腹膜后隙解剖

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腹膜后隙
内容: 一、肾 二、输尿管 三、血管、神经
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
概述
腹膜后隙位置:腹后 壁腹膜后方。
肾的毗邻:
两肾后面:膈 腰大肌 腰方肌 腹横肌
两肾上端: 肾上腺
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
肾动脉发出: 肾上腺下动脉
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
静脉:下腔静脉
inferior vena cava
右肾前面邻: 肝右叶 结肠右曲 十二指肠降部
Fra Baidu bibliotek
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
左肾前面邻:
胃 胰 空肠 结肠左曲
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
二、肾门、肾蒂
肾门: 肾的内侧 缘中部凹陷,是肾 的血管、神经、淋 巴管和肾盂出入肾 的部位,称肾门。
左肾位置:
上端平第11胸椎下缘 下端平第2腰椎下缘
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
右肾位置:
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
肾蒂 renal pedicle: 出入肾门的结构合称 肾蒂,主要结构肾动 脉、肾静脉、肾盂。 右侧肾蒂较左侧短。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
肾蒂主要结构的排列关系:
由前向后依次为: 肾静脉、肾动脉、肾盂
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
输尿管腹部在 腰大肌前面中点处 与睾丸血管(男) 或卵巢血管(女) 相交叉(血管位于 输尿管前面)。
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
(1)成对的脏支
有3对: 肾上腺中动脉 肾动脉 睾丸动脉(精索内动脉) (在女性则称卵巢动脉)
(一)肾 kidney
内容:
(一)肾的位置和毗邻 (二)肾蒂 (三)肾的血管 (四)肾的被膜
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
2.脏支主要有: 成对的脏支 不成对的脏支
January, 2007
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
(2)不成对的脏支
有3支:
腹腔干 肠系膜上动脉 肠系膜下动脉
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
成对脏器的静脉:
3对: (1)肾静脉 (2)肾上腺静脉 (3)生殖腺静脉
下腔静脉的属支有:
壁支
脏支
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
1. 壁支: 膈下静脉 4对腰静脉
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
腹部的血管、神经
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
腹主动脉的分支有:
壁支
脏支
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
1.壁支主要有: 膈下动脉 4对腰动脉 骶正中动脉
范围:上自膈,下至 骶岬,两侧续腹膜外 筋膜。向下续盆部的 腹膜后间隙。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
输尿管腹部:
位于腹膜后方, 沿腰大肌前面下降至 小骨盆上口处,左右 输尿管分别跨过髂血 管的前面,进入盆腔 移行于盆段。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
输尿管行程分部:
分三部:
腹 部
盆 部
壁 内 部
January, 2007
上端平第12胸椎上缘 下端平第3腰椎上缘 第12肋跨过左肾的中 部,右肾的上部。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
一、肾的位置及毗邻
肾位于脊柱 两侧,腹膜后方, 紧贴腹后壁的上 部。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
纤维囊 脂肪囊 肾筋膜
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
(二)输尿管 ureter
输尿管起于肾盂, 终于膀胱,长约 25~30cm。
动脉:腹主动脉
腹主动脉从膈的 主动脉裂孔沿脊柱左 前方下降,至第四腰 椎平面分为左、右髂 总动脉。其右侧邻下 腔静脉。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
竖脊肌外侧缘与第
12肋之间的部位称肾区
(肋脊角)。在某些肾 疾病患者,叩击或触压 该区可引起疼痛。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
2. 脏支:
成对脏器和肝的静 脉注入下腔静脉, 不成 对脏器的静脉先汇合成 肝门静脉, 入肝后再经 肝静脉入下腔静脉。
肾门位置:
肾门平第一腰 椎平面,距正中线 约5cm。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
肾区:
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
肾上腺的动脉 (3对)
膈下动脉发出: 肾上腺上动脉
腹主动脉发出: 肾上腺中动脉
从上向下依次为: 肾动脉、肾静脉、肾盂
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
三、肾的被膜
肾表面包有三层被膜,由内向外为:
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
下腔静脉由 左、右髂总静脉 在第5腰椎右侧汇 合而成。下腔静 脉收集下肢、盆 部和腹部的静脉。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
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