分词做定语、状语

Unit 7 Grammar
分词作定语
三、现在分词和过去分词作定语 2. 分词作定语置于名词之后时，更强调分词的行为动 作，而非动作的特征和属性。（主被动、时间性） e.g. This is a book written by Lucy. That is a girl writing a letter. I had my car washed. I heard my name called.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Unit 7 Grammar
五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语
Notes: 1. 分词短语=连词+ 主语 + V. e.g. Walking along the street, I met Mary. →While I was walking along the street, I met Mary. Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. → Because I was tired, I stopped to… Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me. → Although he knows where I live, …
Unit 7 Grammar 六、独立主格结构
1. 定义：在分词短语中，分词意义上的主语与主句的 主语不同时，即称为独立结构。 e.g. Weather permitting, we’ll have a picnic. = If weather permits, we’ll have a picnic. There being no taxi, we had to walk last night. = As there was no taxi, we had to…
Unit 7 Grammar 七、惯用语
Generally/frankly/strictly speaking Speaking of… 说起… Judging from…由…判断/看来 Seeing that…既然… Provided that…假如… Concerning…关于… Considering … 以… 而论/考虑到…
过去分词
written
gone
Unit 7 Grammar
分词作定语
三、现在分词和过去分词作定语 1. 分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前。现在 分词表示主动和未完成；过去分词表被动和完成。 分词短语作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之后。 e.g. a crying baby = a baby who is crying a broken window = a window which is broken
Unit 7 Grammar
分词作定语
一、分词概说 1. 意义： 分词是一种非限定动词，具有V. / adj./adv.的特征。 2. 特点： 分词可分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主 动和进行，过去分词表示动作完成和被动。
Unit 7 Grammar
分词作定语
一、分词概说 3. 分词短语： 分词与其宾语或状语一起构成分词短语。 4. 作用： 分词和分词短语在句中可作定语、表语、状语和补 语。
Unit 7 Grammar
四、如何将定语从句简化为分词短语 规律2：n. + who/which/that + be + v. ing → n. + v. ing e.g. The girl who is writing a letter is Mary. = The girl writing a letter is Mary. 规律3：n. + who/which/that + be + v. ed → n. + v. ed e.g. Mary bought a camera which was made in Japan. = Mary bought a camera made in Japan.
Unit 7 Grammar
分词作定语
e.g. a developing country = a country that is developing a developed country = a country that has been developed.
Notes: English is interesting to me. = I’m interested in English. The news is shocking. 这消息令人震惊。 He is shocked at the news.
Unit 7 Grammar
五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语
2. 分词短语意义不清时，往往保留连词。但表示原因的连词 because, as等一定要省略。另外，表时间的连词放在句尾时 常保留。 e.g. If (I am) invited, I’ll go to the party. When (I was mailing ) a letter in the post office, I met Tom. Animals can do many amazing things when properly trained. As she didn’t know what to do, she began to cry. → Not knowing what to do, she began to cry.
Unit 7 Grammar
五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语
1. 分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表示时间、 原因、条件、让步及附带情况。 2. 若状语从句于主句的主语相同时： 1）去连词 → 2）去主语 → 3）动词变分词 即： 连词+ 主语 + V. …, 主语 + V. → V.ing …, 主语+ V. e.g. If you turn to the right, you’ll find the school. → Turning to the right, you’ll find the school.
Unit 7 Grammar
二、分词的形式 （以go 和write为例） 及物动词（write） 主动语态 被动语态 being written Having been written 不及物动词的主 动语态（go） going having gone
种类
现 一般式 writing 在 分 完成式 having written 词
Unit 7 Grammar
分词作定语
三、现在分词和过去分词作定语 e.g. the changing world 正在变化着的世界 the boiling water 沸腾的水 the changed world已起了变化的世界 the boiled water 开水 the people questioned the girls dancing Our college located/situated on a hilltop has a good view. (此句分词并非表被动)
Unit 7 Grammar
五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语
e.g. Seen from the mountain, this city looks very beautiful at night. →When it is seen from the mountain, this city… Having finished my work, I went home. →After I had finished my work, I went home.
Unit 7 Grammar 六、独立主格结构
2. 其他形式：with结构
sbj. + V. …(,) with + obj. + V. ing / V. ed/ adj. /prep.短语
e.g. He came out of the office with his eyes shinning. Don’t speak with your mouth full. Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes. Mr. Smith made his experiment with the door locked.
Unit 7 Grammar
五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语
e.g.
As he was driven by hunger, he stole a cake. → Being driven by hunger, he stole a cake. → Driven by hunger, he stole a cake. 3. 若状语从句与主句的主语不同时： 1）去连词 2）前面的主语留下 3) 动词→分词 e.g. As it were fine, I went fishing with my father. → It being fine, I went fishing with …
Unit 7 Grammar
分词作定语
e.g. She like to drink cold boiled water. This is a book written by Luxun. The story is very moving. The door is broken. Laughing and talking, they went to school. We heard the girl singing in the teacher’s room.
Unit 7 Grammar
四、如何将定语从句简化为分词短语 1. 去掉主语的关系代词（who, which, that） 2. 动词改为分词：现在分词→表示“正在，主动” 过去分词→表示“完成，被动” 规律1：n. + who/which/that + v. →n. + v. ing e.g. The book which belongs to Mary is lost. = The book belonging to Mary is lost. There’re many people who live in that village. = There’re many people living in that village.