新高考下的英语定语从句
新高考英语二轮复习专题四定语从句教师版
定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。
因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。
2021年新高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查，并且仍将不会仅单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
一、关系代词一览表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talkingwith your mother?whom，which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关whom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I amworking.The boy(whom) she loved died in thewar.命题趋势考点清单专题四××定语从句二、that与which，who，whom的用法区别1. that和which的用法区别在定语从句中，关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。
但在下列情况下值得注意：（1）只能用that而不能用which的情形：①当先行词为：all，little，few，much，none及some-，any-，no-，every-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。
如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.①当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。
高考英语 14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法
高考14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法定语从句一、定语从句用法讲解用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般跟在先行之后。
用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。
关系代词有who, whom, whose(指人)；that, which(指物),用来代替先行词。
that也可以指人,which 不能指人。
who, whom, which, that 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语；whose在定语从句中作定语。
例如：This is the boy who is good at English.This the boy (whom) Mr. Cheng teaches every day.This is the boy whose father is an English teacher.This is the desk whose leg is broken.= This is the desk the leg of which is broken.= This is the desk of which the leg is broken.This is the book that/which was bought by Tom yesterday.This is the book (that /which) he bought yesterday.This is the book whose cover is gone.注意：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。
用来引导定语从句的副词（when, where, why）叫关系副词。
when, where, why代替前面的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
例如：I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.This is the school where Mr. Cheng works.This is the reason why Li Ping is often late for class.二、定语从句用法定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点，也是历年高考的热点。
定语从句 第9讲 -定语从句---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)(讲)(学生版)
2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第九讲—定语从句【复习概览】一、命题要求定语从句考点是英语高考必考点之一。
在高考中主要考查点有：定语从句关系词、定语从句的先行词、定语从句中的主谓一致、定语从句中的时态等。
二、命题形式本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.阅读理解中的复杂句子；2.书面表达。
从句在语法填空中是必考点。
2022年从句考点还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。
在这个考点上一定多下工夫，不管花费多大的精力，让学生掌握这个考点都不为过，因为，打开2022年的高考试卷，必然会有非谓语动词。
【基础巩固】知识点：定语从句必备基础知识：在主从复合句中，修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
A. 先行词+ 连词（关系代词）+ 陈述句who 【先行词为人。
主语、宾语。
】whom 【先行词为人。
宾语。
】that【先行词为物/人。
主语、宾语。
】which 【先行词为物。
主语、宾语。
】B. 地方+ where(状语) + 陈述句【where = at/on/in which】时间+ when(状语) + 陈述句【when = at/on/in which】C. 先行词（物/人）+ whose + 名词…whose: 某人的/某物的D. 先行词(人) + 介词+ whom + 陈述句先行词(物) + 介词+ which + 陈述句重难点知识：考点1关系代词引导的定语从句【典例】1. [2021·浙江1月]They’re the only thing _______ looks like human language in that respect.2.[2021·八省1月联考]I'm grateful that the assistant responded in a way _______ made me rethink the power of my words.3.[2021·八省1月联考]That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, _______ had recently joined the shop.【方法指导】1．who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。
高考英语定语从句讲解
高考英语定语从句讲解高考英语定语从句讲解一. 定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
高考英语定语从句讲解二. 引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why 等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
高考英语定语从句讲解三. 定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
高考英语定语从句讲解四. 关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。
高考英语复习之定语从句关系副词的用法讲义
新高考■定语从句■关系副词的用法+专项练习定语从句-关系副词的用法当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why。
关系副词的作用如下：①指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；②在从句中充当句子成分-状语；③起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来。
（-）关系副词引导定语从句（1）w hen引导的定语从句when表示时间，指代先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词,如time, day, week, year 等。
•We will never forget the day when we flew at an altitude of 6,000 meters in the sky.---我们永远忘不了在6000米高空飞行的那一天。
【误区警示】领先行词是时间名词时，定语从句既可用when引导，也可用that或which引导，关键看关系词在从句中作何种成分。
假设关系词在定语从句中作状语，那么用when引导；假设关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，那么用that或which引导。
—Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?-你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）—Do you still remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm ?-你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that/which在从句中作宾语）（2）w here引导的定语从句where表示地点，指代先行词并在定语从句上作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place, factory, house, village 等）或表示抽象地点的名词（如position, point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere, condition, activity, job 等）。
专题09-定语从句(解析版)-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过
考点09 定语从句（解析版）【命题趋势】考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能区分定语从句；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。
【重要考向】一、关系代词引导的定语从句；二、关系副词引导的定语从句；三、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句；四、as引导的定语从句；考向一【2021浙江卷语法填空】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ______gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.【参考答案】that / which 考查定语从句/关系代词。
根据句意和句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，而先行词tool为物，故此处填关系代词that或which。
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。
1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest lastyear.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。
2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。
高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题
高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题定语从句确实是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，同时作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词（一）定语从句一样由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句先行词之后，定语从句之首，，起着连接先行词和定语从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
先行词：定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
关系代词that 人/物主语宾语Which 物主语宾语Whom 人宾语Who 人主语宾语Whose 人/物定语As 人/物主语宾语先行词在定语从句中作的语法成分关系副词when 时刻名词状语Where 地点名词状语Why 缘故reason 状语关系副词when（指时刻，在定语从句中作时刻状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指缘故，在定语从句中作缘故状语）。
who, whom, whose, which, that, as的使用先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语，用who/that,同时不能省略She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
先行词指人，在定语从句中作宾语，用whom/who/that,能够省略That is the girl whom/who/that I teach. 那个确实是我教的女孩。
先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，用which/that,同时不能省略The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 刚刚完成的那份工作专门重要。
先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，用which/that,能够省略This is the book which/that I want to read. 这确实是我想读的一本书。
高考英语语法定语从句考点突破
高考英语语法定语从句考点突破一、基本概念1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。
换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用 a , an 。
3．关系代词/ 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。
若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。
4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。
但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。
5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类：关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as关系副词：when, where, why二、基本用法1．关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题：a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。
1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。
1.I told him all (that) I know.2.He gave her everything (that) he had.2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。
1.I have read all the books (that) you gave me.2.You can take any book (that) you like.3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。
1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read.2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.4.先行词既有人又有物时。
高考英语定语从句
高考英语定语从句
高考英语定语从句是高考考试中重要的语法知识点之一。
定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，限定或说明其特定的属性、特征或身份。
在考试中，经常会出现关于定语从句的题目，需要考生掌握该知识点并正确运用。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，常见的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose；关系副词有：where, when, why。
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，通常可省略；而作
宾语或介词宾语时，不可省略。
定语从句的结构分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是对前面的名词进行限定，如果去掉该定语从句，整个句子的意思会发生改变或不完整；非限制性定语从句是对前面的名词进行补充说明，如果去掉该定语从句，整个句子的意思仍然完整。
在使用定语从句时，需要注意一些常见的错误。
比如，关系代词的选择错误（如使用which作为人的关系代词），关系代词缺失（如出现两个连续的定语从句，第二个从句中省略关系代词），以及定语从句与先行词的不一致等。
要掌握定语从句的正确使用，需要多进行相关的练习和例句的分析。
培养整体理解句子的能力，了解句子之间的逻辑关系，以便正确判断定语从句的引导词和相应位置。
总之，定语从句是高考英语考试中的重要知识点，掌握好定语
从句的用法和规则，能够在考试中更加准确地理解和完成题目。
通过多做练习和积累例句，进一步加强对定语从句的掌握和运用，提高自己的语言表达能力。
高考英语定语从句精讲
高考英语定语从句精讲定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词，放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at，who，whom，whose，which;关系副词有when，where，why等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表1.关系代词的用法(1)who, whom的用法二者都用于指人。
who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语。
在现代英语里，有时who也可代替whom在从句中作宾语。
作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）。
She wasthe one who did most of the talking。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
（作主语） The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
（作宾语）I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party.我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
（作宾语，whom可用who 代替) whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park.昨天我碰见了几个朋友，我和他们一起去了公园。
（句中的whom不能用who 代替）(2)whose的用法whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。
高考英语语法解析：定语从句
高考英语语法解析：定语从句【篇一】问1：何谓定语从句？答：修饰先行词的从句就叫定语从句。
问2：定语从句分为几种类型？答：定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
问3：限制性定语从句的构成要素有哪些？答：限制性定语从句的构成要包括先行词和关系词。
问4：什么叫先行词？答：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词就叫先行词。
问5：什么关系词？答：引导定语从句的词就叫关系词。
问6：关系词是如何分类的？答：关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
问7：关系代词包括哪些？答：关系代词包括that,which,who,whom,whose和as.问8：关系副词包括哪些？答：关系副词包括when,where和why.【篇二】问1：关系代词that和which的区别有哪些？答：1、只要关系代词that的主要情况如下：（1）先行词是不定代词all,anything,everything,little,much,nobody,nothing等时；（2）先行词被不定代词any,no,all等修饰时；（3）先行词被the last,the only,the very,just the 等修饰时；（4）先行词被序数词修饰时；（5）先行词被形容词级修饰时；（6）先行词既指人又指物时；（7）以who或whic引导的疑问句中。
如：Who is the man that is standing over there?Which is the book that you would like to take away?答：2、只用关系代词which的情况如下：（1）在非限制性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）（2）介词后【篇三】问1：关系副词有哪些？它们分别怎么样？答：关系副词包括表示时间的when,表示地点的where和表示原因的why.问2：关系副词在限制性定语从句中可以转换为什么？答：在限制性定语从句中，关系副词都可以转换为相应的介词加关系代词。
新高考专用2020_2022三年高考英语真题分项汇编专题03从句含并列连词(含答案及解析)
新高考专用2020_2022三年高考英语真题分项汇编：专题03 从句（含并列连词）新高考真题全收录—定语从句1（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.答案：that解析：考查定语从句关系词。
句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。
设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。
故填that。
2（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.答案：that/who解析：考查定语从句。
句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。
名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
3（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.答案：that/which解析：考查定语从句。
高考英语语法填空之定语从句
高考英语语法填空之定语从句一：知识储备1．确定是定语从句设空处无提示词，而设空前的主句完整；设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，考虑填定语从句关系词。
2．掌握3步法解题技巧第1步：分清限制与非限制在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
②which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一点”。
③as引导非限制性定语从句，可放句中或句首，意为“正如”。
其后的谓语动词多是be seen，be known，be reported，be mentioned，be said，is often the case等。
第2步：寻找先行词，辨别人与物①先行词指人：用that/who/whom/whose；②先行词指物：用that/which/whose等。
第3步：判断所缺成分，确定关系词①缺少主语：that/which/who；②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；③缺少介词的宾语：whom/which；④缺少定语：whose；⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语时：分别用when，where，why。
3．必记定语从句中的2个高频考点①当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，若在从句中作状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句；若作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which。
②先行词为表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语时，用when/where/why引导从句；在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that或which引导从句。
二：真题精析1．The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与)in academic life，taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源)．2．Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.3．We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.4．But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants prove that she has brains as well as beauty.5．She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.6．Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to479B．C．, influenced the development of chopsticks.7．Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.8．The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.9．My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.10．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in _which__ she distributed it to children.11．When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.三：课后练习1.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.2. I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.3. Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.4.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.5.The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.6.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7.He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.8.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.9.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.10.Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.11.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.12.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.13.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected．14.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.15.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.16.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.17.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.18.There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.19.Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.20.Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world.21.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.22.We have launched another man made satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper.23.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.24.Maria has written two novels,both of have been made into television series.25.That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.26.By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.27.The dishes I cooked were Mom’s favorite.28.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter...29.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.30.Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, you can hear some lovely music.31.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.32.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.33.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.34.Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.35.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.36.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.37.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.38. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.39. He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.40.Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.。
十年(2014-2023)高考真题英语分项汇编：专题 09 定语从句(解析版) (全国通用)
专题09 定语从句养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
2023年1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s【43题详解】考查定语从句。
句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。
这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。
故填which/that。
【44题详解】考查名词。
句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。
分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。
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定语从句考纲要求：掌握定语从句的基本知识；区分定语从句和名词性从句的性质和用法。
在具体的语境中考查非限制性定语从句的引导词以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；设置语境，考查抽象地点或时间概念的名词作先行词时关系副词的选择，甚至通过增加先行词的隐蔽性来增加试题的难度；考查定语从句的特殊句型，即：特定词汇+of whom/which 引导的定语从句。
复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
引导定语从的连接词有关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as 和关系副词when, why, where等。
这些关系代词或关系副词有替代先行词，连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当成分三个作用。
定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。
限制性从句是句子不可缺少的部分，主句和从句间不用逗号隔开。
非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，去掉不影响主句意思的完整性。
一般用逗号把主从句分开。
关系代词that不可以引导非限定性定语从句，其他可引导定语从句的连词均可引导非限定性定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
有时先行词是关系代词前的整个句子。
1.当先行词是人：关系词要用who, whom, that, whose等，其中who/that 在从句中课充当主语或宾语，whom 在从句中只能充当宾语，whose在从句中充当定语,不可省略(of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词+of whom。
)This is the man who/that can speak several foreign language.（who/that 在从句中作主语，不可省略）I like the girl (who/whom/that)you referred to yesterday.(who/whom/that 在从句中作宾语，可省略）The government tried to help the old woman whose son (of whom the son/the son of whom）died in the war. [注意：whose与所修饰名词之间无任何冠词，否则要用of whom]注意：➢若连接词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，代替人必须用whom，且不可省略There is nobody in the street to whom I can turn for help.(turn to sb for help 求助于某人)➢若介词在后面，则who, whom或that均可引导从句，且可以省略。
There is nobody in the street that /who/whom I can turn to for help.（填一填）The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.➢在下列情况下多用who或whom,而不用that①先行词是all, anyone, one, ones, those, people等时All who can dance well will be invited.（who在从句中作主语）Those who (whom)he knows will be invited.(who/whom在从句中作宾语）②在被分割的定语从句中A new teacher will come who will teach us English.③在there be句型中There is a girl who wants to see you.④一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用that引导，为了避免重复，另一个用who.Every student that is from China who likes English will have a chance to get a book.2.当先行词是物：连接词要用which，that，whose，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语；whose在从句中作定语，后直接跟名词，无冠词，若有则用of which。
（whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中做定语,相当于my, his, her, its, their 等修饰人或物。
of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词+of which或of which+名词。
）The building which/that stands in the center is our school library.（which/that在从句中作主语，不可省略）This is the book (which/that)you want.(which/that 在句中作宾语，可以省略）The building whose window (of which the window)faces south is our school library.(作定语）（填一填）Look out! Don't get close to the house ________ roof is under repair.注意：➢如果关系代词在句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，必须用which，且不可省略。
The house in which I live is near yours.The house (that/which )I live in is near yours.➢非限定性定语从句中不用that引导（填一填）The newly-built cafe, the walls of _______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.➢宜用that，不宜用which的情况①先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing, much, little, few, none ,the one等或被any ,no, the only, the very（恰好）,the last, just, every 等词修饰时，只能用that，但是先行词时something时，用that或which都可以。
Have you written down everything that Mr. Smith said?There is nothing that will stop us making progress.This is the very book that I want.This is the only problem that we can't work out.②先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时（填一填）The first place _______ I visited in Beijing is the Great Wall, ________ is the greatest place _______ I have ever visited.③先行词为特殊疑问词who，which等时Who that can climb up to the top of the hill first will get the red flag.Which is the T-shirt that fit me well?④先行词既有人又有物时We are talking about the man and his interesting stories that moved us all.⑤当先行词为the way, the time, the period 等时，关系代词常用that，但通常被省略。
This is the last time(that) I shall help you.⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时Our village isn't the small quiet place that it used to be.➢宜用which，不宜用that的场合①引导非限制性定语从句which可代表先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事”Tom came back, which made us happy.②一个句子中有两个定语时，为了避免重复，一个用that，另一个用whichLet me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.③在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用thatThis is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.3.when, where, why 引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，在定语从句中一般不可省略I know the reason why he is late.（why在从句中作原因状语）This is the house where I have lived for five years.（where 在从句中作地点状语）I will remember the day when I was admitted into this university.（when在从句中作时间状语）（填一填）The girl was arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _______ she would stay for an hour.1)when的用法when代替"at/in/on/during +which"在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词通常是time, day, morning, hour, night, week, year等I'll never forget the time when I won the prize.October 1st ,1949 was the day when/on which the People's Republic of China was founded. 2)where的用法where代替“in/at/on/under等+which”在定语从句中做地点状语。