现在分词做定语和状语

the coming week
30.（10浙江20） The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing 13. (09江西34) The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
动词-ing形式作定语
1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具 有两种含义: ① 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method of working 工作 方法 a singing competition 歌咏比赛 a walking stick 手杖
3. The Transrapid Maglev is the world’s first high-speed train using magnetic levitated technology. using magnetic levitated technology是现在分词 作定语。 比较： Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometers per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometer journey in eight minutes. Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometers per hour 是现在分词短语在句子中作状语。
作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are
developing 发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks
ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题
10. The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed
1.（10福建25） Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. A sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 4.（10上海35） the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached
（2013北京）32. in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded （2013湖南） 31. ________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay
closed.
13. （10天津12） It rained heavily in the south， serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
(13天津）10. In some languages,100 words make up half of all words in daily conversations. A. using B. to use B. C. having used D. used
（13陕西）14. The witnesses by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned
a drawing board
a sewing machine a swimming pool a waiting room a dining car a driving permit
画板 缝纫机 游泳池 候车室 餐车 驾驶许可证
② 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思
上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动
(6) 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相
当于一个并列结构。
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = ...and stared at the sky for a long time.
现在分词短语用作状语时，可以表示伴随、时间、条件、 原因、方式和结果等，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主 语是句子的主语，它们之间为主谓关系。
2. European football is played in 80 countries,
___ A it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET1998) A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
3. He rushed to the train station, only ____ D the train had gone. A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find
1.________a reply, he decided to write a sixth C letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received 解析：没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动 作之前所以应该用having done; 此题又是表 否定含义，分词的否定式为not doing/not having done；故选 C。
(13北京)24. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found
（13四川）8. _______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not B. C. Not known D. Known not
Choose the best answers (2013北京）24. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found （2013湖南）25. The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. have bathed
动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中 表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方 式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、 条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随 情况状语时常位于句末。 (1) 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the exam. (= After we have made full preparations...)
= ..., and left him a lห้องสมุดไป่ตู้t of money.
(4) 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons... (5) 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损 失。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = Although they knew all this...
a barking dog
狂吠的狗
a disappointing play 令人失望的戏剧
an astonishing adventure 惊人的冒险
a sleeping baby
boiling water
熟睡的婴儿 正在沸腾的水 逐渐衰退的视力 落日 下一周
failing sight
the setting sun
解析：
Making it the popular sport in the world 为现 在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在 句子的后面,v-ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示 突然，出乎意料。如：His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
He rushed to the post office only to find it was
(2)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill...)
(3) 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.