经济学原理对应练习 21
《经济学原理》习题(附答案)
《经济学原理》习题（附答案）1、下列哪一种弹性是度量沿着需求曲线的移动而不是曲线本身的移动（）。
A、需求的价格弹性B、需求的收入弹性C、需求的预期价格弹性D、需求的交叉弹性答案：A2、总利润达到最大是在( )。
A、TR=TC 处B、TR 曲线和 TC 曲线斜率平行C、TR 曲线和 TC 曲线斜率平行且 TC 超过 TR 处D、TR 曲线和 TC 曲线斜率平行,且 TR 超过 TC 处答案：D3、在下面各种情况下，厂商不能够实现生产要素最优组合的是（）。
A、在某点的要素的边际技术替代率等于要素价格之比B、在扩展线上任何一点扩大生产时C、两种要素的价格之比等于两种要素的边际产量之比D、等成本线与某一条等产量线的相交点答案：D4、生产者预期某物品未来价格要下降，则对该物品当前的供给会（）。
A、增加B、不变C、减少D、上述三种情况都可能答案：A5、在统计中,社会保险税增加对( )项有影响。
A、国民收入NIB、国内生产总值GDPC、个人收入PID、国内生产净值NDP答案：C6、如果厂商在短期内供应量既定，则该商品的价格（）。
A、仅由市场需求曲线决定B、仅由市场供给曲线决定C、由市场需求曲线和供给曲线共同决定D、以上任一条都不能决定答案：A7、按国民收入核算体系,在一个只有家庭、企业和政府构成的三部门经济中,一定有( )。
A、家庭储蓄加折旧等于总投资加政府购买支出B、家庭储蓄加税收等于总投资加政府购买支出C、家庭储蓄等于总投资D、家庭储蓄等于净投资答案：B8、微观经济学是经济学的一个分支，主要研究（）。
A、市场经济B、个体行为C、总体经济活动D、失业和通货膨胀等答案：B9、劳动（L）的总产量下降时（）。
A、MPL为负B、APL是递增的C、APL为零D、MPL为零答案：A10、基数效用与序数效用的主要差别在于两种商品的( )。
A、边际替代率是否不变B、边际替代率是否递增C、效用是否可加D、边际替代率是否递减答案：C11、稀缺资源的含义是指（）。
经济学原理习题含答案
第1章绪论一、单项选择题1．经济学可定义为（C ）A、政府对市场制度的干预B、企业取得利润的活动C、研究如何最合理地配置稀缺资源于诸多用途D、人们靠收入生活2．经济学研究的基本问题是（ D ）A、怎样生产B、生产什么，生产多少C、为谁生产D、以上都包括3．说“资源是稀缺的”是指（ B ）A、世界上大多数人生活在贫困中B、相对于资源的需求而言,资源总是不足的C、资源必须保留给下一代D、世界上资源最终将由于生产更多的物品和劳务而消耗光4．人们在进行决策时，必须作出某种选择，这是因为（ B ）A、选择会导致短缺B、人们在进行决策时面临的资源是有限的C、人是自私的，所作出的选择会实现自身利益的最大化D、个人对市场的影响是微不足道的5．下列问题（ C ）是经济学研究不会涉及的问题A、在稀缺资源约束条件下，实现资源有效配置的方法B、如何实现中国人均收入翻两番C、中国传统文化的现代化问题D、充分就业和物价水平的稳定6．一国生产可能性曲线以内的一点表示（ B ）A、通货膨胀B、失业或资源没有被充分利用C、该国可利用的资源减少以及技术水平降低D、一种生产品最适度水平7．下列各项中（ C ）会导致一国生产可能性曲线向外移动A、失业B、通货膨胀C、有用性资源增加或技术进步D、消费品生产增加，资本物品生产下降8．下列命题中（ C ）不是实证经济学命题A、1982年8月联储把贴现率降到10%B、1981年失业率超过9%C、联邦所得税对中等收入家庭是不公平D、社会保险税的课税依据已超过30 000美元9．下列（ B ）是规范经济学的说法A、医生挣的钱比蓝领工人多B、收入分配中有太多的不公平现象C、从1999年开始，中国的物价水平基本保持稳定状态，这一现象也许会保持到2005年D、如果在20世纪80年代中期你购买了微软公司的1000股股票，现在你愿意出售的话，你肯定赚不少钱10．由市场配置资源意味着（ B ）A、所有的人都会得到他想要的东西B、资源的配置是由市场机制实现的C、政府能够决定谁获得多少消费品D、要得到急需的物品你只能“走后门”11．西方学者认为现代美国经济是一种（ C ）A、完全的自由放任经济制度B、严格的计划经济制度C、混合资本主义市场经济制度D、自给自足制度二、判断正误1．只有落后国家才存在资源的稀缺性和供给的短缺现象。
(完整word版)《经济学原理》练习题、答案
《经济学原理》总目录第一篇导论第一章导论第二篇微观经济理论第二章需求、供给与均衡第三章消费者行为理论第四章生产者行为理论第五章产品市场理论第六章生产要素理论第七章微观经济政策第三篇宏观经济理论第八章国民收入的核算与决定理论第九章失业与通货膨胀理论第十章经济周期与经济增长理论第十一章宏观经济政策第十二章开放经济第一章导论一、单项选择1、作为经济学的两个组成部分，微观经济学与宏观经济学是（）A．互相对立的B．没有任何联系的C．相互补充的D．部分联系的2、古典经济学家亚当·斯密所谓的“看不见的手”是指（）A．技术B．信息C．价格D．行政命令3、经济学研究的基本问题是（）A．生产什么B．如何生产C．为谁生产D．以上都是4、资源的稀缺性是指（）。
A．世界上的资源最终会由于人们生产更多的物品而消耗光B．相对于人们无穷的欲望而言，资源总是不足的C．生产某种物品所需资源的绝对数量很少D．由于存在资源浪费而产生的稀缺5、微观经济学解决的问题是（）。
A．资源配置B．资源利用C．市场出清D．完全理性6、宏观经济学的中心理论是（）。
A．失业理论B．通货膨胀理论C．国民收入决定理论D．经济增长理论7、关于实证经济学与规范经济学说法正确的是（）A．两者并不是绝对相互排斥的，而应当是相互补充的。
B．规范经济学是以实证经济学为基础，而实证经济学则是以规范经济学作为指导的。
C．一般来说，越是具体的问题，实证的成分越多，而越是高层次的、决策性的问题，就越具有规范性。
D．以上说法都对二、多项选择1、微观经济学的主要内容包括（）A．体格决定理论B．消费者行为理论C．生产者行为理论D．市场理论和分配理论等2、宏观经济学的基本内容有（）A．宏观经济政策B．经济周期与增长理论C．国民收入决定理论D．失业与通货膨胀理论3、下列关于资源稀缺性的正确的说法有（）A．资源稀缺性是相对于欲望的无限性而言的B．地球上的资源本来就少C．资源稀缺性存在于世界各地D．资源稀缺性存在于人类历史的各个时期三、判断题1、资源的稀缺性决定了资源可以得到充分的利用，不会出现资源浪费的现象。
《经济学原理》练习题库与参考答案
《经济学原理》练习题库与参考答案一、单选题（共60题，每题1分，共60分）1、同一条无差异曲线上的不同点表示（）。
A、效用水平相同，但所消费的两种商品的组合比例不同B、效用水平不同，但所消费的两种商品组合比例相同C、效用水平不同，两种商品的组合比例也不相同D、效用水平相同，两种商品的组合比例也相同正确答案：A2、现在资源不能充分满足人的欲望这一事实被称为（）。
A、资源的浪费B、资源的配置问题C、欲望的无限性D、稀缺性正确答案：D3、序数效用论认为，商品效用的大小（）。
A、可以比较B、取决于它的使用价值C、不可比较D、取决于它的价格正确答案：A4、长期总供给曲线会移动，不是其原因的有（）。
A、储蓄变动B、技术知识变动C、资本变动D、劳动变动正确答案：A5、商业银行向中央银行要求增加贴现是为了（）。
A、增加贷款B、减少吸收存款C、增加储备D、以上都有可能正确答案：C6、在经济过热时、政府应该采取（）的财政政策（）。
A、减少税收B、扩大财政赤字C、增加财政支出D、减少政府财政支出正确答案：D7、消费者预期某物品未来价格要上升，则对该物品的当前需求会( )。
A、减少B、增加C、不变D、以上三种情况都有可能正确答案：B8、中周期的时间大约为（）。
A、5-6年B、9-10年C、20年左右D、3-4年正确答案：B9、扩张性货币政策的效应是（）。
A、价格水平下降，总需求增加B、同一价格水平上的总需求增加C、总需求增加D、价格水平提高正确答案：B10、养蜂者的工作会对果园生产产生（）。
A、消费的外部不经济B、生产的外部不经济C、消费的外部经济D、生产的外部经济正确答案：D11、在垂直总供给曲线区域，决定价格的主导力量是（）。
A、需求B、技术C、产出D、供给正确答案：A12、短期总供给曲线向右上方倾斜的一种解释认为，这是因为物价总水平的变动会暂时误导供给者对自己出售的产品的个别市场发生的事情的看法，这是（）。
A、黏性工资理论B、黏性价格理论C、错觉理论D、以上都不是正确答案：C13、政府对物品与劳务购买的减少使得总需求曲线（）。
《经济学原理》习题+参考答案
《经济学原理》习题+参考答案一、单选题（共60题，每题1分，共60分）1、经济周期中的萧条阶段的特征是（）。
A、国民收入与经济活动高于正常水平B、国民收入与经济活动等于正常水平C、国民收入与经济活动低于正常水平D、生产迅速增加，投资增加，信用扩张正确答案：C2、财政政策是指（）。
A、周期性变动的预算B、为使政府收支相抵的手段C、政府管理价格的手段D、利用税收、支出和债务管理等政策来实现宏观经济目标正确答案：D3、按货币单位衡量的变量（）。
A、名义GDPB、名义汇率C、名义利率D、名义变量正确答案：D4、按实物单位衡量的变量（）。
A、真实GDPB、真实利率C、真实汇率D、真实变量正确答案：D5、在以下四种情况下，可称为通货膨胀的是（）。
A、一种物品或几种物品的价格水平上升而且持续了一定时期B、物价总水平的上升持续了一个星期后又下降了C、物价总水平上升而且持续了一定时期D、物价总水平下降而且持续了一定时期正确答案：C6、当消费者对商品X的消费达到饱和点时，则边际效用MUx为（）。
A、正值B、不确定C、零D、负值正确答案：C7、要缓和结构性失业，应该实行（）。
A、人力政策B、财政政策C、收入政策D、货币政策正确答案：A8、中央银行在公开市场卖出政府债券是企图（）。
A、减少流通中基础货币以紧缩货币供给B、收集一笔资金帮助政府弥补财政赤字C、通过买卖债券获得差价利益D、减少商业银行在中央银行的存款正确答案：D9、公共产品具有以下哪个特征（）。
A、排他性B、竞争性C、非排他性和非竞争性D、以上全对正确答案：C10、在总需求不变时，短期总供给的增加会引起 ( )。
A、国民收入减少，价格水平下降B、国民收入增加，价格水平上升C、国民收入减少，价格水平上升D、国民收入增加，价格水平下降正确答案：D11、投资乘数等于（）。
A、收入变化除以投资变化B、投资变化除以收入变化C、MPC的倒数D、1-MPS的倒数正确答案：D12、下面哪一项不是政府职能（）A、在市场上决定产品的价格B、提供公共物品C、用行政与法律手段解决市场失灵D、对自然垄断实行价格管制正确答案：A13、货币数量论认为，可得到的（）决定物价水平。
经济学原理课后习题及答案
经济学原理课后习题及答案经济学原理课后习题及答案经济学原理课是大学经济学专业的基础课程之一，通过学习这门课程，学生可以了解经济学的基本原理和理论，培养经济分析和决策能力。
在课程学习过程中，老师通常会布置一些习题作为课后作业，以检验学生对课程内容的理解和掌握程度。
下面是一些经济学原理课后习题及答案的示例。
1. 供给和需求习题：假设某种商品的市场供给曲线为Qs = 100 + 2P，市场需求曲线为Qd = 200 - P，求市场均衡价格和数量。
答案：市场均衡价格和数量可以通过供给和需求曲线的交点来确定。
将供给和需求方程联立，得到100 + 2P = 200 - P，解得P = 33.33。
将P代入供给或需求方程中，得到Qs = 100 + 2 * 33.33 = 166.67，Qd = 200 - 33.33 = 166.67。
因此，市场均衡价格为33.33，市场均衡数量为166.67。
2. 边际效用习题：某人消费3个苹果的总效用为20，消费4个苹果的总效用为25，求第4个苹果的边际效用。
答案：边际效用是指消费一单位商品所带来的额外效用。
根据题意，当消费3个苹果时，总效用为20；当消费4个苹果时，总效用为25。
因此，第4个苹果带来的额外效用为25 - 20 = 5。
3. 机会成本习题：某人有两个选择：A和B。
选择A可以获得100元，但放弃选择B可以获得200元。
求选择A的机会成本。
答案：机会成本是指选择某个方案所放弃的最高价值的替代方案。
在这个例子中，选择A可以获得100元，但放弃选择B可以获得200元。
因此，选择A的机会成本为200元。
4. 生产可能性边界习题：某国家只生产两种商品：A和B。
生产一个单位的A需要消耗2个单位的劳动力，生产一个单位的B需要消耗3个单位的劳动力。
该国家有100个单位的劳动力。
画出该国家的生产可能性边界。
答案：生产可能性边界是指在资源有限的情况下，一个国家或企业所能生产的各种商品组合。
经济学原理练习题(双修班)
经济学原理练习题（财管双修班专用）第一章导论单选题：1．经济物品是指( )A．有用的物品B．稀缺的物品C．要用钱购买的物品D．有用且稀缺的物品2.一国生产可能性曲线以内一点表示( )A．通货膨胀B．失业或者说资源没有被充分利用C．该国可能利用的资源减少以及技术水平降低D．一种生产品最适度产出水平3.生产可能性曲线说明的基本原理是( )A．一国资源总能被充分利用；B．假定所有经济资源能得到充分利用，则只有减少Y物品生产才能增加X物品的生产C．改进技术引起生产可能性曲线向内移动D．经济能力增长唯一决定于劳动力数量4.下列命题中哪一个不是实证分析命题？( )A．1982年8月联储把贴现率降到10％B．1981年失业率超过9％C．联邦所得税对中等收入家庭是不公平的D．社会保险税的课税依据现在已超过30000美元5.以下问题中哪一个不属微观经济学所考察的问题？( )A．一个厂商的产出水平B．失业率的上升或下降C．联邦货物税的高税率对货物销售的影响D．某一行业中雇佣工人的数量6. 经济学家提出模型的主要理由是( )A．一个模型为验证一种假设所必需B一个模型可帮助弄清和组织对一个论点的思考过程C．一个模型为决定一个指数所必需D．只有模型中才可使用实际变量7.微观经济学是经济学的一个分支，主要研究( )。
A.市场经济B.个体行为C.总体经济活动D.失业和通货膨胀等8.宏观经济学是经济学的一个分支，主要研究( )。
A.计划经济B.经济总体状况，如失业与通货膨胀C.不发达国家经济增长D.计算机产业的价格决定问题9.实证经济学( )。
A.关注应该是什么B.主要研究是什么，为什么，将来如何C. 不能提供价值判断的依据D.对事物进行价值判断10.下列哪一项会导致生产可能线向外移动( )。
A.失业B.通货膨胀C.有用性资源增加或技术进步D.消费品生产增加，资本品生产下降11.人们在经济资源的配置和利用中要进行选择的根本原因在于（）。
《经济学原理》模拟练习题及参考答案
《经济学原理》模拟练习题及参考答案一、单选题（共60题，每题1分，共60分）1、若某个产量的长期平均成本等于短期平均成本，但高于长期边际成本, 则可推断（）。
A、规模报酬处于递减阶段B、长期平均成本正在下降C、短期平均成本最小D、短期边际成本等于长期边际成本正确答案：B2、下列命题不属于实证分析的是（）oA、过去几个月，甲国失业率有所下降B、甲国目前的失业率是3%C、甲国的高失业率是有很多因素造成的D、失业率应该降到8%正确答案：D3、市场机制导致资源配置低效率或无效率是（）oA、市场垄断B、市场调节C、市场竞争D、市场失灵正确答案：D4、如果在厂商的短期均衡产量上,AR小于SAC,但大于AVC,则厂商（）。
A、亏损,立即停产B、亏损,但继续生产C、亏损、生产或不生产都可以D、获得正常利润,继续生产正确答案：B5、消费者剩余是消费者的（）。
A、实际所得B、消费剩余部分C、主观感受D、没有购买的部分正确答案：C6、预算线向右上方平行移动的原因是（）。
A、商品X的价格下降了B、商品Y的价格下降了C、商品X和Y的价格按同样的比率下降D、以上都不对正确答案：C7、在其他条件不变,增加自主性净税收会引起（）。
A、国民收入增加66B、国民收入减少C、国民收入不变D、以上几种情况都可能发生正确答案：B8、当一个完全竞争行业实现长期均衡时,每个企业（）。
A、都实现了正常利润B、利润都为零C、行业中没有任何厂商再进出D、以上说法都对正确答案：D9、从几何意义上看,边际替代率是（）上某一点切线斜率的绝对值。
A、预算约束线B、等产量曲线C、无差异曲线D、等成本曲线正确答案：C10、预算线上每一点所反映的可能购买的商品的数量组合是（）。
A、相同的B、不同的C、在某种场合下相同D、以上三者都不对正确答案：BIK下列命题中哪一个不是实证分析命题？（）A、1982年8月联储把贴现率降到10%B、1981年失业率超过9%C、联邦所得税对中等收入家庭是不公平的D、社会保险税的课税依据现在已超过30000美元正确答案：C12、下列哪类商品的需求价格弹性最大？（）A、名牌女包B、食盐、饮用水等生活必需品C、轮椅、特大号鞋等专用商品D、牙膏、香皂等日常用品正确答案：A13、菲利普斯曲线说明（）。
经济学原理--习题及答案
经济学原理-习题及答案经济学原理习题及答案1引论一、选择正确答案1. 经济学可定义为（）。
A. 企业赚取利润的活动B. 研究人们如何依靠收入生活的问题C. 研究稀缺资源如何有效配置的问题D. 政府对市场制度的干预2. “资源是稀缺”指的是（）。
A. 世界上的资源最终将被消耗尽B. 资源是不可再生的C. 资源必须留给下一代D. 相对于需求而言，资源总是不足的3. 一个经济体系必须回答的基本问题是（）。
A. 生产什么，生产多少B.如何生产C. 为谁生产D.以上都包括4.下列属于规范分析表述的是（）。
A.鼓励私人购买汽车有利于促进我国汽车工业的发展B. 随着收入水平的提高，拥有汽车的人会越来越多C. 由于我国居民收入水平低，大多数人还买不起汽车D. 个人汽车拥有量的增多，给我国居民的出行带来交通隐患5.下列属于实证分析表述的是（）。
A. 治理通货膨胀比减少失业更重要B. 通货膨胀对经济发展有利C. 通货膨胀对经济发展不利D. 只有控制货币量才能抑制通货膨胀答案：1.C; 2.D ； 3.D ； 4.B ； 5.A 。
二、分析讨论1. 如何理解西方经济学是一门考察稀缺的资源合理配置的科学。
答：西方经济学认为，人类的欲望和由此引起的对物品和劳务的需要是无限多样的，可是用来满足这些无限需要的手段即用来提供这些物品和劳务的生产资源是稀缺的。
这样，就产生了如何分配使用这些有限的资源来满足无限需要的问题，这就是“选择”，也就是“配置”资源的问题。
人类社会面临的经济问题就是如何把有限的资源合理地和有效率地分配使用于各种途径以满足人类无限多样的需要。
在市场经济中，资源的配置是通过市场价格机制来实现的。
生产什么、生产多少、如何生产、为谁生产，都是由市场价格决定的。
假若人类能无限量地生产出各种物品，或者人类的欲望能够完全得到满足，即在这样一个丰裕的伊甸园里，不存在稀缺物品，所有的物品都是免费的，像沙漠中的沙和海岸边的海水，价格和市场互不相关，那么经济学就无须存在了。
《经济学原理》习题库(含答案)
《经济学原理》习题库（含答案）1、下列哪一项不直接列入国内生产总值的核算( )。
A、经纪人为一座旧房买卖收取的一笔佣金B、出口到国外的一批货物C、企业购入新的生产设备D、政府给贫困家庭发放的一笔救济金答案：D2、下列计入国民生产总值的有( )。
A、拍卖名画的收入B、出售股票的收入C、为别人提供服务所得到的收入D、家庭成员进行家务劳动折算成的货币收入答案：C3、潜在 GDP 是指( )。
A、一国居民在一定特定时期内的总收入,包括居民从国外取得的收入,但不包括支付给国外的报酬B、一国居民在一定特定时期内生产的所有商品和服务的货币价值总和减去折旧的部分C、一国居民在一定特定时期内生产的所有商品和服务的货币价值根据价格变化调整过的数值总和D、如果所有资源得到充分利用的情况下一国居民在一定特定时期内所能生产的商品和服务的货币价值总和答案：D4、下列四种商品中哪种商品需求的价格弹性最小（）。
A、衣服B、食盐C、化妆品D、小汽车答案：B5、民航机票经常价格大幅波动说明飞机旅行需求（）。
A、缺乏收入弹性B、单位弹性C、价格弹性不足D、富有价格弹性答案：D6、当边际收益递减规律发生作用时，总可变成本（TVC）曲线（）。
A、以一递减的速率上升B、以一递增的速率下降C、以一递减的速率下降D、以一递增的速率上升答案：D7、下列哪个说法是错误的( )。
A、GDP 和 GNP 都是流量指标B、GDP 是地域概念,GNP 是国民概念C、GDP 和 GNP 是同一概念,没有区别D、GDP 和 GNP 均是以市场价值计算的答案：C8、若需求曲线为正双曲线，则商品价格的上升将引起买者在商品上的总花费（）。
A、减少B、不变C、增加D、上述均可能答案：B9、已知消费者的收入是 100 元,商品 X 的价格时 10 元,商品 Y 的价格是 5 元。
假定他打算购买 7 单位的 X 和 6 单位的 Y,这是商品 X 和 Y 的边际效用分别是50.和 20。
经济学原理对应练习题及答案(英文版)
1. T he word that comes from the Greek word for "one who managesa household" isa. market.b. consumer.c. producer.d. economy.2. T he word “economy” comes from the Greek word oikonomos,which meansa. “environment.”b. “production.”c. “one who manages a household.”d. “one who makes decisions.”3. R esources area. scarce for households but plentiful for economies.b. plentiful for households but scarce for economies.c. scarce for households and scarce for economies.d. plentiful for households and plentiful for economies.4. E conomics deals primarily with the concept ofa. scarcity.b. poverty.c. change.d. power.5. W hich of the following questions is not answered by thedecisions that every society must make?a. What determines consumer preferences?b. What goods will be produced?c. Who will produce the goods?d. Who will consume the goods?6. T he overriding reason as to why households and societies facemany decisions is that2 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economicsa. resources are scarce.b. goods and services are not scarce.c. incomes fluctuate with business cycles.d. people, by nature, tend to disagree.7. T he phenomenon of scarcity stems from the fact thata. most economies’production methods are not very good.b. in most economies, wealthy people consumedisproportionate quantities of goods and services.c. governments restricts production of too many goods andservices.d. resources are limited.8. A pproximately what percentage of the world's economiesexperience scarcity?a. 25%b. 50%c. 75%d. 100%9. W hen a society cannot produce all the goods and servicespeople wish to have, it is said that the economy isexperiencinga. scarcity.b. shortages.c. inefficiencies.d. inequities.10. F or society, a good is not scarce ifa. at least one individual in society can obtain all he orshe wants of the good.b. firms are producing the good at full capacity.c. all members of society can have all they want of thegood.Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 3d. those who have enough income can buy all they want ofthe good.11. W hich of the following products would be considered scarce?a. golf clubsb. Picasso paintingsc. applesd. All of the above are correct.12. E conomics is the study ofa. production methods.b. how society manages its scarce resources.c. how households decide who performs which tasks.d. the interaction of business and government.14. I n most societies, resources are allocated bya. a single central planner.b. a small number of central planners.c. those firms that use resources to provide goods andservices.d. the combined actions of millions of households andfirms.15. T he adage, "There is no such thing as a free lunch," is usedto illustrate the principle thata. goods are scarce.b. people face tradeoffs.(to get something we like, weusually have to give up another thing we like)c. income must be earned.d. households face many decisions.18. W hich of the following statements best represents theprinciple represented by the adage, "There is no such thing as a free lunch"?4 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economicsa. Melissa can attend the concert only if she takes hersister with her.b. Greg is hungry and homeless.c. Brian must repair the tire on his bike before he can rideit to class.d. Kendra must decide between going to Colorado or Cancunfor spring break.19. T he principle that "people face tradeoffs" applies toa. individuals.b. families.c. societies.d. All of the above are correct.20. A typical society strives to get the most it can from itsscarce resources. At the same time, the society attempts to distribute the benefits of those resources to the members of the society in a fair manner. In other words, the society facesa tradeoff betweena. guns and butter.b. efficiency and equity.c. inflation and unemployment.d. work and leisure.21. G uns and butter are used to represent the classic societaltradeoff between spending ona. durable and nondurable goods.b. imports and exports.c. national defense and consumer goods.d. law enforcement and agriculture.22. W hen society requires that firms reduce pollution, there isa. a tradeoff because of reduced incomes to the firms'owners and workers.b. a tradeoff only if some firms are forced to close.Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 5c. no tradeoff, since the cost of reducing pollution fallsonly on the firms affected by the requirements.d. no tradeoff, since everyone benefits from reducedpollution.23. A tradeoff exists between a clean environment and a higherlevel of income in thata. studies show that individuals with higher levels ofincome actually pollute less than low-income individuals.b. efforts to reduce pollution typically are notcompletely successful.c. laws that reduce pollution raise costs of production andreduce incomes.d. by employing individuals to clean up pollution,employment and income both rise.24. W hich of the following phrases best captures the notion ofefficiency?a. absolute fairnessb. equal distributionc. minimum wasted. equitable outcome25. W hich of the following is true?a. Efficiency refers to the size of the economic pie;equity refers to how the pie is divided.b. Government policies usually improve upon both equityand efficiency.c. As long as the economic pie continually gets larger, noone will have to go hungry.d. Efficiency and equity can both be achieved if theeconomic pie is cut into equal pieces.26. E fficiency means that6 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economicsa. society is conserving resources in order to save themfor the future.b. society's goods and services are distributed equallyamong society's members.c. society's goods and services are distributed fairly,though not necessarily equally, among society's members.d. society is getting the maximum benefits from its scarceresources.27. E conomists use the word equity to describe a situation inwhicha. each member of society has the same income.b. each member of society has access to abundant quantitiesof goods and services, regardless of his or her income.c. society is getting the maximum benefits from its scarceresources.d. the benefits of society's resources are distributedfairly among society's members.28. S enator Smith wants to increase taxes on people with highincomes and use the money to help the poor. Senator Jones argues that such a tax will discourage successful people from working and will therefore make society worse off. Aneconomist would say thata. we should agree with Senator Smith.b. we should agree with Senator Jones.c. a good decision requires that we recognize bothviewpoints.d. there are no tradeoffs between equity and efficiency.29. W hich of the following words and phrases best captures thenotion of equity?a. minimum wasteb. maximum benefitChapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 7c. samenessd. fairnessANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Equity MSC: Definitional30. W hen government policies are enacted,a. equity can usually be enhanced without an efficiencyloss, but efficiency can never be enhanced without an equity loss.b. efficiency can usually be enhanced without an equityloss, but equity can never be enhanced without an efficiency loss.c. it is always the case that either efficiency andfairness are both enhanced, or efficiency and equity are both diminished.d. None of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Applicative31. A likely effect of government policies that redistributeincome and wealth from the wealthy to the poor is that those policiesa. enhance equity.b. reduce efficiency.c. reduce the reward for working hard.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Interpretive8 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics32. W hen the government implements programs such as progressiveincome tax rates, which of the following is likely to occur?a. Equity is increased and efficiency is increased.b. Equity is increased and efficiency is decreased.c. Equity is decreased and efficiency is increased.d. Equity is decreased and efficiency is decreased. ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Interpretive33. A s a result of a successful attempt by government to cut theeconomic pie into more equal slices,a. it is easier to cut the pie, and therefore the economycan produce a larger pie.b. the government can more easily allocate the pie to thosemost in need.c. the pie gets smaller, and there will be less pie overall.d. government will spend too much time cutting and itcauses the economy to lose the ability to produce enough pie for everyone.ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Analytical34. W hen the government attempts to improve equity in an economythe result is oftena. an increase in overall output in the economy.b. additional government revenue since overall income willincrease.c. a reduction in equity.d. a reduction in efficiency.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: InterpretiveChapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 935. W hen the government redistributes income from the wealthy tothe poor,a. efficiency is improved, but equity is not.b. both wealthy people and poor people benefit directly.c. people work less and produce fewer goods and services.d. wealthy people consume fewer goods, but poor peopleconsume more goods, resulting in no real change.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Interpretive36. I n economics, the cost of something isa. the dollar amount of obtaining it.b. always measured in units of time given up to get it.c. what you give up to get it.d. often impossible to quantify, even in principle. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Definitional37. W hat you give up to obtain an item is called youra. opportunity cost.b. explicit cost.c. true cost.d. direct cost.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Definitional10 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics38. T he opportunity cost of going to college isa. the total spent on food, clothing, books,transportation, tuition, lodging, and other expenses.b. the value of the best opportunity a student gives up toattend college.c. zero for students who are fortunate enough to have allof their college expenses paid by someone else.d. zero, since a college education will allow a student toearn a larger income after graduation.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretive39. M aurice receives $100 as a birthday gift. In deciding how tospend the money, he narrows his options down to four choices: Option A, Option B, Option C, and Option D. Each option costs $100. Finally he decides on Option B. The opportunity cost of this decision isa. the value to Maurice of the option he would have chosenhad Option B not been available.b. the value to Maurice of Options A, C and D combined.c. $100.d. $300.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative40. A furniture maker currently produces 100 tables per week andsells them for a profit. She is considering expanding her operation in order to make more tables. Should she expand?a. Yes, because making tables is profitable.b. No, because she may not be able to sell the additionaltables.c. It depends on the marginal cost of producing more tablesand the marginal revenue she will earn from selling more tables.d. It depends on the average cost of producing more tablesand the average revenue she will earn from selling more tables.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Applicative41. F or most students, the largest single cost of a collegeeducation isa. the wages given up to attend school.b. tuition, fees, and books.c. room and board.d. transportation, parking, and entertainment.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretive42. F or a college student who wishes to calculate the true costsof going to college, the costs of room and boarda. should be counted in full, regardless of the costs ofeating and sleeping elsewhere.b. should be counted only to the extent that they are moreexpensive at college than elsewhere.c. usually exceed the opportunity cost of going to college.d. plus the cost of tuition, equals the opportunity costof going to college.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative43. F or which of the following individuals would the opportunitycost of going to college be highest?a. a promising young mathematician who will command a highsalary once she earns her college degreeb. a student with average grades who has never held a jobc. a famous, highly-paid actor who wants to take time awayfrom show business to finish college and earn a degreed. a student who is the best player on his collegebasketball team, but who lacks the skills necessary to play professional basketballANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative44. W hen you calculate your true costs of going to college, whatportion of your room-and-board expenses should be included?a. Your full room-and-board expenses should always beincluded.b. None of your room-and-board expenses should ever beincluded.c. You should include only the amount by which yourroom-and-board expenses exceed the income you earn while attending college.d. You should include only the amount by which yourroom-and-board expenses exceed the expenses for rent and food if you were not in college.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative45. T he opportunity cost of an item isa. the number of hours needed to earn money to buy the item.b. what you give up to get that item.c. usually less than the dollar value of the item.d. the dollar value of the item.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Definitional46. M allory decides to spend three hours working overtime ratherthan watching a video with her friends. She earns $8 an hour.Her opportunity cost of working isa. the $24 she earns working.b. the $24 minus the enjoyment she would have received fromwatching the video.c. the enjoyment she would have received had she watchedthe video.d. nothing, since she would have received less than $24 ofenjoyment from the video.ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative47. R ussell spends an hour studying instead of playing tennis.The opportunity cost to him of studying isa. the improvement in his grades from studying for thehour.b. the improvement in his grades from studying minus theenjoyment of playing tennis.c. the enjoyment and exercise he would have received hadhe played tennis.d. zero. Since Russell chose to study rather than to playtennis, the value of studying must have been greater than the value of playing tennis.ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative48. C ollege-age athletes who drop out of college to playprofessional sportsa. are not rational decision makers.b. are well aware that their opportunity cost of attendingcollege is very high.c. are concerned more about present circumstances thantheir future.d. underestimate the value of a college education. ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretive49. A rational decisionmakera. ignores marginal changes and focuses instead on “thebig picture.”b. ignores the likely effects of government policies whenhe or she makes choices.c. takes an action only if the marginal benefit of thataction exceeds the marginal cost of that action.d. takes an action only if the combined benefits of thataction and previous actions exceed the combined costs of that action and previous actions.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Interpretive50. R ational people make decisions at the margin bya. following marginal traditions.b. behaving in a random fashion.c. thinking in black-and-white terms.d. comparing marginal costs and marginal benefits. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Interpretive51. T he word "margin" meansa. edge.b. distance.c. space.d. measure.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Definitional52. M aking rational decisions "at the margin" means that peoplea. make those decisions that do not impose a marginal cost.b. evaluate how easily a decision can be reversed ifproblems arise.c. compare the marginal costs and marginal benefits of eachdecision.d. always calculate the marginal dollar costs for eachdecision.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Interpretive53. A person’s willingness to pay for a good is based ona. the availability of the good.b. the marginal benefit that an extra unit of the good wouldprovide for that person.c. the marginal cost of producing an extra unit of the good.d. esoteric factors, the study of which lies beyond theboundaries of economics.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Interpretive54. T o say that "people respond to incentives" is to say thata. changes in costs (but not changes in benefits) influencepeople's decisions and their behavior.b. changes in benefits (but not changes in costs) influencepeople's decisions and their behavior.c. changes in benefits or changes in costs influencepeople's decisions and their behavior.d. tradeoffs can be eliminated by rational people who thinkat the margin.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Incentives MSC: Definitional55. A marginal change is aa. change that involves little, if anything, that isimportant.b. large, significant adjustment.c. change for the worse, and so it is usually a short-termchange.d. small, incremental adjustment.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Definitional56. W hich of the following is the best example of a marginalchange?a. After graduating college, Audrey's income increasesfrom $500 per month to $3,000 per month.b. Morgan gets a raise at her part-time job and is now paid$7.25 per hour instead of $7.00.c. Housing prices in an area increase by 40 percent whena new interstate is built that passes nearby.d. A hard freeze wipes out half of the orange crop inFlorida and the price of orange juice doubles.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Applicative57. W hich of the following is the best example of a marginalchange?a. The price of housing in Denver increased by 6 percentlast year.b. Kim gets a big promotion at work. She also gets a raisefrom $35,000 per year to $55,000 per year.c. Mark graduates from college and takes a job. His incomeincreases from $10,000 per year to $35,000 per year.d. A drought hits the upper Midwest and the price of wheatincreases from $4.00 per bushel to $6.50 per bushel. ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Applicative58. A marginal change is best illustrated by which of thefollowing?a. Nancy retires and takes a part-time job. She was working40 hours per week and now works 15 hours per week.b. A large, state-supported university has announced thatdue to state budget deficits, tuition must rise by 20percent next year.c. Ryan moved to a new apartment and now pays 40 percentmore rent than before.d. Arizona, which usually receives 10 inches of rain peryear, received 11 inches last year.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Interpretive59. T eresa eats three oranges during a particular day. Themarginal benefit she enjoys from eating the third orangea. can be thought of as the total benefit Teresa enjoys byeating three oranges minus the total benefit she would have enjoyed by eating just the first two oranges.b. determines Teresa’s willingness to pay for the first,second, and third oranges.c. does not depend on how many oranges Teresa has alreadyeaten.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: A DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Applicative60. A rational decisionmaker takes an action if and only ifa. the marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginalcost of the action.b. the marginal cost of the action exceeds the marginalbenefit of the action.c. the marginal cost of the action is zero.d. the opportunity cost of the action is zero.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Interpretive61. A fter much consideration, you have chosen Cancun over Ft.Lauderdale as your Spring Break destination this year.However, Spring Break is still months away, and you mayreverse this decision. Which of the following events would prompt you to reverse this decision?a. The marginal benefit of going to Cancun increases.b. The marginal cost of going to Cancun decreases.c. The marginal benefit of going to Ft. Lauderdaledecreases.d. The marginal cost of going to Ft. Lauderdale decreases. ANS: D DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Applicative62. T he average cost per seat on the 50-passenger Floating-On-AirBus company's trip from Kansas City to St. Louis, on which no refreshments are served, is $45. In advance of a particular trip, three seats remain unsold. The bus company couldincrease its profit only if ita. charged any ticket price above $0 for the threeremaining seats.b. charged at least $15 for each of the three remainingseats.c. charged at least $45 for each of the three remainingseats.d. paid three people to occupy the three remaining seats. ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal cost MSC: Applicative63. W arren drinks four cups of coffee during a particular day.The marginal benefit he enjoys from drinking the fourth cupa. can be thought of as the total benefit Warren enjoys bydrinking four cups minus the total benefit he would have enjoyed by drinking just three cups.b. determines Warren’s willingness to pay for the fourthcup.c. is likely different from the marginal benefit providedto Warren by the third cup.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Applicative64. A rational decision maker takes an action only if thea. marginal benefit is less than the marginal cost.b. marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost.c. average benefit is greater than the average cost.d. marginal benefit is greater than both the average costand the marginal cost.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Interpretive65. A construction company has built 50 houses so far this yearat a total cost to the company of $8 million. If the company builds a 51st house, its total cost will increase to $8.18 million. Which of the following statements is correct?a. For the first 50 houses, the average cost per house was$160,000.b. The marginal cost of the 51st house, if it is built, willbe $180,000.c. If the company can experience a marginal benefit of$190,000 by building the 51st house, then the company should build it.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal cost, Marginal benefit MSC: Applicative66. M ike has spent $500 purchasing and repairing an old fishingboat, which he expects to sell for $800 once the repairs are complete. Mike discovers that, in addition to the $500 he has already spent, he needs to make an additional repair, which will cost another $400, in order to make the boat worth $800 to potential buyers. He can sell the boat as it is now for $300. What should he do?a. He should sell the boat as it is now for $300.b. He should keep the boat since it would not be rationalto spend $900 on repairs and then sell the boat for $800.c. He should complete the repairs and sell the boat for$800.d. It does not matter which action he takes; the outcomeis the same either way.ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal cost MSC: Analytical67. A donut shop sells fresh baked donuts from 5 a.m. until 3 p.m.every day. The shop does not sell day-old donuts, so all unsold donuts are thrown away at 3 p.m. each day. The cost of making and selling a dozen donuts is $1.50; there are no costsassociated with throwing donuts away. If the manager has 10 dozen donuts left at 2:30 p.m. on a particular day, which of the following alternatives is most attractive?a. Lower the price of the remaining donuts, even if theprice falls below $1.50 per dozen.b. Lower the price of the remaining donuts, but under nocircumstances should the price fall below $1.50 per dozen.c. Throw the donuts away and produce 10 fewer dozen donutstomorrow.d. Starting tomorrow, lower the price on all donuts so theywill all be sold earlier in the day.ANS: A DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Analytical68. S tan buys a 1966 Mustang for $2,000, planning to restore andsell the car. He goes on to spend $8,000 restoring the car.At this point he can sell the car for $9,000. As an alternative, he can spend an additional $3,000 replacing the engine. Witha new engine the car would sell for $12,000. Stan shoulda. complete the repairs and sell the car for $12,000.b. sell the car now for $9, 000.c. never try such an expensive project again.d. be indifferent between (i) selling the car now and (ii)replacing the engine and then selling it.ANS: D DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal cost MSC: Analytical69. S arah buys and sells real estate. Two weeks ago, she paid$140,000 for a house on Oak Street, intending to spend $20,000 on repairs sell the house for $175,000. Last week, the city government announced a plan to build a “halfway house”for convicted criminals on Oak Street. As a result of the city’s announced plan, Sarah is weighing two alternatives: She can go ahead with the $20,000 in repairs and then sell the house for $135,000, or she can forgo the repairs and sell the house as it is for $120,000. Sarah shoulda. keep the house and live in it.b. go ahead with the $20,000 in repairs and sell the housefor $135,000.c. forgo the repairs and sell the house as it is for$120,000.d. move the house from Oak Street to a more desirablelocation, irrespective of the cost of doing so.ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal cost MSC: Analytical70. P eople are willing to pay more for a diamond than for a bottleof water becausea. the marginal cost of producing an extra diamond farexceeds the marginal cost of producing an extra bottle of water.b. the marginal benefit of an extra diamond far exceeds themarginal benefit of an extra bottle of water.c. producers of diamonds have a much greater ability tomanipulate diamond prices than producers of water have to manipulate water prices.d. water prices are held artificially low by governments,since water is necessary for life.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Interpretive71. E conomists are particularly adept at understanding thatpeople respond toa. laws.b. incentives.c. punishments more than rewards.d. rewards more than punishments.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Incentives MSC: Interpretive72. G overnment policies can change the costs and benefits thatpeople face. Those policies have the potential toa. alter people’s behavior.b. alter people’s decisions at the margin.c. produce results that policymakers did not intend.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Incentives MSC: Interpretive。
经济学原理试题及答案
经济学原理试题及答案
第一题：
什么是经济学？
答案：经济学是研究人类生产、分配及利用稀缺资源的行为的社会科学。
第二题：
市场需求曲线的斜率是什么？
答案：市场需求曲线的斜率是负数，即随着价格的上涨，消费者所需求的商品数量下降。
第三题：
弹性的定义是什么？
答案：弹性是指某个变化量对于另一个变化量的相应程度。
第四题：
什么是机会成本？
答案：机会成本是指做出某种选择所放弃的最好的选择机会的成本。
第五题：
如果一家公司的边际成本等于平均总成本，会发生什么？
答案：当一家公司的边际成本等于平均总成本时，它的平均总成本不会改变。
第六题：
什么是竞争力？
答案：竞争力是指一家公司或一国在国际市场上能够有效地参与和占有市场份额的能力。
第七题：
价格机制如何协调市场上的购买者和卖方？
答案：价格机制通过设定价格来协调市场上的购买者和卖方，当价格上涨时，供应量增加，需求量下降；当价格下跌时，供应量减少，需求量上涨。
总结：
经济学原理试题涵盖了许多基本概念和理论，需要掌握这些知识，在实践中灵活应用。
掌握了这些原理，才能更好地理解市场经济的运行机制，并在实践中取得成功。
《经济学原理》练习题(含答案)
《经济学原理》练习题（含答案）一、单选题（共60题，每题1分，共60分）1、一个人可以用一国物品和劳务交换另一国的物品和劳务的比率是( )。
A、真实GDPB、真实利率C、真实汇率D、真实变量正确答案：C2、下面哪一项活动可能引起负外部性（）。
A、汽车排出废气B、修复历史建筑C、购买一台个人电脑D、在街心花园种花正确答案：A3、（）是银行向另一家银行进行隔夜贷款时的利率。
A、准备金率B、贴现率C、联邦基金利率D、利率正确答案：C4、宏观经济学的中心理论是（）。
A、国名收入决定理论B、价格决定理论C、工资决定理论D、汇率决定理论正确答案：A5、使平均总成本最小的产量是( )。
A、规模经济B、规模收益不变C、规模不经济D、有效规模正确答案：D6、下面不属于政府购买的项目的是（）。
A、政府用财政资金建设三所中学B、政府从国外购买一批武器C、政府给公务员发放工资D、政府为低收入家庭提供住房补贴正确答案：D7、长期生产水平有时称为（）。
A、长期产量B、平均产量C、一般产量D、潜在产量正确答案：D8、下列哪一项计入GDP（）。
A、购买一辆用过的自行车B、购买普通股票C、汽车制造厂买进十吨钢板D、银行向某企业收取一笔贷款利息正确答案：D9、宏观经济政策的目标是（）。
A、充分就业和物价稳定B、充分就业和公平C、实现充分就业、物价稳定、经济增长和国际收支平衡D、物价稳定和经济增长正确答案：D10、（）是人们可以把现在的购买力转变为未来的购买力的东西。
A、计价单位B、世界货币C、价值储藏D、交换媒介正确答案：C11、厂商获得最大利润的条件是（）。
A、MR＞MC的差额为最大B、MR=MCC、P＞AC的差额为最大D、TR＞TC的差额为最大正确答案：B12、下列哪一项不是GDP的组成部分（）。
A、消费B、投资C、净出口D、储蓄正确答案：D13、下列不是解释总需求曲线向右下方倾斜的一项是（）。
A、财富效应B、汇率效应C、物价水平D、利率效应正确答案：C14、等成本曲线平行向外移动表明( )。
经济学原理练习题(附答案)
经济学原理练习题(附答案)第一题汤姆每小时能够制造10个钉子，而玛丽每小时能够制造5个钉子。
根据这些信息回答以下问题：a) 如果汤姆和玛丽都专门从事制造钉子的工作，他们一小时内能够共同制造多少个钉子？答案：汤姆和玛丽一小时内能够制造15个钉子。
b) 如果汤姆和玛丽决定合作制造钉子，他们一小时内能够共同制造多少个钉子？答案：汤姆和玛丽一小时内能够共同制造15个钉子。
他们合作将使产量增加，使生产效率提高。
第二题市场需求与市场供给曲线的交点被称为市场均衡点。
回答以下问题：a) 如果市场需求增加，会发生什么？答案：如果市场需求增加，市场均衡价格会上升，市场均衡数量也会增加。
b) 如果市场供给增加，会发生什么？答案：如果市场供给增加，市场均衡价格会下降，市场均衡数量会增加。
第三题弹性是衡量商品或服务对价格变化的敏感程度的指标。
回答以下问题：a) 如果一个商品的价格弹性大于1，意味着什么？答案：如果一个商品的价格弹性大于1，意味着该商品的需求对价格变化非常敏感，即价格上涨会导致需求下降，价格下跌会导致需求增加。
b) 如果一个商品的价格弹性小于1，意味着什么？答案：如果一个商品的价格弹性小于1，意味着该商品的需求对价格变化不太敏感，即价格上涨不会明显影响需求，价格下跌也不会明显增加需求。
第四题就业和失业是宏观经济学领域中的重要概念。
回答以下问题：a) 定义就业和失业。
答案：就业是指劳动力中正在工作并且获得报酬的人。
失业是指劳动力中没有工作并且正在主动寻找工作的人。
b) 解释结构性失业和摩擦性失业的区别。
答案：结构性失业是由于技术进步、产业结构变化或市场需求变化等原因导致的失业。
摩擦性失业是由于人们在寻找新的就业机会时所经历的短暂失业期。
第五题季度国内生产总值（GDP）是衡量一个国家经济活动的总值，包括消费、投资、政府支出和净出口。
回答以下问题：a) 定义国内生产总值（GDP）。
答案：国内生产总值（GDP）是一个国家在一定时间内（通常是一年）所生产的所有最终产品和服务的价值的总和。
曼昆《经济学原理(微观经济学分册)》(第6版)课后习题详解(第21章 消费者选择理论)
曼昆《经济学原理（微观经济学分册）》（第6版）第7篇 深入研究的论题第21章 消费者选择理论课后习题详解跨考网独家整理最全经济学考研真题，经济学考研课后习题解析资料库，您可以在这里查阅历年经济学考研真题，经济学考研课后习题，经济学考研参考书等内容，更有跨考考研历年辅导的经济学学哥学姐的经济学考研经验，从前辈中获得的经验对初学者来说是宝贵的财富，这或许能帮你少走弯路，躲开一些陷阱。
以下内容为跨考网独家整理，如您还需更多考研资料，可选择经济学一对一在线咨询进行咨询。
一、概念题1．预算约束线（budget constraint ）（西北大学2004研）答：预算约束线又称消费可能线和价格线，指对消费者可以承受（在消费者收入和消费者希望购买的物品价格既定时）的消费组合的限制。
预算约束线表示消费者支付得起的消费组合。
假定以I 表示消费者的既定收入，以1P 和2P 分别表示商品1和商品2的价格，以1X 和2X 分别表示商品1和商品2的数量，那么，相应的预算等式为：1122P X P X I +=。
上式表示：消费者的全部收入等于他购买商品1和商品2的总支出。
而且，可以用1I P 和2I P 来分别表示全部收入仅购买商品1或商品2的数量，它们分别表示预算约束线的横截距和纵截距。
此外，上式还可以改写成如下形式：12122P I X X P P =-+。
式中的预算约束线方程表明，预算约束线的斜率为12P P -，纵截距为2I P 。
2．无差异曲线（indifference curve ）（西北大学2004研；北京科技大学2008研） 答：无差异曲线指带给消费者相同满足程度的消费组合的一条曲线。
它表示消费者在一定偏好、一定技术条件和一定资源条件下选择商品时，对不同组合商品的满足程度是没有区别的。
与无差异曲线相对应的效用函数为：()12U f X X =，。
其中，1X 、2X 分别为商品1和商品2的消费数量；U 是常数，表示某个效用水平。
【精品】经济学原理习题与答案
【精品】经济学原理习题与答案经济学原理是一门研究资源分配、生产、消费和贸易等经济活动的学科。
在这篇文章中，我将为大家提供一些经济学原理的习题及其答案，帮助大家更好地理解和掌握经济学的基本概念和原理。
一、供求分析1. 供给曲线表示生产者在某一价格水平下愿意并且能够提供的商品数量。
以下哪项因素不会导致供给曲线的移动？A. 生产技术的改进B. 生产成本的上升C. 相关商品价格的变化D. 生产要素价格的变化答案：B2. 需求曲线表示消费者在某一价格水平下愿意并且能够购买的商品数量。
以下哪项因素不会导致需求曲线的移动？A. 消费者收入的增加B. 商品价格的变化C. 消费者偏好的变化D. 相关商品价格的变化答案：B3. 假设某商品的供给曲线和需求曲线分别为S和D。
当商品价格从P1上升到P2时，商品的均衡数量从Q1增加到Q2。
以下哪个图示正确地反映了这一情况？答案：图示D二、市场结构1. 下列哪种市场结构中，一个厂商占据了市场的全部份额？A. 完全竞争市场B. 垄断市场C. 寡头垄断市场D. 完全垄断市场答案：D2. 在完全竞争市场中，以下哪个陈述是正确的？A. 厂商可以通过价格歧视策略提高利润B. 厂商的生产成本随着产量的增加而上升C. 市场价格由厂商决定D. 厂商无法控制产品的市场价格答案：D3. 假设一个寡头垄断市场的两家厂商生产相同的产品，一家厂商降低价格，另一家厂商应该如何应对？A. 降低价格以保持市场份额B. 保持价格不变，增加广告宣传C. 提高价格，以吸引更多消费者D. 与其他厂商协商，共同维持价格答案：A三、宏观经济学1. 国内生产总值（GDP）是指一个国家在一定时期内生产的全部最终产品和服务的市场价值。
以下哪个不属于GDP的组成部分？A. 消费支出B. 投资支出C. 政府支出D. 进口商品的市场价值答案：D2. 通货膨胀是指货币购买力下降，导致物价水平上涨。
以下哪个政策可以用来抑制通货膨胀？A. 降低利率B. 增加政府支出C. 提高税率D. 增加货币供应量答案：C3. 失业率是指劳动力市场上愿意工作但没有找到工作的劳动力占劳动力总人口的比例。
2021年经济学原理题库
《经济学原理》试题库、参照答案一、单选题1、下列哪一种状况会导致需求量变动？（）A. 消费者偏好发生变化；B. 该物品价格发生变化；C. 其她物品价格发生变化；D. 消费者收入发生变化；2、一种行为机会成本是指（）A.为这种行为所耗费钱B. 为这种行为所耗费时间价值C. 当你不必为这种行为付钱时就等于零D. 投入这种行为所有资源其他也许用途3、依照博弈论分析，“囚徒困境”应属于非合伙博弈（）类型。
A.完全信息静态博弈B.完全信息动态博弈C.不完全信息静态博弈D.不完全信息动态博弈4、垄断势力来源于（）A. 规模经济性；B. 专利权；C. 对资源控制；D. 以上都是。
5、同一条无差别曲线不同点表达（）A. 对不同消费者具备相似效用水平；B. 对同一消费者具备相似效用水平；C. 具备相似支出水平；D. 具备相似收入水平。
6、如果等成本曲线与等产量曲线没有切点和交点，要生产等产量曲线所代表产量，应当（）A. 增长投入；B. 减少投入；C. 保持投入不变；D. 以上说法都不对的。
7、需求曲线是一条向（）倾斜曲线。
A.右下方B.右上方C.左下方D.左上方8、生产要素（投入）和产量水平关系叫( )。
A. 生产函数B. 生产也许性曲线C.平均成本曲线D. 总成本曲线9、竞争性厂商供应曲线是它（）。
A. 平均成本曲线B. 平均不变成本曲线C. 平均可变成本曲线D. 停止生产点以上边际成本曲线10、已知消费也许性线方程为2X+5Y=10，则该消费也许性曲线是（）。
A B C D11、已知物品X和Y需求交叉弹性为－1.2，则（）。
A. X和Y是正常品；B. X和Y是代替品；C. X和Y是互补品；D. X和Y是劣质品；12、如果商品需求弹性等于0.8，供应弹性等于0.5，则销售税（）。
A. 重要由消费者承担B. 重要由生产者承担C. 由生产者和消费者均等地承担D. 所有由生产者承担13、下列哪一项不列入国民生产总值核算?( )A. 出口到国外一批货品B. 政府给贫困家庭发放一笔救济金C. 经纪人为一座旧房买卖收取一笔佣金D . 保险公司收到一笔家庭财产保险费14、如下市场中，可以以为属于完全竞争市场是（ ）。
经济学原理(曼昆)第七版 第21章 消费者选择理论多选题答案
经济学原理（曼昆）第七版第21章消费者选择理论多选题答案经济学原理（曼昆）第七版--第21章消费者选择理论多选题答案第21章消费者选择理论1.emilio出售价格为10美元的比萨饼和价格为2美元的苏打水。
他的总收入为100美元。
如果以下哪一个事件发生，他的财政预算约束线就可以平行向外移动？a.比萨饼的价格下降到5美元，苏打水大学价格下降到1美元，而他的收入减少为50美元。
b.比萨饼的价格下降至20美元，苏打水大学价格下降至4美元，而他的总收入仍维持维持不变。
c.比萨饼的价格下降到8美元，苏打水大学价格下降到1美元，而他的收入增加为120美元。
d.比萨饼的价格下降至20美元，苏打水大学价格下降至4美元，而他的总收入减少至400美元。
【答案】d【解析】财政预算约束线：10x+2y=100对于a：5x+y=50，此预算线和原预算线是同一条曲线。
对于d：20x+4y=400，预算线平行向外移动。
2.在并无差异曲线上任何一点，该曲线的斜率来衡量消费者的__________.a.总收入b.用一种物品换另一种物品的意愿c.对两种物品是替代品还是互补品的认知d.需求弹性【答案】b【解析】并无差异曲线的斜率就是边际替代率。
3.mathew和susan是衬衫和帽子市场上的两个追求最优化的消费者，他们用100美元买一件衬衫，用50美元买一顶帽子。
mathew买了4件衬衫和6顶帽子，而susan买了6件衬衫和12顶帽子。
从这些信息，我们推断，mathew的边际替代率是每件衬衫__________顶帽子，而susan是每件衬衫_______顶帽子。
a.2,1b.2,2c.4,1d.4,2【答案】b【解析】无差异曲线的斜率是边际替代率。
mrs=mux/muy=px/py.对于两个消费者，其预算线分别是100x+5y=700；100x+5y=1200。
4.charlie只出售牛奶和早餐麦片，牛奶就是正常物品，而早餐麦片就是低档物品，当牛奶价格上升时，charlie出售的__________.a.两种物品都更少b.牛奶更多，早餐麦片更少c.牛奶更少，早餐麦片更多d.牛奶更太少，但对早餐麦片的影响并不确切【答案】c【解析】分析收入效应和替代效应的综合影响。
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Chapter 21The Theory of Consumer ChoiceMultiple Choice1. The theory of consumer choice provides the foundation for understandinga. the structure of a firm.b. the profitability of a firm.c. a firm's product demand.d. a firm's product supply.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional2. The theory of consumer choice examinesa. the determination of output in competitive markets.b. the tradeoffs inherent in decisions made by consumers.c. how consumers select inputs into manufacturing production processes.d. the determination of prices in competitive markets.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional3. Consider two goods, books and hamburgers. The slope of the consumer's budget constraint is measured by thea. consumer's income divided by the price of hamburgers.b. relative price of books and hamburgers.c. consumer's marginal rate of substitution.d. number of books purchased divided by the number of hamburgers purchased.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Interpretive4. If a consumer's income decreases, the budget constraint for CDs and DVDs willa. shift outward, parallel to the original budget constraint.b. shift inward, parallel to the original budget constraint.c. rotate outward along the CD axis because we can afford more CDs.d. rotate outward along the DVD axis because we can afford more DVDs.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical5. If the relative price of a concert ticket is 3 times the price of a meal at a good restaurant, then the opportunity cost ofa concert ticket can be measured by thea. slope of the budget constraint.b. slope of an indifference curve.c. marginal rate of substitution.d. income effect.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical6. When the price of a shirt falls, thea. quantity of shirts demanded falls.b. quantity of shirts demanded rises.c. quantity of shirts supplied rises.d. demand for shirts falls.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1TOP: Demand MSC: Analytical898Chapter 21/The Theory of Consumer Choice ❖8997. A budget constrainta. shows the prices that a consumer chooses to pay for products he consumes.b. shows the purchases made by consumers.c. shows the consumption bundles that a consumer can afford.d. represents the consumption bundles that give a consumer equal satisfaction.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Definitional8. Assume that a college student spends her income on books and pizza. The price of a pizza is $8.00, and the price of abook is $15. If she has $100 of income, she could choose to consumea. 8 pizzas and 4 books.b. 4 pizzas and 5 books.c. 9 pizzas and 3 books.d. 4 pizzas and 3 books.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative9. Assume that a college student spends her income on mac-n-cheese and CDs. The price of one box of mac-n-cheese is$1.00, and the price of one CD is $12.00. If she has $100 of income, she could choose to consumea. 15 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 6 CDs.b. 20 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 7 CDs.c. 10 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 8 CDs.d. 30 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 6 CDs.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative10. A consumer that doesn't spend all of her incomea. would be at a point outside of her budget constraint.b. would be at a point inside her budget constraint.c. must not be consuming positive quantities of all goods.d. must be consuming at a point where her budget constraint touches one of the axes.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Interpretive11. An increase in income will cause a consumer's budget constraint toa. shift outward, parallel to its initial position.b. shift inward, parallel to its initial position.c. pivot around the "Y" axis.d. pivot around the "X" axis.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: AnalyticalFigure 21-1900 ❖Chapter 21/The Theory of Consumer Choice12. Refer to Figure 21-1. Which point in the figure showing a consumer’s budget constraint represents the consumer'sincome divided by the price of a CD?a. Point Ab. Point Cc. Point Dd. Point EANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative13. Refer to Figure 21-1. A consumer that chooses to spend all of her income could be at which point(s) on the budgetconstraint?a. Ab. Ec. B, C, or Dd. A, B, C, or DANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative14. Refer to Figure 21-1. All of the points identified in the figure represent possible consumption options with theexception ofa. Ab. Ec. A and Ed. None. All points are possible consumption options.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: ApplicativeFigure 21-2Chapter 21/The Theory of Consumer Choice ❖90115. Refer to Figure 21-2. Which of the graphs in the figure reflects a decrease in the price of good X only?a. graph (a)b. graph (b)c. graph (c)d. graph (d)ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical16. Refer to Figure 21-2. Which of the graphs in the figure reflects an increase in the price of good Y only?a. graph (a)b. graph (b)c. graph (c)d. graph (d)ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical17. Refer to Figure 21-2. Which of the graphs in the figure could reflect a decrease in the prices of both goods?a. graph (a)b. graph (b)c. graph (c)d. graph (d)ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical18. The slope of the budget constraint is determined by thea. relative price of the goods measured on the axes.b. relative price of the goods measured on the axes and the consum er’s income.c. endowment of productive resources.d. preferences of the consumer.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Definitional19. The slope of the budget constraint is all of the following excepta. the relative price of two goods.b. the rate at which a consumer can trade one good for another.c. the marginal rate of substitution.d. constant.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: DefinitionalFigure 21-3902 ❖Chapter 21/The Theory of Consumer Choice20. Refer to Figure 21-3. In graph (a), if income is equal to $120, the price of good y isa. $1b. $2c. $3d. $4ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative21. Refer to Figure 21-3. In graph (a), what is the price of good y relative to good x (i.e., P y/P x)?a. 1/3b. 1/4c. 3d. 4ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative22. Refer to Figure 21-3. In graph (b), what is the price of good x relative to good y (i.e., P x/P y)?a. 2/7b. 3/6c. 7/2d. 7ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative23. Refer to Figure 21-3. Assume that a consumer faces both budget constraints in graph (a) and graph (b) on twodifferent occasions. If her income has remained constant, what has happened to prices?a. The price of X in graph (a) is higher than the price of X in graph (b).b. The price of Y in graph (a) is higher than the price of Y in graph (b).c. The prices of both X and Y are lower in graph (a).d. None of the above are true.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical24. Suppose a consumer spends her income on two goods: music CDs and DVDs. If the consumer has $200 to allocate tothese two goods, the price of a CD is $10, and the price of a DVD is $20, what is the maximum number of CDs the consumer can purchase?a. 10b. 20c. 40d. 50ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative25. Suppose a consumer spends her income on two goods: music CDs and DVDs. If the price of a CD is $8, the price ofa DVD is $20, and we graph the budget constraint by placing the quantity of CDs purchased on the horizontal axis,what is the slope of the budget constraint?a. -5.0b. -2.5c. -0.4d. The slope of the budget constraint cannot be determined without knowing the income the consumer has availableto spend on the two goods.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: ApplicativeChapter 21/The Theory of Consumer Choice ❖903 26. Suppose a consumer is currently spending all of her available income on two goods: music CDs and DVDs. If theprice of a CD is $9, the price of a DVD is $18, and she is currently consuming 10 CDs and 5 DVDs, what is the consumer's income?a. $90b. $180c. $270d. $360ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative27. A consumer is currently spending all of her available income on two goods: music CDs and DVDs. At her currentconsumption bundle she is spending twice as much on CDs as she is on DVDs. If the consumer has $120 of income and is consuming 10 CDs and 2 DVDs, what is the price of a CD?a. $4b. $8c. $12d. $20ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical28. The following diagram shows a budget constraint for a particular consumer.If the price of x is $10, what is the price of y?a. $15b. $25c. $35d. $70ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical29. Budget constraints exist for consumers becausea. their utility from consuming goods eventually reaches a maximum level.b. even with unlimited incomes they have to pay for each good they consume.c. they have to pay for goods and they have limited incomes.d. prices and incomes are inversely related.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Interpretive904 ❖Chapter 21/The Theory of Consumer Choice30. A family on a trip budgets $800 for meals and gasoline. If the price of a meal for the family is $50, how many mealscan the family buy if they do not buy any gasoline?a. 8b. 16c. 24d. 32ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative31. A family on a trip budgets $800 for meals and hotel accommodations. Suppose the price of a meal is $40. In addition,suppose the family could afford a total of 8 nights in a hotel if they don’t buy any meals. How many meals could the family afford if they gave up two nights in the hotel?a. 1b. 2c. 5d. 8ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative32. If the price of bread is zero, the budget constraint between bread (on the vertical axis) and cheese (on the horizontalaxis) woulda. be vertical.b. coincide with the vertical axis.c. coincide with the horizontal axis.d. be horizontal.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: AnalyticalScenario 21-1Suppose the price of pizza is $10, the price of cola is $1, and the consumer’s income is $50. In addition, suppose the con sumer’s budget constraint measures pizza on the horizontal axis and cola on the vertical axis.33. Refer to Scenario 21-1. If the price of cola doubles to $2, then thea. budget constraint intersects the vertical axis at 25 colas.b. slope of the budget constraint rises to -2.c. budget constraint intersects the vertical axis at 100 colas.d. budget constraint shifts inward in a parallel fashion.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative34. Refer to Scenario 21-1. If the consumer's income rises to $60, then the budget line for pizza and cola woulda. now intersect the horizontal axis at 6 pizzas and the vertical axis at 60 colas.b. not change.c. now intersect the horizontal axis at 4 pizzas and the vertical axis at 16 colas.d. rotate outward along the cola axis.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative35. An increase in a consumer's incomea. increases the slope of the consumer's budget constraint.b. has no effect on the slope of the consumer's budget constraint.c. decreases the slope of the consumer's budget constraint.d. has no effect on the consumer's budget constraint.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: AnalyticalChapter 21/The Theory of Consumer Choice ❖90536. A decrease in a consumer's incomea. increases the slope of the consumer's budget constraint.b. has no effect on the consumer's budget constraint.c. decreases the slope of the consumer's budget constraint.d. has no effect on the slope of the consumer's budget constraint.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical37. The price of gin has risen from $7 to $9 per bottle, the price of cocktail onions has fallen from $6 to $5 per jar, andElizabeth's income has stayed fixed at $46 per week. Since the price changes, Elizabeth has been buying 4 bottles of gin and 2 jars of cocktail onions per week. At the original prices, 4 bottles of gin and 2 jars of cocktail onions would havea. exactly exhausted her income.b. cost more than her income.c. cost less than her income.d. could have maximized her satisfaction given her budget constraint.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative38. The price of gin has risen from $7 to $9 per bottle, the price of cocktail onions has fallen from $6 to $5 per jar, andElizabeth's income has stayed fixed at $46 per week. If you put gin on the vertical axis and cocktail onions on the horizontal axis, then the budget constrainta. is steeper after the price changes.b. is flatter after the price changes.c. is the same after the price changes.d. shifts in parallel to the old budget constraint after the price changes.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative39. Suppose the only two goods that Brett consumes are wine and cheese. When wine sells for $10 a bottle and cheesesell for $10 a pound, he buys 6 bottles of wine and 4 pounds of cheese — spending his entire income of $100. One day the price of wine falls to $5 a bottle and the price of cheese increases to $20 a pound, while his income does not change. The bundle of wine and cheese that he purchased at the old prices, now costs, at the new prices,a. the same amount.b. less than Brett's income.c. more than Brett's income.d. not enough information to answer the question.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative40. Suppose the only two goods that Brett consumes are wine and cheese. When wine sells for $10 a bottle and cheesesell for $10 a pound, he buys 6 bottles of wine and 4 pounds of cheese — spending his entire income of $100. One day the price of wine falls to $5 a bottle and the price of cheese increases to $20 a pound, while his income does not change. If you place wine on the vertical axis and cheese on the horizontal axis, thena. the slope of Brett's budget has not changed.b. the slope of Brett's budget constraint is flatter at the new prices.c. the slope of Brett's budget constraint is steeper at the new prices.d. Brett's budget constraint has shifted in parallel to the budget constraint with the old prices.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Applicative41. Consider the indifference curve map for nickels and quarters. Assume nickels are on the vertical axis and quarters areon the horizontal axis. The indifference curves for nickels and quartersa. are straight lines with slope of -1/5b. are straight lines with a slope of -1.c. are straight lines with a slope of -5.d. are L shaped.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Perfect substitutes MSC: Applicative906 ❖Chapter 21/The Theory of Consumer Choice42. All of the following are properties of indifference curves excepta. higher indifference curves are preferred to lower ones.b. indifference curves are downward sloping.c. indifference curves do not cross.d. indifference curves are bowed outward.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive43. A consumer’s preferences for right shoes and left shoes can be represented by indifference curves that area. bowed out from the originb. bowed in towards the originc. straight linesd. right anglesANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive44. A consumer’s preferences for $1 bills and $20 bills can be represented by indifference curves that area. bowed out from the originb. bowed in towards the originc. straight linesd. right anglesANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive45. Economists represent a consumer's preferences usinga. demand curves.b. budget constraints.c. indifference curves.d. supply curves.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Definitional46. If two bundles of goods give a consumer the same satisfaction, the consumer must bea. on her budget constraint.b. in a position of equilibrium.c. indifferent between the bundles.d. Both a and c are correct.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: InterpretiveFigure 21-4Chapter 21/The Theory of Consumer Choice ❖90747. Refer to Figure 21-4. Which of the following statements is correct?a. Point A is preferred equally to point E.b. Point A is preferred equally to point C.c. The bundle associated with point B contains more Ho-Ho's than that associated with point C.d. The bundles along indifference curve I1 are preferred to those along indifference curve I2.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Analytical48. Refer to Figure 21-4. Which of the following statements is true?a. If a consumer moves from point C to point A, her loss of Ho-Ho's cannot be compensated for by an increase inTwinkies.b. Point E is preferred to all other points identified in the figure.c. Since more is preferred to less, point C may be preferred to point E in some circumstances for this consumer.d. Even though point E has more of both goods than point B, we could draw a different set of indifference curves inwhich point B is preferred to point E.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Analytical49. Refer to Figure 21-4. Which of the following statements is not true for a consumer who moves from point B to pointC?a. At point C the consumer would be willing to give up a larger number of Ho-Hos in exchange for a Twinkie thanat point B.b. The marginal rate of substitution at points C and B are the same since the points lie on the same indifferencecurve.c. The consumer is willing to sacrifice Twinkies to obtain Ho-Ho's.d. The consumer receives the same level of satisfaction at points B and C.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Analytical50. Refer to Figure 21-4. Which of the following statements is true for a consumer who moves from point A to point D?a. It is difficult to compare the level of consumer satisfaction between points D and A.b. The consumer is indifferent between point A and point D.c. The consumer is definitely worse off.d. The consumer is likely to place a higher relative value on Twinkies at point A than at point D.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Analytical51. Refer to Figure 21-4. A person that chooses to consume bundle C is likely toa. receive higher total satisfaction at point C than at point A.b. spend more on bundle C than bundle A.c. receive higher marginal utility from Ho-Ho's than from Twinkies.d. receive higher marginal utility from Twinkies than from Ho-Ho's.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-3TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Analytical52. Indifference curves graphically representa. an income level sufficient to allow an individual to achieve a given level of satisfaction.b. the constraints faced by individuals.c. an individual's preferences.d. the relative price of commodities.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Definitional53. The slope of an indifference curve isa. the rate of change of consumer's preferences.b. the marginal rate of preference.c. the marginal rate of substitution.d. always equal to the slope of the budget constraint.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Marginal rate of substitution MSC: Definitional54. The rate at which a consumer is willing to exchange one good for another, and maintain a constant level ofsatisfaction, is called thea. relative expenditure ratio.b. value of marginal product.c. marginal rate of substitution.d. relative price ratio.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Marginal rate of substitution MSC: Definitional55. If an indifference curve is bowed in toward the origin, the marginal rate of substitution isa. not likely to reflect the relative value of goods.b. likely to be constant for all bundles along the indifference curve.c. likely to be identical to the price ratio for each bundle along the indifference curve.d. different for each bundle along the indifference curve.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Marginal rate of substitution MSC: Interpretive56. The marginal rate of substitution isa. the slope of a budget constraint.b. always constant.c. the slope of an indifference curve.d. the point at which the budget constraint and the indifference curve is tangent.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Marginal rate of substitution MSC: Definitional57. The rate at which a consumer is willing to trade one good for another to maintain the same level of satisfaction isaffected bya. the prices of the products.b. the amount of each good the consumer is currently consuming.c. the consumer’s income.d. the marginal value product.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Marginal rate of substitution MSC: Analytical58. As long as a consumer remains on the same indifference curvea. she is indifferent to all points which lie on any other indifference curve.b. her preferences will not affect the marginal rate of substitution.c. she is unable to decide which bundle of goods to choose.d. she is indifferent among the points on that curve.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Marginal rate of substitution MSC: Interpretive59. A consumera. is equally satisfied with any indifference curve.b. prefers indifference curves with positive slopes.c. prefers higher indifference curves to lower indifference curves.d. is generally unable to place all consumption bundles on an indifference curve.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive60. A consumer's preferences provide aa. ranking of the set of bundles that happen to fall on indifference curves.b. relative ranking of bundles that provide more of all goods.c. framework for evaluating market equilibriums.d. complete ranking of all possible consumption bundles.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Definitional61. Which of the following is a property of indifference curves?a. Indifference curves cross to explain higher preferences.b. Indifference curves have positive slopes.c. Indifference curves are downward sloping and always linear.d. Indifference curves are bowed in toward the origin.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive62. Higher indifference curves are preferred to lower ones as long as thea. marginal rate of substitution is diminishing.b. products in the bundle are "bads."c. products in the bundle are "goods."d. budget constraint does not shift.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive63. Indifference curves that cross would suggest thata. the consumer does not prefer more to less.b. the consumer is likely to prefer a redistribution of income from rich to poor.c. different individuals have different preferences for the same goods.d. the marginal rate of substitution is the same for both indifference curves.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Analytical64. When indifference curves are bowed in toward the origin,a. a consumer is less inclined to trade away goods they are lacking.b. a consumer's willingness to trade away goods they have in abundance diminishes.c. an increase in income will shift the indifference curve away from the origin.d. a decrease in income will shift the indifference curve away from the origin.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Analytical65. Which of the following is not true? Indifference curvesa. are downward sloping.b. that are closer to the origin are preferable to indifference curves further from the origin.c. are bowed in toward the origin.d. do not cross.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive66. As one moves down a typical indifference curve, the marginal rate of substitutiona. increases.b. decreases.c. is constant.d. will switch from positive to negative.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive67. When two goods are perfect substitutes, the marginal rate of substitutiona. is constant along the indifference curve.b. decreases as the scarcity of one good increases.c. increases as the scarcity of one good increases.d. changes to reflect the consumer’s changing preferences for the goods.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: InterpretiveFigure 21-568. Refer to Figure 21-5. Which of the graphs shown may represent indifference curves?a. graph (a)b. graph (b)c. graph (c)d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Analytical69. Refer to Figure 21-5. Which of the graphs shown represent indifference curves for perfect substitutes?a. graph (a)b. graph (b)c. graph (c)d. None of the above is correct.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive70. When two goods are perfect complements they will havea. indifference curves with a positive slope.b. indifference curves that are right angles.c. indifference curves with a constant marginal rate of substitution.d. Both b and c are correct.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive71. "Left" gloves and "right" gloves provide a good example ofa. perfect substitutes.b. perfect complements.c. negatively sloped indifference curves.d. positively sloped indifference curves.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Perfect complements MSC: Analytical72. When two goods are perfect complements, the indifference curves area. positively sloped.b. negatively sloped.c. straight lines.d. right angles.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-2TOP: Perfect complements MSC: Interpretive73. A set of indifference curves that are only slightly bowed inward represent goods that could best be described asa. perfect substitutes.b. perfect complements.c. very close substitutes.d. very close complements.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Analytical74. The bowed shape of the indifference curve reflects the consumer'sa. unwillingness to give up a good that he already has in large quantity.b. unwillingness to purchase a good that he already has in large quantity.c. greater willingness to give up a good that he already has in large quantity.d. greater willingness to purchase a good that he already has in large quantity.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Indifference Curve MSC: Interpretive75. The following diagram shows one indifference curve representing the preferences for goods x and y for oneconsumer.What is the marginal rate of substitution between points A and B?a. 2/5b. 1c. 5/2d. 3ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-2TOP: Marginal rate of substitution MSC: Analytical。