腹膜后隙解剖
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肾门位置：
肾门平第一腰 椎平面，距正中线 约5cm。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
肾区：
右肾前面邻： 肝右叶 结肠右曲
十二指肠降部
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
左肾前面邻：
肾的毗邻：
两肾后面：膈 腰大肌 腰方肌
腹横肌
两肾上端: 肾上腺
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
（二）输尿管 ureter
输尿管起于肾盂， 终于膀胱，长约
腹膜后隙
内容： 一、肾
二、输尿管
三、血管、神经
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
概 述
腹膜后隙位置：腹后 壁腹膜后方。 范围：上自膈，下至
25～30cm。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
一、肾的位置及毗邻 肾位于脊柱 两侧，腹膜后方，
紧贴腹后壁的上
部。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
胃
胰 空肠
结肠左曲
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
二、肾门、肾蒂
肾门： 肾的内侧 缘中部凹陷，是肾 的血管、神经、淋 巴管和肾盂出入肾 的部位，称肾门。
左肾位置：
上端平第11胸椎下缘
下端平第2腰椎下缘
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
右肾位置：
竖脊肌外侧缘与第 12肋之间的部位称肾区 （肋脊角）。在某些肾 疾病患者，叩击或触压
该区可引起疼痛。
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
January, 2007
来自百度文库
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
肾蒂主要结构的排列关系:
由前向后依次为：
肾静脉、肾动脉、肾盂 从上向下依次为： 肾动脉、肾静脉、肾盂
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
肾蒂 renal pedicle：
出入肾门的结构合称 肾蒂，主要结构肾动 脉、肾静脉、肾盂。 右侧肾蒂较左侧短。
上端平第12胸椎上缘 下端平第3腰椎上缘
第12肋跨过左肾的中
部，右肾的上部。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
三、肾的被膜
肾表面包有三层被膜，由内向外为：
纤维囊
脂肪囊 肾筋膜
内容：
（一）肾的位置和毗邻
（二）肾蒂
（三）肾的血管 （四）肾的被膜
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
骶岬，两侧续腹膜外 筋膜。向下续盆部的 腹膜后间隙。
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
（一）肾 kidney