欧盟关于制剂研发的指导原则-翻译
欧盟GMP附录15确认和验证中英文新版
欧盟GMP附录15确认和验证欧盟GMP附录15确认和验证ANNEX 15 附件15Qualification and Validation确认和验证Table of Contents 目录1. Qualification and Validation 确认和验证2. Planning for Validation 验证计划3. Documentation 文件4. Qualification 确认5. Process Validation 工艺验证6. Cleaning Validation 清洁验证7. Change Control 变更控制8. Revalidation 再验证9. Glossary 术语表Qualification and Validation 确认和验证Principle 原理1.This Annex describes the principles of qualification and validation which are applicable to the manufacture of medicinal products. It is a requirement of GMP that manufacturers identify what validation work is needed to prove control of the critical aspects of their particular operations. Significant changes to the facilities, the equipment and the processes, which may affect the quality of the product, should be validated. A risk assessment approach should be used to determine the scope and extent of validation.1.本附件描述了确认和验证的原理,适用于医药产品的生产者。
欧盟GMP指南 第5章生产(中英文20150123)
EU GMP 第1部分第5章生产——增加基因毒性的评估生效时限2015-02-25 11:50:00(粉色字为2015年1月23日新增内容,红字斜体为2014年8月13日修订内容)Ref. Ares(2015)283689 - 23/01/2015 EUROPEAN COMMISSIONHEALTH AND CONSUMERS DIRECTORATE-GENERALPublic Health and Risk AssessmentMedicinal products – quality, safety and efficacyBrussels, 13 August 2014Ares(2014)2674301EudraLexThe Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European UnionVolume 4EU Guidelines forGood Manufacturing Practice forMedicinal Products for Human and Veterinary UsePart 1Chapter 5: Production人兽药EU GMP指南第1部分第5章:生产Legal basis for publishing the detailed guidelines: Article 47 of Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use and Article 51 of Directive 2001/82/EC on the Community code relating to veterinary medicinal products. This document provides guidance for the interpretation of the principles and guidelines of good manufacturing practice (GMP) for medicinal products as laid down in Directive 2003/94/EC for medicinal products for human use and Directive 91/412/EEC for veterinary use.Status of the document: Revision [a]Reasons for changes: Changes have been made to sections 17 to 20 to improve the guidance on prevention of cross-contamination and to refer to toxicological assessment guidance. Changes were also introduced in sections 26 to 28 on the qualification of suppliers in order to reflect the legal obligation of manufacturing authorisation holders to ensure that active substances are produced in accordance with GMP. The changes include supply chain traceability. Section (33) is inserted to clarify and harmonise expectations of manufacturers regarding the testing of starting materials while section (68) introduces guidance on notification of restrictions in supply.变更理由:对17-20条进行变更,以改进指南中防止交叉污染的部分,及引用毒理学评估指南。
ICH Q8(中英文)
ICH Q8(中英文)blueski推荐[2009-12-20]出处:Julia的blog作者:不详INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline ICH三方协调指南Pharmaceutical Development药物开发Q8Recommended for Adoption at Step 4 of the ICH Process on 10 November 2005 by the ICH Steering Committee ICH指导委员会2005年11月10日ICH第四阶段推荐采用This Guideline has been developed by the appropriate ICH Expert Working Group and has been subject to consultation by the regulatory parties, in accordance with the ICH Process. At Step 4 of the Process the final draft is recommended for adoption to the regulatory bodies of the European Union, Japan and USA. 本指南根据ICH规程由合适的ICH专家工作组起草并经向法规部门咨询。
在规程的第4步,建议欧洲共同体、日本和美国的药政部门采用其最终的草案。
TABLE OF CONTENTS目录1. INTRODUCTION简介 (1)1.1 Objective of the Guideline指南目的 (1)1.2 Scope范围 (1)2. PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT药物开发 (1)2.1 Components of the Drug Product制剂产品的组分 (4)2.1.1 Drug Substance活性成分 (4)2.1.2 Excipients辅料 (4)2.2 Drug Product制剂 (5)2.2.1 Formulation Development配方开发 (5)2.2.2 Overages超量 (6)2.2.3 Physicochemical and Biological Properties物化和生化性质 (7)2.3 Manufacturing Process Development制造工艺开发 (7)2.4 Container Closure System容器系统 (9)2.5 Microbiological Attributes微生物属性 (9)2.6 Compatibility兼容性 (10)3. GLOSSARY术语 (11)1. INTRODUCTION 简介1.1 Objective of Guideline 指南目的This guideline describes the suggested contents for the 3.2.P.2 (Pharmaceutical Development) section of a regulatory submission in the ICH M4 Common Technical Document (CTD) format. 本指南就 CTD 格式申请文件中第3.2.P.2 章:药物开发需要叙述的内容给出了建议。
欧盟 GMP中英文对照
The GMPs tell us what to do, they do not tell us how to do it. 药品生产管理规范告诉我们做什么,而不告诉我们怎样 做。
How comes from: 怎样来源于: – industry standard practice and guidelines 工业标准规范和指南
5
GMP Variations GMP的差异
• The overall principles of Good Manufacturing Practice are similar whether we follow the WHO Guidelines, the EU Guidelines or the FDA guidelines 不管是世界卫生组织指南、欧洲指南,还是美国食品药物管理局指 南,药品生产管理规范的总体原则是相似的 • There are numerous variations in the application of these principles 这些原则在应用上有些差异 • The enforcement of the guidelines varies between different regulatory authorities 不同法规组织在指南的实施上存在差异 • The approach taken by individual inspectors varies 不同检查人员所采用的方法存在差异 • The approach taken by different regulatory authorities varies 不同法规组织所采用的方法存在差异
12
EU Guidelines to GMP 欧洲GMP指南
• Annex 1 Manufacture of Sterile Medicinal Products 附录一 无菌药品的生产 • Annex 2 Manufacture of Biological Medicinal Products for Human Use 附录二 人用生物药品的生产 • Annex 3 Manufacture of Radiopharmaceuticals 附录三 放射药品的生产 • Annex 4 Manufacture of Veterinary Medicinal Products other than Immunological Veterinary Medicinal Products 附录四 非免疫动物药品的生产 • Annex 5 Manufacture of Immunological Veterinary Medicinal Products 附录五 免疫动物药品的生产
欧盟关于生物仿制药的法规文件European regulatory guidelines for biosimilars
European regulatory guidelines for biosimilarsAndrzej Wiecek 1and Ashraf Mikhail 21Department of Nephrology,Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases,Medical University of Silesia,Katowice,Poland and 2Department of Renal Medicine,Morriston Hospital,Swansea,UKAbstractThe impending arrival en masse of biosimilars on Western markets is placing drug regulatory agencies under pressure to realign their policies.Biosimilars require more rigorous assessments than traditional chemical generics.This is because of the molecular complexity of recombinant proteins,and the complex-ity of biological manufacturing processes.Small differences can arise in a recombinant protein product which are hard or impossible to detect with even state-of-the-art analytical techniques.Yet,these differences can have significant impact on the safety and efficacy of the drug.The European Medicines Agency (EMEA)has taken the lead in issuing guidelines,most of which are still under review.The guidelines advocate pre-clinical and clinical testing of biosimilars prior to market authorization,complemented by tailored pharmacovigilance plans.These guidelines provide a valuable base from which to develop in this evolving regulatory environment.Keywords:biopharmaceuticals;biosimilars;EMEA;regulatory guidelinesIntroductionA generation of biotechnology-derived therapeutic agents are reaching the end of their patent lives,heralding the market entry of biosimilars.However,recombinant proteins are associated with a number of issues which distinguish them from traditional chemical drugs and their generics.Recombinant proteins are highly complex at the molecular level,and biological manufacturing processes are highly elaborate:they involve cloning,selection of a suitable cell line,fermentation,purification and formulation.In addition,the therapeutic properties of recombinantproteins are highly dependent on each step of the manufacturing process.The result is that different manufacturing processes yield a unique product,which may have a distinctive safety and efficacy profile (hence the name ‘biosimilar’instead of ‘biogeneric’,which implies identity).A biosimilar may differ significantly from a reference brand product.Furthermore,such differences may not be detectable with even state-of-the-art analytical techniques.The only certain way to assess the safety and efficacy of a biosimilar is to conduct pre-clinical and clinical tests.Are current regulations adequate?Current European Union (EU)legislation is embodied in three documents,dating from 2001onwards.The first covers items such as blood-derived products and vaccines [1],without referring specifically to biotechnology-derived drugs.Article 10contains a paragraph which remains the object of contention:‘The applicant shall not be required to provide the results of toxicological and pharmacological tests or the results of clinical trials if he can demonstrate:(i)either that the medicinal product is essentially similar to a medicinal product authorised in the Member State ...(ii)or that the constituent or constituents of the medicinal product have a well established medicinal use,with recognised efficacy and an acceptable level of safety,by means of a detailed scientific bibliography’.The first point importantly lacks a precise definition of ‘essentially similar’,while the second ignores the significant differences that can occur between manufac-turing processes.An amendment in 2003[2]describes recombinant proteins as a ‘new class of biological medicinal product’,but provides no further guidance.The last update,in 2004[3],begins to broach the topic of biosimilars,stating ‘Biological medicinal products similar to a reference medicinal product do not usually meet all the conditions to be considered as a generic medicinal product mainly due to manufacturing process characteristics.When a biological medicinal product does not meet all the conditions to be considered as aCorrespondence and offprint requests to : A.Wiecek,Department of Nephrology,Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease,Medical University of Silesia,Francuscka St 20-40,40-027Katowice,Poland.Email:awiecek@spskm.katowice.plNephrol Dial Transplant (2006)21[Suppl 5]:v17–v20doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl477ßThe Author [2006].Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA.All rights reserved.For Permissions,please email:journals.permissions@by guest on October 18, 2013/Downloaded from 谭阳2013.10.18generic medicinal product,the results of appropriate tests should be provided in order to fulfil the require-ments related to safety(pre-clinical tests)or to efficacy (clinical tests)or to both’.Although this amendment recognizes the difference between biosimilars and classical generics,the document does not delve any deeper into the matter.The European Medicines Agency(EMEA),a decen-tralized body of the EU,has taken the lead in bridging the gap.The EMEA’s Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products(CPMP),and its descendant,the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP),have issued a number of guidance documents. The overarching document,CHMP/437[4],sets the scene by recognizing that the generic approach no longer suffices where biosimilars are concerned.The other documents can be categorized according to their focus on quality or clinical issues,or their focus on changes to an existing manufacturing process or an entirely new process.An important distinction to be made in this regard is between‘comparability’,which assesses products preceding and following a change in manufacturing process,and‘similarity’,which assesses products from entirely different manufacturing pro-cesses,with a focus on safety and efficacy.The guidelines pertaining to changes in a manufacturingprocess have already been approved[4–6],although the document on quality issues will be superseded by the QE5document from the ICH(International Conference on Harmonisation).The ICH seeks to harmonize regulatory processes across the US,Europe and Japan.EMEA guidelines relevant to new manu-facturing processes for biosimilars are still under review [7,8].They are supplemented by a number of Concept Papers,which provide the basis for a case-by-case approach.EMEA structureEuropean guidelines are being generated through consultation both within the EMEA and externally (Figure1).Internally,the CHMP collaborates with a number of Working Parties(WP)through scientific advice and peer review.An important WP is the Biological WP(BWP)which operates closely with the Safety WP and Quality WP.The BWP’s remit includes developing guidelines on quality and clinical requirements for biologics,and participation in the shaping of ICH guidelines.Externally,the EMEA/CHMP operates within a network including Scientific Advisory Groups(SAGs),the National Competent Authorities(NCAs)of EU Member States,patient groups,universities and academic societies.Finally,the EMEA welcomes and encourages input from practicing physicians.Together,these groups aim to reach a consensus on medicinal products containing biotechnology-derived active substances.EMEA guidelinesGuidelines for changes in a manufacturing process The guidelines for quality[6]and clinical[7]studies required after a change in a manufacturing process advocate a case-by-case approach.The quality checks depend on the nature of the recombinant protein and the nature of the manufacturing change.Whether pre-clinical or clinical studies are required depends chiefly on the results from the quality assessment,and particularly on the ability of analytical techniques to characterize the biological product.All variations must be tracked within the pharamacovigilance database for the product.Guidelines for novel manufacturingprocesses(Biosimilars)The relevant guidelines,yet to be approved,were published in2005[7,8].They reaffirm the principles which are applicable to innovator companies, e.g. the applicants should demonstrate the consistency and robustness of their manufacturing process. Studies for biosimilars always have to be carried out in comparison with the original reference product. They involve batteries of in vitro assays,impurity profiling,and clinical pharmacokinetic(PK)and pharmacodynamic(PD)studies.Generally,clinical efficacy trials will be warranted,complemented by immunogenicity tests using validated assays.As ever, a post-approval continued benefit-risk assessment (pharmacovigilance plan)isnecessary.Fig.1.Diagram illustrating the interactions within the European Medicines Agency(EMEA)and between the EMEA and external groups.Ongoing peer review and scientific advice is given between the EMEA’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP)and various Working Parties(WPs).Discussion and input is encouraged from practicing physicians(including nephrologists), National Control Authorities(NCAs),Clinical Trials Authorities (CTAs),Working Parties(WPs),Scientific Advisory Groups(SGAs) and academics.v18 A.Wiecek and A.MikhailBiosimilar-specific guidelinesThe Concept Papers and their annexes provide guidance specific for certain biological products,and have been published for recombinant human insulin [9,10],growth hormone(GH)[11,12],granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(GCSF)[13,14]and epoetin (EPO)[15,16].They provide specific details on the various studies which need to be carried out for biosimilars,both pre-clinical and clinical.Further, such Concept Papers will progressively appear accord-ing to demand.The annexe to the insulin Concept Paper[9]places special emphasis on the comparative nature(relative to an innovator brand)of the studies.The PK properties of the biosimilar and the reference product should be assessed in a single-dose crossover study using subcutaneous administration.Provided that equiva-lence can be concluded from PK and PD data,there is no anticipated need for clinical efficacy studies. However,immunogenicity issues can only be settled by a clinical study with a comparative phase of at least 6months,followed by pharmacovigilance procedures. The annexe to the growth hormone Concept Paper [11]resembles the insulin annex,with a few noteworthy differences.Besides references to specific bioassays and PD markers,the main difference is that equivalent therapeutic efficacy between the biosimilar and the reference product should be demonstrated in at least one adequately powered,randomized,parallel group,confirmatory clinical trial.Treatment-naıve children with growth hormone deficiency are recommended as the target population,as they provide the most sensitive model.The annexe to the EPO Concept Paper[15]outlines somewhat more stringent requirements,reflecting the greater molecular complexity of EPO compared with insulin or GH.At least two adequately powered, randomized,parallel group clinical trials are necessary. Safety data over at least12months from at least300patients treated with the biosimilar in the efficacy trials is considered sufficient to provide an adequate pre-marketing safety database,and to exclude excessive immunogenicity.Treatment-naıve patients(or patients who have not received EPO treatment for at least3months)with renal anaemia are recommended as the target population,as they provide the most sensitive model.As ever,a rigorous pharmacovigilance plan is required,and special attention should be paid to the possibility of antibody-induced pure red cell aplasia(PRCA). DiscussionThe market for biotechnology-derived medicinal products is evolving rapidly with the imminent entry of biosimilars.Recombinant proteins are associated with a host of complex quality,safety and efficacy issues,and biosimilars are associated with a number of uncertainties.Nevertheless,the EMEA has forged ahead in providing guidance for national regulatory bodies in Europe.The EMEA guidelines are,however, a work in progress,and readers should consult the EMEA web site(www.emea.eu.int)for the latest updates.Some sections of the guidelines are still controver-sial.For instance,it is stated that comparative clinical trials can be foregone if the biosimilar can be characterized in detail by physicochemical and in vitro techniques,or alternatively that comparative PK/PD studies can replace clinical trials.The annex to the insulin Concept Paper echoes this:efficacy data need not be provided if equivalence can be concluded from PK and PD data.In contrast,the other three Concept Papers regard comparative clinical studies as a necessity.However,non-clinical studies cannot guarantee similarity,and therefore should not be allowed to replace clinical studies where biosimilars are concerned.The emphasis on adequate screening for immuno-genicity events is well-warranted,given the incidence of PRCA.Post-marketing monitoring is an essential component in tracking rare but serious adverse events like these.The guidelines state that immuno-genicity analyses should be performed especially in cases where repeated administration is proposed.A useful addition to the guidelines would be to require branding of biosimilars,to allow optimal and accurate pharmacovigilance.Currently,no legal framework exists in the US for the approval of biosimilars,and the FDA have released no guidance documents.The EMEA has provided a valuable base for EU legislation to evolve from.However,if we wish to ensure patient safety with the arrival en masse of biosimilars to the market, it is imperative that their unique characteristics be recognized.Accrued experience will then allow regulatory authorities to optimally match guidelines to the genuine risks and benefits associated with biosimilars.Conflict of interest statements.A.W.has participated in meetings sponsored by Roche.A.M.has participated in meetings sponsored by Roche,Janssen-Cilag and Amgen.References1.The European Parliament and the Council of the EuropeanUnion.Directive2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of6November2001on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use.Official Journal of the European Union2001;67–1282.The Commission of the European missionDirective2003/63/EC of25June2003amending Directive2001/ 83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use.Official Journal of the European Union2003;46–943.The European Parliament and the Council of the EuropeanUnion.Directives2004/27/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of31March2004amending Directive2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use.Official Journal of the European Union2004;34–57European regulatory guidelines for biosimilars v19mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.Guidelineon similar biological medicinal products.CHMP/437/042005 mittee for Proprietary Medicinal Products.Guideline oncomparability of medicinal products containing biotechnology-derived proteins as active substance.Non-clinical and clinical issues.EMEA/CPMP/3097/02/Final2003mittee for Proprietary Medicinal Products.Guideline oncomparability of medicinal products containing biotechnology-derived proteins as active substance:quality issues.EMEA/ CPMP/BWP/3207/00/Rev12003mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.Guidelines on similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology-derived proteins as active substance:quality issues.European Medicines Agency.EMEA/CHMP/BWP/ 49348/2005,23November2005mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.Guideline on similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology-derived proteins as active substance:non-clinical and clinical issues.EMEA/CHMP/42832/2005mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.Annexguideline on similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology-derived proteins as active substance:non-clinical and clinical issues.Guidance on similar medicinal products containing recombinant human insulin.EMEA/CHMP/32775/ 2005mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.ConceptPaper,similar biological medicinal products containing recom-binant human insulin.Annex to the guideline for the develop-ment of similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology derived proteins as active substance:(Non) clinical issues.CHMP/Comparability Working Party/146710/ 2004mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.Annex guideline on similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology-derived proteins as active substance:non-clinical and clinical issues.Guidance on similar medicinal products containing somatropin.EMEA/CHMP/ 94528/2005mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.ConceptPaper,similar biological medicinal products containing recom-binant human growth hormone.Annex to the guideline for the development of similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology derived proteins as active substance:(Non) clinical issues.CHMP/Comparability Working Party/146489/ 2004corr.2004mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.Annexguideline on similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology-derived proteins as active substance:non-clinical and clinical issues.Guidance on biosimilar medicinal products containing recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor.EMEA/CHMP/31329/2005mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.ConceptPaper,similar biological medicinal products containing recom-binant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor.Annex to the guideline for the development of similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology derived proteins as active substance:(Non)clinical issues.CHMP/Comparability Working Party/146701/2004mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.Annexguideline on similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology-Derived proteins as active substance:non-clinical and clinical issues:guidance on biosimilar medicinal products containing recombinant erythropoietins.European Medicines Agency.EMEA/CHMP/94526/2005mittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.ConceptPaper,similar biological medicinal products containing recombi-nant human erythropoietin.Annex to the guideline for the develop-ment of similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology derived proteins as active substance:(Non)clinical issues.CHMP/Comparability Working Party/146664/2004v20 A.Wiecek and A.Mikhail。
欧盟关于制剂研发的指导原则-翻译
欧盟专卖医药产品委员会(简称CPMP)制剂开发指导说明开发制剂指导原则75/318/EEC附件的关于申请的第二部分A.4部的内容经修订,产品授权上市必需这些数据。
1. 引言制剂开发研究需要常规开展并建立剂型的选择,并且所建议的剂型适合于申请中指定目的。
目的在于确定对批次重复性很关键的配方和工艺过程,因此需要常规监测。
由于活性成分和剂型种类繁多,本指导原则仅仅是对信息类型的说明,而这些信息在建立影响成品质量的要素时是非常有用的。
在本文所阐述的一般原则之后,个别指导原则已经在特定类型产品中予以阐述。
本文所阐述的原则主要适用于含化学活性物质产品,可能不适用于其他产品。
对于生物制品,例如疫苗、血液制品,另外的方法可能是合适的。
2. 产品的组成2.1 活性物质2.1.1 相容性应该在合适处提供活性物质与辅料相容性研究结果。
在产品组合固定情况下,应该提供活性成分之间的相容性研究结果。
如果能够的话,应该提供初步稳定性研究结果,作为支持数据。
2.1.2 物理化学特性活性成分的处方测试可以提供有用的信息。
在选择有关建议剂型和给药途径时,有必要考虑到活性成分的物理化学特性。
当物理参数可变、并且是影响产品质量的关键时,需要以可接受的标准制定合适的方法或者以其他合适的方法,控制活性成分的规格。
这可能导致:相对于较简单的剂型(例如溶液剂),用于特定剂型(例如固体制剂)的活性物质,需要进行额外的物理特性测试或药典专论项下的测试。
需要检测的物理特性可能包括溶解性能、含水量、粒径和晶型等。
i) 溶解性能可以影响剂型的选择和分析方法的选择。
ii) 含水量能影响其他参数,例如晶型、粒径,从而影响稳定性。
iii) 粒径可能影响生物利用度、含量均匀性、悬浮性、溶解性能和稳定性。
iv) 晶型和多态性可能影响溶解度、生物利用度或稳定性。
显然,这些参数相互作用,需要结合起来考虑。
影响生物利用度的关键参数的合适限度,来自于在体内有可接受表现的产品批次。
包材指导原则--欧盟
译者:高杨校译:许真玉按语:2003年10月欧盟药品评价管理局(EMEA)起草了直接接触塑料包装材料指导原则(GUIDELINE ON PLASTIC IMMEDIATE PACKAGING MATERIALS),并与2005年12月1日发布。
该指导原则根据风险级别,对于直接接触原料药或制剂的塑料包材应进行哪些研究,如何在申报资料中呈现,提供了指导意见。
这一指导原则对于我国直接接触药品的塑料包材研究具有很高的借鉴意义。
因此笔者进行了翻译,特此供业界参考研究。
以下为指导原则正文。
目录1 介绍1.1 目标1.2 概述1.3 一般原则2 在申请上市文件中的位置3 应提交的数据3.1 总体信息3.2 质量标准4 提取研究5 相互作用研究5.1 迁移(浸出)研究5.2 吸附研究6 毒理学资料/文献7 术语解释附件1 申报资料决策树附件2 塑料包装材料申报资料决策树附件3 提交信息对照表1 介绍1.1 目标制定本指导原则旨在替代《医药产品管理办法》3AQ10a的“直接接触塑料包装材料指导原则”,同时进一步强调在原料药和制剂申请上市时,应针对其直接接触药品的塑料包装材料提供相关信息。
本指导原则涉及人用药品和兽药所用的直接接触药品的塑料包装材料的申请。
对于人用药品,本指导原则涉及欧盟法规2003/63/EC(法规2001/83/EC的修正版)附录I第一部分第3单元的章节3.2.1.6、3.2.2.2和3.2.2.7;对于兽药,则涉及欧盟法规2001/82/EC的附录I第二部分的章节A、C和G。
1.2 概述本指导原则囊括了对直接接触药品塑料包装材料的具体要求。
对于其他包装材料或容器密封系统的特性,如包材性能,本指导原则不会考虑为它们制定一个合适的总体要求。
本指导原则范围仅限于直接接触药品塑料包装材料,也就是与原料药或制剂发生直接接触的包装材料,它们可能只是容器密封系统中的容器、封盖或其他部件的某一部分。
弹性体、天然和人工橡胶不在本指导原则范围之内。
欧盟GMP中英文对照之欧阳光明创编
European Union欧阳光明(2021.03.07)药品生产质量管理规范GUIDE TO GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE FORMEDICINAL PRODUCTS目录第一章质量管理CHAPTER 1: QUALITYMANAGEMENT原则................................................................................................................. (5)Principle...................................................................................................... .. (5)质量保证................................................................................................................. .. (5)Quality Assurance.................................................................................................... (5)药品生产质量管理规范(GMP) (7)Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products (7)质量控制(QC)............................................................................................................. . (9)Quality Control......................................................................................................... (9)产品质量回顾................................................................................................................. .. (10)第二章人员CHAPTER 2:PERSONNEL.............................................................................................. 11 ......................................................................................................................... . (11)Principle...................................................................................................... . (11)......................................................................................................................... . (12)General........................................................................................................ (12)关键人员................................................................................................................. (12)Key Personnel..................................................................................................... .. (12)培训................................................................................................................. .. (12)Training....................................................................................................... (15)人员卫生................................................................................................................. . (16)Personnel Hygiene....................................................................................................... . (16)第三章厂房和设备CHAPTER 3: PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT (18)原则................................................................................................................. .. (18)Principle...................................................................................................... (18)厂房................................................................................................................. (18)Premises......................................................................................................通则................................................................................................................. (18)General........................................................................................................ (18)生产区................................................................................................................. . (19)Production Area............................................................................................................. ...........19贮存区................................................................................................................. . (21)Storage Area............................................................................................................. . (21)质量控制区................................................................................................................. (22)Quality Control Area (22)附助区................................................................................................................. . (22)Ancillary Areas........................................................................................................... .. (22)设备................................................................................................................. (23)Equipment................................................................................................... (23)第四章文件CHAPTER 4: DOCUMENTATION.................................................................................. (24)原则.................................................................................................................Principle...................................................................................................... (24)通则................................................................................................................. (25)General........................................................................................................ (25)文件要求................................................................................................................. (27)Documents Required...................................................................................................... .. (27)Specifications.............................................................................................. . (27)Specifications for starting and packaging materials (27)Specifications for Intermediate and Bulk Products (27)Specifications for Finished Products (28)Manufacturing Formulae and Processing Instructions (28)Packaging Instructions.................................................................................................. . (30)Batch Processing Records (31)Batch Packaging Records (32)Procedures and Records........................................................................................................ .33 Receipt......................................................................................................... . (34)Sampling..................................................................................................... .. (34) (35)Other............................................................................................................ . (35)第五章生产CHAPTER 5: PRODUCTION........................................................................................... (36)原则................................................................................................................. (36)Principle...................................................................................................... .. (36)通则........................................ ........................................................................ . (36)General........................................................................................................ .. (36)生产过程中对交叉污染的预防 (39)Prevention of Cross-contamination in Production (39)验证................................................................................................................. (40)Validation.................................................................................................... (40)原料................................................................................................................. (41)Starting Materials...................................................................................................... . (41)生产操作:中间产品和待包装产品 (42)Processing Operations: Intermediate and Bulk Products (42)包装材料................................................................................................................. (43)Packaging (43)包装操作................................................................................................................. (44)Packaging Operations................................................................................................... . (44)成品................................................................................................................. (46)Finished Products....................................................................................................... (46)不合格、回收料和退货物料 (46)Rejected, Recovered and Returned Materials (46)第六章质量控制CHAPTER 6: QUALITY CONTROL (48)原则................................................................................................................. (48)Principle...................................................................................................... (48)通则................................................................................................................. (48)General........................................................................................................ (48)质量控制实验室规范 (49)Good Quality Control Laboratory Practice (49)Documentation............................................................................................ . (49)Sampling..................................................................................................... (50)Testing......................................................................................................... .. (52)销售产品的稳定性考察 (54)第七章委托生产与委托检验CHAPTER 7: CONTRACT MANUFACTURE AND ANALYSIS (55)原则................................................................................................................. (55)Principle...................................................................................................... (55)通则................................................................................................................. (56)General........................................................................................................ (56)委托方................................................................................................................. .. (56)The Contract Giver............................................................................................................ . (56)受托方................................................................................................................. . (57)The Contract Acceptor...................................................................................................... .. (57)合同................................................................................................................. (58)The Contract....................................................................................................... . (58)第八章投诉与召回CHAPTER 8: COMPLAINTS AND PRODUCT RECALL (59)原则................................................................................................................. (59) (59)投诉................................................................................................................. (59)Complaints.................................................................................................. . (59)召回................................................................................................................. .. (60)Recalls......................................................................................................... .. (60)第九章自查CHAPTER 9: SELF INSPECTION (61)原则................................................................................................................. . (61)Principle...................................................................................................... . (61)附件8 原辅料和包装材料的取样ANNEX8 SAMPLING OF STARTING AND PACKAGING MATERIALS (63)原则................................................................................................................. . (63)Principle...................................................................................................... . (63)人员................................................................................................................. . (63)Personnel..................................................................................................... . (63)原辅料................................................................................................................. (63)Starting materials...................................................................................................... (64)包装材 (65)Packaging material........................................................................................................ .. (65)第一章质量管理CHAPTER 1 QUALITY MANAGEMENTPrinciple原则生产许可证持有厂家只能生产医药产品,以确保药品符合其预期的使用目的,符合销售许可证的要求,并不因药品安全性、质量或药效方面的问题而给患者带来风险。
欧盟GMP中英文对照
European Union药品生产质量管理规范GUIDE TO GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS目录第一章质量管理CHAPTER 1: QUALITY MANAGEMENT原则.。
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5药品生产质量管理规范(GMP)。
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欧盟GMP中英文对照
欧盟GMP中英文比较————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期:EuropeanUnion药品生产质量管理规范GUIDETOGOOD MANUFACTURINGPRACTICEFORMEDICINAL PRODUCTS目录第一章质量管理CHAPTER1:QUALITYMANAGEMENT原则................................... ..................................................................................................................5rinciple..................................................................................................................................... ............. (5)质量保证........................................................................................................................................ (5)QualityAssurance................................................................. ....................................................................5药品生产质量管理规范(GMP)...............................................................7......GoodManufacturingPracticeforMedicinalProducts........................................................................... (7)质量控制(QC).... ............................................................................................................................ (9)Quality Control..........................................................................................................................................9产质量量回顾..................................................................................................................................10第二章人员CHAPTER2:PERSONNEL............................................11原则......................................11Principle..................................................................................................................................11通则....................................................................................................................... (12)General...................................................................................................................................12关键人员...............................................................................................................................................12eyPersonnel...........................................................................................................................................12培训..........................................................................................................................................................12Training..................................................................................................................................15人员卫生......................................16..........................................................................................................Personnel Hygien e...................................................................................................................................16第三章厂房和设备CHAPTER3:PREMISESANDEQUIPMENT..............................................................................18原则..................................................................................................................................... (18)Principle....................................................................................................................................18厂房.........................................................................................................................................18Premises... .................................................................................................................................18通则.......................................................................................................................... (18)Genera l......................................................................................... .............................................18生产区................................................................................................................................. (19)ProductionArea............................................................................................................... (1)9储存区........................................................................................ ............................................21StorageArea....................................................................................................................... (21)质量控制区.......................................................................................................................22QualityControlArea.......................................................................................................... (22)附助区............................................................................ .....................................................22AncillaryArea s......................................................................................................................22设备......................................................................................................................................23Equipment.......................................................................... .............................................. (23)第四章文件CHAPTER4:DOCUMENTATIO N.....................................................................................24原则......................................................................................................................................24Principle.................................................................................................................................24通则......................................................................................................................................25General...................................................................................................................................25文件要求.............................................................................................................................27DocumentsRequired..............................................................................................................27Specifications..........................................................................................................................27Specificationsforstartingandpackagingmaterials...............................................................27SpecificationsforIntermediateandBulkProducts............................................................ (2)Specifications for FinishedProducts......................................................................................28 ManufacturingFormulae andProcessingInstructions...........................................................28PackagingInstructions............................................................................................................30BatchProcessingRecords.......................................................................................................31BatchPackagingRecords................................................................................................... (3)ProceduresandRecords......... ................................................................................................33Receipt... ................................................................................34.........................................Sampling..................................................................................................................................34Testing.....................................................................................................................................35Other........................................................................................................................................35第五章生产CHAPTER5:PRODUCTIO N...............................................36原则...................................................36Principle................................. ............36通则.................................................36General...............................................36生产过程中对交叉污染的预防..............................39PreventionofCross-contamination inProduction..................................................................39验证......................................................................................................................................40Validation........................................................................................................................40原料................................................................................................................. (4)StartingMaterials...................................................................................................................41生产操作:中间产品和待包装产品................................................................... (4)ProcessingOperations:Intermediate andBulk Products.................................................. (42)包装材料.............................................................................................................................43PackagingMaterials...............................................................................................................43包装操作.............................................................................................................................44PackagingOperations.......................................................................................................... (44)成品.................................................................................................... .......... (46)FinishedProducts...................................................................................................................46不合格、回收料和退货物料........................................................................................46Rejected,RecoveredandReturnedMaterials........................................................................46第六章质量控制CHAPTER6:QUALITYCONTROL.......................................................................... (48)原则......................................................................................................................................48Principle.............................................................................................................................. (48)通则......................................................................................................................................48General............................................................................................................................... (4)质量控制实验室规4范..............................................................................9GoodQualityControlLaboratoryPractice.............................................................................49 Documentation........................................................................................................................49Sampling................................................................................................................................50Testing...................................................................................................................................52销售产品的稳固性考察.................................................................................................54第七章拜托生产与拜托查验CHAPTER7:CONTRACTMANUFACTUREANDANALYSIS................................... (55)原则......................................................................................................................................55Principle.................................................................................... .................................... (55)通则......................................................................................................................................56General........................................................................................... ........................................56拜托方............................................................................. .....................................................56TheContractGive r................................................................................................................56受托方.................................................................................................................................57TheContractAcceptor....... ................................................................................................. (57)合同......................................................................................................................................58TheContract..........................................................................................................................58第八章投诉与召回CHAPTER8:COMPLAINTSANDPRODUCTRECALL..................................................59原则......................................................................................................................................59Principle..................................................................................................................................59投诉......................................................................................................................................59Complaints............................................................................................. ............................. (5)召回........................................................................................................................................60Recall s.......................................................................................................................... (60)第九章自查CHAPTER9:SELFINSPECTION..................................................................................... (61)原则.......................................................................................................................................61Principl e...................................................................................................................... (61)A附件8?原辅料和包装资料的取样ANNEX8SAMPLINGOFSTARTINGANDPACKAGINGMATERIALS................. (63)原则.......................................................................................................................................63Principle..................................................................................................................................63人员.......................................................................................................................................63Personne l............................................................................. ....................................................63原辅料............................................................................... ................................................. (63)Startingmaterials.... .................................................................................................................64包装材料...............................................................................................................................65Packagingmaterial... ................................................................................................................65第一章质量管理CHAPTER1QUALITYMANAGEMENTPrinciple原则生产赞同证拥有厂家只好生产医药产品,以保证药品切合其预期的使用目的,切合销售赞同证的要求,其实不因药品安全性、质量或药效方面的问题而给患者带来风险。
欧盟医疗用产品复方制剂研发的非临床指导原则草案介绍
欧盟医疗用产品复方制剂研发的非临床指导原则草案介绍草案概述:欧盟医疗用产品复方制剂研发的非临床指导原则草案是欧盟委员会制定的指导方针,旨在规范欧盟成员国在医疗用产品复方制剂研发过程中的非临床实验和研究。
该草案共分为六个章节,分别介绍了指导原则的目的、适用范围、定义、研究计划和报告、质量管理以及研究行为道德准则。
第一章介绍了该指导原则的目的,即为欧盟成员国提供指导和规范医疗用产品复方制剂的非临床实验和研究,以确保产品的质量、安全性和有效性。
同时,该章节还明确了草案的适用范围,包括非临床实验和研究的各个阶段,以及国内和跨境研究。
第二章对一些关键术语和定义进行了说明,以消除术语上的歧义,为后续章节的理解和适用提供词语的准确定义。
第三章详细介绍了研究计划和报告的要求。
其中包括研究设计和方法的规范、样本选择和样本量的要求,以及数据分析和结果报告的规范。
此外,该章节还要求研究计划和报告中应包括对动物和人体试验的道德伦理审查。
第四章重点讨论了质量管理的重要性。
该章节要求研究机构和研究人员应建立和实施质量管理系统,确保研究过程的透明性、可追溯性和可重复性。
在质量管理方面,草案还强调了参与研究的各个方面的责任和义务。
第五章提出了研究行为的道德准则。
该章节要求研究人员应遵守诚信、正直和透明的原则,确保研究过程的公正性和可信度。
此外,草案还规定了一些道德准则,例如对实验动物的保护、人体试验的伦理审查和知情同意的原则等。
最后一章对草案的执行和监督进行了总结。
该章节规定了草案的执行主体和相应的监督和评估机构。
同时,还明确指出了违反指导原则的可能后果和处罚措施。
总结:欧盟医疗用产品复方制剂研发的非临床指导原则草案旨在规范欧盟成员国在医疗用产品复方制剂研发过程中的非临床实验和研究。
通过明确研究计划和报告的要求,建立质量管理系统,遵守研究行为的道德准则,该指导原则旨在确保产品的质量、安全性和有效性。
同时,草案还规定了执行机构和监督机构,以及可能的处罚措施,以保证指导原则的实施和执行。
欧盟GMP(中英文对照)
(The words that are in the green background are new standards)(绿色背景下的内容为新标准)ANNEX 1MANUFACTURE OF STERILE MEDICINAL PRODUCTS附录1 无菌医药产品的生产Principle总则The manufacture of sterile products is subject to special requirements in order to minimize risks of microbiological contamination, and of particulate and pyrogen contamination. Much depends on the skill, training and attitudes of the personnel involved. Quality Assurance is particularly important, and this type of manufacture must strictly follow carefully established and validated methods of preparation and procedure. Sole reliance for sterility or other quality aspects must not be placed on any terminal process or finished product test.无菌药品的生产,必须符合一些特殊的要求,以防止微生物、微粒和热源的污染。
这很大程度上依赖与工作人员的技术水平、培训和工作态度。
在这方面质量保证显得特别重要,这种类型的生产,必须严格按照完善的和经过验证的生产方法和工作程序。
仅靠产品的最终灭菌和某一方面的质量控制是不允许的。
should must在eu gmp附录中的要求
should must在eu gmp附录中的要求全文共四篇示例,供读者参考第一篇示例:在欧盟药品管理局(European Medicines Agency,EMA)颁布的欧盟GMP(Good Manufacturing Practice,良好生产规范)附录中,包括了对于药品生产过程中必须遵守的一系列规定和要求。
"should"和"must"这两个词在附录中被广泛使用,用以指导药品生产厂家在生产过程中应该遵守的标准和规范。
"should"和"must"这两个词在欧盟GMP附录中的使用有其明确的区分。
"should"通常用来表示建议或推荐,意味着某个行为或做法是合适的,但并非强制要求。
相比之下,"must"则意味着某个行为或规定是必须的,违反将会导致不符合GMP规定,从而可能对产品质量和安全产生负面影响。
在欧盟GMP附录中,“must”通常用于指导生产厂家在生产过程中必须遵守的基本规定和要求。
在药品生产过程中,“must”要求生产厂家必须确保原材料的质量符合规定,生产过程的控制必须严格执行,产品的质量必须经过严格检验等。
这些要求是为了确保生产出的药品符合质量标准,从而保障患者的用药安全。
“should”则更多地用于指导生产厂家在生产过程中应该遵守的最佳实践。
在设备维护和清洁方面,“should”要求生产厂家应该建立健全的设备维护和清洁制度,但并非强制要求具体采取哪种方法或措施。
这种灵活性可以让生产厂家在具体操作时更好地根据自身情况和需要来制定操作规程。
在欧盟GMP附录中,“should”与“must”的使用显示了药品生产过程中的灵活性和严谨性的平衡。
生产厂家应该在遵守基本规定和要求的根据具体情况和实际需要来灵活调整和完善生产管理体系,以确保生产出的药品达到高质量标准,保障患者的用药安全。
欧盟GMP中英文对照
European Union药品生产质量管理规范GUIDE TO GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS目录第一章质量管理CHAPTER 1: QUALITY MANAGEMENT原则............................................................ ..................................................... ............ (5)Principle (5)质量保证................................................................... .............. . (5)Quality Assurance (5)药品生产质量管理规范(GMP) (7)Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products (7)质量控制(QC) (9)Quality Control....................... . (9)产品质量回顾....................... ....................... (10)第二章人员CHAPTER 2: PERSONNEL...................................................................................... .. (11) (11)Principle (11) (12)General...................................................................................................................... . (12)关键人员................................................................................................................... . (12)Key Personnel (12)培训 (12)Training..................................................................................................................... . (15)人员卫生 (16)Personnel Hygiene (16)第三章厂房和设备CHAPTER 3: PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT................................................................ .. (18)原则 (18)Principle (18)厂房 (18)Premises (18)通则 (18)General (18)生产区 (19)Production Area (19)贮存区 (21)Storage Area (21)质量控制区 (22)Quality Control Area (22)附助区 (22)Ancillary Areas (22)设备 (23)Equipment (23)第四章文件CHAPTER 4: DOCUMENTATION (24)原则 (24)Principle (24)通则 (25)General (25)文件要求 (27)Documents Required (27)Specifications (27)Specifications for starting and packaging materials (27)Specifications for Intermediate and Bulk Products (27)Specifications for Finished Products (28)Manufacturing Formulae and Processing Instructions (28)Packaging Instructions (30)Batch Processing Records (31)Batch Packaging Records. (32)Procedures and Records........................................................................................ .. (33)Receipt (34)Sampling (34)Testing (35)Other (35)第五章生产CHAPTER 5: PRODUCTION......................................... ........ (36)原则........................................ . (36)Principle (36)通则........................................ . (36)General (36)生产过程中对交叉污染的预防 (39)Prevention of Cross-contamination in Production (39)验证........................................ . (40)Validation................................. . (40)原料........................................ . (41)Starting Materials..................... . (41)生产操作:中间产品和待包装产品 (42)Processing Operations: Intermediate and Bulk Products (42)包装材料........................................ . (43)Packaging Materials.......................... . (43)包装操作........................................ . (44)Packaging Operations........................ . (44)成品........................................ . (46)Finished Products..................... . (46)不合格、回收料和退货物料 (46)Rejected, Recovered and Returned Materials (46)第六章质量控制CHAPTER 6: QUALITY CONTROL (48)原则........................................ . (48)Principle................................... . (48)通则........................................ . (48)General... .. (48)质量控制实验室规范 (49)Good Quality Control Laboratory Practice (49)Documentation (49)Sampling................................... (50)Testing... .. (52)销售产品的稳定性考察 (54)第七章委托生产与委托检验CHAPTER 7: CONTRACT MANUFACTURE AND ANALYSIS (55)原则........................................ . (55)Principle................................... . (55)通则........................................ . (56)General..................................... . (56)委托方.................................... . (56)The Contract Giver.................... .. (56)受托方.................................... (57)The Contract Acceptor.............. (57)合同........................................ . (58)The Contract............................. (58)第八章投诉与召回CHAPTER 8: COMPLAINTS AND PRODUCT RECALL (59)原则........................................ . (59)Principle.................................... . (59)投诉........................................ . (59)Complaints................................ . (59)召回 (60)Recalls (60)第九章自查CHAPTER 9: SELF INSPECTION (61)原则 (61)Principle (61)附件8 原辅料和包装材料的取样ANNEX8 SAMPLING OF STARTING AND PACKAGING MATERIALS (63)原则 (63)Principle (63)人员 (63)Personnel (63)原辅料 (63)Starting materials (64)包装材料 (65)Packaging material (65)第一章质量管理CHAPTER 1 QUALITY MANAGEMENTPrinciple原则生产许可证持有厂家只能生产医药产品,以确保药品符合其预期的使用目的,符合销售许可证的要求,并不因药品安全性、质量或药效方面的问题而给患者带来风险。
欧盟的药品管理法i开头的指南
欧盟的药品管理法i开头的指南**EU's Guidelines on Drug Management Regulations**The European Union's drug management regulations serve as the fundamental framework for ensuring the safety and quality of medicinal products within its member states.欧盟的药品管理法作为其成员国确保药品安全性和质量的基本框架。
These regulations aim to protect the health and welfare of citizens by regulating the development, production, and distribution of drugs.这些法规旨在通过规范药品的开发、生产和分销,保护公民的健康和福祉。
One of the key components of the EU's drug management regulations is the requirement for strict adherence to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards.欧盟药品管理法的一个关键组成部分是要求严格遵守药品生产质量管理规范(GMP)标准。
GMP ensures that drugs are produced in a controlled environment, using validated methods and procedures, to minimize the risks of contamination and ensure consistent quality.GMP确保药品在受控环境中使用经过验证的方法和程序进行生产,以最大程度地降低污染风险并确保质量的一致性。
包材指导原则 欧盟
译者:高杨校译:许真玉按语:2003年10月欧盟药品评价管理局(EMEA)起草了直接接触塑料包装材料指导原则(GUIDELINE ON PLASTIC IMMEDIATE PACKAGING MATERIALS),并与2005年12月1日发布。
该指导原则根据风险级别,对于直接接触原料药或制剂的塑料包材应进行哪些研究,如何在申报资料中呈现,提供了指导意见。
这一指导原则对于我国直接接触药品的塑料包材研究具有很高的借鉴意义。
因此笔者进行了翻译,特此供业界参考研究。
以下为指导原则正文。
目录1 介绍1.1 目标1.2 概述1.3 一般原则2 在申请上市文件中的位置3 应提交的数据3.1 总体信息3.2 质量标准4 提取研究5 相互作用研究5.1 迁移(浸出)研究5.2 吸附研究6 毒理学资料/文献7 术语解释附件1 申报资料决策树附件2 塑料包装材料申报资料决策树附件3 提交信息对照表1 介绍1.1 目标制定本指导原则旨在替代《医药产品管理办法》3AQ10a的“直接接触塑料包装材料指导原则”,同时进一步强调在原料药和制剂申请上市时,应针对其直接接触药品的塑料包装材料提供相关信息。
本指导原则涉及人用药品和兽药所用的直接接触药品的塑料包装材料的申请。
对于人用药品,本指导原则涉及欧盟法规2003/63/EC (法规2001/83/EC的修正版)附录I第一部分第3单元的章节3.2.1.6、3.2.2.2和3.2.2.7;对于兽药,则涉及欧盟法规2001/82/EC的附录I第二部分的章节A、C和G。
1.2 概述本指导原则囊括了对直接接触药品塑料包装材料的具体要求。
对于其他包装材料或容器密封系统的特性,如包材性能,本指导原则不会考虑为它们制定一个合适的总体要求。
本指导原则范围仅限于直接接触药品塑料包装材料,也就是与原料药或制剂发生直接接触的包装材料,它们可能只是容器密封系统中的容器、封盖或其他部件的某一部分。
弹性体、天然和人工橡胶不在本指导原则范围之内。
欧盟GMP中英文对照
欧盟GMP中英文对照————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期:European Union药品生产质量管理规范GUIDE TO GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE FOR MEDICINALPRODUCTS目录第一章质量管理CHAPTER 1: QUALITY MANAGEMENT原则............................................................ ..................................................... ....................................5Principle.................................................................................................................................................. (5)质量保证........................................................................................................ ................................ (5)Quality Assuranc e.....................................................................................................................................5药品生产质量管理规范(GMP).................................................................................................7 GoodManufacturing Practicefor Medicinal Products........................................................................... (7)质量控制(QC) ................................................................................................................................ (9)Quality Control.................................................................................................................................... (9)产品质量回顾....................... ...........................................................................................................10第二章人员CHAPTER 2:PERSONNEL...................................................................................... ........11原则................................................................................................................................... (11)Principle..................................................................................................................................11通则.......................................................................................... ............................. (12)General...................................................................................................................... .............12关键人员................................................................................................................... ............................12Key Personnel................................................................................................................ ...........................12培训................................................................................................... ....................................................... 12Training..................................................................................................................................15人员卫生................................................................................................................................................16Personnel Hygien e...................................................................................................................................16第三章厂房和设备CHAPTER3: PREMISESAND EQUIPMENT................................................................ ..............18原则..................................................................................................................................... (18)Principle....................................................................................................................................18厂房.........................................................................................................................................18Premises....................................................................................................................................18通则.......................................................................................................................... (18)Genera l......................................................................................... .............................................18生产区................................................................................................................................. (19)Production Area............................................................................................................... (1)9贮存区........................................................................................ ............................................21Storage Area....................................................................................................................... (21)质量控制区.......................................................................................................................22Quality Control Area.......................................................................................................... (22)附助区............................................................................ .....................................................22Ancillary Area s......................................................................................................................22设备......................................................................................................................................23Equipment.......................................................................... .............................................. (23)第四章文件CHAPTER 4: DOCUMENTATIO N.....................................................................................24原则............................................................................ ..........................................................24Principle.................................................................................................................................24通则......................................................................................................................................25 General...................................................................................................................................25文件要求.............................................................................................................................27DocumentsRequired..............................................................................................................27Specifications................................................................................... .......................................27Specifications for startingandpackaging materials...............................................................27Specifications for Intermediateand Bulk Products............................................................ (2)Specifications for Finished Products......................................................................................28 ManufacturingFormulae and Processing Instructions...........................................................28PackagingInstruction s............................................................................................................30Batch Processing Records.......................................................................................................31BatchPackaging Records................................................................................................... (3)Procedures and Records........................................................................................ .................33Receipt.....................................................................................................................................34Sampling..................................................................................................................................34Testin g.....................................................................................................................................35Other........................................................................................................................................35第五章生产CHAPTER5:PRODUCTIO N......................................... .....................................................36原则........................................ ..............................................................................................36Principle..................................................................................... ..................................... (36)通则................................................................................. .................................................. (36)Genera l.....................................................................................................................................36生产过程中对交叉污染的预防....................................................................................39 Prevention ofCross-contamination in Production..................................................................39验证........................................ ..............................................................................................40Validation................................. ........................................... ...................................................40原料........................................ ..............................................................................................41Starting Materials..................... ........................................................ ......................................41生产操作:中间产品和待包装产品................................................................... (4)Processing Operations:Intermediate andBulk Products.................................................. (42)包装材料.............................................................................................................................43Packaging Materials.......................... .....................................................................................43包装操作........................................ .....................................................................................44Packaging Operations.......................................................................................................... (44)成品........................................ ...................................................................... (46)Finished Products..................... ..............................................................................................46不合格、回收料和退货物料........................................................................................46Rejected, Recovered and Returned Materials........................................................................46第六章质量控制CHAPTER6: QUALITY CONTROL.......................................................................... (48)原则......................................................................................................................................48Principle.............................................................................................................................. (48)通则........................................ ......................................... .....................................................48General... ............................................................................................ ................................ (4)质量控制实验室规范......................................................................................................49Good Quality Control Laboratory Practice.............................................................................49 Documentation........................................................................................................................49Sampling................................................................................................................................50Testing... ................................................................................................ ................................52销售产品的稳定性考察.................................................................................................54第七章委托生产与委托检验CHAPTER 7:CONTRACTMANUFACTURE ANDANALYSIS................................... (55)原则........................................ ..............................................................................................55Principle................................... ................................................. .................................... (55)通则........................................ ..............................................................................................56General..................................... ...................................................... ........................................56委托方............................................................................. .....................................................56The Contract Give r................................................................................................................56受托方.................................... .............................................................................................57The Contract Acceptor.............. .......................................................................................... (57)合同......................................................................................................................................58The Contract............................. .............................................................................................58第八章投诉与召回CHAPTER 8:COMPLAINTS AND PRODUCT RECALL..................................................59原则........................................ ..............................................................................................59Principle.................................... ..............................................................................................59投诉......................................................................................................................................59Complaints................................ ................................................. ......................................... (5)召回........................................................................................................................................60Recall s.......................................................................................................................... (60)第九章自查CHAPTER 9:SELF INSPECTION..................................................................................... (61)原则.................................................................................. .....................................................61Principl e...................................................................................................................... (61)附件8ﻩ原辅料和包装材料的取样ANNEX8SAMPLING OF STARTING ANDPACKAGING MATERIALS................. (63)原则.......................................................................................................................................63Principle..................................................................................................................................63人员.......................................................................................................................................63Personne l............................................................................. ....................................................63原辅料............................................................................... ................................................. (63)Starting materials.....................................................................................................................64包装材料...............................................................................................................................65Packaging material...................................................................................................................65第一章质量管理CHAPTER 1QUALITYMANAGEMENTPrinciple原则生产许可证持有厂家只能生产医药产品,以确保药品符合其预期的使用目的,符合销售许可证的要求,并不因药品安全性、质量或药效方面的问题而给患者带来风险。
包材指导原则 欧盟
译者:高杨校译:许真玉按语:2003年10月欧盟药品评价管理局(EMEA)起草了直接接触塑料包装材料指导原则(GUIDELINE ON PLASTIC IMMEDIATE PACKAGING MATERIALS),并与2005年12月1日发布。
该指导原则根据风险级别,对于直接接触原料药或制剂的塑料包材应进行哪些研究,如何在申报资料中呈现,提供了指导意见。
这一指导原则对于我国直接接触药品的塑料包材研究具有很高的借鉴意义。
因此笔者进行了翻译,特此供业界参考研究。
以下为指导原则正文。
目录1 介绍1.1 目标1.2 概述1.3 一般原则2 在申请上市文件中的位置3 应提交的数据3.1 总体信息3.2 质量标准4 提取研究5 相互作用研究5.1 迁移(浸出)研究5.2 吸附研究6 毒理学资料/文献7 术语解释附件1 申报资料决策树附件2 塑料包装材料申报资料决策树附件3 提交信息对照表1 介绍1.1 目标制定本指导原则旨在替代《医药产品管理办法》3AQ10a的“直接接触塑料包装材料指导原则”,同时进一步强调在原料药和制剂申请上市时,应针对其直接接触药品的塑料包装材料提供相关信息。
本指导原则涉及人用药品和兽药所用的直接接触药品的塑料包装材料的申请。
对于人用药品,本指导原则涉及欧盟法规2003/63/EC (法规2001/83/EC的修正版)附录I第一部分第3单元的章节3.2.1.6、3.2.2.2和3.2.2.7;对于兽药,则涉及欧盟法规2001/82/EC的附录I第二部分的章节A、C和G。
1.2 概述本指导原则囊括了对直接接触药品塑料包装材料的具体要求。
对于其他包装材料或容器密封系统的特性,如包材性能,本指导原则不会考虑为它们制定一个合适的总体要求。
本指导原则范围仅限于直接接触药品塑料包装材料,也就是与原料药或制剂发生直接接触的包装材料,它们可能只是容器密封系统中的容器、封盖或其他部件的某一部分。
弹性体、天然和人工橡胶不在本指导原则范围之内。
EU-GMP欧盟GMP中文版
欧盟药品管理规则第 4 卷药品生产质量管理规范1998 版欧洲共同体前言欧洲共同体制药工业在药品的开发,生产和控制过程中保持高标准的质量保证。
上市许可系统保证由有能力的权威机构对药品的安全,质量和有效性是否达到相应的规定进行评估。
生产许可系统保证在欧洲市场上获准销售的药品是由授权的生产商生产,其日常活动由权威机构定期检查。
无论是在欧共体之内销售,还是在欧共体之外销售,所有欧共体的药品生产企业都必须通过生产许可。
有两个药品生产和质量管理指导原则,药品生产和质量管理规范(GMP)和指南来源于两个指导原则, 一个是人用药物指导原则(指导原则91/356/EEC)一个是兽用药物指导原则(指导原则91/412/EEC),这两个指导原则1991年被欧共体采纳。
根据这些原则,制定了详细的药品生产和质量管理规范,用于对申请生产许可的企业进行评估和对药品生产企业进行检查的基础。
GMP的原则和详细的指南适用于需要按照第16条75/319/ EEC和修改的第24条81/851/EEC要求认证的所有的操作。
也与所有其它大规模药品生产过程,诸如医院负责的临床试验用药的制备有关。
所有的成员国和工业企业本身都同意GMP适用于人用药物的生产,也适用于兽用药物的生产。
在两个附录中对兽用药品和兽用免疫药品的GMP指南做了详细的调整。
指南用章来表述,每章用标题来概括章节的原则内容。
第一章质量管理列出了药品生产的质量保证的基本概念。
后续各章的原则列出了质量保证的目标和提供了足够的让生产商在执行这一原则时所必须考虑的基本要素。
这一指南除了在9个章节中表述了GMP的基本要素外, 还包括一系列附录提供了与之有关的活动的特定范围的细节。
有时几个附录同时使用,如关于无菌制剂,辐射性药物,生化药物的附录。
在附录后还列出了这一指南所使用的术语表.指南的第一版在1989 年出版, 包括一个无菌药品生产的附录。
第二版在1992 年1月出版; 欧共体指到原则包括给人用药品和兽用药品的GMP提供原则和指南的欧共体于1991 年6月13 日颁布的91/356指导原则和1991 年7月23 日颁布的91/412指导原则。
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欧盟专卖医药产品委员会(简称CPMP)制剂开发指导说明开发制剂指导原则75/318/EEC附件的关于申请的第二部分A.4部的内容经修订,产品授权上市必需这些数据。
1. 引言制剂开发研究需要常规开展并建立剂型的选择,并且所建议的剂型适合于申请中指定目的。
目的在于确定对批次重复性很关键的配方和工艺过程,因此需要常规监测。
由于活性成分和剂型种类繁多,本指导原则仅仅是对信息类型的说明,而这些信息在建立影响成品质量的要素时是非常有用的。
在本文所阐述的一般原则之后,个别指导原则已经在特定类型产品中予以阐述。
本文所阐述的原则主要适用于含化学活性物质产品,可能不适用于其他产品。
对于生物制品,例如疫苗、血液制品,另外的方法可能是合适的。
2. 产品的组成2.1 活性物质2.1.1 相容性应该在合适处提供活性物质与辅料相容性研究结果。
在产品组合固定情况下,应该提供活性成分之间的相容性研究结果。
如果能够的话,应该提供初步稳定性研究结果,作为支持数据。
2.1.2 物理化学特性活性成分的处方测试可以提供有用的信息。
在选择有关建议剂型和给药途径时,有必要考虑到活性成分的物理化学特性。
当物理参数可变、并且是影响产品质量的关键时,需要以可接受的标准制定合适的方法或者以其他合适的方法,控制活性成分的规格。
这可能导致:相对于较简单的剂型(例如溶液剂),用于特定剂型(例如固体制剂)的活性物质,需要进行额外的物理特性测试或药典专论项下的测试。
需要检测的物理特性可能包括溶解性能、含水量、粒径和晶型等。
i) 溶解性能可以影响剂型的选择和分析方法的选择。
ii) 含水量能影响其他参数,例如晶型、粒径,从而影响稳定性。
iii) 粒径可能影响生物利用度、含量均匀性、悬浮性、溶解性能和稳定性。
iv) 晶型和多态性可能影响溶解度、生物利用度或稳定性。
显然,这些参数相互作用,需要结合起来考虑。
影响生物利用度的关键参数的合适限度,来自于在体内有可接受表现的产品批次。
2.2 辅料和其他非活性成分辅料的选择和辅料的特性应该适合于预期的目的。
2.2.1 应该解释处方内所有成分的作用,以及将其列入的理由在一些案例中,需要实验数据证明列入的理由,例如防腐剂(参见“防腐剂、抗氧剂使用指导原则”)。
根据辅料在处方中的作用,以及建议的制造工艺,选择合适质量的辅料。
在一些案例中,有必要提交如何确定某些辅料在处方中的用量。
2.2.2 辅料之间的相容性例如,在一个双防腐剂体系,应该研究防腐剂的合用问题,以支持稳定性数据。
2.2.3 当新成分用于产品生产时例如,一种新的缓释材料、一种新的抛射剂或渗透促进剂,需要和申请文件一起提供该成分的全部信息以及在产品处方中的作用,以证实其安全性。
当一种新物质被用作产品成分时,与新活性成分一样处理,需要按照辅料指导原则要求提供全部支持数据,除非该物质已被批准用于食品或局部用化妆品。
当一种辅料通过非传统途径给药或者高剂量应用时,仍然需要额外的支持数据。
3. 处方产品设计产品的处方时,需要考虑治疗活性、剂量学、活性物质的给药途径和产品的使用方法。
3.1 过量基于过量的风险,一般不鼓励在医用产品处方中过量投料,尽管是一种实践。
过量主要用于弥补制造过程中活性成分或关键辅料的损失,即生产过程过量投料为延长保质期,也就是为延长稳定性而过量投料。
这在以前的案例中非常明显,由于不可能给病人增加剂量,而为延长稳定性过量投料,将会导致过剂量,因为这些批次产品在生产后不久即流通到病人环节。
任何成分过量投料均应合理。
大量过量(例如超过10%)投料不应该被常规用于掩盖本身不稳定制剂。
最好缩短保质期,而降低病人过量用药的风险。
不应该为掩盖分析测试程序的不精确或不准确,或者不理想的制造工艺,而进行相似的过量投料。
在处方中过量加入某种活性物质,应该基于产品的安全和功效考虑是合理的。
应该记住,过剂量也可能由药物的传递机制引起,例如计量剂量吸入药物在鼻腔内的沉积。
3.2 物理化学参数a) pH值应该提供证据显示,已适当地研究了pH值在一定范围内对处方的影响。
要考虑pH值对活性成分、相关辅料(例如抗微生物的防腐剂)的影响。
在研究口服产品的生物利用度时,活性处方的pH值曲线可能是有用的。
在稳定性研究期间,应该研究pH依赖的任何长期影响。
当必须用缓冲液控制pH值在一定范围时,应该提交pH值的生理学影响。
b) 其他参数根据不同剂型,在制剂开发过程中要考虑到溶出、再分散、粒径分布、聚集性、流变学特性等参数。
对于肠外给药剂型,尚需考虑强度调整、乳剂粒径和形状、晶型的变化、粘度和通针性等。
3.3 液体和半固体剂型3.3.1 处方的组成处方中关键成分的含量应该通过试验结果确定其合适范围。
这些成分可能是:抗菌防腐剂抗氧剂其他,包括表面活性剂、溶剂、螯合剂、渗透促进剂、片剂润滑剂、释放调节剂等。
3.3.1.1 多剂量剂型应该添加抗菌防腐剂,由于其自身不具有防腐作用(参见“防腐剂指导原则”);但是,单剂量无菌制剂不得添加防腐剂。
选择合适防腐剂的用量时,要考虑到贮存条件、重组、使用前的稀释以及使用时打开包装的频率等因素。
要按照欧洲药典的测试方法测试防腐系统的效力。
防腐剂的使用要遵守A标准,除非另有试验证实。
应该验证测试方法,包括合适的阴性、阳性对照、合适机体的选择,以证实合适的抗菌和抗真菌活性。
用来发放的大包装药物,需经更严格的测试。
测试方案应该允许包含在用保质期的样品,这些数据将在随后的该产品文件中出现。
测试时间应该尽可能短,尤其拟无菌使用的产品,例如肠外给药制剂眼用制剂。
大包装药物如果要延长有效期,必须要合理,需要额外的模拟使用微生物挑战测试,参见“防腐剂指导原则”。
应该仔细选择包装尺寸,以达到预期目的和适合使用频率。
通过适当的成品规格来控制有效期内产品的防腐剂含量。
3.3.1.2 在产品生产过程或贮存期间,抗氧剂可能已经被降解了。
为了在产品建议有效期内(包含使用期间)维持足够活性,应当有合适的试验数据支持和证实抗氧剂的含量水平。
3.3.2 与其他产品的相容性这对静脉注射给药产品尤其重要。
在给药前,数据表指导重组或稀释;应该提供数据显示,药物与推荐溶剂和给药装置在推荐使用期间或预期使用期间的物理化学相容性。
将一种产品与另外一种产品混合使用前,要提供全部的相容性数据,包括在推荐的使用有效期内、在推荐的贮存温度下以及在可能的极端浓度条件下。
3.4 固体剂型显然,固体制剂的化学不相容性或不稳定性,没有液体制剂或半固体制剂那样明显。
然而,SmPC推荐的稀释或混合使用(例如与酒),在给药前要进行合适的相容性研究。
活性物质和辅料不同的理化性质,可能导致分布不均和药物传递靶位的改变。
所以开发研究要提交散装或单位固体剂型的均匀性和性能特性。
3.4.1 均匀性混和过程通常需要确保活性物质均匀分布。
表面性质、晶型、粒径等不同,可能导致干混粉末隔离。
在开发阶段就应该提交混合工艺均匀性数据,并经验证研究确认,该部分数据放在卷宗PartⅡB。
开发阶段进行的研究,为大规模混合工艺的验证提供了有用的预测。
4. 包装材料包装材料的最初选择应该合理,要适当考虑使用时医务人员和病人的安全性。
要适当研究容器的完整性和防儿童包装的闭合。
要考虑到产品和包装之间可能的相互作用(参见塑料基本包装材料指导原则)。
也适用于给药前药品的混合和稀释(例如加到大体积输液内的药品)。
包装材料的最初选择也应该考虑到建议的生产方法。
尤其是无菌产品,所选择的容器要能允许成品的最佳灭菌(见以下第5部分)。
4.1 容器的吸附应该提供数据显示,如果与安全性和稳定性相关的话,已经考虑液体或半固体制剂内活性成分和添加剂吸附的可能性。
已知胶塞、玻璃瓶、塑料容器和给药装置均可能发生吸附。
在一些极端案例中,吸附可能导致渗透通过容器壁。
应该进行模拟使用条件的研究,例如测试配有给药装置的输液瓶远端的产品。
4.2 浸出应该提供数据显示,任何包装组分均未明显浸出到液体制剂和精细分割的固体制剂中。
这样的浸出可能引起安全问题。
4.3 剂量可重复性如果使用给药装置,例如滴管、笔注射装置,应该提供证据证明给药剂量在相应的测试条件下的重复性和准确性,测试条件尽可能与病人使用产品相关。
特别注意,根据使用指导手册,lyophilisate的正确重组和混悬剂重新悬浮时的均匀性。
特别注意,根据病人使用手册,lyophilisate的在两腔室的正确重组和混悬剂重新悬浮时的均匀性。
5. 生产工艺在开发制剂时,要解释生产工艺选择的合理性。
必须说明运用合适质量的起始物料制备制剂所选择的方法是合适的。
工艺应该采用适当规格的定义,以保证成品的质量。
如此,工艺开发研究为工艺优化和验证要求制订了基础。
应该提交微生物学研究和理化参数研究的资料,需要确定关于产品质量的合适的微生物控制。
生产工艺的开发对于生物制品具有重大意义。
对于拟无菌使用产品(例如肠外制剂、眼用制剂和无菌局部用制剂),应该合理选择适当的灭菌方法。
应该记着,所有这些产品应该尽可能在最终的容器内终端灭菌,采用经过充分验证的方法灭菌,例如欧洲药典所收载的蒸汽、干热、电离辐射等。
如果不可能终端灭菌,可以考虑通过截留细菌的滤器过滤除菌、无菌处理等,如果该方法经过科学验证是合理的。
如果未采用欧洲药典收载的终端灭菌方法,要在卷宗内提供正确的科学的解释和理由。
理由可能是:一个给定的产品是热不稳定的,就是说处方的活性成分或关键成分在所用的灭菌条件下显著降解。
然而,包装材料本身的热不稳定性,对热稳定产品来说,应该不是不采用终端灭菌的充分理由。
在决定使用非终端灭菌工艺前,要充分研究可替代包装材料的使用。
6.结论开发研究形成一个重要的背景,以确保医疗产品质量适于预期的使用。
一个正确设计的配方,按照GMP原则生产,使用适当的验证过程和测试程序,应该一贯遵守所需的成品规格。
然而开发研究通常不接受GMP检查,不过也应该遵守合适的原则。
正确进行的开发研究能够确保应用有关放行和保质期规范,以便在放行时和整个有效期内使产品符合所需的特性(参见“成品规格和控制测试”指导原则)。