翻译概论 三对矛盾的关系

forums。In fact，a group of professional translators at the United
Nations headquarters in New York City have insisted that the most difficult text to translate is one in which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing.
and testing the correspondences.A few errors in the correspondences of lexical
meaning are much more excusable than missing the spirit and aesthetic character of the source text.
…Those who insist that translation is impossible are usually concerned with some
of the more marginal features of figurative
language and complex poetic structures…
“可译”与“不可译” “翻译”与“解释” 先关注风格还是直译完成再关注风格 翻译是天生的还是后天训练培养
机器翻译与人工翻译 理解与表达
可译与不可译 哲学
异与同 文化
形与神 诗学
<footer>
来源：《许译中国经典诗文集——唐诗三百首》
“翻译”与“解释”
translating is valid but paraphrase is wrong
“既然语言在表达内容上没 Since languages do not differ essentially
有本质差异，而只是在表述 方式上有差异，所以解释是
in what they can say，but in how they say it，paraphrase is inevitable. What
is important is the semantic legitimacy
不可避免。重要的是解释在 of the paraphrase· 语义上的合理性。”
The most difficult texts to translate are not，however，highly literary productions，but rather those texts which say nothing，the type of language often used by politicians and delegates to international
“翻译”与“解释”
“翻译”与“解释”
先关注风格还是直译完成再关注风格
奈达认为译者从一开始就关注风格问题
A further paradox occurs in the widespread view that a translator should first produce a
more or less literal rendering of the source text and then proceed to improve it stylistically。Style，however，is not the frosting on the cake，but an integral part
7.4 三对矛盾的关系
<footer>
可译与不可译
异与同
形与神
尤金·奈达 《语言与文化——翻译中的语境》
“可译”与“不可译” “翻译”与“解释” 先关注风格还是直译完成再关注风格 翻译是天生的还是后天训练培养
机器翻译与人工翻译 理解与表达
“可译”与“不可译”
“那些坚持认为翻译是不可能的人关注的是 隐喻性的语言和复杂诗学的一些边缘性特征”
of the process of interlingual communication.It must be built into the text right
from the beginning. It is usually better to aim first at a stylistically satisfactory rendering of the source text and then review it carefully to“tighten it up”by analyzing
“可译”与“不可译”
《杨振宁文选》英文本序言中引用了两句杜甫的名诗 “文章千古事，得失寸心知”； 杨振宁先生的英译文是： A piece of literature is meant for the millennium. But its ups and downs are known already in the author’s heart 许渊冲先生的建议译本为： A poem may long, long remain. Who knows the poets’ loss and gain! A poem lasts a thousand years Who knows the poets’ smiles and tears
In spring amid the flowers of the peach and plum In autumn rains when the leaves of the wu'ung fall? (Giles)
The spring wind returned at night; the peach and plum trees blossomed again. Plane leaves fell in the autumn rains. (Gladys Yang)
Or when in vernal breeze were peach and plum full-blown Or when in autumn rain parasol leaves were shed? In Western as in Southern Court was grass o'er grown; With fallen leaves upswept the marble steps turned red. (Xu)
When plum and peach the spring renewed, and blossoms opened well; When wu-t'ung leaves in autumn rain before the breezes fell. (Fletcher)
理解与表达
对于译者来说最苦难的事情莫过于彻底了解 一个文本的概念意义和联想意义
翻译是天生的还是后天训练培养
“天赋观”与Biblioteka “后天发展观”潜在的译者需要具
翻译培训的最重要 价值就是使人意识 到自己的短处
有高超的语言创新
应用能力
机器翻译与人工翻译
• 对于那些风格魅力十足和语义复杂的文本来说， 人工翻译是必须的 • 总是无法找到完美无缺、流芳百世的译文。
机器翻译与人工翻译
春风桃李花开日，秋雨梧桐叶落时.