6定语从句
Unit 6定语从句练习3
定语从句(The Attributive Clause)（三）一、相同先行词使用不同的关系词：我们前面讲过：1)当先行词是表示时间的名词时，用关系副词when;例如：I will remember the day when I joined the Party.2)当先行词是表示地点的名词时，用关系副词where;例如：This is the house where I was born.3)当先行词是表示原因的名词时，用关系副词why;例如: This is the reason why he was late.而事实上并非如此。
我们看下面的一组句子：1. I will remember the day______ I joined the Party.I will remember the day______ we spent together.在第1组句子中，我们得到答案：a) I will remember the day _when__ I joined the Party.b) I will remember the day that/which_ we spent together.有的同学可能要问同样是表示时间的先行词the day，为什么第一句用关系副词when，而第二句关系代词that/which呢？我们可以把a)句I will remember the day ______I joined the Party.拆开就得到两个句子:①I will remember the day.②I joined the Party on the day.在这两个句子中先行词是物the day，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到: I will remember the day that/which I joined the Party on.把介词on提前，即得：I will remember the day on which I joined the Party而on which=when,亦即：I will remember the day when I joined the Party.所以第a)句填when.我们可以把b)句I will remember the day______ we spent together..拆开就得到两个句子:①I will remember the day.②we spent the day together.在这两个句子中先行词是物the day，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以得到:I will remember the day that/which we spent together.所以第b)句填that/which.我们再看一组句子：a)This is the house _______I was born.b) This is the house ________I was born in.我们可以把a)句This is the house _______I was born拆开就得到两个句子:①This is the house.②I was born in the house.在这两个句子中先行词是物the house，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到:This is the house that/which I was born in.把介词in提前，即得：This is the house in which I was born.而in which=where,亦即：This is the house where I was born..所以第a)句填where.我们可以把b)句This is the house _______I was born in.拆开就得到两个句子:①This is the house.②I was born in the house.在这两个句子中先行词是物the house，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到:This is the house that/which I was born in.所以第b)句填that/which.我们看第三组句子：a)This is the reason ________he was late.b) This is the reason ________he gave.我们可以把a)句This is the reason ________he was late.拆开就得到两个句子:①This is the reason.②He was late for the reason.在这两个句子中先行词是物the reason，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到:This is the reason that/which he was late for.把介词for提前，即得：This is the reason for which he was late.而for which=why,亦即：This is the reason why he was late..所以第a)句填why.我们可以把b)句This is the reason ________he gave.拆开就得到两个句子:①This is the reason.②He gave the reason.在这两个句子中先行词是物the reason，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以得到: This is the reason that/which he gave.所以b)句填that/which.从以上三组例子，我们可以看出，当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时并不一定用关系副词when, where, why;而可以用关系代词that/which。
高考英语复习6.定语从句（语法）
高考英语复习6.定语从句（语法）语法讲座：定语从句一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词1．先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。
在英语中，定语从句跟在被修饰词之后，所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。
2．连接定语从句，要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。
关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同，因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句，还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。
二、关系代词1．who先行词是“人”，在从句中代替主语。
注意：代替从句中的主语，who不能省略。
who的单复数由先行词决定。
但是要注意“one of +先行词”与“the only one of +先行词”的情况。
2．whom先行词是“人”，在从句中代替宾语。
whom在从句中经常可以省略，但如果在介词后面，则不能省。
3．which先行词是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或宾语。
which代替主语时，不能省略，它的单复数由先行词决定。
which 代替宾语时则经常省略，但如果在介词后面，那么也不能省略。
which的先行词有时还可以是前面的整个句子，这时它总是看成单数，也不能省略。
4．that先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或者宾语。
that代替主语时，不能省略，代替宾语时则经常省略。
that不能用在介词之后。
在以下三种情况时，我们一般不用关系代词who, whom, 和which，而只用that：1）先行词是不定代词如anything, something, all等词，或由all, every, little, any, much, the very 等词所修饰；2）先行词前有最高级形容词或序数词所修饰；3）先行词是由and连接的两个词，分别指“人”和“物”。
5．whose先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中代替定语。
whose不能省略。
如果先行词是“物”，我们也可以用sth. of which代替whose。
定语从句专题6
4.几个特殊词的关注
• • • • • ----that， whose, where， the way ， when,all (that)=what
that
1.His father died the year (that / when / in w hich) he was born. 2.He is unlikely to find the place (that / wher e / in which) he lived forty years ago. 3.I don’t like the way (that/ in which) he wa s treated. 4.This is the reason he was absent.
that----- which
• (1) 如果先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。 例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. Is there anything that I can do for you? (2) 如果先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, the best等词修饰， 关系代词常用that(指人时，可以用who),例如： This is the very book that I want to find. That is the best film that we have seen. I was the only person in my office that/who was invited.
2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题6：定语从句(一)附解析
2020年高考高考语法考点讲解与真题分析06定语从句（一）在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
考点一定语从句关系词的选择定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
关系词的选择可从两个方面入手：一是关系词在从句中所作的成分；二是先行词所指。
关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。
先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, whose；先行词指物时，关系代词用which, that, whose。
详见下表：1.关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
1. The little problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. （2017北京）A.thatB. asC. whereD. when【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是The little problems may be inspirations for great inventions，从句是_______ we meet in our daily lives。
从句修饰主句中的problem，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作meet的宾语，应用关系代词，故用that。
2．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. （2014安徽）A. WhenB. whereC. whyD. which【答案】D【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是The exact year was 2008，从句是_______ Angela and her family spenttogether in China。
语法精讲多练系列6定语从句
还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原 成完整的一句话后分别为： 1. I once studied at the school. 2. The school is the most famous in the city. 3. My father teaches English at the school.
Smith.
③ A child
parents are dead is called an orphan.
④ I'd like a room sea.
window looks out over the
⑤ A letter / is written in pencil is hard to read.
⑥ The letter / / I received from him yesterday is very important.
9. The place _______he had a good time last Sunday was the Children's Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which
10. I’ll never forget the days _____ we studied together.
A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B
11. I’ll never forget the days _____ we spent together. A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B
12. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways ____ do not do harm to other living things. A. in which B. / C. how D. that
2020优秀高考英语一轮复习 专题6 定语从句
三、介词＋关系代词的6个考查点 1．考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配。 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. 风力是一种古老的能源，也许在不久的将来我们(人类)会 再次使用它。 2．考查形容词与介词的搭配习惯。 He referred to me some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他要我去参考一些我不太熟悉的参考书。
3．why的用法。 先行词是表示原因的名词reason时，可以用why引导定语 从句，why在定语从句中作原因状语，可用for which替代。The reason why/for which he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill. 他没出席会议的原因是他生病了。
走向高考 ·英语
人教版(课标卷地区) ·高考总复习
路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索
第二部分 语法专项突破
第二部分 专题六 定语从句
一、关系代词who，whom，whose引导定语从句 1．who和whom的用法。 (1)先行词为one，ones，anyone，those指代人时。 The persons I want to talk about with you are Faye Wong and Li Yapeng，the ones who signed a divorce agreement on Friday in Urumqi. 我想和你谈论的人是王菲和李亚鹏，他们于周五在乌鲁木 齐签署离婚协议。
定语从句知识点详解(初中英语专项复习) (6)
定语从句知识点详解（初中英语专项复习）1.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。
如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.这是他为我生日送的礼物。
Do you know everybody who came to the party?你认识来宴会的每一位吗？This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。
2.关系代词和关系副词的具体用法（1）who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。
（2）whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。
如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.你要见的李先生已经来了。
（3）whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。
如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。
I know the boy whose father is a professor.我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。
（4）which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。
如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.字典是一本解释单词意思的书。
定语从句包括哪些从句
定语从句包括哪些从句定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句，以下是店铺为大家整理的定语从句包括哪些从句，希望对你有所帮助！一、限定性定语从句1、that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2、 which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3、代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略4、who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5、where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6、when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7、whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8、当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1、which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2、在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
定语从句 unit6 lesson3. 4.16
Summary 1:
who /that 作定语从句的主语或宾语，指 人其中who /that做主语时不可以省略； 做宾语时可以省略
The woman whom/that they wanted to visit is a teacher.
分解 The woman is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman. 作宾语
Summary 3: that 可以作定语从句的 主语和宾语.
可省略
who/that 1.I don’t like teachers _____
aren’t strict with us.
(whom/that) 2.He is the man I told you about.
These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which/that） he is using is made in Japan. Summary 4: which /that ，指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可 省略)
定语从句
___ The man who lives next to us is a ______ _______________ 定语从句 _ 先行词 关系词
policeman.
定语从句 ：由句子充当定语 具体特征： 1 放在名词或代词后， 2 修饰某一名词和代词（先行词），或修 饰整个主句，它相当于形容词。
which/that
期中句子备考3
1.我正在听新闻的时候忽然她关闭了收音机 。( was listening ... when...) 2.即使他有时犯几个错误，他仍是个好学生。 (even if) 3.他有如此少的钱以至于他买不起字典(so little money that ) 4.如果他昨天参加了生日聚会，他会见到他 的数学老师。（虚拟语气）
英语六种从句的类型
英语六种从句的类型
英语六种从句类型包括：
1、定语从句：用来修饰名词或代词，由关系代词或关系副词引导，例如：That is the man who helped me.
2、状语从句：用来改变句子的时态、语义或解释句子的内容，常由连接副词或连词引导，例如：He went there because he had important business.
3、表语从句：用来修饰主语，经常跟在be动词后面，由连接代词或连词引导，例如：I know that he is a doctor.
4、宾语从句：可以作实义动词或介词的宾语，常由连接代词或连词引导，例如：He said that he was very busy.
5、同位语从句：可以作名词的补充说明，由连接代词或连词引导，例如：Do you know the fact that he is ill?
6、主语从句：可以作谓语动词的主语，常由连接词或连接副词引导，例如：Whether they will come or not is uncertain.。
6种从句的区别
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分一、定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。
因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。
定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。
为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分一、定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。
因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。
定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。
为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。
一、定语从句与并列句1．用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．③Mr Li has three daughters； _____ are doctors．定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
二、定语从句与地点状语从句1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①Rice doesn't grow well _____ there is not enough water．②I still remember the farm _____ my parents worked ten years ago．定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词＋which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。
三、定语从句与强调句1．用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①It is on the morning of May 1st __ I met Liang Wei at the airport．②It is the factory ___ Mr Wang works．强调句与定语从句的区别【原题复现】27.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village_____the hostes s cooked such a nice dinner.A. where B．that C．when D. which【语法补漏】强调句与定语从句的区别是：在定语从句中一般使用关系代词that, which，who, whom或关系副词when, where，why等,先行词(中心词)一般是名词或名词短语，而在强调句中，可以用副词、介词短语或从句来作被强调的内容。
6 定语从句
定语从句
• 关系词用作从句的介词的宾语 • I am talking about friends and you can share almost everything with them. • I am talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
定语从句
• 关系词用作从句的主语 • The woman who（and she） lives next door is a famous dancer. • I like guys who have a good sense of humor.
定语从句
• 关系词用作从句的动词的宾语 • I really want to find a friend and I can trust him completely. • I really want to find a friend who I can trust completely. • He is the best grammar teacher who I have ever seen.
定语从句
• 翻译下列句子 • 愤怒就如同一个盗贼，盗取了我们的幸福时光 • Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments. • 一个富有的人不是因为他拥有的最多，而是因 为他需要的最少 • A rich maioion is not the one___ , but is the one ___. • who has the most, who needs the least.
定语从句
• I don’t like people who say one thing but do something else. • I don’t like people (who) I can’t trust. • I don’t like people (who) I have nothing in common with.
定语从句-人和物unit6
1.Chen zijiang is a paper-cutting expert __________ I whom interviewed for my article on Chinese Art. 先行词是表示人的名词时，在从句中作宾语，用whom, who, that, 引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语的关系词可省 略 who 2. A young farmer _________ wanted a wife would look at a young woman’s paper –cutting skills before marrying her. 先行词是表示人的名词时，在从句中作主语，用 who, that, 引导定语从句 3.People to ________ whom the dead person was related would make these things on special days and during festivals. 当关系代词前有介词时，用“介词+ whom‖,先行词是表 示物的名词时用“介词+ which‖
• C. his real name D. whose real name
―whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 （如题5），又能作宾语（如题4）。whose 的先行词常用来 指人（如题5），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念 （如题4），这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词 +of which‖ 。题1可变为：from the effects of which …
6 The man pulled out a gold watch, __________ were made of small diamonds. (2008陕西卷) A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 解析：“表的指针”是用钻石造的。这里涉及到了所有关系。 在定语从句中，对于事物的所有关系我们可以使用whose + 名词，the + 名词 + of which 或of which the + 名词这三 种形式。D项符合 the + 名词 + of which 结构，所以是正确 的。 7 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _______ are beyond our control. (2008湖南卷) A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 解析：factors为先行词，且为非限制性定语从句，所以答案应 该选most of which。
北师大版高一unit6定语从句
用that 而不用which的情况
5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中 Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate? Which is the star that is nearest to the earth?
用which而不用that 的情况
that , which ,whose, whom
6.The man to _w__h_o_m__ I spoke is a famous scientist. 7.The boy _w_h__o_se__ mother is dead was brought up
by his father. 8.China is a country __w_h_i_c_h_/_th_a_t___ has a long history.
关系副词的用法 一、when When可以引导限制性定语从句，先行词往往是表 示时间的名词，如day,time,year,moment,occasion等； when相当于“相应的介词 in / during / at / on等 + which” Eg: ① I still remember the day when ( = on which ） I first met Jennifer. 我仍然记得第一次见到珍妮弗的那一天。
I still remember the day on which I came here.
结论：在此句中可以用on which来替换 when.
关系副词可变为“介词＋which”
I still remember the day when I came here. on which =when
This is the house where I lived last year.
高考英语一轮复习：语法专题6(定语从句)
2016高考英语一轮复习：语法专题6（定语从句）高三英语一轮复习专题6 定语从句Ⅰ.语法单句填空1．The Gate of Fortune, from ________ top visitors can enjoy a wonderful sea view, will attract lots of tourists.答案：whose句意为：从富贵门之上远远眺望，旅游者能够享受完美的海景，这将会吸引大批的旅游者。
关系代词whose作定语修饰top。
2．At the end of the joke she gave a horse laugh ________ could be heard a street away.答案：that/which句意为：讲完笑话之后，她发出像马一样的笑声，一个街区外都能听到。
先行词为laugh，且在从句中充当主语，应用that或which。
3．—We were surprised to hear that the reason ________ she gave for her absence was ________ her mother was ill.—Yes, we saw her mother was at the supermarket that morning.答案：that/which；that句意为：——我们很惊讶地听到她为她的缺席给出的原因是她妈妈病了。
——是的，我们今早在超级市场看见她妈了。
the reason作先行词，且关系词在从句中充当give的宾语，故填that/which；第二空考查the reason... is that这个常用句型，that引导表语从句。
4．In our class there are 46 students of ________ half wear glasses.答案：whom句意为：我们班级有46名学生，其中一半都戴眼镜。
Unit 6定语从句 -袁黎
教学课题：Teaching Plan of Unit 6 Grade 9I like music that I can dance to.（第1课时）一、教学背景（Teaching background )此课题出自人教社新目标英语九年级学生用书，第六单元的第一课时。
它是九年级学生在之前学习掌握宾语从句后第一次正式接触另一种新的从句：定语从句。
之前学生对从句的结构有一定了解，这就为本单元定语从句的学习做好了铺垫，打好了基础。
二、教材分析（Teaching analysis )Unit 6的中心话题是谈论音乐，而音乐是学生最感兴趣的话题之一，它也与人们的生活密切相关。
通过本单元的学习，要求学生能够用英语谈论自己喜欢的音乐和音乐家，并说明喜欢的原因。
在谈论这个话题的同时，教会学生学习并掌握定语从句。
定语从句在初中教材中是一个很重要的知识点，学好这一单元对后面的学习很有帮助，起着承上启下的作用。
在考试中，无论是在十五个选择题中或是在阅读理解的文章中都或多或少要涉及这方面的内容。
如果不能够很好地掌握它，势必会影响学生今后对阅读文章的理解。
因此，本单元不仅是本册书的重点，在整个初中英语知识点中，都占着非常重要的地位。
而第一课时是本单元的一个起点，它围绕the music that …这一话题分别展开思维（1a）、听力（1b）、口语（1c）的训练三、教学目标（Teaching Aims and Demands）1. 知识目标:（Knowledge objects）(1) 重点：Key V ocabulary：prefer , lyric，gentle(2) 难点：Target Language：I like music that I can sing along with.I prefer music that has great lyrics.2．能力目标:（Ability Objects）(1) Enable the Ss to talk about different kinds of music and their own preferences.(2) Train the students’ listening skill.3．情感目标：（Moral Objects）(1) Let’s enjoy music. It always bring us happiness.(2) Enable the Ss to enjoy kinds of music.四、教学过程(Teaching Procedures)（一）准备阶段Before teaching, the teacher should get ready for the text and the PPT, the students should search their favorite music and singers , and they must think of the reasons.【设计说明：教师要准备的工作是备好教案，制好课件。
雅思阅读语法6--定语从句
Keys
1.工业化国家的这项指标从8.3年上升到10.2年，这表明工业化国 家的受教育年限明显加长了。 2.我想跟你谈谈一位特殊的老师，他对我的教育产生了重大影响。 3.过了一段时间，世界的生产转向其价值与大小和重量没有关系的 货物。 4.对于那些工作安稳的人来说，加薪几乎是不可能的。
填空
1. There are lots of business people ___ come to China to work and do business. (剑3,T3,S)
判断改错： （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
Keys
This is a time when adequate food resources will be assured. In Beijing there are some famous teahouses where you can sit and drink tea. One of the major reasons why this change has happened is the increased influence of TV.
He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
6.定语从句
定语从句（也称“形容词性从句）基本概念：定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词。
(关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
) 关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as等；关系副词有when、where、why等。
I.基本用法：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who 人主语，宾语D o you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom 人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingwhose 人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.that 人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.which 物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.as 人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用介词+ which where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用介词+which why 原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用介词for+ whichhow 方式方式状语Would you please tell me the way how I can get to the zoo?I have forgotten the way how to get to the railway station./II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明只用that 的情况1．先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。
大学英语词汇与语法练习6：定语从句专项练习题—答案及解析
练习6：定语从句专项练习题——答案及解析I. 定语的形式（注意，不止一种译法）请把下列短语译为英语，翻译时请注意下划线部分的形式。
1. 迅速发展的经济rapidly-developing economy 2. 网上订购的商品 the goods bought online 3. 极具竞争力的价格 a very competitive price 4. 和中国联系最为密切的艺术形式 the art form most closely related to China 5. 造成这次事故的各种因素 the various factors that led to this accident 6. 人口最多的国家 the country with the largest population 7. 成绩好的孩子 children with good grades 8. 中国南方地区著名的旅游目的地 a famous tourism destination in South China 9. 能更好地练习英语口语的机会 an opportunity to better practice spoken English 10. 中国与世界其他国家的文化交流 the the cultural cultural cultural communication communication communication between between between China China China and and other countries 11. 从美国引进的生产设备the equipment introduced from the U.S. 12.专家强烈建议的措施 the measures the experts strongly recommended II. 关系代词和关系副词A. 在以下空中填入恰当的关系代词或关系副词，是该句完整。
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• 爱是开启幸福之门的万能钥匙。 • Love is the master key which opens the gate of happiness.
• 你一定要去做自己认为做不到的事情。 • You must do the things which you think you cannot do.
【练1/2】工业化国家的这项指标从8.3年上升到10.2年， 这表明工业化国家的受教育年限明显加长了。
In industrialized countries, this number rose from 8.3 to 10.2, which shows that the length of education in industrialized countries is significantly longer.
限定性从句只用that而不同which的情况
• 主句已有疑问词who或者which时 • 先行词既有人又有物 • 先行词有all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词 • 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 • 先行词有序数词修饰时 • 先行词有the very, the only, the same, any, few, little, no, all, one of等词修饰时 • 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which， 另一个宜用that
Q1: 主干： For some people, it is impossible to increase the salary. Q2: 先行词 ---- people Q3: 引导词 ----whose Q4: 在从句中成分 whose+ job , 主
For those people whose jobs are secure, it is impossible to increase the salary.
The trees which have lost their lives are tall.
The boy a dog The boy is holding Jim . a dog The boy is is holding . . His hair is golden He has golden hair .. . The boy is holding a dog
3. The council, ___ was founded in 1996, certifies fisheries that meet high environmental standards, enabling them to use a label that recognizes their environmental responsibility. 4. Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels, ____ size and draught have increased.
• 每个人都需要真正倾听自己声音的人。 • Everyone needs someone that he feels really listen to him.
关系代词--which：
【用法一】： = that (1) 先行词：物/人 (2) 在从句中成分：主，宾，表 【用法二】： (1) 先行词：整个句子 (2) 在从句中成分：主，宾，表 (3) 特点：which前出现逗号。
He is the student ____ we are talking about. He is the student ____ is talking about us. 练：不要拒绝帮助你不熟悉的人。 • Do not refuse to help those with whom you are not familiar .
【练2/2】 这是一个能保证充足食物来源的时代。 Q1: 主干
This is the time.
Q2: 先行词： ----time Q3: 引导词： -----when Q4: 在从句中成分：时间状语（从句完整）
This is a time when adequate food resources will be assured.
2. the girl in my class 4. the blue pen 6. a story book 8. the way to the park
定语从句
She is a teacher.
The teacher teaches us English literature.
她是教我们英语文学的老师。 She is the teacher who/that teaches us English literature.
关系副词--when
(1) 先行词：表示时间的名词（time; day; year; date; moment) (2) 在从句中成分：时间状语（从句中基本 结构完整）
• 人生中总会有面对新选择的时刻。 • There will be moments in life when you are presented with new options.
关系代词--who：
(1) 先行词：人 (2) 在从句中成分：主，宾，表
练：自助者，天助之。
God helps those who help themselves.
我想跟你谈谈一位特殊的老师，他对我的教育产生 了重大影响。
I would like to tell you about a special teacher who had a big influence on my education.
关系代词--whose：
(1) 先行词：人/物 (2) 在从句中成分：定语 (3) 特点： whose + n. -----主宾表
• 【练1/2】幸运从不帮助没有勇气的人。
• Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails.
【练2/2】 对于那些工作安稳的人来说，加薪几 乎是不可能的。
【练2/2】 1994到1995年期间出现了很大的增长，这种 情况在未来的几年里很可能还会持续下去。 Q1: 主干 There emerged a great increase. Q2: 先行词 ----- 整句话 Q3: 引导词 -----which Q4: 在从句great increase from 1994 to 1995, which likely continued into the following years.
关系副词--where
(1) 先行词：表示地点的名词 (2) 在从句中成分：地点状语（从句中基本 结构完整）
• 工作是幸福之所在。 • Work is the place where happiness lies.
• 【练2/2】 在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那 里你可以坐下来喝茶.
• In Beijing there are some famous teahouses where you can sit and drink tea.
【练2/2】不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。
• Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they are not doing well.
非限定性定语从句
1.The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. 2.Loris is going to marry Mark, whom she does not love.
5. Since the early years of the twentieth century, _____ the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. 6. The action takes place in underground cities ____ the environment is controlled by computers.
The boy who/that is holding a dog is Jim .
The boy who/that has golden hair is holding a dog.
引导词
关系代词： that, which, who，whom，whose 关系副词： when，where，why
关系代词--that：
(1) 先行词：人/物 (2) 在从句中作成分：主，宾，表
成就自己能力范围内的一切。 Be all that you can be.
• 我想告诉你一件会使你感到惊奇的事情。 • I'd like to tell you something that will make you surprised.
只用which而不用that的情况
• 引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that； • 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用 which而不用that； • 如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that, 那 么另一句的关系词就需用 which.
Examples
青年人需要拥有抱负和梦想，这是他们的特权。 The youth need to have ambitions and dreams, which is their privileges.