英语长难句断句步骤

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一、拆分英语长难句三原则

一、拆分英语长难句三原则一、拆分英语长难句三原则1. 并列转折原则长难句由于句子较长，多表现为并列结构。

可以破折号、分号、并列连词and或or、转折连词but、yet、while等为切入点，将各个长句断为分句。

2. 主句从句原则各种从句的交替出现是长难句的显著特点之一，我们可以从各种从句的标志性引导词入手（定语从句的关系代词或副词who，whom，whose，which，that，as，when，where，while，how；名词性从句的关系代词或关系副词who，whom，which，what，that，whether，when，where，why，how等；状语从句的when，as，since，until，before，after，where，because，though，although，so that等）将各个分句断为主句和从句。

3. 短语成分原则无论是主句还是从句，都是由词和短语构成的。

其中，介词短语或者不定式短语由于充当定语或状语的枝叶成分而成为我们解决的重点。

常见的介词有on, in, with, at, of, to, by等；而不定式短语的标志词是to（后接动词原形）。

找出并暂时去掉介词短语或不定式短语能帮助我们迅速抓住句子的主干，而将其妥善还原，则有利于对句子的正确理解。

E.g.Television is one of the means by which these feelings are createdand conveyed---and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.二、长难句释例定语从句1. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.2. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.名词从句1. Responsible public officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative(积累的) over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime.2. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animals species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict.3. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are notlooking , the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. 4. Advanced learners from this kind of background will not evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries.状语从句1. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most arereluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.2. It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once required, enable one to use a computer.3. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.4. In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication.5. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot besaid that warlike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.分词作状语（非谓语动词）1. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.2. Given the complexities, and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, the executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.分割结构1. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly.2. Besides, the ability to read music notation（乐谱）has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomeswidespread, on the music-culture as a whole.3. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.4. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce thewealth.5. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.GCT-2009Lazy? Shy? Live in a cave? Those might not be positive attributes for the average human, but they sure are good for animals trying to survive in a changing environment. According to a new study, beasts that hibernate (冬眠) or crawl into holes are less likely to be listed as endangered than those that don't.Following up a previous study on extinct animals, which showed that species exhibiting "sleep or hide" (SLOH) behaviors did better than others, the researchers wanted to see if the same was true of modern creatures like moles and bears. To find out if our more timid animals have a leg up in the survival game, researchers made a master list of 443 sleep-or-hide mammals.With their list in hand, the team compared their 443 to the "red list" of endangered species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. As suspected, a sleepy or hiding animal was less likely to be on the red list than a regular animal, and a red-list animal was also less likely to be a SLOH-er.This makes a lot of sense, as animals that hide away in a cave or a tree hole are protected by their physical shelters from a variable environment outside, while hibernators enjoy a flexible metabolism (新陈代谢) that can help them adapt to a changing climate.16. On the list of extinct animals studied, there were _____________.A. fewer SLOH-ers than regular animalsB. more SLOH-ers than expectedC. as many SLOH-ers as regular animalsD. hardly any SLOH-ers17. The phrase "a leg up" in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.A. an instinctB. an advantageC. a fightD. a chance18. The study of modem creatures ___________.A. is unrelated to the study of extinct animalsB. finds evidence missing in the study of extinct animalsC. has findings similar to those of the study of extinct animalsD. reveals a different pattern from the study of extinct animals19. According to the passage, red-list animals are more likely to ____________.A. be lazyB. be timidC. live longD. sleep less20. In the last paragraph the author ____________.A. compares the behaviors of sleepers and hidersB. offers an explanation for the survival of sleepers and hidersC. analyzes how a changing environment affects SLOH-ersD. emphasizes what can be learned from SLOH-ers。

考研英语的长难句

考研英语的长难句考研英语的长难句篇1一、逆序法逆序法即倒置法。

有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。

例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三部分①“There was little hope”;②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”;③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。

这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。

译为：这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。

二、顺序法有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出，相比较要容易一些，大家可以按照正常的思维翻译即可。

三、分译法有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，建议考生们可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。

例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。

因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。

四、综合法另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。

即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。

例如：“The phenomenon y in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”;②“in which light physically scatters”;③“when it passes through particles in the earth‘s atmosphere”;④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”其中，第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。

读英语句子停顿

英语里句子是怎么停顿的？有些句子比较长的话！一般是根据意群来停顿。

拿到一个长句子，先要分析结构。

一个句子可根据意思和语法结构分成若干小段，每一小段称之为一个意群。

意群可以是一个词，一个词组或短语，也可以是并列句的一个分句或复合句的一个主句、从句等等，我们可用“／”来划分句子的意群。

意群在句子中具有语义、语法和语调三种特征，例： after school，／my classmates and i／are going to play basketball．／放学后，我和我的同学们去打篮球。

我们可以把这个句子按语义、语法和语调征各分为三个单位，它们是：现将句子划分意群的一般原则归纳如下：1．名词词组1）冠词+名词，例：a country2）名词+名词，例：coumrade li3）指示代词+名词，例：this book4）形容词+名词，例：natural science5）作形容词用的名词或分词+名词，例： new year’s day the working class6）数词+名词，例：thirty-two note-books7）数词+数词，例：223--two hundred and twenty-three8）不定代词+名词，例：some ink2．介词短语，例： from now onwith an effort3．副词短语，例： day and nightfirst of all4．副词+介词短语，例： early in the morningfar into the night5．副词+动词，或动词+副词，例： quite understandstudy hard6．一些固定的动词词组，例： to take a restto have a meetingto get ready7．联系动词+表语，例： be at schoolgrow quite well8．主语+谓语，这种句型用于简短语句时，一般划分为一个意群，例： he stands up． they are very happy．9．主语+谓语+宾语，这种句型用于简短语句时，划分为一个意群，例： i can speak english． he gave me a book．11．简短的定语从句，例： this is a factory／that makes cloth．一句话里有主语，谓语，宾语，定语从句等等，就按这些来停顿篇二：句子的意群停顿一、英语的节奏1、节奏引起的读音变化：在英语单词、词组及句子中重读音节及非重读音节的交替是英语节奏的需要。

翻译英文长难句的分析方法

长难句是指语法复杂且信息量较大的句子。

英文翻译中经常会遇到长难句，翻译起来会比较困难，以下是详细说明的英文翻译长难句方法和例子：1.确定主语和谓语：先将长句中的主语和谓语确定下来，帮助理解句子的基本语法结构。

例子：英文：The conference that was held last week to promote the new product was a success. 翻译成中文：上周举办的推广新产品的会议取得了成功。

2.寻找句子中的包含性信息：寻找句子中并列或与主句相关的从句，以获得更多的信息。

例子：英文：The theme of this year's conference, which is being held in Paris, is innovation in technology and design. 翻译成中文：今年在巴黎举办的会议的主题是技术和设计创新。

3.理解从句中的关系：获得复合句和从句之间关系的基础知识，例如因果、条件、同意和对比等。

例子：英文：As the weather got colder this winter, I started wearing multiple layers of clothing to keep warm. 翻译成中文：随着这个冬天天气越来越冷，我开始穿多层衣服保暖。

4.研究并理解上下文：将长句放入文章或段落的上下文中，以便更好地理解句子的含义和目的。

例子：英文：Despite the difficulties we faced last year, we achieved record sales and profits in several key markets. 翻译成中文：尽管去年我们面临重重困难，但我们在几个关键市场实现了创纪录的销售和利润。

5.长句分解成短句：允许句子中的字母、组成单词和整个单词来表示一个概念，从而更容易阅读和翻译句子。

考研英语长难句拆分的技巧

考研英语长难句拆分的技巧考研英语长难句拆分的技巧考研生们在准备英语长难句的复习时，需要掌握好拆分的技巧。

店铺为大家精心准备了考研英语长难句拆分的秘诀，欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语长难句拆分的方法顺序法。

当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。

例如：例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us，driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84 年考题)分析：该句子由一个主句，三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成，共有五层意思：A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时;B.电仍在为我们工作;C. 帮我们开动电冰箱;D. 加热水;E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。

上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致，因此，我们可以通过顺序法，把该句翻译成：即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作：帮我们开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。

例 2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited,and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”,the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84 年考题) 分析：该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…” ，it 为形式主语，that 引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构，其中，不定式作主语，the time …是“expectation of life”的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而 time 后面的句子是它的定语从句。

如何巧妙化解英语阅读中的长难句

如何巧妙化解英语阅读中的长难句很多同学在阅读理解中，总会遇到一些较长的英文句子，读一遍根本无法理解其全部意思。

如果句子的结构再复杂一些，只能对句子进行语法分析，还要多读几遍，才能勉强理解句子的整体意思。

这确实是英语学习中的一个大的障碍，也是同学们认为阅读理解有困难的重要原因。

今天总结了一些实用的技巧来帮大家破解这个障碍，一起来分享！一、巧妙创建断点，简化长难句习惯了句式结构简单的中文，一见到英文长句子，难免感到不适应，这是很正常的事情。

很多同学读到句子一半时就被复杂的从句搞晕了，还有的人等读到句子后面的内容时，前面的句子已经忘得差不多了，还得重新返回去再读。

其实，英文的长句无非是几个内容相关的短句用连词连在了一起，所以只需将句子断成几个短句就可以了。

在创建断点时，要注意如下两点:1.没有必要非要按照句子中的标点符号来断。

句子语义的完整性才是判断断点的唯一标准。

2.在实际阅读中，还可以根据自己的水平来确定句子或文章的断点。

也就是当自己感觉大脑里记住的信息太多时，把正在读的最后一个意思说完整后就可以断句。

这种自由转换的阅读方式，可以使读者根据自己的英语能力自由地调节阅读的停顿，不用拘泥于语言本身的标点符号。

例:Washington, who had began to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.读完词句，可以先确定本句的主语为Washington,谓语动词为overcame，根据句意，本句的可以断为如下几个部分。

Washington,//who had began to believe //that all men were created equal //after observing the bravery of the black soldiers// during the Revolutionary War, // overcame the opposition of his relatives //to grant his slaves their freedom //in his will.二、调整句子语序，理顺长难句在读英语句子时，只有感觉到句子中前面所说的\'什么东西/什么人\'后面出现说这个东西/这个人\'怎么样\'的时候，这时一个语意才算是说得完整，就可以断句。

复杂英语句型语法分析断句法

复杂英语句型语法分析断句法通过复杂句表达的完整思想，并不是一定和用简单句表达的思想不同，简单句也可以通过将初级和第二级元素扩展为第三级元素从而转化成复杂句：例如——简单句…………At the close of the war (短语)，Washington retired to Mount Version.复杂句…………When the war closed (从句)，Washington retired to Mount Version.1.2 复杂句的元素。

——下面是复杂句的主要要点：1.2.1复合句的主语和补语可以是名词、名词短语或从句。

1.2.2复合句任何部分的名词都可以被任何层次的形容词成分修饰。

1.2.3复句的谓语动词可以被任何层次的状语成分修饰。

1.2.4复合句任何部分的形容词成分都可以被任何层次的状语成分修饰。

1.3 从句的特征。

——复杂句中的从句，按其功能来说，可以分为名词，形容词或副词性从句：例如——(1) That you can not perform the task is evident——[名词从句充当主语]。

很显然，你不能胜任这项任务。

(2) I dreamt that I dwelt in marble halls——[名词从句充当宾语]。

我梦见我住在大理石大厅里。

(3) You will never see the fruit of the trees which you are planting——[形容词短语修饰名词“trees”]。

(4) He found the book where he left it——[副词性从句修饰动词“found”].你将永远看不到你种下的果树结果。

(5) John is taller thanhis brother is——[副词短语修饰形容词“taller”]。

John比他的兄弟高。

(6) She behaves as well aswas anticipated——[副词从句修饰副词“well”]。

考研英语：翻译中的断句处理

考研英语：翻译中的断句处理说到对于英语文章的翻译，其实我们经常会被一种现象搞到无所适从，就是一个句子上来就四五行，再加上一些专业词汇或是难度级别略高的惯用语或是俚语，基本上看懂英文句子就难于上青天了。

但是我们有没有想过一个问题就是，为什么英文中长到滔滔不绝的句子随处可见呢？为什么中文里似乎很难看到很长的句子呢？总觉得解决问题的第一步应该是先面对问题和分析问题，那么跨考教育就为考生来分析一下英文中长难句比比皆是的原因。

其实，英语句子中，凡有名词出现的地方一般都有可能扩展成名词性从句、动词不定式短语、动名词短语等，这就使句子复杂化。

此外，动词不定式、分词短语、介词短语、从句等都可以充当定语，动词不定式、分词短语、状语从句、介词短语、独立主格成分等都能充当状语，因此英语的长句很多，通过衔接手段把各部分由主到次地连接起来。

汉语强调意合，通常用短句、流水句，逐点交待，层层展开。

在英译汉时，英语中较低层次的单位常用汉语中较高层次的单位来表达，英语长句中的分句、甚至短语往往拆分为若干汉语短句，也就是断句。

比如：例1：原文：As he walked away, he turned for one last glimpse of her in the doorway, tiny and smiling and waving good bye.译文：当他离开时，他回过头来看了她最后一眼。

只见她站在门口，体态娇小，面带微笑，挥手向他告别。

分析：在in the doorway前断成两个句子，这里是一个意群的结束处。

例2：原文：But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.（2005年真题）译文：然而，如果你尽可能敞开心胸，那么书中那些极细微的精妙之处和暗示都会从开头曲折婉转的语句中显现出来，把你带入一个与众不同的境界。

英语长难句三步走

英语长难句三步走英语学习中，特别是阅读理解中，“长难句”最麻烦。

但是，对于长难句也并非无计可施，我们可以通过分析英语句子中的重要特点，即“三长两短一并列”，江湖人称“括号法”，帮助同学们轻松解决长难句问题！什么是“三长两短一并列”我们先来看两句话：① 我是李华。

(I am Li Hua.)① 我爱你。

(I love you. )这两句话中只有“主干成分”而没有“修饰成分”。

像这样的句子，中文和英文的“语序”(单词排列顺序) 基本是一致的，都是“主-系-表”或者“主-谓-宾”，理解起来非常容易。

然而，加上修饰成分后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生变化。

来看两个例子：① 我是安徽的李华。

( I am Li Hua from Anhui. )① 我全心全意地爱你。

( I love you with all my heart. )从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。

而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。

例如：After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office.这个句子中含有大量的“介词短语”这种修饰成分。

我们给这个句子中的全部介词短语加上括号，该句就会变成：(After chatting)(with Laura)(on this matter)(for two hours)(from 2:00)(to 4:00)(in the afternoon), I returned(to my office).此时大家便可发现，这个句子虽然很长，但是真正的主干其实只有I returned 两个单词而已。

可见，介词短语正是让英语句子变得又长又难的原因之一！当然，以上几个句子还比较简单（少量介词短语对句意理解的影响不大），但是，当句子中出现更多类似介词短语的修饰成分时，可想而知，由于中英文语序的不同，英文句子会变得“面目全非”，令人难以理解。

高考冲刺：长难句理解技巧知识讲解

高考冲刺：长难句理解技巧题型介绍高考英语出现了很多难句，并且这些难句主要是长难句。

长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变句序。

这四种方式往往可以相互结合，从而形成更长的难句。

虽然形成长难句之方法有四，但是目的却只有一个，就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯，从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。

解题技巧句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。

但不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。

主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。

而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。

我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可以跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。

具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。

带有较多成分的简单句:去枝叶，留主干Schools across China(介词短语作定语) are expected to hire 50,000 college(定语) graduates this year(时间状语) as short-term teachers（介词短语做状语）, almost three times the number（同位语）hired last year(过去分词短语作定语), to help reduce unemployment pressures(目的状语). 含有多个从句的复合句：找从属连词, 分析从句, 理解句意。

Whereas(引导状语从句表对比) a woman’s c losest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say that（引导宾语从句）he didn’t know that （引导宾语从句内的宾语从句）his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until （引导时间状语从句）he appeared one night asking if（引导非谓语所带宾语从句）he could sleep on the sofa.含有插入语的句子：忽略插入成分, 直奔句子主题.The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)（插入成分）—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.成分省略：把握大意, 找出上文对应信息, 补充省略成分The magazine is male-targeting because young guys g enerally won’t pick up a ma gazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will(省略了will pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at males).1. 跳读插入语The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.2. 跳读非谓语动词短语In their skins, corals have tiny plants which act as “dustmen”, taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs very much to breathe.3. 跳读分隔现象Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.4. 跳读定语从句If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”,and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.真题再现【链接高清】1. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.2. If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.3. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure—a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan—“a woman who knew everybody of her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine “American Libraries”.4. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theory had baffled（难住）and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab Polytechnique（伊科尔理工学院）.◆5. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets，it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still inexistence，such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.(2016 高考新课标丙卷)6. Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails，Web posts and reviews，face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的)，but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. (2016 高考新课标丙卷)7. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. (2016 高考浙江卷)8. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny，new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. (2016 高考浙江卷)9. Every college discussion about community values，social climate and behavior s hould include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation，of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery. (2016 高考北京卷)10. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it.11. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has.1. 句子虽长，主干结构为系表结构it wasn’t unusual。

高考英语阅读题复习长难句处理技巧

高考英语阅读题复习——长难句处理技巧一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。

句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。

这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度。

分析长难句的基本方法是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。

下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的处理技巧。

一、处理长难句的原则方法如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可这样处理：跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。

这样一来，我们便可以将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。

具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句。

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。

注意，弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。

另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。

但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加考试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。

二、经典高考真题实例分析下面这篇文章共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。

英语长难句解析三步法

三步搞定英语长句
英语长句的理解方法
英语阅读类题型的三大拦路虎
语法
单词
长句
英语的长句是树状的
一条根，一根干，很多枝叶
英语句子的根和干
I agree.
主+谓（自动）
We had watched her show. 主+谓+宾（他动）
干
根
Amy is teaching us Math.
主+谓+宾+宾（授予）
三步搞定英语长句示例2
寻根找干砍枝叶
The American economic system is organized / around a basically private-enterprise, marketoriented economy / in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced / by spending their money / in the marketplace / for those goods and services / that they want most.
We made the question easy. 主+谓+宾+宾补（使役）
She must be happy.
主+系+表语/主补（静态）
英语句子的根、干、枝叶
干根枝叶（状语和定语） We watched / her wonderful show on TV
/ because we hadn’t got the tickets.
三步搞定英语长句
寻根
找干
砍枝叶

英语长难句翻译技巧

英语长难句翻译技巧断句。

The Department /for/ Work /and/Pensions said the ESA proposals were not government policy, /but that they reflected ministerssearch /for/ a solution/ to /the backlog /of /claims /for /ESA /and /its higher /than/ forecast cost.以上这一段中间没有句号，所以算是一句话。

如何断句呢，英语里面用介词来连接句子，所以一般在介词处断句，如果你是初学翻译，那么所有介词处都要断开。

找中心句。

英语句子把重要信息放在前面，汉语句子放在后面。

英译汉时，我们要找到最"废话'的句子和主干句，先译废话，再翻中心句。

上面这句话里面的中心句they reflected ministerssearch for a solution找"废话'。

离中心句最远的成份，就是废话，汉语里面用来铺陈的句子一般都属于"废话'，这里的废话无疑是to the backlog of claims for ESA and its higher than forecast cost.翻译。

既然成份都找出来了，就开始翻译吧!先译废话，再译主干。

这句话译为：劳作和社会保证部称，就业扶持津贴提案并非政府出台的政策，但由于人们对就业扶持津贴和其高于预期成本怨声载道，该提案也能反映出官员们正在寻找应对方法。

(仅供参照)重读。

译完句子之后，一定要重新读一篇，看一看是不是顺畅。

如果不通顺，要依据汉语的构句构词方法进行修改。

2英语长难句的翻译方法一.引言翻译英语长句时，我们经常面临的问题是：熟悉句中的所有词汇、清楚句中的所有语法，然而却不能将整个句子译成意义正确、语句通顺的汉语。

高中英语阅读英语长难句分析方法

中学英语阅读英语长难句分析方法阅读理解中有些难句子和长句子看不懂,请老师写一些难句子长句子并教我分析一下答：在阅读中，我们常常会遇到一些长而难的句子。

长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。

长难句的丰富内容和困难结构往往会导致理解的困难。

理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。

一、长难句的分类1、带有较多成分的简洁句。

如：Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. 例如，确定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必需选择出要用的准确的电视节目和电视台，以及那些详细的妇女杂志。

在这个有30多个词的简洁句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式to be used修饰的不仅是women’s magazine，而且还修饰television programs and stations. exact television同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。

插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。

2、含有多个简洁句的并列句。

如：In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.在20世纪70年头，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位精彩的太太和5个美丽的孩子，但他那时过得却很不快乐。

英语复杂句结构划分方法

复杂句子结构成分划分过关长难句分析步骤1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。

2、如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。

按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）。

译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。

如意义出入较大，文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。

3、如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。

4、如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。

练习（一）① We lived in the house built by my father.③ They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.④ Being ill, she cannot attend the meeting.⑤ Who win the game is now known.⑥ They realize that it is of great value to keep their original language.⑦ The question is why we must do it.⑧ I have no idea when he will be back.⑨ I like the noodle that my mother cooked.① Your doctor tells you that you have an incurable disease and may not have more than12 months to live.② Hawking explains both what it means to be a scientist and how science works.③ Scientists know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn outto be wrong.④ The scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predictfuture events.⑤ They are never satisfied with a simple answer and are always looking for new questions.⑥ A reporter must know how to ask the right questions and how to get people to talk aboutthe topic.⑦ She is a happy girl who smiles a lot and likes to talk to her friends after school.8. She spends much of her time telling others about her disease and encouraging people tolearn how to protect themselves.9.. The scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict the future events.10.. Their stories must be told if we want to solve difficult social problems and help thosewho suffer from them.11. New technology is being used to make sure that the cars, buses, taxis and trains that we use do not pollute the air.12. I wish that people would find out the facts and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.13. One of the most important things we must do is to make sure that children who are affectedby the disease receive the help and care that they need.14.When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.15.The old English teacher who retired ten years ago will give us a talk on how to study English well when he is free next week.练习（二）1. (1)Time should be made good use of _____ our lessons well.(2)Time should be spent _____ English by everybody at present.A. learningB. learnedC. to learnD. having learned3. (1)Are you talking about _____ the new school next week?(2)The person we talked about _______ our school last week.A. visitingB. will visitC. visitedD. has visited4. (1)The days we have been looking forward to ______ soon.(2)They have been looking forward to _____ to China soon.(3)These days we have been looking forward to _______ to visit you.A. comingB. will comeC. cameD. have come5.(1)_____ on the stone, you will see farther.(2)______ on the stone, and you will see farther.A. StandB. To standC. StoodD. Standing6. .(1)The question ___ now at the meeting is very important.(2)The question __ at the meeting last week is very important.(3)he question ___ tomorrow at the meeting is very important.A. discussingB. discussedC. being discussedD. to be discussed7. .(1)There ______ no bus, we had to go by bike.(2)There ______ no bus. We had to go by bike.A. wasB. BeingC. hadD. is8. _____ he has done it is surprising._____ he has done is surprising.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhetherD. If9. _____ from the hill, the park seems beautiful._____ from the hill, you’ll find the park beautiful.A. SeeB. SeenC. SeeingD. To be seen10. _____ this road, you will get there._____ this road, and you will get there.A. FollowB. To followC. FollowingD. Followed。

高中英语拆分长难句技巧及练习

高中英语拆分长难句技巧引例：①技术有潜力。

The technology has the potential.②技术有改变交通系统与城市的潜力。

The technology has the potential to change our transportation system and our city.③技术有改变交通系统与城市的潜力，或让其变好，或让其变糟。

The technology has the potential to change our transportation system and our city for better or for worse.④技术有改变交通系统与城市的潜力，或让其变好，或让其变糟，取决于这个改变如何被调控。

The technology has the potential to change our transportation system and our city for better or for worse，depending on how the change is regulated.Part1长难句拆解三大思路一、介宾短语∶介词+名词/代词He comes into the room with a book.二、非谓语∶to do /doing/doneThe technology has the potential to change our transportation system and our city.三、从句∶引导词至标点前I was late because I got up late.Because I got up late，I was late.注意：1. 拆解到只剩下五大句子基本结构五大基本结构及另外三种类型。

（中文及缩写符号）句子基本结构缩写符号主语＋谓语S+V主语＋谓语＋宾语S+V+O主语＋系动词＋表语S+V+P主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语S+V+O+C主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语S+V+IO+DO/S+V+O+O主语＋谓语＋状语S+V+A主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语S+V+O+A存现句∶引导词there 引导的句子/I often run in the morning.(S+V+A)We have a great trip last weekend.（S+V+O+A）There are a lot of books on the desks.(存现句)2. 3A可拆，非3A不可拆。

长难句拆分的四个步骤

长难句拆分的四个步骤
一、分解长句：
1、从句首开始，把句子中的每个成分进行分解，以每一次分解时的内容作为一个句子的一部分，来逐步削减长句的内容，以构成一个一个较短的句子。

2、分解过程中，注意把句子分解成最小单位，把跟句首有关的内容分解出来，以清楚的语气表达每一个句子的内容。

二、排列句子：
1、根据语句的结构和意思将分解出来的句子重新排列组合，把跟句首相关的内容放在句子最前面。

2、当重新排列组合后的句子，产生新的句子时，要根据其结构和意思对句子进行调整，以做到句子简明易懂。

三、修辞调整：
1、在排列组合句子时，要注意修改主语和谓语的语序，确保句子结构有序，语义明确。

2、句子中修辞学上的错误，要根据句子的意思来修改，以保证句子可以准确表达意思，符合英语习惯。

四、拼接长句：
1、根据原句的意思，按照正确的语法规则，把分解好的句子按顺序重新组合拼接起来，依据语法原则，妥善使用定语从句、状语从句和并列句来使句子更加简洁而准确地表达意思。

2、比较复杂的句子还需要借助省略句，同时也要注意句尾的顺
口溜，保持句意和表达连贯，以及考虑恰当的单字选择，以准确表达句意。