初中英语句子成分和简单句
初中英语必备基础语法简单句和句子成分
简单句和句子成分一分析以下句子的句子成分They are standing on the playground. Fishing becomes popular. Jane finished her homework.句子的基本要素:主语+谓语主语一般由名词、代词、动名词和不定式充当。
谓语由动词或动词短语充当。
动词的词性不同,选用的句式也有所不同句子的基本要素:主语+谓语主语一般由名词、代词、动名词和不定式充当。
谓语由动词或动词短语充当。
动词的词性不同,选用的句式也有所不同1. 句型一:主语+谓语(vi) 不及物动词能表达完整的意思,She disappeared.2. 句型二:主语+系动词(Link v.)+表语1) I am a student.2) We are happy now3) My job is teaching English.用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
系动词不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语。
1表语一般跟在系动词后面;2表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、不定式、分词或介词短语充当。
系动词包括以下三类(21 words):be动词“是”; s eem 似乎,好像, appear 显得, 好像,似乎; feel 觉得感觉; look看起来;smell闻起来; taste尝起来;sound听起来;become 变得;get 变得; turn 变成; grow 逐渐变成;go 变得;fall 进入某种状态come 变成;stay保持;keep 保持; remain仍然是stand 处于某种状态;continue 继续存在3. 句型三:主语+谓语(vt. )+宾语名词或代词(n./pron)Many boys like football very much.二分析以下句子的句子成分He gave his sister a book.They made me happy.I will write you a letter.The doctor advised me to give up smoking.4. 句型4:主语+谓语(vt)+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)He brings me cookies every day. →He brings cookies to me every day. She bought me a beautiful skirt. →She bought a beautiful skirt for me.特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
初中英语 五种简单句与六种句子成分
• 常跟双宾语的动词 • +to • bring, give, lend, offer, pass, send,
show, tell, write, ask等 • +for • buy, cook, draw, make, order等
Learning from practice
• 社区服务给做坏事的人一个机会。 • community • wrongdoers • Community services offer wrongdoers an opportunity.
定语
• 形容词作定语: • The little boy needs a blue pen. • 数词作定语相当于形容词: • There are two boys in the room. • 代词或名词所有格作定语: • His name is Tom. • 介词短语作定语: • The boy in blue is Tom. • 名词作定语: • There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.
宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作, 状态,特征.
• 1) Many hands make work light. • 2) They believe it of no value. • 3) The policemen do not allow anyone to enter. • 4) He found his money stolen. • 5) Education has made him what he is today.
D. was a strong influence on her work
Practice makes perfect
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。
如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
初中英语句子成分及简单句结构
初中英语句子成分及简单句结构1. 主语(Subject):句子中具有动作或状态的人或事物。
例如:I, he, she, they, students, dogs, etc.2. 谓语(Predicate):句子中描述主语动作或状态的部分。
可以是动词、形容词、或其他能说明主语的词语。
例如:is eating, are playing, was happy, looks beautiful, etc.3. 宾语(Object):谓语动作的接受者或受影响的对象。
例如:a book, the apple, her, etc. 可以是直接宾语(直接受动作影响)或间接宾语(通过介词与动作相连)。
- 表语(Predicate Nominative):用来说明主语身份或特点的名词、代词、形容词等。
例如:She is a student.(学生是主语的身份)5. 状语(Adverbial):用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等的状语成分。
状语可以表示时间、地点、原因、方式、目的等。
例如:He runs fast.(fast修饰动词runs)简单句的结构可以是:- 主语 + 谓语:例如:I study.- 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语:例如:She likes cats.- 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补:例如:I found him tired.- 主语 + 谓语 + 表语:例如:She is a teacher.- 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语:例如:They watched a movie yesterday.- 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补 + 状语:例如:He made his mother proud with his achievements.注意:这只是初中英语句子结构的基本介绍,实际句子可能更复杂,会涉及到从句、并列结构等。
此外,句子的成分也会根据句型和句意的需要而变化。
英语句子成分和简单句五种基本句型
1、要分析句子结构,先了解英语句子成分:英语常见的句子成分主要有:主语;谓语;宾语;表语;定语;状语;同位语;宾语补足语;主语补足语。
2、英语常用句子结构:简单句;并列句;复合句。
3、英语动词简单句的五种基本类型①主系表结构【I 主语】【am 谓语】【a sports fan表语】.【It 主语】【gets谓语】【colder 表语】【in winter 时间状语】.②主谓结构They left.③主谓宾结构【I 】【need】【your help】【It 】【depends on 】【the weather】④主谓双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)结构【He 主语】【gave谓语】【me 间接宾语】【the book 直接宾语】【yesterday 时间状语】.⑤主谓复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)结构【We主语】【made谓语】【him宾语】【monitor宾语补足语】【of our class.定语】4、句子成分划分举例:【I 主语】【live in 谓语】【Shijiazhuang 宾语】,【a city 同位语】【not far from Beijing 形容词短语,后置定语】. 【简单句】【The teachers 主语】【are 谓语】【enthusiastic and friendly表语】and 【the class rooms 主语】【are 谓语】【amazing表语】.and 连接的【并列句】【I 主语】【don't think 谓语】【( that )I will be bored in Ms Shen's class 宾语从句】. 宾语从句成分【I 主语】【will be 谓语】【bored 表语】【in Ms Shen's class 介词短语,状语】【The teacher主语】【is 谓语】【a very enthusiastic定语】【woman.表语】另外,建议:最好看看语法书。
初中英语简单句基本类型及句子成分(20200523120543)
英语句子成分及简单句的基本类型句子成分学记口诀:主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无。
句子成分意义及位置充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。
通常在句子前部。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。
We study in No. 17 middle school. Jim is an American boy.Two heads are better than one. 谓语e 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
通常在主语后(除疑问、倒装句外)。
由动词或动词词组充当。
Time tries all thing.(时间检验一切)Lucy is dancing under the tree. Her parents a re both workers.宾语表示动作、行为的对象。
在及物动词或介词后。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。
Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌)These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday? 表语与系动词连用,一起构成谓语部分、说明主语的性质、特征。
常在系动词之后。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。
His father is a bus driver.My car is white. We were a t school yesterday.Health is wealth.(健康就是财富。
)定语用来修饰名词或代词。
单个词常在修饰的词前,短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。
形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。
The red one is mine. What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患难见真情。
)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词,表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。
英语句子成分及5种简单句
Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive Vi
宾语
noun 谓 宾语(直) 宾语(间) adj. / adv. Vt 语 宾语 宾补 infinitive V-ing 表语 V-l V-ed noun etc. Noun / Pronoun pronoun The + adj adj. / adv. be / feel / seem / look V-ing / Clause infinitive appear / stand / lie Infinitive V-ing / V-ed become /get / grow / turn clause go / come / remain/ keep etc. taste / smell etc.
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.
My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here.
主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、 宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成份。
完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成份,至多4个。
基本句型一: S + V(不及物动词 )
• • • • • 1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 3. The pen writes smoothly. 4. What he said does not matter. 5. They have been singing and dancing for two hours.
初中英语句子成分及简单句结构
初中英语句子成分及简单句结构一般认为句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语及补语等七种成分。
1.主语作用:说明句子的中心。
构成:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词主语从句。
位置:句首Betty likes her new bike.(名词。
They usually go to school on foot. (代词。
Two and two is four. (数词To learn a foreign language is not easy. (动词不定式短语Playing basketball after school is great fun. (动名词短语That the earth runs around the sun is known to everyone. (主语从句It is known to everyone that the earth runs around the sun. (主语从句2.谓语作用:说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样。
构成:实义动词、连系动词、情态动词及助动词。
情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,它们必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。
实义动词包括及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后要带宾语。
位置:位于主语之后。
They work very hard. (行为动词Tom is a student. Tom is handsome.(系动词+表语We can speak English very well. (情态动词+实义动词They are playing over there. (助动词+实义动词3.宾语作用:表示动作的对象或承受着。
构成:名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及宾语从句。
位置:动词或介词之后Tom bought a storybook last week. (名词----How many books do you want?----I want seven. (数词He wanted to have a cup of tea. (动词不定式短语He enjoys playing basketball. (动名词短语Our teacher said that he would go there. (宾语从句有些动词需要带两个宾语,一个是直接宾语,另一个是间接宾语。
中考英语复习---句子成分及简单句的五种基本句型
b. 代词
We all got a surprise.
c. 数词
This prize is for you two.
d. 从句
I had no idea that you were here.
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主谓(宾/宾补) / 主系表 就是一个最简单的
句子构成,被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一个
go, come, run
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a.名词 His father is a teacher.
b. 代词 This book is mine.
c. 形容词或分词短语 The leaves turn yellow in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting.
中考英语复习
句子成分及简单句的五 种基本句型
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什么是句子成分
定义:句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。 句子成分有:
主语、谓语、宾语、表语 、 定语、状语、补语、同位语
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各个成分的功能
一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。主 语一般位于__句_首___ 。
表Ad示d状yo态ur title
系动词
be
A一dd直yo保ur持title
keep, remain,stay
看A起dd来yo,ur似tit乎le
seem, appear
感Ad官d系yo动ur词title look, sound, smell , taste, feel
变得
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become, turn ,fall, grow, get,
初级中学英语词性及句子成分,句型
简单语法概况一、词性二、成分三、简单句五大句型【一】词性名词:表示人或事物的名称的词,如desk, Li ping。
形容词:修饰名词代词,表示人或事物的形状、性质或特征的,如a (big)desk, He is (good).冠词:用在名词的前面,说明这个名词所指的是什么人或物,如a pen; The book is mine.数词:表示数量或顺序的词,如one;The first bus代词:代替人或事物的名词的词,如This is Li Ping. (He) is my brother.连词:用来连接两个或两个以上的词、词组或句子的词,如Li Ping and I; He is old.动词:表示动作、行为的词,如play, like;副词:修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表动作行为的性质或特征的,如He did it (very) (well),His English is (quite )good.介词:用在名词或代词的前面,说明这个名词或代词语句中其他词的关系,如in the room, in front of me感叹词:表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的,如Oh,a【二】句子的成分在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”称和数两方面必须一致。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。
如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分和五种简单句型
句子成分和简单句型英语的句子成分有:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
其中,主语和谓语为主要成分。
一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。
即表示所属的是“什么”或是“谁”。
主语的位置:一般位于句首;由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
Theschool is far from here.She goes to school by bike.Eight is a lucky number.The blind need more help.There is a pen on the desk.Predicting the future is interesting.To be a doctor is my dream.表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态。
英语中谓语动词由系动词和行为动词来充当,句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
※分析句子的主语和谓语Mr.Li teaches English.He can play the piano.1.学习英语句子各种成分;2.学习英语句子五种简单句型。
动词的分类:1.主语2.谓语一、句子成分精讲My parents and I are having dinner.谓语动词的分类3.表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
表语的位置:用在动词be或系动词的后面。
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot.常见的系动词连系动词后要用形容词作表语,不能用副词。
4.宾语动作的对象或承受者。
放在及物动词和介词之后。
及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词。
不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等构成。
初中英语句子成分及基本句型
初中句子成分及基本句型讲义【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等。
(一) 主语:在句首,表示“是什么”或“谁"。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful girl. (名词作主语)(2)She reads books every day。
. (代词作主语)(二)谓语在主语后面,说明主语“做什么”“是什么"或“怎么样”。
(谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致)如:Lucy is a beautiful girl.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)She reads books every day。
(行为动词作谓语)(三)宾语是动作的承受者,在谓语之后由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
She reads books every day。
(名词作宾语)She often helps me.(代词作宾语)(四)表语表语在系动词后面,说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样"由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任.如:Lucy is a beautiful girl。
(名词)I feel happy.(形容词)Be动词(am,is,are,was, were)系动词表保持(keep,stay, remain)表改变(get, become,turn)感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)We should all remain careful. Remain(为系动词,careful为表语)(五) 定语通常放在它所修饰的名词之前,用来修饰名词或代词。
初中英语句子结构和句子成分讲解
初中英语句子结构和句子成分讲解句子结构是指句子的组成方式。
英语句子通常由主语、谓语和宾语组成。
句子的结构可以分为简单句、复合句和并列句。
1.简单句:由一个主语和一个谓语组成,能够独立表达完整的意思。
例如:She sings.(她唱歌。
)2.复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成,使用连词连接。
例如:I will go to the store after I finish my homework.(完成作业后我将去商店。
)主句:I will go to the store.从句:after I finish my homework.3.并列句:由两个或多个主句组成,使用连词连接。
例如:I like to swim, and my brother likes to play basketball.(我喜欢游泳,我弟弟喜欢打篮球。
)主句1:I like to swim.主句2:my brother likes to play basketball.句子成分是句子中的各部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
1.主语:句子中执行动作的人或事物,可以是一个名词、代词或名词短语。
例如:Mary is a teacher.(玛丽是个老师。
)主语:Mary2.谓语:句子中描述主语动作或状态的部分,通常是一个动词。
例如:They are swimming.(他们在游泳。
)谓语:are swimming3.宾语:接在动词后面的部分,表明动作的对象。
例如:He eats an apple.(他吃一个苹果。
)宾语:an apple4.表语:在系动词后面,用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态。
例如:She is a student.(她是个学生。
表语:a student5.定语:用来修饰名词或代词,对其进行限定或说明。
例如:The blue car is mine.(蓝色的汽车是我的。
)定语:blue6.状语:用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示时间、地点、原因等情况。
英语句子成分及五种简单句
主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.
You’ll be all right soon.
You don’t look very well.
I feel rather cold.
He seems to be ill. It appears that he is unhappy. The roses smell sweet. The mixture tasted horrible. How sweet the music sounds! The day turned out (to be) a fine one.
classroom. (介词短语) 3)Arriving there, call me up. 4)The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 5)He is very handsome.
补足语:用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状 态。分为宾补和主补。
初中英语五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释
1五种简单句基本句型1.“主语+谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。
2.“主语+谓语+宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3.“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例:He asked her to go there.分析:“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+系动词+表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。
常用的系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go,grow, turn, look, feel, seem,smell, sound, taste,等。
英语句子结构主谓宾定状补及五个简单句
▲句子成分分类
• 1.主语 • 主语是指句子谈论的主题,也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体。一
般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也 有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: • 讲述“谁” We work in a big factory.
• 讲述“什么 The classroom is very big. • • 数词作主语 Three are enough.
• Our team beat all the others.
• 3. S+V+P 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系 动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表 明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的 系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得 ),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel( 感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound( 听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持) 等。如:
• Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
• In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
• When I was young, I could swim well.
初中英语:简单句的五种基本句型
in time.
5.宾语的补足语
在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表 达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的 补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+ 宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。 如: 形容词作宾补
Don’t make your hands dirty. 副词作宾补
初中英语简单句基本类型与句子成分
英语句子成分及简单句的基本类型句子成分意义及位置充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。
通常在句子前部。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。
W e studyinNo.17middleschool.Jim isanAmericanboy.Twoheads arebetterthanone.谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
通常在主语后(除疑由动词或动词词组充当。
Time tries allthing.(时间检验一切)Lucy isdancing underthetree. 问、倒装句外)。
Herparents are bothworkers.宾语表示动作、行为的对象。
在及物动词或介词后。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。
L ove me,love mydog.(爱屋及乌)Thesegirlslike English.Didyousee him yesterday?与系动词连用,一起构成谓语部Hisfatheris abusdriver.表语分、说明主语的性质、特征。
常在名词、代词、数词、不定式、动Mycaris white.系动词之后。
名词、短语或句子。
Wewere atschool yesterday.Healthis wealth.(健康就是财富。
)定语用来修饰名词或代词。
单个词常在修饰的词前,短语或句子在被修饰形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。
T he red oneismine.Whatis his name? 的词之后。
Afriend inneed isafriendindeed.(患难见真情。
)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词,表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。
O urteacherworks veryhard.She often helpsMike.等。
位置较灵活。
Theyhadameeting inShanghai.宾语的补足语,逻辑上与宾语是由形容词、名词、介词短语等充Wenamedthebaby Lily.宾语补足语Shemadetheroom clean.“主谓”关系。
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英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。
不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。
因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。
【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当?1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。
如:The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词)We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is finve.(数词)The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词)It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
.2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。
动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。
如: 由单一动词作谓语:We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary.情态动词加主要动词:We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor.助动词加主要动词构成谓语:She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。
常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。
如:They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(介词短语)I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)He is here (副词)It’s getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hill has turned green. (形容词)4, 宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,是动作的对象或承受者。
一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。
如:He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now. (名词)They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.(代词)I want three./ Please pass me the first. (数词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。
这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。
如:He bought me a book.Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。
如:Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。
这类动词有:want,wish,hope,promise,decide,agree,choose,care等。
如:I hope to see you again.③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。
这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss,suggest,keep(on)等。
如:Do you mind my opening the window?④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。
如:Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。
如:I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。
)The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。
注意:英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫及物动词,不带宾语的叫不及物动词。
及物动词后必须跟上宾语意义才完整,不及物动词本身意义已完整,后面不跟宾语。
You may use my pen. / Do you like fish? ( 及物)Dick swims very well. / The sun rises in the east. (不及物)不及物动词可加介词再加宾语We are listening to the music.They are talking to each other.既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词的词:We are growing tomatoes. / Tomatoes grow well in our garden.They left Shanghai yesterday. / They left yesterday.My mother teaches in this school. / She teaches English.We are studying. / We study English.We began our lesson at nine. / The lecture began at nine.5. 直接宾语与间接宾语。
有些及物动词可带有两个宾语,其中一个指物(直接宾语),另一个指人(间接宾语)。
我们称为双宾语。
动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)He lent me a book. / He bought me a pen. / I have taught myself English for ten years.动词+直接宾语(物)+(to,for)+间接宾语(人)He gave his son some advice. = He gave some advice to his son.Father bought me a computer. = Father bought a computer for me.6. 定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。
如:What a beautiful kite it is!/ They have a clever son.(形容词)She is a chemistry teacher. / It is a color film.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)This song is better than that one. (代词)Do you know the young man over there? (副词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。
7. 状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。
单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。
如: Thank you very much.(副词表示程度)The old man is walking slowly. (副词表示方式)He usually gets up at six.(副词表示时间)We all work here. (副词表示地点)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语表示时间)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。
如:He is old enough to go to school.8. 宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。
“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。
如: We elected him monitor. / (名词)I found it difficult to learn English well. / The sun keeps us warm./ We find the story veryinterestingh. (形容词)I found her in the room.(介词短语)Please let him in. / I saw him out with XiaoLi. (副词)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词She came./ My head aches.主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English.主语+系动词+表语She is happy.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.She bought a book for me.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage(There +be There lies a book on the desk. )句子成分练习题( 一)(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB.didC. whomD. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas"really is.(四) 挑出下列句中的表语①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.(五) 挑出下列句中的定语①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am aiting for the sound of the other shoe!(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?(七) 挑出下列句中的状语①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?。