中考英语(湖南专版)总复习练习 名词用法详解
中考英语名词常见考点解析
中考英语名词常见考点解析名词是中考的常考点也是必考点,主要考查词义的辨析,名词数的变化(主要考查学生是否掌握名词复数的规则变化和名词复数的不规则变化,以及对可数名词和不可数名词的区分及不可数名词的运用),名词的所有格的运用和名词的语法作用。
考点一词义的辨析这类题重点考查考生对名词词义和整个句子意思的理解,考生只要掌握词义并了解句意,一般都不难给出正确答案。
下面就以几道中考题来分析一下名词词义辨析题的答题方法:例1:(2015年重庆市) Dave really likes driving.I think being a is just right for him.A. doctorB. teacherC. farmerD. driver解析:考查名词词义辨析。
这里主要考查考生能否根据句意来判断该题的答案。
当然,考生首先要弄清这四个词的意思,doctor 意为“医生”; teacher 意为“老师”;farmer意为“农民”; driver意为“驾驶员”。
由“Dave likes driving”可知,大卫很喜欢开车,因此”我”认为他很适合当一名驾驶员。
例2:(2015年安徽省)―How can I get some about the 2016 Olympic Games?―Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experienceC. practiceD. success解析:考查名词词义辨析。
information意为“信息”;experience意为“经验、经历”; practice意为“练习”;success意为“成功”。
由“Why not search the Internet?”可知,可以上网查询2016年奥运会的相关信息,故选A。
考生只要知道这几个词的词义,了解句意,就能很容易给出正确答案。
答案:A。
例3:(2015年山东省潍坊市) On September 3 there will be some in China to celebrate the 70-year victory of the Anti-Japanese War.A. actionsB. projectsC. traditionsD. activities解析:考查名词词义辨析。
初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习
初中英语语法名词⽤法讲解及专项练习初中英语语法名词⽤法讲解及专项练习【考点讲解】⼀、名词的分类⼆、可数名词与不可数名词(⼀) 可数名词名词分为可数和不可数名词。
物质名词与抽象名词⼀般属于不可数名词,它们只有单数形式;个体名词和集体名词⼀般是可数名词,通常有单数和复数两种形式。
1. 单数变复数的规则【注】①常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下⼏个:hero, tomato, potato ,可记为“英雄爱吃西红柿和⼟⾖”。
剩余以o 为结尾的加s :如photo, zoo, piano等②以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下:⼩偷的妻⼦⽤⼑把狼劈成两半,⼀半放在书架上,⼀半放在树叶上2. 不规则复数形式(1) 元⾳或词尾发⽣变化:child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse-policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________Englishman-(2) 单复数形式相同: (3) 形式为复数,意思为复数:people ,police(4) 形式为复数,意思为单数:news, maths, physics(5) 只能⽤复数形式:trousers, shoes, glasses ……【注】○1man,woman作定语修饰别的名词时,要把man,woman和其他部分都变成复数,如man teacher –,woman doctor –_____________;○2但是其他合成名词,只需把其中⼼词变成复数形式。
如:shoe factory- , banana tree-3. “某国⼈”的复数形式“中⽇不变英法变,其余s加后边”(⼆)不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,⼀般没有复数形式1. 物质名词有water, rice, tea, milk, chicken(鸡⾁), fish(鱼⾁), food, fruit, beef, orange(橙汁), sugar, salt, paper(纸), porridge, bread, sand, juice,chalk等;抽象名词有news, music, time(时间), information等;2. 在英语中,不可数名词如果要表⽰“量”的概念,可以⽤以下两种⽅法:(1) ⽤much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表⽰多少,例如:a lot of money / some milk / any water / much snow(2) ⽤“a piece / glass / cup / bottle / bag of+不可数名词”或“数词pieces / glasses / cups / bottles / bags of+不可数名词”这类定语,例如:a piece of paper ( wood / bread) →a bottle of orange →a glass of wate r →a cup of tea →a bag of rice →3. 不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词a/an连⽤;4. 注意有些名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,此时中⽂意思有区别。
中考英语语法专题之名词(含练习及答案)
教学课题名词知识目标:理解掌握名词的概念、基本用法。
目标能力目标:理解和灵活使用名词,根据句子需要使用正确的名词形式。
重点:名词的灵活使用;可数名词单复数变形;名词所有格。
重点难点难点:理解英语里的单复数概念。
过程1.导入2.名词的概要3.课堂同步练习与讲评4.小结---名词的用法5.拓展练习与讲评专有名词名词名词意义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。
如:Shanghai,Lilei,desk普通名词国名地名人名可数名词不可数名词团体机构名称首字母大写个体名词表单个的人或者事物集体名词表一群人或一些事物的总称抽象名词表无法分为个体的物质物质名词表抽象概念的词如:Jim,June,China,Harbin.teacher,apple…family,police…water,money…health,friendship…1.可数名词(个体名词和集体名词):有单复数之分A.不规则变化常见的有:单复数同型:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice... Chinese Japanese people sheep deer fish(中日友好永不变)a Chinese---two Chinese;a Japanese--- four Japanese(英法联盟a变e)an English--- eight Englishmen;an Frenchman---nine Frenchmen (其他后面加s)a German---five GermansB.规则变化情况一般的词以s,sh,ch,x结尾以0结尾以辅音+y结尾以f/fe结尾构成+s+es有生命,+es;无生命,+s改y为i+es改f为v+es例词day-days desk-desksmatch-matches boss-bossestomatoes,potatoes,heroesbaby-babies fly-flieswife-wives leaf-leavesphotos,kilos, 1. Some ____ and ____ will come to visit our school next month.A. Germans; EnglishmansB. Germen; EnglishmenC. Germans; EnglishmenD. German; Englishman2.Look! There are three ______ and two ______ at the school gate. Let ’s show them around our school.A. Frenchman; GermanB. Frenchmen; GermanC. Frenchmen; GermansD. Frenchmans; Germans写出下列名词的复数形式1piece shoe orange lake23456789busbodyboylifezootomatomanGerman foxcitykeyleafpianoherowomanChinese glassenemyholidayyourselfradiotoothfishermanchild wishbabywaywolfphotofootapplesheepC.复合名词的复数变化规则: man 和 woman 都要变 girl 和 boy 却不变1 men doctors boy students 1. They are________.2women drivers girl football playersA.man doctorB.men doctorsC.men doctorD.man doctorsD.常考可数名词knifesecond chance size decisionvoicestomachacheminute mistake shape invitationtastetoothachequarter question invention concertsmellcoldhour problem discovery playexpressionfeverweek idea message ticketintroductioncoughyear suggestion difference sightcelebration1.If you work harder, you'll have another_________ to play the violin at a concert.A. sleepB. chanceC. mistakeD. problem2.-Lily, could you please pass me the_________? I want to cut the apple.-Sure, here you are. A. pen B. pencilC. bookD. knifeE.常见复数标志all/both基数词two...many/someseveral几个a few/fewotherthese/thosedifferentare/were在一般现在时的条件下,遇到复数名词,或代词,动词用原形:we all come from China.1.Those white socks____small.A.areB.isC.amD.do2.How many_____do they have?A.pictureB.picturesC.a picture3.We are_____,but they are________.A.Germans;JapaneseB.Germen;JapaneseC.Germans;JapanesesD.Germen;Japanese4.__________turn green in spring.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs5.Look!The kites in the sky are in different_____.Some are big and some are small.A.sizeB.sizesC.colorD.colors6.I can see some________on the hill.A.sheeps and deersB.sheep and deerC.sheeps and deerD.sheep and deers2.不可数名词(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。
中考英语语法专题之名词(含练习及答案)
5. Your mother cooks nice __________. I like it very much.A. breadB. beefsC. eggsD. dumplings6.-How can I get some ______ about the 2016 Olympic Games? -Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experienceC. practiceD. success7.______ about the sports meeting make us excited.A. NewsB. InformationC. MessagesD. Advice8.The Belt and Road initiative(一带一路倡议) will help China improve ______ with lots of countries.A. relationshipB. agreementC. environmentD. progress3.名词的所有格: 在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加's 表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。
翻译成:"的"。
如:Tom's bike (汤姆的单车)。
名词的所有格例词、例句①直接在词尾加's Kate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day②以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加' Teachers' Day, students' books③表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's Lucy and Lily's mother (共同的妈妈)④表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's Tom's and Jim's rooms (各自的房间)⑤表某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略at the doctor's(在医务室); at Tom's (在汤姆的家)⑥表示无生命名词的所有格,用of 表达the door of the room, the color of the clothes⑦双重所有格:用's所有格/名词性物主代词与of 所有格相结合。
湖南省中考英语总复习课件 语法专题一 名词
A. five minute's
C. five minutes
一、可数名词
可数名词有单、复数形式。
(一)名词复数形式的规则变化 1:一般在词尾加-s exercise→ exercises desk→desks
2:以s,x, sh, ch 结尾的加-es
watch→watches factory→ factories
3. —Can I help you?
—Yes,please.I need some A.potato B.apple C C.beef and drinks.
4.(2016年黑龙江龙东地区)— How far is your home from school ? B — About __ walk. B. five minutes'
四、名词所有格
名词所有格通常是用来表示一个名词和另一个名词之间 的所属关系。 1.构成 类别 单数名词 构成方法 在词尾直接加’s 举例 Jim's room 吉姆的房 间
词尾已有-s的
复数名词 词尾不带-s的 复数名词
在词尾只加’
Students’ rooms学生们
的房间 Children’s Day儿童节
danger,health,homework,happiness等。
2.用法:不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 不可数名词其前不能用不定冠词a,an和数词修饰。
但可以用the 修饰。
(1)不可数名词可以用little,a little of ,some , any,a lot of,lots of,much等表示不定量的词修饰 。 a little milk 一些 牛奶 a lot of water 许多水
中考复习名词用法讲解
C. himself
D. myself
8. Listen! The room.
A. twins babies C. twins’ baby
are singing in the next
B. twin babies D. twin’s baby
历年中考真题
1. In autumn there are a lot of ground. (2013 茂名,27)
in the accident
yesterday.
A. tooth B. feet 14.There is some
C. hand D. ear on the plate.
A. cakes
B. meat
C. potato
D. pears
15.The
hatches
B. boy; watch
these
—Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.
A. chicken
B. chickens
C. a chicken D. the chicken
4.
school is quite near the bus station.
(2012 茂名,27)
A. Ted and Tom’s B. Ted’s and Tom’s
.It’s a .
A.aunt;five minutes’ walk
2.不可数名词: a.可以修饰不可数名词的词或短 语 a lot of, lots of, some, a little, little 数词+容器+of+不可数名词 a glass of water—two glasses of water b.常用得不可数名词 food/meat/fish/chicken/pork/beef/mutton/drink/orange/milk/tea/Coke/water/rice/bread/homework/news/pa per/ice/rain/snow/wind/cloud/air/weather/maths/Chinese/English/music/information/fun/work 等 【巧学妙记】八句歌诀 可数不可数好分辨,名词所示物分两半 如每半不能叫原名,那该词可数最公平 每半还能把原名叫,不可数名词就遇到
2023年中考英语专项复习--名词考点讲解
中考英语考点专项复习专题一名词第一部分:名词基本考点解析考点一:名词的数掌握可数名词单数变复数的相关知识,包括规则变化和不规则变化,除此外掌握一些特殊名词的单复数情况。
1. 可数名词单数变复数规则变化如下表:规则例词1通常(除不规则和下面情况)在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, d ish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives,wife-wives, half-halves加-s chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2.不规则变化的情况归纳如下:①改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式:例如:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice②单复数相同:sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan③一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police④表示“某国人”单复数相同的:Chinese, Japanese需要加s的:加s复数,不加s单数:Americans, Australians, Germans以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women:Englishmen, Frenchwomen⑤合成名词将主体名词变为复数:sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends将两部分变为复数:women singers, men servants3.特殊的情况①有些名词只有复数形式:trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses②有些集体名词,当作整体概念是可以作单数,看成集体中的成员也可以作复数。
(湖南地区)2019年中考英语复习专题一名词(讲解部分)素材(pdf)
experiment 实验 expression 表达 environment 环境
excuse 借口
exhibition 展览 experience 经验;经历
explanation 解释;说明
F
feeling 感觉
fun 乐趣
H
habit 习惯
hobby 业余爱好 honour 荣誉
I
information 信息
athlete 运动员
B
balance 平衡 bottom 底部 business 商业,生意
C
challenge 挑战 chance 机会 change 变化
collection 收集物
contribution 贡献 choice 选择
competition 比赛;竞争 cause 原因
interest 兴趣
importance 重要性
invention 发明
interview 面试;访谈
influence 影响( 力)instruction Nhomakorabea明;指示
invitation 邀请
M/ N
mood 心情
noise 噪音
O
offer 提议 opinion 意见;看法
traffic 交通
trouble 困难
V
voice 嗓音
volunteer 志愿者 visitor 游客
value 价值
考点二 名词的可数性和不可数性
1.可数名词的复数形式 ( 1) 名词复数形式的变化规则如下表:
情况
构成方法
读音
例词
一般情况
在清辅音后读 / s /
cake—cakes
湖南长沙市中考英语二轮语法专项复习专题3 名词
专题3 名词
考点检索 考点梳理 课时作业 参考答案
考点检索
考点梳理
近义名词的用法辨析 1. family, home与house
family
指由父母、子女所组成的 家庭,是集体名词。当指 整个家庭时,是单数意义; 当指家庭中的每个成员 时,是复数意义
home
指一个人出生或居住 的地方,具有抽象的含 义,翻译为“家”。
在姓氏的复数前加定冠词,指一家 the Smiths 史密斯一家/夫妇
人或夫妇
the Obamas 奥巴马一家/夫妇
a lot of if's 许多 if
字母、数字、符号、单词及表示年 代的数词等看作个体名词时,其复 数形式直接加 s 或's
many oh's 许多 oh four dos and four don'ts 四要四不 要 in the 1890s/1890's 在 19 世纪 90
指供一家人住的房子, house
侧重于具体的建筑物
2. problem与question
多指“习题;问题”,通常也指 problem 要解决或决定的问题,尤其指比
较困难的问题、社会问题
question
常指由于对某事感到疑惑不解而 提出需要解答的问题,常与ask或 answer连用
He will try his best to solve this problem.他将尽他最大努力去解决 这个问题。
一个名词词尾加's;如果两个人分别 汤姆和彼得(共同)的房间。
拥有某物 ,则在两个名词词尾加 These are Tom's and Peter's shoes.这
中考英语语法复习:名词讲解及提升练习(有答案)
初中语法复习:名词讲解及提升练习考点1:名词的单复数变化1)大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾,则一般加es;2)以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;3)以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;4)英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。
关于以O结尾,加上-es变复数的单词,我们可以这样记住:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和马铃薯,那么negro, hero, tomato, potato便可以很快记住了。
考点2:可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达注:1、名词单数变复数口诀(一) 规则变化名词单数变复数,直接加-s 占多数;s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾,直接加上-es;词尾是f 或fe,加-s 之前先变ve;辅母+ y 在词尾,把y 变i 再加-es;词尾字母若是o,常用三个已足够,要加-es 请记好,hero, tomato, potato。
(二) 不规则变化男人女人a 变e,鹅足牙oo 变ee;老鼠虱婆也好记,ous 变ic;孩子加上ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用变。
2、1)名词可数性:专有名词不可数:人名地名国家。
2)物质名词不可数:金木水火土沙肉食米面布茶咖啡果汁牛奶酒钢铁玻璃煤油墨水作业纸粉笔头发新闻天气天气。
3)抽象名词不可数:幸福时光爱情知识力量发明仁慈友谊关系青春信息勇气。
巩固提升:一、单选题1.How much ________do you have on you?A.money B.coin C.key D.bill2.Don't be afraid to ask for some ________ about ordering the meal.A.suggestion B.method C.opinion D.advice3.For the time being we can collect much ________ either from books or on the Internet. A.idea B.method C.information D.suggestion 4.Now a large number of people ________ helping clear the snow in the street.A.is B.are C.was D.were5.Stella is going to move into a new flat next month, so she plans to buy some ________.A.chair B.flower C.furniture D.picture 6.The old lady saved many ________ from dying of hunger in the 1950s.A.monkey B.elephant C.children D.butterfly 7.Villagers in the mountain area used to raise many________ on the farm to make a living. A.bear B.horse C.chicken D.sheep 8.Kate plans to work for the community with some classmates of________ this summer. A.she B.her C.herself D.hers9.Mary chatted with a friend of on WeChat for a long time last night.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself 10.The policeman gave us much on how to protect ourselves when we are in danger. A.example B.tip C.note D.advice11.I think one effective ______for me to improve my memory is to have enough sleep. A.information B.advice C.method D.conclusion 12.With great efforts and a strong will, the teenager has made a lot of ______. A.progress B.achievement C.complaint D.friend 13.The police are worried about the of the boy who has been missing for 3 days. A.save B.safe C.safely D.safety答案:1.A2.D3.C4.B5.C6.C7.D8.D9.C10.D11.C12.A13.D二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Sam studies hard and he is confident that he'll pass the ________ examinations. (enter)2.Tony’s uncle was born in Spain, but he is a ________ of France. (city)3.Holding his ________ for about three minutes, Jerald swam down to a depth of 112 metres. (breathe)4.Few young people are interested in traditional ________ .(skill)5.They have reached a __________ about when and where to hold the party. (decide)6.Miss Guo tells us that there're different __________ to improve our memory. (method)7.Wendy was happy when she saw the menu that included many delicious ________. (dish)8.The manager said that the _________ of the report must be at least fifteen minutes. (long)9.The police are investigating a series of bank _________ in the city center. (robbery)10.When we describe people, we mention their age-group, their build and their _______. (high)11.As doctors, we take pride in our _______. (responsibility)12.The Pony Express was a ________started in 1860 that carried mail and news throughout the West. (serve)13.Zhong Nanshan is one of our country's national ________. (hero)14.A ________(win) is not a person who never fails, but a person who never gives up.15.It’s important for students to build relationships with other members of the ________.(social)16.Making other people satisfied also brings me _________ every day. (happy)17.As usual, our leader made his New Year's _________ on TV on Dec.31. (speech)18.The terrible disease has had a huge _________ on the way we see ourselves. (effective)19.The sudden _____of the pet dog made the old lady very sad.(dead)20.Many _____gathered in the hall to welcome the new year.(citizen)21.We are confident of the doctor's ________ to cure this disease. (able)22.Peter made his sister laugh by telling her many ________. (joke)23.The hotel offers different _______ of amusements to attract the guests. (variety)24.The ________ of that bridge is over 200 metres. (long)25.Two ________(policewoman) are directing traffic at the crossing.puters were considered as one of the greatest ________ in the 1920s though they were very huge at that time.(invent)27.To tell you the ________, I have worked very hard to prepare for the final exam.(true)28.Two armed ________took place on the same street on Monday afternoon.(robbery)29.It’s a new story full of________, adventure and heroic characters.(act)30.The doctor says the________ was a great success, and the patient will get better, (operate)31.The boy could not sleep, and he began to count________, but failed. (sheep)32.Because of the traffic jams, I missed the ________ of the performance. (begin)33.One major ________ of that machine is too big for us to carry. (advantage)34.Kate bought lots of ________ from the market yesterday morning. (strawberry)35.The ________ on show are all excellent, you can choose any of them. (piano)36.The suspect is still missing and there is no record of his ________ yet. (die)37.The report on the patient's ________ caught attention of the public. (ill)38.Tom was on top of the world after returning from the ________ park. (amusing)39.We know that it was a very hard ________, but we feel we made the right one. (decide)40.The boy is so good with the ________ of colors. (choose)41.Richard had little________in understanding the reason for your decision. (difficult)42.To reduce the spread of virus(病毒), many countries stop _________ from entering. (foreign)43.Helen’s ambition is to become an ________ in the future. (art)44.Robben owns some furniture _______ in Wuhan. (factory)45.We are trying to find a good ______ to deal with the environmental problems. (solve)46.The supermarket near our neighbourhood sells different kinds of meat ________. (produce)47.Doing housework teaches kids independence, care and ________. (responsible)48.To tell you the _______, the tour of the Movie Park was the highlight of our visit.(true)49.The company offered a number of chances for teachers’ professional________. (develop)50.As a soldier, you have to obey ________. (order)51.China celebrated its ________ birthday in the year 2019. (seventy)52.The scene in front is too ________ for me to have a look at. (frighten)53.His students have to hand in their homework no ________ than next Friday. (late)54.Teenagers should learn to be ________ thinkers rather than follow others blindly. (depend).55.Make sure the windows are closed and the door is ________ locked before you leave. (secure)56.Customers can make a ________ to the manager by phone, by letter or face to face. (complain)57.The factories are planning to make products with recycled materials to ________ energy. (safe)urent, 9, will become one of the______people to graduate from a university. (young)59.We need to concentrate on our________now, while we have the energy. (goal)60.I forgot to take my textbook. The girl next to me shared_______with me. (she)61.The show was so boring that we fell ______after an hour. (sleep)62.A number of animals have escaped from the zoo________, including a rare white tiger. (recent)63.The death of the boy’s parents left him feeling extremely_______and alone. (help)64.He can correctly______a pack of cards in just 31.16 seconds. (memory)65.-- That’s not a very good time of year to travel. -- Perhaps not. It was just a_______.” (think)66.Scientists are trying to establishing more______for their argument. (proof)67.Sue has already graduated from university in her early_____. (twenty)68.The twin sisters are only five years old, but they can take care of______. (they)69.People speak different______of English in different parts of Britain. (vary)70.“How are you?” is a very______question. It’s a question that often doesn’t need an answer. (usual)71.Studying abroad has made me much more______in many ways. (depend)72.If you really want to______, you will have to work very hard. (success)73.She didn’t stop mopping the floor until it became _______clean. (spot)74.We are always encouraged to express our own ______naturally in class.(opinion)75.They held a party for their cousin’s _______birthday last weekend.(twenty-five)76.A friend of ______visited the village and she really had a good time there.(me)77.Some people argue teachers aren’t as important as before because there is an increasing_______of information resources.(various)78.We used to visit London once a week, but ______we go there twice a week.(recent)79.He was _______to find his room cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order.(surprise)80.I wonder how to start and ______the new washing machine.(operation)81.His 8-year-old son is so ______that he can go to school on his won.(depend)82.The team are working on a couple of unsolved ________ of this century. (mystery)83.Many important events were held in the ________ half of the year. (two)84.The ________ is so exciting that you can have a lot of food for thought. (speak)85.There’s a large ________ of soft drinks to choose from in this store. (various)86.It’s a pity that the world famous church was ________ damaged by a fire. (serious)87.The report says the faster you read, the ________ you understand what you’ve read. (little)88.It’s worrying that some students are ________ of the risk of playing computer games. (aware)89.Don’t forget to ________ the date, the price and the signature on the contract. (examination)90.I can’t do the______question but I have finished doing the other. (four )91.Peter’s mother has promised to buy______a Millet Bracelet(小米手环) as a present. (he)92.As a good detective, Ken looks for clues carefully and never jumps to______.(conclusion)93.My partner was______ill and she had an operation the day before yesterday. ( serious)94.Having done enough revision work, Joe is sure that he’ll______in the final exam.(success)95.That shop sells a______of unusual, fun model cars, many kids like to go there. (vary)96.Linda is a______leader in our group. She is always active in dealing withproblems.(confidence)97.When you feel tired or______, you can look for something interesting to do.(happy)98.My postcard is different from ______in size and color. (she)99.The lights in the restaurant were too dark. We had to change our ______. (seat)100.Frank has just begun the ______year in the college, so everything is still fresh to him. (two) 101.The man has ______in running the shop because of the good service. (success)102.The information was ______and the army lost the war again. (use)103.Wendy has ______recorded a TV programme about making funny comics. (recent)104.Susan will make a ______on children rights next week. (speak)105.Eating too much ______food really does harm to us. (healthy)106.Liao Changyong is an excellent Chinese_____who has held many concerts. (sing)107.The snake can reach a_____of one hundred centimeters. (long)108.I guess the gentleman with a pair of glasses must be in his early_____now. (fifty)109.Several recent_____showed 75% of those questioned were in favour of the plan. (survey) 110.The jacket is available in_____colours. You can choose what you like. (variety)111.Every morning the students greet the teachers_____with a smile at the school gate. (polite) 112.I’ve just bought my new car, so I make up my mind to_____my old one. (sale)113.Mike’s classmates aren’t satisfied with him because he is always_____. (honest)答案1.entrance2.citizen3.breath4.skills5.decision6.methods7.dishes8.length9.robberies10.height 11.responsibilities12.service13.heroes14.winner15.society16.happiness17.speech18.effect19.death 20.citizens21.ability22.jokes23.varieties24.length25.policewomen26.inventions27.truth28.robberi es29.action30.operation31.sheep32.beginning33.disadvantage34.strawberries35.pianos36.death37. illness38.amusement39.decision40.choice41.difficulty42.foreigners43.artist44.factories45.solution ter5 plaint57.save58.youngest59.goals60.hers61.asleep62.recently63.helpless64.memorize65.thought66.proofs67.twenties68.themselves69.varieties70.unusual71.indep endent72.succeed73.spotlessly74.opinions75.twenty-fifth76.mine77.variety78.recently79.surprise d80.operate81.independent82.mysteries83.second84.speech85.variety86.seriously87.less88.unawa re89.examine90.fourth91.him92.conclusions93.seriously94.succeed95.variety96.confident97.unha eless103.recently104.speech105.unhealthy106. singer107.length108.fifities109.surveys110.various111.politely112.sell113.dishonest。
湖南省中考英语考点 第二部分 语法专题突破 专题一 名词(含历年真题)(1)
专题一名词考点一名词辨析1. 语境辨析(2013年21题,2011年29题)近几年衡阳中考对名词的考查越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的辨析。
常见的水果饮料类名词、动物植物类名词、蔬菜类名词及一些抽象名词是考查的热点。
解答此类试题要知道不同的名词所表达的具体含义,以及要能辨别它们之间的差异,这就需要学生准确记忆名词词义并在语言环境中学习。
本书开始的2014衡阳中考词汇分类记忆表将常见的词按话题进行分类,可结合此词汇表进行重点记忆。
2. 近义词辨析湖南(衡阳)中考对名词的近义词辨析涉及较少,可根据衡阳考情适当补充词条讲解。
(1)voice, noise与sound(见第一部分P62考点5)(2)family, house与home(见第一部分P29考点9)(3)message, news与information(见第一部分P85考点1)(4)work与job(见第一部分P29考点10)(5)question与problem(见第一部分P28考点3)(6)idea与advice(7)condition, state与situation(8)journey, tour与trip(9)road, street与way(10)chance与opportunity(11)room, place与house(12)cloth, clothing与clothes(13)views, scene与sight(14)race, match, contest与 competition(15)trouble与matter(16)mistake, fault与error(17)force, energy与power考点二名词单复数1. 可数名词变化规则(2011年18题)情况构成方法例词一般情况加-s cake→cakesday→daysstudent→studentsbed→beds以字母s,x, sh,ch等结尾的词加-es bus→busesclass→classeswatch→watches以字母f,fe结尾的词变f,fe为v再加-es leaf→leavesknife→kniveswife→wiveslife→lives以辅音字母+y结尾的词先变y为i,再加-es baby→babiescity→citiescountry→countries以辅音字母+o结尾的词若表示有生命的加-es,若表示无生命的加-stomato→tomatoesphoto→photoshero→heroes不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母woman→womenfoot→feettooth→teeth单复数形式相同fish→fishsheep→sheepdeer→deerChinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanese只有复数形式的名词trousers,glasses,thanks, clothes, goods, chopsticks, people其他形式mouse→micechild→children名词单数变复数口诀1. 复习以-f或fe结尾的名词变复数:leaf half self wife knife shelf wolf thief树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,架后窜出一只狼,就像强盗逃命忙。
2019年湖南省长沙市人教九年级英语中考语法复习一名词、名词所有格(一)
(九年级下册)
备课教师
授课时间
2019年5月20日
第47课时
教学内容
名词/名词所有格(一)
教学目标
掌握名词/名词所有格的用法。
教学重难点
如何运用名词/名词所有格。
教学方法与手段
Practice and explanation.
教学准备
多媒体课件。
名词
(一)名词的分类:名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它分为专有名词和普通名词。
在词尾加-'s
Tony's pen
以-s结尾的名词只加-'
the students' textbooks
不规则复数名词在词尾加-'s
Women's Day
Children's Day
两人共同拥有某物用A and B's
Lucy and Lily's mother
两人分别拥有某物用A's and B's
France
Frenchman
Frenchmen
Germany
German
Germans
America
American
Americans
Australia
Australian
Australians
India
Indian
Indians
Canada
Canadian
Canadians
Italy
Italian
5.表时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时,视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
Ten yearsis(be) a very long time.
名词所有格
中考英语冲刺总复习四 词法湘教版知识精讲
中考英语冲刺总复习四: 词法湘教版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容:中考冲刺总复习四: 词法二、重点、难点:词法及例题讲解三、具体内容及典型例题中考是一种比较激烈的选拔性考试,它承担着为高级中学挑选优秀学生的任务,所以它一定要有必要的难度和区分度,在认真分析了近五年中考原题语法和词汇部分后,下面扼要地总结了中考的重点和考点,帮助广大学生熟悉考试的具体要求和重点,为学生们备战中考提供必要的帮助。
初中生因为刚涉及英语学习,语法方面还没有过多学复合句等问题,中考的考核绝大多数是以词法为主,语法单项选择15道题,涉及句法的题寥寥无几,一般在2道左右。
单项选择增加到20道,考核句法的题也没有超过2道。
这体现了中考英语语法考核重在考查各种词法,强调最基础的学习和积累,为以后的高中学习打下牢固的基本功。
冠词和代词需要注意的问题:例1:The scientists from United States live in Ninth street.A. the……theB. /……theC. /……/D. the……/解析:这是考查冠词的一道典型试题,需要强调的是学生要牢牢记住一些冠词的特殊用法,如普通名词构成专有名词一定要用the 如:the Great wall长城the Shanghai Museum 某某博物馆the New Oriental School 新东方学校。
另外注意零冠词的用法:街道、广场、公园的前面不用任何冠词。
所以这道题选择D。
例2:Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars, ____ of them have set a good example to us .A. allB. neitherC. bothD. none例3:There are many new high-rises on ___ side of Huaihai Road .What a magnificent (宏大的,庄严的,堂皇的)view!A. eitherB. neitherC. bothD. all解析:代词部分尤其是不定代词部分历来是考试的重点。
(英语)中考必备英语名词技巧全解及练习题(含答案)
(英语)中考必备英语名词技巧全解及练习题(含答案)一、初中英语名词1.(.湖南娄底)—Would you like some _______for dinner? —OK.A. tomatosB. tomatoC. tomatoes【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:一晚饭你想吃些西红柿吗?一好的。
some修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数。
tomato是可数名词,变复数直接加es,即tomatoes。
结合句意及选项,故选C。
2.——I'm hungry. May I have something to eat? ——OK. Here's some ________.A. orangeB. breadC. waterD. milk【答案】 B【解析】【点评】句意:——我饿了。
我可以吃一些东西吗?——好的。
这里有一些面包。
A.橙汁;B.面包;C.水;D.牛奶。
根据上句想要吃的东西,而橙汁,水及牛奶都是喝的东西,故排除ACD,故选B。
3.Don't stand too close to North Americans. You'd better give them more personal ___ .A. timeB. systemC. spaceD. pity【答案】 C【解析】【分析】time时间,system系统,space空间,pity遗憾、怜悯,根据前半句Don't stand too close to North Americans.不要和北美人站得太近。
可知后半句意思应为你最好给他们留更多的个人空间.所以应填space空间.故选C。
4.— Have you heard of a cool washing machine called Bicycle Washing Machine?— Yes, it's a new by a group of Chinese university students.A. inventionB. informationC. instructionD. introduction【答案】 A【解析】【分析】考查名词词义辨析。
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英语分类复习练习名词用法详解名词根据词的意义、形态特征及其在句子中的作用,将词分为若干类,叫做词类。
英语的词通常分为10类。
其中名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词为实词,冠词、介词、连词和感叹词为虚词。
Noun n. 名词表示人、事物或地点的名称Alice, boy book, carArticle art. 冠词用在名词前,帮助说明其所指对象a(an), thePronoun pron. 代词代替名词、数词等this, that, I, itmy, yourAdjective a.或adj. 形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征blue, big,beautifulNumeral num. 数词表示数量或顺序first, three Verb v. 动词表示动作或状态be, have, go Adverb ad.或adv. 副词表示动作的特征often, usuallyPreposition prep. 介词表示名词,代词等和其他词之间的关系in, on, atConjunction conj. 连词连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句and, butInterjection int.或interj.感叹词表示说话时的喜悦,惊讶等情感或语气oh, hello英语名词(Noun)可以从形式上进行分类,英语名词可以划分成专有名词和普通名词两大类。
从意义上划分,英语名词可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。
一般来说,个体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns)。
物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
集合名词有的可数,有的不可数。
一、普通名词普通名词指一类人或事物的名称。
英语中普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词一般有单、复数两种形式。
如a/one child, ten children。
而不可数名词一般只有一种形式。
如cash(现金)。
不可数名词之前不可直接用泛指限定词和数词。
不可数名词可与some一起用。
如:some money,some water。
也可与the一起用:the information(这信息)。
(一)可数名词及其复数形式(1)可数名词的复数形式一般由词尾加-s或-es构成,其规则见下表:一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/ maps, books 在浊辅音及元音后读/z/cars, photos 在/t/后读/ts/ cats, students 在/d/后读/dz/ beds, guards 在/dZ/后读/iz/ bridges, ages以字母s, x, ch, sh结尾的词加-es在/s/, /z/, /S/,/tS/后读/iz/classes, brushes以辅音字母+y结尾的词将y改成i,加-es /z/ factories, stories以字母o结尾的词一般加-es /z/ potatoes, tomatoes 少数外来词或缩略词加-s/z/ radios, pianos以字母f或fe结尾的词一般加-s /s/ roofs, chiefs 少数将f, fe, 改为-ves/z/ shelves, knives 有些加-s或改为-ves均可/s/或/z/ scarfs/scarves(2)可数名词复数形式的不规则构成法英语中有一部分名词由于历史或词源原因其复数形式的构成法是不规则的。
这种情况主要有:①元音字母变化。
例如:foot-feet man-men woman-womentooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-mice②结尾为-en。
例如: child-children③单复数同形。
单复数同形的名词主要有:sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, deer等。
④只有复数形式。
例如:trousers, goods 等。
(二)可数名词和不可数名词英语中的绝大多数名词既可以用作可数名词也可以用作不可数名词。
1.可数名词可数名词一般可以分成以下三类:第一类:如bike,desk, factory等,这类名词占可数名词的多数。
以bike为例:There are fifty bikes at this shop.这家商店有50辆自行车。
第二类:如clothes等,本身表示复数形式。
以clothes为例:She cares for nice clothes.她爱好穿着。
2.不可数名词不可数名词的用法特征主要有以下几种:(1)不带冠词的单数形式需用动词单数作谓语。
例如:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
(2)由much,little等词修饰。
例如:They have saved much money for future use.他们存了很多钱以备未来使用。
(3)与表示单位的量词如a piece of等连用。
例如:Go and fetch me a piece of chalk.给我去拿一支粉笔。
要十分注意的是:不可数名词不能与不定冠词或数词直接用在一起。
如不能说a good news, an advice, a hard work等。
不可数名词可以与量词使用构成不同的词组:如: a piece of paper 一张纸 a drop of water 一滴水a 1oaf of bread 一条面包 a bag of money 一袋钱a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶 a pair of shoes 一双鞋二、专有名词专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。
其特点是:第一个字母大写,通常不与冠词连用,无复数形式。
(一)人名英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反,姓在后面,名在前面,姓名前通常不用冠词。
例如:Mary Smith;George Washington。
(1)一般熟人间通常用名称呼。
例如:How’s John getting on? 约翰近来好吗?(2)在不熟悉人之间或表示礼貌时,常把姓和称谓连用。
例如:Would you please tell John Smith to come to the office? 请你告诉约翰·史密斯到办公室来一次好吗?(3)姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人。
例如:The Turners have gone to America.特纳一家人去美国了。
(二)地名(1)大部分单数形式的地名不用定冠词。
例如:Asia;America;China; London;Shanghai(2)大部分单数形式的湖、岛、山名前不加定冠词。
例如:.Silver Lake;Mount Tai(3)山脉、群岛、海洋、河流、运河、海湾、海峡、半岛、沙漠名前一般加定冠词。
例如:the Pacific;the English Channel;the Sahara(三)日期名(1)节日名前通常不用冠词。
例如: Christmas;National Day(2)星期名前通常不用冠词。
例如: Sunday;Tuesday(3)月份名前通常不用冠词。
例如: April;December三、名词所有格名词所有格是指一个名词与另一个名词之间存在所有关系时所用的形式。
其构成有两种:一种是由名词末尾加’s构成;另一种由介词of加名词构成。
前者多用来表示有生命的东西;后者多用来表示无生命的东西。
例如:Children’s Palace 少年宫Tom’s bike 汤姆的自行车the title of the book 书名the legs of the table 桌子的腿(一)所有格形式的构成(1)单数名词后加’s,其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同。
例如:the girl’s father 女孩的父亲(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加’。
例如:two hours’ walk 两个小时的步行(3)不以s结尾的复数名词后加’s。
例如:the children’s holiday 孩子们的节日(4)以s结尾的人名,可以加’s,也可加’号。
例如:Thomas’s brother 托马斯的兄弟Charles’s job 查尔斯的工作(5)表示各自的所有关系,不是共有的,则要分别在名词末尾加’s,如:John’s and Mary’s rooms 约翰和玛丽各人的房间若表示共有的,则在最后一个名词的末尾加’s,如:John and Mary’s room 约翰和玛丽合住的房间(二)’s所有格的用法’s所有格常表示有生命的东西,但也可表示无生命的东西。
例如:(1)表示时间:today’s newspaper 今天的报纸(2)表示自然现象:the moon’s rays 月光(3)表示国家、城市机构:Shanghai’s industry 上海的工业(4)表示度量衡及价值:twenty dollars’ value 20美元的价值five miles’ distance 5英里的距离(三)’s所有格所表示的关系1.表示所有关系可分为可分割的所有关系和不可分割的所有关系。
可分割的所有关系通常指身外之物,一般不可用of 表示。
例如:John’s pen(John has a pen)约翰的钢笔不可说:a pen of John但不可分割的所有关系,指自身拥有的不可分割的东西可用’s也可用of表示。
例如:Mary’s hands(Mary has two hands)玛丽的手可以说:the hands of Mary2.表示主谓关系the doctor’s advice(The doctor advised)医生的建议his mother’s request(His mother requested)他母亲的请求3.表示动宾关系Tom’s failure 汤姆的失败children’s education 年轻一代的教育4.表示同位语关系(通常用of表示)the city of Rome罗马城the city of Pairs巴黎城四、复习时需要注意的要点(1)有些名词形式像复数,但含义是单数,而有些名词是没有单数形式的,应注意谓语动词的选用。
例如:a.Maths is the language of science.b.No news is good news.c.The Chinese people are a great people.(2)在“there be”的句子中,谓语动词的数应和它最近的主语的数相一致.例如:a.There are two pictures on the wall.b.There is a cat and two dogs in the garden.(3) 不规则名词的复数形式①改变单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式。