *A) It needs something special.B) It is highly demanding.(正确答案)C) It is the source of happiness.D) It doesn't exist in real life.21. （） [单选题] *A) There are many ups and downs in life.B) It is hard to find a romantic relationship.C) People tend to think highly of themselves.D) People have easy access to meeting strangers.(正确答案)22. （） [单选题] *A) They are liable to attack.(正确答案)B) They like to smell people.C) They are as smart as cats.D) They are independent.23. （） [单选题] *A) Strong.B) Quiet.C) Neat.D) Loyal.(正确答案)24. （） [单选题] *A) They can be trained to deliver things.B) They can be put to use as guide dogs.C) They can be used to work as police dogs.(正确答案)D) They can be trained to help the disabled.25. （） [单选题] *A) Evaluating dogs' reaction to different cancers.B) Using dogs to discover early stage cancer,(正确答案)C) Examining dogs' highly sophisticated sensor.D) Investigating the functions of dogs' noses.。
TGMD_2
Test of Gross Motor DevelopmentTGMD-2By Dale A. UlrichObject ControlTotal for Object Control ________________的建筑汽车发展TGMD-2测试由Dale A.乌尔里希自发总分的运动能力___________________TGMD-2 Scoring Guide:Perform test: Do 1 practice, make corrections, then do 2 trials.➢Score each trial. If the performance criterion is performed, the child gets a 1; if not performed, they get a 0 (no partial marks)Add each trial’s score to get a criterion scoreAdd criterion scores to get a skill scoreAdd skill scores in each subtest to get a subtest raw scoreConvert subtest raw scores into subtest standard scores and subtest percentiles using Tables B.1-3.Convert sums of subtest standard scores into gross motor quotient and percentile rank usingTable C.1Convert raw scores into age equivalents using Table D.1 if you wish.Evaluation: Descriptive ratings are given for the Subtest Standard Scores and the Gross Motor Quotient (See Table 3.2). The percentiles can be determined by using Table C.1 in Appendix C.Summary:Descriptive rating GMQ standard score Percentile scoreVery Superior >130 99thSuperior 121-130 92-98thAbove Average 111-120 76-91stAverage 90-110 25-75thBelow average 80-89 10-24thPoor 70-79 2-8thVery poor <70 <1st•These descriptors are directly from the manual- use your discretion to alter terms as you see fit:•Suggestion:o Standard score of 76 – 85: 5th to 16th percentile: below averageo Standard score of less than 76: less than 5th percentile: well below averageTEST OF GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT – 2Author: Dale A. Ulrich______________________________________________________________PURPOSE:The Test of Gross Motor Development –2 (TGMD-2) is a standardized test that measures gross motor abilities that develop early in life.The test is used to:a) identify children who are significantly behind their peers in gross motor skill development,b) plan an instructional program in gross motor skill development,c) assess individual progress in gross motor skill development,d) evaluate the success of the gross motor program, ande) serve as a measurement instrument in research involving gross motor development.POPULATION:The TGMD-2 is designed to assess the gross motor functioning in children aged 3 through 10 years.TEST MATERIAL:The TGMD-2 test kit includes the Examiner’s Manual and a supply of Profile/Examiner Record Forms. The manipulatives used in the administration of the test need to be supplied by the examiner and consist of materials commonly found in schools and gyms and are available for purchase commercially. The list of equipment needed is as follows: •8”-10” playground ball•4” lightweight ball•basketball•tennis ball•soccer ball•softball•4’-5’ square beanbag•tape(plastic electrical)• 2 traffic cones•plastic bat•batting tee* All of the above equipment has been put together into a kit on wheels at QACCHTIME TO ADMINISTER:The test takes 15-20 minutes to administer per child. Set up and clean-up may take an additional 10 minutes. There is some measuring of distances. To avoid delays and reduce time spent retrieving balls the examiner should gather several balls to use and move the student through the test items quickly. Usually only one session is required to get through the test, but to provide favourable circumstances so that the evaluation is optimal, several sessions may be needed for certain children.TEST COMPONENTS:The TGMD-2 looks at 12 gross motor skills divided into two subtests: 1) Locomotor (run, hop, gallop, leap, horizontal jump, and slide)2) Object Control (ball skills such as striking a stationary ball, stationary dribble, catch, kick,overhand throw, and underhand roll).ADMINISTRATION:If the examiner does not wish to compare student test scores with normative data then the instructions, procedures and performance criteria can be adapted to meet the unique needs of the child.If the results are to be compared to peers in the normative sample then standardized procedures need tobe followed. The following requirements are standard for administering the test most reliably:1.Prior to testing, fill in the Profile/Examiner Record Form and review all the performancecriteria for each skill.2.Give an accurate demonstration and verbal description of the skill prior to it being performed.3.Provide a practice trial to assure that the child understands what to do.4.Provide an additional demonstration when the child does not appear to understand the task.5.Administer two test trials and score each performance criterion on each trial.Space Considerations: In planning the work space for this test, one will need to ensure that there is clear space measuring at least 60feet x 30feet, and one wall at which a ball can be thrown or kicked.Follow the instructions provided on the record form or use the illustrated instructions from the manual (see Appendix A). The performance criteria provide analysis of the quality and maturity of movement. The examiner needs to be very familiar with these ahead of time and be a keen observer as the child is given only two trials and usually the action is only performed once.Scoring: The child is given 1 for a pass, 0 for a failed attempt. There are no partial marks. Add the two trials together to get the total Score for each performance criteria. Add the total scores for each criteria to get the Skill Score. At the end of each Subtest (Locomotor and Object Control) add up the 6 skill scores to get the Subtest Raw Score. High scores indicate better performance than low scores.•Record the Scores in Section II on the front page of the record form.•Convert the raw scores to standard scores using Appendix B(p.53-56).•Add the Standard scores for the two subtests.•Now, refer to Appendix C (p.58) to convert Subtest Standard Totals to the Gross Motor Quotient and Percentile. The Gross Motor Quotient is the most useful value obtained from the TGMD-2because it reflects the basic constructs built into the test, is highly reliable and is a composite of both subtests. It is the best estimate of an individual’s current gross motor development. High scoresindicate well developed locomotor and object control skills. Low scores indicate weak locomotorand object control skills.•See Appendix D to determine Age Equivalents (these values should be interpreted with caution.Evaluation: Descriptive ratings are given for the Subtest Standard Scores and the Gross Motor Quotient (SeeTable 3.2). The percentiles can be determined by using Table C.1 in Appendix C.Summary:Descriptive rating GMQ standard score Percentile scoreVery Superior >130 99thSuperior 121-130 92-98thAbove Average 111-120 76-91stAverage 90-110 25-75thBelow average 80-89 10-24thPoor 70-79 2-8thVery poor <70 <1stSTRENGTHS:•Test items are familiar activities and easy to explain•Short time to administer (15-20 min.)•Materials are commonly available in schools or child development centres and are inexpensive to purchase•Detailed performance criteria increase reliability when scoring•Each skill component is analyzed which can pinpoint areas in need of intervention•User friendly illustrated guide for administration found in Appendix A•Test items are a good composite of gross motor skillsLIMITATIONS:•Needs a lot of room and a wall•Test reliability – even at a coefficient of .95 there is still a 15% error built in.•Need to be cautious about making a judgement solely on the test results as they do not tell the whole story of why a child performed at that level on that particular day in that situation. There are other factors to consider such as poor motivation, inexperience, developmental disability etc.STANDARDIZATION:The TGMD-2 was normed on a sample of 1,208 persons in 10 states in the U.S. The demographics of the sample were representative of the entire school age population of the U.S. (including age,gender, region, race, rural vs. urban, parental education and disability).V ALIDITY:The validity of a test refers to the degree to which theory and evidence support the stated aims of the test. The TGMD-2 has proven that it is reliable in three areas:•Content-Description Validity- Three content experts judged unanimously that the specific gross motor skills selected were representative of the gross motor skills domain and are frequentlytaught to this age group. Conventional item analysis using the item discrimination index alsodetermined that the items of the TGMD-2 were “good” in that they satisfied the itemdiscrimination and item difficulty criteria.•Criterion-Prediction Validity- This would indicate the effectiveness of a test in predicting and individual’s performance in specific activities. A valid test wo uld also correlate well with othertests of similar abilities ( eg. gross motor development). The moderate to strong correlationbetween the TGMD-2 subtests and criterion variable (the Basic Motor Generalizations subtest of the Comprehensive Scales of Student Abilities (CSSA)) support the criterion-prediction validityof the test.•Construct-Identification Validity- This relates to the degree to which the underlying traits of a test can be identified and the extent to which these traits reflect the theoretical model on which thetest is based. Five basic constructs thought to underlie the TGMD-2 were tested: Agedifferentiation, Group differentiation, Item validity, Subtest correlations, and Factor analysis. Test results supported the TGMD-2’s construct-identification validity in all 5 constructs. (See Chapter6 for details)RELIABILITY:The study of a test’s reliability centres on estimating the amount of error associated with its scores. The error variance is reported in terms of a reliability coefficient which in order to be considered reliable should reach at least .70, preferably .90 or above.Three sources of error variance were analyzed in relation to the TGMD-2 subtest and quotient scores; these were content sampling, time sampling, and interscorer differences.•Content Sampling- measures homogeneity of the test items. The more items relate to each other the more reliable they are in testing a particular ability. All but one of the coefficients for theTGMD-2 subtests exceed .80 and the coefficients for the quotients reach or exceed .87. Thus theTGMD-2 is found to be reliable across all demographic subgroups and shows no bias relative tothose groups.•Time Sampling- This looks at the extent to which a child’s performance is constant over time and is estimated using the test-retest method. The coefficients reach or exceed .88 which shows thatthe TGMD-2 scores are stable over time.•Interscorer Differences- The TGMD-2 was found to have a coefficient of .98 for test scorer reliability.In summary, the TGMD-2 evidences a high degree of reliability, possesses little test error and can be used with confidence.大肌肉动作发展测试- 2作者：戴尔·乌尔里希______________________________________________________________目的：建筑汽车发展- 2（TGMD-2）的测试是一个标准化的测试，测量在生命早期的粗大运动能力的发展。
专四真题华研外语Model test 1讲解
Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they?
3.陈述部分为There + be +主语时，问句部分用 动词+ there?形式。
There are two cakes on the plate,
bridge between life and death
• Still, others see the rainbow as a sign of good things to come.
Dictation The first step : Memorizing the main idea.(The first reading)
AC表示能力， D表示允许
3. My brother met her at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so she ______your lecture.
A. mustn’t have attend B. needn’t have attend. C. shouldn’t have attend. D. couldn’t have attend.
sun
• Rainbow hold a an important place in the traditional stories and beliefs
• that make up many cultures • For example, some culture say the rainbow represents a
1. 陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。
3GPP 5G基站(BS)R16版本一致性测试英文原版(3GPP TS 38.141-1)
4.2.2
BS type 1-H.................................................................................................................................................. 26
4.3
Base station classes............................................................................................................................................27
1 Scope.......................................................................................................................................................13
All rights reserved. UMTS™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its members 3GPP™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners GSM® and the GSM logo are registered and owned by the GSM Association
大学英语四级---听力专项(Model Test 2)
2012年12月英语四级听力 专项Model Test 2Listening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)、B ）、C ）and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Fifteen minutes.B) Half an hour.C) Forty-five minutes.D) Twenty minutes.12. A) 3 blocks ahead.B) On the 3rd Avenue.C) On the 5th Street.D) On the 15th Street.13. A) 20 people.B) 15 people.C) 30 people.D) 25 people.14. A) She cannot go with the man to Smithville.B) There is a new art supply store downtown.C) The store went out of business.D) The store’s location has changed.15. A) In an office.B) In a department store.C) In an airport.D) In a travel agency.16. A) Someone else told him Fred had called.B) It wasn’t really Fred who called.C) The man looked for Fred at the gym.D) Fred probably borrowed someone else’s sleeping bag.17. A) Seven dollars.B) Five dollars.C) Three dollars.D) Two dollars.18. A) She thinks the man is a good soccer player.B) She wants to watch her sister play.C) She knows the man’s sister.D) She isn’t interested in soccer.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Washington.B) Maryland.C) New York. D.D) D. Portland.20. A) Forty-five minutes in the morning.B) Fifty minutes in the evening.C) Twenty minutes if driving a car in the morning.D) Fifteen minutes in the evening.21. A) The man likes to drive to work.B) The woman drives to work everyday.C) The speakers are on holiday.D) The woman feels bored with the journey.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Why the man must take a science course.B) Which science teachers are the best.C) Which science course the man should take.D) Which science courses the woman has taken.23. A) Geology.B) Chemistry.C) Physics.D) Math.24. A) He has heard the teacher is poor.B) It won’t fit his schedule.C) He did badly in it in high school.D) The labs are too time-consuming.25. A) Astronomy.B) Physics.C) Chemistry.D) Biology.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Find out what caused the tides.B) Study the nature of light.C) Invent the first telescope.D) Develop the calculus.27. A) He became bottom of his class.B) He laughed at that boy.C) He became angry and fought back.D) He believed he was lazy and stupid.28. A) Wools Thorpe University.B) Grantham University.C) Cambridge University.D) Oxford University.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based as the passage you have just heard.29. A) England.B) Egypt.C) Japan.D) Spain.30. A) Irving was a British man.B) Irving’s background provides much to explain his literary achievements.C) Irving’s works were only received e nthusiastically in England.D) In England he was granted an honorary degree from Oxford.31. A) He only began to practice law late in his life.B) He spent very little time working as a lawyer.C) He never practiced law although he studies it.D) He worked as a lawyer with great enthusiasm.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Nuts.B) Roots.C) Grass.D) Dead animals.33. A) In the eighteenth century.B) In the nineteenth century.C) In the thirteenth century.D) In the fourteenth century.34. A) They were taller.B) They had shorter noses.C) They had stronger legs.D) They were heavier.35. A) There was no suitable food for them on most farms.B) They could find food themselves well enough in forest.C) It was difficult to develop improved types of pig.D) They did not grow well when kept indoors.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.How many of you drink Cola? Nearly everybody. Did you know that Cola started out not as a soft drink but as a (36) for headache in the late 1800s? John S. Pamberton, a druggist from Atlanta, had experimented for many months trying to find a cure for the (37) headache. He worked in his (38) , mixing and heating different mixture of oils and flavors until he found one that seemed to work well. Pamberton bottled the (39) and began selling it in drugstores as concentrated syrup that the (40) had to mix with water before drinking. Cola’s transformation from a (41)syrup to a carbonated soft drink came about quite by (42) . One day, a customer came into a drugstore complaining of a (43) and asked for a bottle of Cola syrup. He wanted to take it right away. So (44) .The clerk, instead of walking to the other end of the store to get water, suggested mixing the syrup with soda water. (45).The clerk continued offering the mixture and carbonates cola grew in popularity. Today, (46).And although they no longer contain the ingredients used to cure headaches, they are still very refreshing.。
MODEL TEST
Model Test One65.“假日阳光大酒店”的持卡人自动成为酒店预订网络的注册会员。
他们可以享用各成员酒店提供的服务。
我们鼓励持卡人尽量多地使用会员卡。
当持卡人的积分达到一定数量时，他们将获得奖励。
在你入住酒店之前，请务必事先预订房间，这样当您退房时则只需按会员价格付款。
Part V Writing范文：QUESTIONNAIRETo improve the qualit y of our service, we would be grateful if you’d complete the following questionnaire.Name: Wang Ming Nationality: Chinese Room number: 3002 Check-in Date: June 10th, 2005 Check-out Date: June 20th, 2005Did you receive polite and efficient service when you arrived? (Y es)Are you satisfied with the room service of our hotel? Y esWhat’s your opinion of our health facilities? (Good)Please give your impression of our restaurant service. Overall goodHave you any other comments to help us make your stay more enjoyable?I am satisfied with the overall service of the restaurant.There are two suggestions. First of all, since the hotel is located on the seashore, the traffic is not convenient and commercial facilities around are less than satisfied. It is advisable to offer free shuttle buses for us passengers who came to the seashore to spend their holidays going to urban area and buying the necessary goods. Second, car-renting service is preferred, which can be realized if the hotel contacts the related companies.Baiyun HotelGeneral Manager Model Test Two65.我们写这封信的目的是想告诉您，到目前为止，我们5月25日的订单还没有到货。
大学英语四级考试modeltesttwo
大学英语四级考试Model Test TwoPart ⅠWritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Should Parents Be Responsible for Children's Crimes? You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:1．青少年犯罪成为社会焦点，父母应该负责；2．父母应该负责的原因。
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Robot Cars to Do Battle in Desert Race When 15 competitors lined up in Nevada last year for the U.S. Defense Department's first million-dollar robot race, hopes were high. The challenge: to drive a vehicle without a human driver or remote control some 150 miles (241 kilometers) through the Mojave Desert.But those hopes quickly went up in a cloud of dust as most robots barely managed to get off the starting line. The best performer, a modified Humvee built by engineers at Pennsylvania's Carnegie Mellon University, traveled 7 miles (11 kilometers) before breaking down.To robot devotees (热爱者), however, it was a minor hiccup.No surprise, then, that 43 teams showed up to try out for this year's race, dubbed (被称作) the Grand Challenge. For the past week, teams ranging from garage enthusiasts to well-funded university engineers have been fine-tuning their machines at qualifying rounds here at the California Speedway in Fontana, California. (Watch the robots in action in our exclusive video.)Twenty-three finalists were announced Thursday for Saturday's Grand Challenge. The 175-mile (282-kilometer) course starts and finishes in Primm, Nevada.The race promises to be even tougher than last year's run. But 18 months is an eternity in the robotics world, and the technology has vastly improved.Organizers believe several teams have a real shot of finishing the race in less than ten hours to earn the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars."When the first team out of the Chute (斜道)--Mojavaton, a small team out of Colorado--made it successfully around the 2.2-mile (3.5-kilometer) qualification course, I knew right there and then that we had something special," said Ron Kurjanowicz, the chief of staff for the Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which is sponsoring the race.Unknown CourseThe aim of the Grand Challenge, Defense Department! officials say, is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles that can operate in dangerous environments, such as war zones, keeping soldiers out of harm's way.A U.S. Congress mandate (训令) requires that one-third of military ground vehicles drive themselves by 2015, but the technology to meet that mandate does not yet exist.So the government looked to enterprising teams to develop the technology for driverless vehicles, sweeteningNone of the 23 teams knows what lies ahead for this year's race. DARPA won't reveal the exact route until two hours before the start of the race on Saturday.But the obstacles on the Fontana qualification course--including a steel-enforced tunnel that wipes out a vehicle's global positioning system--are made to resemble the rugged, real-life conditions that the vehicles will have to navigate.The vehicles use sensors such as lasers, cameras, and radar to help them avoid obstacles such as rocks and cliffs. The computer's brain has to figure out how to resolve unexpected conflicts, like a boulder sitting in the middle of the road."Think about all the decisions that you and I have to make when we drive from our house to the store," Kurjanowicz said. "These vehicles have to do the same thing, without a driver."Among the top contenders in Saturday's race is TerraMax, a massive truck originally built by the Wisconsin-based Oshkosh Truck Corporation for the U.S. Marine Corps.In last year's race, TerraMax managed to go only 1.2 miles (2 kilometers). Team leader Gary Schmiedel expects to do much better this year. He pointed to the new all-wheel steering feature on the truck as an important addition."We can move this large, 15-ton (13.5-metric ton) payload vehicle in a turn that's equivalent to that of a Humvee," he said.GhostriderThe resources of teams like TerraMax or Carnegie Mellon University, which has two vehicles in the race this year, are a far cry from those of some of the other competitors, including inventors, electricians, and even a high school team.One entry, from a Southern California team of engineers, racers, and hot-rodders, is called It Came From the Garage. It has a beer keg (小桶) stuck on the back and an on-offswitch that says "brain.""Most of the schools and organizations we're up against are just accessorizing conventional vehicles," said team leader Chris "C.J." Pedersen, a former actor. "Our vehicle is a custom-built, 21st-century hot plete with hood scoop and exhaust coming off the side."Anthony Levandowski, a robotics builder from Berkeley, California, is back with Ghostrider, the only motorcycle robot in the qualifications. Studded with sensors and computers, it toppled (翻倒) over after 3 feet (1 meter) in last year's race.Levandowski, who had to postpone his graduate studies when he couldn't find a faculty advisor who believed it would be possible to build the motorcycle robot, says his vehicle has some distinct advantages."We're smaller and go a lot more places," he said while tinkering with the robot before another trial run. "We're also a lot less expensive. This bike costs as much as a tire or a wheel of some of these other guys' machines."Smart MoneyNeither Ghostrider nor It Came From the Garage made the final cut at this week's qualifying races.However, another crowd-pleaser, Cajunbot--or the Ragin' Cajun--a converted all-terrain vehicle developed by a team from the University of Louisiana in Lafayette, did.The smart money in Saturday's race may be on Stanley, a converted V olkswagen Touareg made by a team at California's Stanford University. It was the only vehicle that didn't hit an obstacle in the trial runs.Even if none of the vehicles finishes the race this year, DARPA's Kurjanowicz said, the event has succeeded in galvanizing robotics developers and pushing the creation of new technologies."The beauty of the Grand Challenge is that it doesn't tell people how to solve the problem," he said. "The community has come up with its own elegant solutions."1. The passage mainly describes the advantages and disadvantages of robot car races.3. It is a surprise that up to 43 teams came for this year's race called the Grand Challenge.4. The Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is sponsoring the race.5. The aim of the Grand Challenge is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles.6. Ghostrider and It Came From the Garage both made the final cut at this week's qualifying races.7. TerraMax will finish the race and win the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.8. The obstacles on the Fontana qualification course are made to resemble the ______ .9. The only motorcycle robot in the qualifications is ______ .10. The only vehicle that didn't hit an obstacle in the trial runs is ______ .Part ⅢListening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear B short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. [A] He'll be speaking at the end of the meeting.[B] He was supposed to speak last night instead.[C] He suddenly decided not to speak.[D] He already spoke very briefly tonight.12. [A] It's too high.[B] It's acceptable.[C] It's cheap indeed.[D] The woman should have bargained for it.13. [A] At two o'clock.[B] At three o'clock.[C] At four o'clock.[D] At five o'clock.14. [A] Shop assistant and customer.[B] Post clerk and customer.[C] Store keeper and customer.[D] Waitress and customer.15. [A] His girlfriend complained of his going to the party without her.[B] He was together with his girlfriend yesterday.[C] He has been busy dating his girlfriend these days.[D] He brought his girlfriend to the party.16. [A] She regretted having bought the second-hand car.[B] It is unnecessary to rent another house.[C] They should sell their second-hand car and buy a new one.[D] They can afford a second-hand car.17. [A] She loves the film too.[B] She doesn't think much of the film.[C] She asks the man to repeat his words.[D] Ifs not as good as she expected.18. [A] Go out with his wife.[C] Stay at home with his wife.[D] Go out with his boss.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] It's hereditary.[B] The shampoo he used caused it[C] He combs his hair too much.[D] He is old enough to lose hair.20. [A] Use some special shampoo.[B] Wear a wig.[C] Don't try to comb hair over the bald or thin patch.[D] Go to the doctor for advice.21. [A] Over the radio.[B] At a doctor's office.[C] At the man's house.[D] At a drug store.22. [A] It suits him.[B] It looks ridiculous.[C] It looks old.[D] It's getting worse.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Once a week.[B] Three every month.[C] Five every month.[D] Two every month.24. [A] When there are more than twelve people.[B] When there are five people.[C] When there are fifteen people.[D] When there are more than fifteen people.25. [A] Call the office.[B] Sign your name on the notice board in advance.[C] Pay the money.[D] There is no need to reserve a place.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Because it isn't closed.[B] Because the students have to pass all examinations before entering it.[C] Because there is no examination before they are accepted as students.[D] Because its door is open.27. [A] At the airport.[B] By plane.[D] On radio and TV.28. [A] Four.[B] Eight.[C] Three.[D] Five.29. [A] In four or five years.[B] In one year.[C] In three or four years.[D] In 36 weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] A new way to take notes.[B] A short name for survey reading method.[C] The five steps in the reading process.[D] Different ways to study for examinations.31. [A] That one should think about the ideas while reading the words.[B] That one should always take notes.[C] That one should read only the title and important words.[D] That one should read sequences of words.32. [A] Read.[B] Recite.[C] Review.[D] Reread.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] V acations.[B] Wages.[C] Overcrowded classrooms.[D] Paid sick leaves.34. [A] They want the teachers to resign.[B] They want the teachers to return to work.[C] They are very sympathetic toward the strike.[D] They are refusing to comment on the situation.35. [A] Parent Board.[B] District Court.[C] Teachers' Union.[D] School Committee.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There are 17 kinds of penguins in the world. All of them live in the southern (36) . Only a few (37)about 100 (38) tall and weigh about 30 kilograms. Their special (39) of mating makes them different from all other penguins.For thousands of years the emperor penguins have lived on the (40) continent of Antarctica. These black and white birds live in large groups or colonies. There are about 40 emperor penguin colonies on Antarctica. In total there are about 400,000 birds.These birds spend the summer swimming in the ocean in (41) of food such as fish and (42) . Penguins are not able to fly, but they are (43) swimmers. (44) . But when summer ends, so does this easy time spent by the water. (45) .(46) . They must find an area with some shelter from the freezing winds.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections:In this part there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the staements in the fewest possible words. Write your answers in the spaces provided on Answer Sheet 2.Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture. Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional "roller coaster" they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative. It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate (犹豫不定) between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging.Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of a greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situations.The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keepsakes (纪念品) are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.47. According to the 1st paragraph, experts have interests in ______ .48. Emotional "roller coaster" refers to ______ .49. When entering a new culture, the problems people face are ______ .50. Coping with new situations may result in ______ .51. According to the author, the more effective way to solve "cultural shock" is ______ .Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneSixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle's husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup ofThey had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.Every day of the year, a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home---the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. "It's typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people's pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty."The Salvation Army's Investigation Department has a 70 percent success rate in tracking missing people down. According to Lt. Co. Bramwell Pratt, head of the department, men and women run away for very different reasons though lack of communication is often the biggest motive. "The things that disturb a mall's personality are problems like being tied up in debt or serious worries about work. And some women make impossible demands on their husbands. Women usually leave for more obvious reasons but fear is at the root of it. Men are more often prepared to give their marriage another try than women, but we are aware that, for some wives, it would be a total impossibility to return after the way they've been treated."52. When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle ______ .[A] could not forgive him for taking the children[B] had been expecting it to happen for some time[C] could not understand why[D] blamed herself for what had happened53. Most people who leave their families behind them ______ .[A] do so without warning[B] do so because of their debts[C] come back immediately[D] change their names54. The man or woman left behind usually ______ .[A] admits responsibility for the situation[B] wishes the person who has left were dead[C] feels embarrassed and useless[D] will have no legal marriage life for seven years55. Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as ______ .[A] an act of despair[B] an act of selfishness[C] the result of a sudden decision[D] the result of the enormous sense of guilt56. The Salvation Army believes that ______ .[A] most men run away because of the impossible demands of their wives[B] men's reasons are more understandable than women's[D] women are often afraid to start marriage againPassage TwoThe English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities.Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, and reserved person among people, he knows well. Before strangers he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a railway compartment any morning or evening to see the truth. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing (打盹) in a comer, and no one speaks. An English wit once suggested to overseas visitors, "On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers." Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.It is well known that the English seldom show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion etc. Of course, an Englishman feels no less than any other nationality. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty, of a young girl. A man of more emotional temperament might describe her as "a marvelous jewel", while the Englishman will flatly state "Um, she's all right." An Englishman may recommend a highly successful and enjoyable film to friends by commenting, "It's not bad." The overseas visitors must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest. They must realize that; "all right", "not bad" are very often used with the sense of "first class", "excellent". This special use of language is particularly common in English.57. One explanation for the different character of English people is that ______ .[A] they are geographically isolated from the European continent[B] they have nothing to do with the other Europeans[C] they like to keep quiet among their acquaintances[D] they tend to be reserved by nature58. The word "inhibited" (Line 2, Para. 2) in this passage probably means ______ .[A] unable to have good manners[B] unable to express and relax freely[C] able to act properly[D] able to talk freely59. According to the passage, on entering a railway compartment, an overseas visitor is expected to ______ .[A] inquire about the code of behavior in the train[B] shake hands with all the passengers[C] shake hands with the person he knows[D] behave like an Englishman60. The English way of commenting on something or somebody suggests that ______ .[A] the English are modest in most circumstances[B] the English feel no less than any other nationality[C] the English tend to display less emotion than they feel[D] the English don't take a strong interest in making comment61. What does the passage mainly discuss?[A] The differences between the English and the other Europeans.[B] The different character of the Englishman and its reason.[C] The reasons for English people's shyness.[D] The code of behavior of the nationalities in Europe.Part ⅤCloze[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to (62) the attention and interest of your students; you must be a (63) speaker, with a good, strong, (64) voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to (65) what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear.(66) a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still (67) his class: he stands the whole time when he is teaching; he walks about, using his (68) , hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will (69) the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always (70) according to what he is (71) about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn't (72) that he will indeed be able to act (73) on the stage, for there are very important (74) between the teacher's work and the actor's. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the (75) words each time he plays a certain part; (76) his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually (77) beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem (78) on the stage.A good teacher (79) in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his (80) they ask and answer questions; they obey orders; and if they don't understand something, they will say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his students. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must (81) it as he goes along.62. [A] pay[B] hold[C] give[D] know63. [A] clear[B] slow[C] quick[D] loud64. [A] frightening[B] fearing[C] exciting[D] pleasing65. [A] act[B] talk[C] say[D] repeat66. [A] Listen[B] Look[C] Watch[D] Observe67. [A] for[B] before[C] behind[D] with68. [A] tongue[B] words[C] sound69. [A] hear[B] see[C] think[D] guess70. [A] making[B] changing[C] expressing[D] giving71. [A] talking[B] thinking[C] hearing[D] saying72. [A] tell[B] express[C] show[D] mean73. [A] good[B] badly[C] well[D] actively74. [A] things[B] differences[C] points[D] jobs75. [A] different[B] same[C] above[D] following76. [A] just[B] never[C] ever[D] even77. [A] read[B] known[C] fixed[D] written78. [A] natural[B] real[C] false[D] clear79. [A] is[B] works[C] has[D] teaches80. [A] group[C] class[D] play81. [A] invent[B] discover[C] teach[D] continuePart ⅥTranslationDirections: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.82. We offer a range of beverage, __________ (从矿泉水到酒精饮料都有).83. There is a drinks reception on in Boston __________ (为欢迎所有与会者).84. If you eat cookies or other fattening snacks between meals, __________ (你会变胖的)!85. Too often we believe what accounts for other's success is some special secret or a lucky break, __________ (但成功却很少如何神秘).86. Any kind of exercise will do well to the heart, (只要它能加速心跳).大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷二答案详解Part ⅠWritingShould Parents Be Responsible for Children's Crimes?Nowadays there are more and more crimes committed by the young, which 'becomes the main concern of the public. However, those youngsters are not morally responsible for what they did. On the contrary, their parents should take the responsibility for what could be prevented in advance.The soundest reason is that children are supervised not only by school but also by their parents. No matter how we blame the children, they have limited awareness of knowing what should be done and what should not. For parents, however, they are not free from the duty endowed by the society to ensure that their children are mentally healthy. Moreover, it's parents' inevitable duty to let children know about legal issues and right behaviors.Parents who don't do their duty well should receive the same punishment as their children because it is their irresponsibility in educating that ruins the children's future. Other parents can learn from those cases, and educate their children to behave well in an effective way.One thing is sure that parents are responsible for their children's crimes.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning}1．N 本题考查文章的大意，可在做完后面9题后再解答。
MODEL TEST 2 文本
MODEL TEST 2Section AJob InterviewsA job interview is your chance to show a employer what he or she will get if you are hired. That is why it is essential to be well-prepared for the job interview. Preparing means knowing about the industry, the employer, and yourself, it means paying attention to details like personal appearance, punctuality and manner. I always feel that knowledge is your best weapon. Let’s start by some information about how to prepare for the interview. The first step is to research companies. Before you begin to think about how you will dress for the interview or answer questions. You should do your homework by that; I mean gather as much information about the employer as you can. Not only will you appear informed and intelligent, it will also help you make a decision, if a job offer is eventually made, gathering employer information is not always an easy task, especially if the employer is a small private company. After that you’d better research yourself, try to list some traits about you that they most admire, work related, of course. Meanwhile, try to find some faults as well, you won’t obviously, spontaneously tell a perspective employer about these faults, but you may be asked to. One question that sometimes comes up in an interview is: what is something that has been a problem for you at work. By studying your faults, you will be able to choose one that is somewhat innocuous or could be turned around into a positive. Finally, practice, practice and then practice some more, you want to seem somewhat spontaneous, but you also want to reappear yourself confident, the way to do that is to rehearse it, not exactly what you will say but how you will say it. A great method is to rehearse in front of a video camera. Study your posture, the way you make eye contact and you body language. If you don’t have a video camera, a mirror will do. Have a friend to mock interviews with you. The more you repeat your signora, the more comfortable you will begin to fell with it.In the next section of this lecture, I will talk about succeeding on the interview. What I want to mention first is the dressing or he interview. Appearance is very important, and whether we like it or not, it is the first thing people notice about us.You should match your dress to employees and the workplace in which you are interviewing. Then good grooming is essential, you hair should be neat and stylish, your nail should be well manicured and clean. Men’s nail should be short, women’s nail should be of a reasonable length, and polished in a natural color. Also for a woman, make-up shouldn’t be heavy, perfume or cologne should be avoid, as some people find certain sense of offensive.Besides,body language, they say that body language gives more way about us than speech. Eye contact is very important, but make sure it looks natural. A smiling relaxed face is very inviting, hands rest casually in your lap rather than arms folded across your chest also is more inviting. If you normally move your hands around a lot when you speak, tow it down some, you don’t want to look so stiff, but you don’t want to look like you are abundant of nervous energy. Asking questions i s another point worthy of close attention. Usually towards the end of the interview, the person conducting it will ask you if you have any question, you should have some, you should ask about what typical day would entail, you could also ask what’s special projects you will be working on. As an every other aspect of the job search, you will try to show the employer how you can fill their need by asking about a typical day on the job, or special projects, you are putting yourself in the job, and showing the employer how you will satisfy the employers needs. Don’t ask about salary, benefits or vacations. As those all imply what will you-the employers do foe me.Last but not least, we have to prepare in advance, the money question. Money is a very sensitive topic, as discussed earlier, the candidate shouldn’t bring it up, however, the interviewer may bring it up first, you must prepare for this question before the interview, find out what others in the same position are earning, always give a range not a exact number, this will help keep you from pricing yourself out of a job, you don’t want the employer to think they can’t afford you, but you also don’t want them to think you are a cheap commodity. Finally, there are some things that is too often neglected after the interview. It’s the thank you note or follow-up letter. It is you chance to reedit some thing you mentioned on the interview or bring up something you forgot to mention. It is also a nice gesture and simple matter ofpoliteness. You should try to send a note to each person who took part in your interview. If you don’t remember the name of each person, call the receptionists for some help, keep your note brief make sure it is typed. Someone at a workshop once asked me if the thank you note would make you look like you are kissing up to the employer. I don’t believe so, I do believe it sets you apart from everyone who forgot to or chose not to do this. Good luck in the interview.Section BA: Today I’ll be talking to professor Michael Taylor about Mark Twain. Professor, Mark Twain is still very popular in spite of the fact that he’s dead for more than 100 years, but is there more to Mark Twain than has met the eye.B: Mark Twain is an icon. The trouble with icons is that they can become a little bit rigid. They get associated with a fixed set of ideas and can be difficult to look at them from new perspectives. Many literary critics are taking a new look at Twain to try to see past the icon to a more complicated picture of the man and his work.A: Can you describe Twain a little bit, this icon Twain, the received Twain?B: I think we only think of Mark Twain, we think of him as a westerner, someone from the American west, someone with the humor of American west, someone known for the different voices and dialects that he brought to his characters. Toward the end of his life, he became sage-like. He was bitter and he was somewhat depressed. And combine all these together and you will come up the whole picture of who Twain is.A: Given all the complexities of Twain, what can possibly be missing? Why go look for something new?B: I think there is actually a lot missing. There is huge difference between the public perceptions of Twain and what his life was really like. If you think the time spent every year by biographers, digging deeper and deeper into his personal life, that itself generates a whole range of interesting information and perspectives on him as an individual, particularly his relationship with his family, the domestic issues and his time away from the writing desk.A: Does the way we understand Twain affects the way we read “Huckleberry Finn”? B: I think it does. I also think by and large, if you look at the amount of material Twain wrote in his life, we read very very little of it. My experience with a lot of readers, especially with students, is they know very little of his journalistic writing; they know l ittle of his early writing prior to, say “Tom Sawyer” in 1870s. I do think that focusing simply on those books change the way we think of him as a writer. A: Can you give an example? what picture do we get from those books that might be changed if we read everything?B: Well, focusing on the major novels of that period we categorize them into a kind of children’s literature, yet even “Tom Sawyer”, which is fairly innocent story of summer. There is a good deal below the surface of that story that arouses a deeper sense of what the social setting was in the 19th century--how children interacted with each other and where did they get their values from? Those questions become much more apparent as you look more carefully of the stories.A: So our understanding of Twain really limits our understanding of Twain’s works? B: Yes. Thinking of Twain as a humorist, thinking of him as a writer of children’s books limits our perceptions of the range of the issues that he dealt with. For example, he dealt with child abuse, so there is great deal out there that we need to consider much more carefully. I must also say we tend not to read much of his travel literature, so we get a sense of him as only living in Hannibal and Hartford. We don’t get a sense of his worldliness, his awareness of the world.A: Mark Twain’s humor seems to be an area people have talked quite a bit about. Tell me how one might get something new there?B: When we deal with humor in Twain, we deal with it in bits and small pieces. We don’t look at the p ath of his development in his understanding on how humor operates. For example, if you look at his early journalism from the west, it is very light and it is sparkling with a kind of fun that changed a bit as Twain got older and started to use not just the joke but moved into satire and irony and became nuanced as he began to create these characters. I think, Huck is one of those characters that incredibly nuanced in his approach to the world around him.A: You said earlier that domestic life was an important part of Twain, the man. I wonder if you can talk a little about that? What do you think there is to learn there, gain there?B: I think there’s a lot to explore about his relationships with other family members affected the way he wrote, the kinds of topics he dealt with. One of things is that his having children had a huge impact on the stories he told. If you look at the series of books from “Tom Sawyer” in 1876 to “Huckleberry Finn” in 1885, each of the books focused to some degree, on the life of a k id who didn’t have much of a home life. I think Twain’s actually having children has a lot to do with his interest in how children navigate the world and has something to do with the way he choose to deal with the problems that he saw on the world, a world basically inhospitable to children, I think.A: And that’s a way of reading the novels that maybe hasn’t been fully investigated. B: That’s alright.A: Thanks for your…Section CNews Item 1About 113,000 Internet bars in China attract more than 40 million visitors a day making about 3 billion US dollars a year. Chinese official statistics shows that the country’s internet bars attract more than 40 million visits a day with annual revenue topping 25.68 billion Yuan or about 3 billion US dollars.An official from the Ministry of Cultural Liang Gang told the Beijing News recently that China has registered 113,000 internet bars by April 2005. More than 8million computers have been purchased for Internet bars which employ more than 1 million people in the country. He added that the Internet bars could have contributed more than 128 billion Yuan to related peripheral industries based on the calculating methods set by the National Bureau of Statistics.News Item2American balloonist Steve Fossett is making his way across the South Atlantic Ocean in his attempt to become the first person to fly around the world alone in a balloon.The flight’s mission control team says South America was Mr. Fossett’s last chance to abandon the trip by touching down on solid ground. But with a balloon functioning well and still stocked with plenty of supplies, the team says it will continue the flight.Mr. Fossett will spend the next 2 or 3 days crossing the South Atlantic on a path that will take him toward Cape Town, South Africa. Mr. Fossett says South Atlantic crossing will be an adventure in itself. The balloon’s flight path will take him over the icy waters near the South Sandwich Islands, north of Antarctic. Mission director Joe Ritches doesn’t expect any serious problems, but adds a crash in that part of the world would be especially dangerous.This is the 6th time the 58-year-old a former Chicago stockbroker has tried to fly solo around the world. His farthest flight was in 1998, when he made it 23,000 kilometers from Argentina to Australia before crashing in a thunderstorm. Mission controllers say if there’re no problems with the rest of the flight, Mr. Fossett could land in Australia on July 2nd.News Item 3Last month, scientists were debating whether an asteroid was about to hit the earth. Some 30 meters in diameter, the space rock appeared in telescopes almost with no warning. Even so, astronomers soon computed the object’s path and determine that it would miss the earth by just 42,000 kilometers. It was the closest ever-recorded brush with an asteroid. But many scientists believe more objects were routinely passed by undetected.Scientists are trying to find and track the largest asteroids--those one kilometer in diameter and larger --that could destroy all life on our planet in a fiery blast similar to the one that’s thought to have killed off the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago .To date, scientists have found only one killer asteroid that could wipe out civilization, but it won’t happen any time soon. Accordin g to current estimates, asteroid No. 1950 DA has less than 1% chance of hitting the earth 876 years from now.But NASA’s space guard program and similar projects around the world are capable of finding only most of the large near earth objects. It will take new technologies and much more money to find the remaining 10% of the asteroids that could destroy our planet.Then there’re those near earth objects smaller than one kilometer in diameter which except for bright comets, are nearly impossible to track with today’s instruments. An asteroid between 50 and 100 meters across, for example, could obliterate a city, killing millions of people. And astronauts estimate there maybe hundreds of thousands of these medium sized objects lurking in our solar system.。
大学英语六级模拟 Model Test 2 (附答案可编辑)
Model Test 2Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1．你认为自己具备了什么条件可以胜任学生会主席的工作？2．如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么？注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Entertainment in London （PP.13-15）Buying BooksLondoners are great readers. They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and even of books especially paperbacks, which are still comparatively cheap in spite of ever-increasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy “proper” books, too, printed on good paper and bound between hard covers.There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book-selling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charing Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which boasts of being "the biggest bookshop in the world" to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens' time. Many of them specialize in second-hand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books of philosophy, politics or any other of the various subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes solely in books about ballet!Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charing Cross Road is not the cheapest. For the really cheap second-hand volumes, the collector must venture off the busy and crowded roads, to Farringdon Road in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so grand as bookshops. Instead, the booksellers come along each morning and tip out their sacks of books on to barrows(推车) which line the gutters (贫民区). And the collectors, some professional and some amateur, who have been waiting for them, pounce towards the sellers. In places like this one can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old volume that may be worth many pounds.Both Charing Cross Road and Farringdon Road are well-known places of the book buyer. Yet all over London there are bookshops, in places not so well known, where the books are equally varied and exciting. It is in the sympathetic atmosphere of such shops that the loyal book buyer feels most at home. In these shops, even the life-long book-browser is frequently rewarded by the accidental discovery of previously unknown delights. One could, in fact, easily spend a lifetime exploring London's bookshops. There are many less pleasant ways of spending time!Going to the TheatreLondon is very rich in theatres: there are over forty in the West End alone-more than enough to ensure that there will always be at least two or three shows running to suit every kind taste, whether serious or lighthearted.Some of them are specialist theatres. The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, where the great opera singers of the world can be heard, is the home of opera and the Royal Ballet. The London Coliseum now houses the English National Opera Company, which encourages English singers in particular and performs most operas in English at popular prices.Some theatres concentrate on the classics and serious drama, some on light comedy, some on musicals. Most theatres have a personality of their own, from the old, such as the Theatre Royal (also called the “Haymarket”) in the Haymarket, to the more modern such as the recently opened Baibican centre in the city. The National Theatre has three separate theatres in its new building by Waterloo Bridge. At the newBarbican centre the Royal Shakespeare Company has their London home-their other centre is at Stratford-on-Avon.Most of the old London theatres are concentrated in a very small area, within a stone's throw of the Piccadilly and Leicester Square tube stations. As the evening performances normally begin either at seven-thirty or eight p. m., there is a kind of minor rush-hour between seven-fifteen and eight o'clock in this district. People stream out of the nearby tube stations, the pavements are crowded, and taxis and private cars maneuver into position as they drop theatre-goers outside the entrance to each theatre. There is another minor rush-hour when the performance finishes. The theatre in London is very popular and it is not always easy to get in to see a successful play.Before World War II, theatre performances began later and a visit to the theatre formal occasion. Nowadays very few people "dress" for the theatre (that is, wear formal evening dress) except for first nights or an important performance. The times of performance were put forward during the war and have not been put back. The existing times make the question of eating a rather tricky problem: one has to have either early dinner or late supper. Many restaurants in "theatreland" ease the situation by catering specially for early or late dinners.Television and the difficulty of financing plays have helped to close many theatres. But it seems that the worst of the situation is now over and that the theatre, after a period of decline, is about to pick up again. Although some quite large provincial towns do not have a theatre, there are others, such as Nottingham, Hull, Coventry or Newcastle, which have excellent companies and where a series of plays are performed during one season by a resident group of actors. Some towns such as Chichester or Edinburgh have theatres which give summer seasons. Even in small towns a number of theatres have been built in the last few years to cater for the local population.Music in BritainIt is debatable whether the tastes of kings reflect those of their subjects. However, three English monarchs certainly shared their people's linking for music. Richard I (1157-1199), the “Lionheart”, composed songs that he sang with hismusician, Blondel. It is said that when the king was a prisoner in Austria, Blondel found him by singing a song known only to him and the king, who took up the tune in the tower of the castle in which he was secretly imprisoned. Henry VIII (1491-1547), notorious for his six wives, was a skilled musician and some of his songs are still known and sung. Queen Victoria (1819-1901) and her husband, Prince Albert, delighted in singing ballads. The great composer and pianist Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) was a welcome guest at their court, where he would accompany the Queen and the Prince when they sang.The British love of music is often unfamiliar to foreigners, probably because there are few renowned British composers. The most famous is Henry Purcell (1659-1695), whose opera Dido and Aeneas is a classic. The rousing marching song Lillibulero attributed to Purcell, now used by BBC as an identification signal preceding Overseas Service news bulletins, was said to have "sung James II out of three kingdoms" when he fled from Britain in 1688. Sir Edward Elgar (1857-1934) is known for his choral and orchestral works, some of which have been made more widely known by the famous violinist Yehudi Menuhin. Benjamin Britten (1913-1976), a composer with a very personal style, has become world-famous for such operatic works as Peter Grimes and Billy Budd. Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958) was deeply influenced by English folk music, as is shown by his variations on the old tune Green-sleeves (which most people consider a folk song). In recent years there has been a great revival of folk music, and groups specializing in its performance have sprung up all over Britain. This phenomenon has its roots in the work of Cecil Sharp (1859-1924), who collected folk songs and dances.Present-day concern with music is shown by the existence of something like a hundred summer schools in music, which cater for all grades of musicians, from the mere beginner to the skilled performer. These schools, where a friendly atmosphere reigns, provide courses lasting from a weekend to three or four weeks, and cover a wide range, from medieval and classical music to rock-and-roll and pop. There are also important musical festivals in towns such as Aldeburgh, Bath, and Cheltenham. Pop-music festivals draw thousands of people, especially young people. In the greatcities there are resident world-famous orchestras and from all over the world great performers come to play or sing in Britain. In many towns there are brass bands, and the players are often such people as miners or members of the local fire brigade, for music in Britain is not just an elegant interest, it is above all democratic.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
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Model Test 2Section AIf the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will (1)not be enough resources left to (2) life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present (3) continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of (4) the human race, the crowed conditions on Earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else.An American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan, believes that before the earth’s resources are completely (5) , it will be possible to change the (6) of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as Earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the Earth and there is only a (7) amount of water there.(8) . As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. (9) . In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon. When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler but before man can set foot on Venus, it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. (10) .Section B11. A) The dean should have consulted her on the appointment.B) Dr. Holden should have taken over the position earlier.C) She doesn’t think Dr. Holden has made a wise choice.D) Dr. Holden is the best person for the chairmanship.12. A) They’ll keep in touch during the summer vacation.B) They’ll hold a party before the summer vacation.C) They’ll do odd jobs together at the school library.D) They’ll get back to their school once in a while.13. A) Peaches are in season now.B) Peaches are not at their best now.C) The woman didn’t know how to bargain.D) The woman helped the man choose the fruit.14. A) They join the physics club.B) They ask for an extension of the deadline.C) They work on the assignment together.D) They choose an easier assignment.15. A) She admires Jean’s straightforwardness.B) She thinks Dr. Brown deserves the praise.C) She will talk to Jean about what happened.D) She believes Jean was rude to Dr. Brown.16. A) He liked writing when he was a child.B) He enjoyed reading stories in Reader’s Digest.C) He used to be an editor of Reader’s Digest.D) He became well known at the age of six.17. A) He shows great enthusiasm for his studies.B) He is a very versatile person.C) He has no talent for tennis.D) He does not study hard enough.18. A) John has lost something at the railway station.B) There are several railway stations in the city.C) It will be very difficult for them to find John.D) The train that John is taking will arrive soon.Conversation One19. A) Studying and protecting endangered languages.B) Obtaining information contained within a language.C) Tracking the last speakers of each dying language.D) Seeking international help for smaller ethnic groups.20. A) Because these languages are used only in remote areas.B) Because the official language of a country rarely changes.C) Because these ethnic groups are not powerful.D) Because the local languages are hard to learn.21. A) Reaching only nineteen percent of the world’s population.B) Neglecting a great majority of the world’s languages.C) Having too little influence on cultural exchange.D) Containing too much worthless information.22. A) The value of knowing human history.B) The importance of sharing information.C) How to bring back threatened languages.D) Why endangered languages must be protected. Conversation Two23. A) She is familiar with all kinds of sport equipment.B) She is an experienced mountain climber.C) She is a confident mountain-climbing coach.D) She is running a mountain-climbing club.24. A) People are not fully prepared for potential risks.B) People are not healthy enough for outdoor activities.C) People are too eager to beat their opponents.D) People are too nervous when climbing steep cliffs.25. A) Natural ability and fitness.B) Knowledge and exercise.C) Strategy and psychology.D) Tricks and techniques.Section CPassage One26. A) The role of immigrants in the construction of American society.B) The importance of offering diverse courses in European history.C) The need for greater cultural diversity in the school curriculum.D) The historic landing of Europeans on the Virginia shore.27. A) He was wondering if the speaker was used to living in America.B) He was trying to show friendliness to the speaker.C) He wanted to keep their conversation going.D) He believed the speaker was a foreigner.28. A) The US population doesn’t consist of white European descendants only.B) Asian tourists can speak English as well as native speakers of the language.C) Colored people are not welcome in the United States.D) Americans are in need of education in their history.Passage Two29. A) By making laws. B) By enforcing discipline.C) By educating the public. D) By holding ceremonies.30. A) It should be raised by soldiers.B) It should be raised quickly by hand.C) It should be raised only by Americans.D) It should be raised by mechanical means.31. A) It should be attached to the statue.B) It should be hung from the top of the monument.C) It should be spread over the object to be unveiled.D) It should be carried high up in the air.32. A) There has been a lot of controversy over the use of flag.B) The best athletes can wear uniforms with the design of the flag.C) There are precise regulations and customs to be followed.D) Americans can print the flag on their cushions or handkerchiefs.Passage Three33. A) Punishment by teachers. B) Poor academic performance.C) Truancy. D) Illness.34. A) The Board of Education. B) Principals of city schools.C) Students with good academic records. D) Students with good attendance records.35. A) Punishing students who damage school property.B) Rewarding schools that have decreased the destruction.C) Promoting teachers who can prevent the destruction.D) Cutting the budget for repairs and replacements.答案速查:1. eventually2. sustain3. trends4. feeding5. exhausted6. atmosphere7. tiny8. Sagan proposes that algae, organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus9. Spaceships will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere10. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for men to land on it but the rain will eventuallyfall and in a few years something like Earth will be reproduced on Venus11-15 DABCA 16-20 ADCAC 21-25 BDBAC 26-30 CDAAB 31-35DCCDB听力原文:Section B11. M: The Dean just announced that Dr. Holden’s going to take over as chairman of the historydepartment.W: I knew it all along! He’s the obvious choice. All the other candidates are no match for him!Q: What does the woman mean? [D]12. W: Hey, let me know how your summer’s going! I’ll miss you guys while I’m here working inthe library.M: I’ll be working, too! But I’ll send you an email or call you once in a while. When we all get back to school, we can have a party or something.Q: What do we learn about the two speakers? [A]13. W: I know it’s the end of the season, but those peaches are such a bargain that I couldn’t helpbuying them! Have one please!M: Thank you! Actually, they seem past their prime.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? [B]14. M: The assignment on physics is a real challenge. I don’t think I can finish it on time all bymyself.W: Why don’t we join our efforts together? It may be easier then.Q: What does the woman suggest? [C]15. M: Jean really lost her temper in Dr. Brown’s class this morning.W: Oh, did she? But I think her frankness is really something to be appreciated.Q: What does the woman mean? [A]16. W: We heard that when you were a kid, you submitted a story to Reader’s Digest.M: Well, I don’t remember this story exactly, but my idea of a great time then was a pad of lined paper and a new blue pen. I thought of myself as a Reader’s Digest’s staff member at the age of six.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation? [A]17. M: Your son certainly shows a lot of enthusiasm on the tennis court.W: I only wish he’d show as much for his studies.Q: What does the woman imply about her son? [D]18. W: We’re supposed to meet John here at the railway station.M: That’s like looking for a needle in a hay stack.Q: What does the man imply? [C]Conversation OneM: Sally, I heard from the radio that over half the world’s seven thousand languages are in danger of disappearing. Every two weeks one language disappears.W: So fast?M: Yes, so Mr. Harrison and Mr. Anderson are heading Living Tongues, an organization to study and protect endangered languages.W: Why do these languages disappear?M: Sometimes a language disappears immediately when the last person speaking it dies. Or,a local language might disappear more slowly. This happens when an official language isused more often and children stop learning the local language of their parents. This is nota new process. Official languages often represent a form of control over a group ofpeople.W: Can you explain it a bit further?M: Throughout history, the language spoken by a powerful group spreads across a civilization. The more powerful culture rarely respects the language and culture ofsmaller ethnic groups. So, smaller cultures lose their local language as the language ofthe culture in power becomes the stronger influence.W: I can see your point now.M: The Internet could be thought of as a new method of language control. The United Nations cultural organization, UNESCO, says that ninety percent of the world’s languages are not represented on the Internet.W: I guess we do need to protect these languages.M: Experts say protecting languages is very important for many reasons. Languages contain the histories, ideas and knowledge of a culture. Languages also contain valuable information about local medicines, plants and animals. Bringing back threatened languages is not easy, but it is very important work.W: No doubt.19. What is the organization Living Tongues aimed at? [A]20. Why do some cultures lose their local languages? [C]21. What is the Internet blamed for? [B]22. What does the speakers stress in the end? [D]Conversation TwoM: Look at all the equipment here. They must be used for some kind of sport.W: You are right. They are for climbing mountains. Have you ever tried that before?M: No, never, have you?W: Almost for five years.M: Five years? Wow! Isn’t it a bit dangerous? I heard that a 21-year-old college student lost his life when climbing the cliff the other day.W: Yes, it does happen from time to time, most often by people who just try when they are not yet ready for any risk.M: Are there any climbing clubs for freshmen to join?W: Yes, for sure. But you need time to pick out the best one. Nowadays, too many of these climbing clubs are too eager to initiate trips without checking properly the skill levels of the climbers.M: Well, as a veteran, what experience do you think you can share with others?W: Well, climbing success is considered by most to be almost 100 percent dependent on fitness and natural ability. But in reality, climbing is a much more subtle and complicated skill that needs not just fitness, but strategy and psychology.M: That’s interesting to hear.W: Over the years, I’ve picked up numerous tricks and techniques that have allowed me to occasionally beat a stronger competitor. At the grass-roots level, it is possible to just outride your opponents, but as you get into the higher categories and the gap in ability narrows, strategy becomes increasingly important.M: Well, Katrina, thanks for your kind suggestion.W: My pleasure.23. What can be inferred about the woman? [B]24. According to the woman, why do most climbing accidents occur? [A]25. What are more important to climbing success in the long run? [C]Section CPassage OneI had flown from San Francisco to Virginia to attend a conference on multiculturalism. Hundreds of educators from across the country were meeting to discuss the need for greater cultural diversity in the school curriculum. I took a taxi to my hotel. On the way, my driver and I chatted about the weather and the tourists. The driver was a white man in his forties. “How long have you been in this country?”he asked. “All my life!”I replied, “I was born in the United States.”With a strong southern accent, he remarked, “I was wondering because your English is excellent.”Then I explained as I had done many times before, “My grandfather came here from China in the 1880s. My family has been here in America for over a hundred years.”He glanced at me in the mirror. Somehow, I did not look “American”to him. My appearance looked foreign. Questions like the one my taxi driver asked make me feel uncomfortable. But I can understand why he could not see me as an American. He had a narrow but widely-shared sense of the past: a history that has viewed Americans as descendants of Europeans. Race has functioned as something necessary to the construction of American character and quality. In the creation of our national identity, American has been defined as “white”. But America has been racially diverse since our very beginning on the Virginia shore, where the first group of Englishmen and Africans arrived in the 17th century. And this reality is increasingly becoming visible everywhere.26. What was the theme of the conference the speaker was to attend? [C]27. Why did the taxi driver ask the speaker how long he has been in the US? [D]28. What message did the speaker wish to convey? [A]Passage TwoLaws have been written to govern the use of the American National Flag, and to ensure proper respect for the flag. Custom has also governed the common practice in regard to its use. All the armed services have precise regulations on how to display the national flag. This may vary somewhat from the general rules. The national flag should be raised and lowered by hand. Do not raise the flag while it is folded. Unfold the flag first, and then hoist it quickly to the top of the flagpole. Lower it slowly and with dignity. Place no objects on or over the flag. Do not use the flag as part of a costume or athletic uniform. Do not print it upon cushions, handkerchiefs, paper napkins or boxes. A federal law provides that the trademark cannot be registered if it comprises the flag, coat of arms, or badges of the United States. When the flag is used in unveiling a statue ormonument, it shouldn’t serve as a covering of the object to be unveiled. If it is displayed on such occasions, do not allow the flag to fall to the ground, but let it be carried high up in the air to form a feature of the ceremony. Take every precaution to prevent the flag from becoming soiled. It should not be allowed to touch the ground or floor, nor to brush against objects.29. How do Americans ensure proper respect for the national flag? [A]30. What is the regulation regarding the raising of the American National Flag? [B]31. How should the American National Flag be displayed at an unveiling ceremony? [D]32. What do we learn about the use of the American National Flag? [C]Passage ThreeIn some large American city schools, as many as 20～40％of the students are absent each day. There are two major reasons for such absences: one is sickness, and the other is truancy, that is, staying away from school without permission. Since school officials can’t do much about illness, they are concentrating on reducing the number of truants. One of the most promising schemes has been tried in Florida. The pupils there with good attendance have been given free hamburgers, toys and T-shirts. Classes are told that if they show improved rates of attendance, they can win additional gifts. At the same time, teachers are being encouraged to inspire their students to come to school regularly. When those teachers are successful, they are also rewarded. “We’ve been punishing truants for years, but that hasn’t brought them back to school,”one school principal said. “Now we are trying the positive approach. Not only do you learn by showing up every day, but you earn.”In San Francisco, the board of education has had a somewhat similar idea. Schools that show a decrease in deliberate destruction of property can receive the amount of money that would’ve been spent on repairs and replacements. For example, 12,000 dollars had been set aside for a school’s property damages every year. Since repair expenses of damaged property required only 4,000 dollars, the remaining 8,000 dollars was turned over to the student activities fund. “Our democracy operates on hope and encouragement,”said the school board member. “Why not provide some positive goals for students and teachers to aim at?”33. Which reason for students’ absences is discussed in great detail? [C]34. Who will benefit from the scheme being tried in Florida? [D]35. What measure has been taken in San Francisco to reduce the destruction of schoolproperty? [B]。