Cyberbullying--网络欺凌

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Cyberbullying--网络欺凌

对网络欺凌指南和事例集》（2008.11） 2.加强对孩子的网络道德教育（网络使用规则、风险回避、个
人隐私及人权侵害）
概念
研究现状
对比
措施
Cyber-bullying & The Law
德国—从源头入手，注重人性教育
Know your rights. Facing
cyberbullying, we can do a lot
来越多，欺凌力度越越强，持续时间越来越长，负面影响越来越大，不知内情的旁观者的态度也纷纷倒向了 B。此事件后来还扩展到了利用电子邮件、手机匿名向 A 发来大量谩骂的邮件和短信。A 感到孤独无援，身心备受折磨，后来不得不离开该校。贴吧上还残留着大量欺凌 A 的文字、图片，形成了永久的伤害。这就是典型的网络欺凌！
概念
对比
国内外研究现状
措施
Law + School + Parents
概念
研究现状
对比
措施
Cyber-bullying & The Law
US
Know your rights. Facing
cyberbullying, we can do a lot
actually.
美国—立法先行，依靠法律进行规制
网络暴力 Cyber violence
网络暴力是指网民借助网络的虚拟空间用语言文字对
人进行讨伐与攻击的暴力行为,是社会暴力在网络上的延伸。网络暴力是网络欺凌的激化形式。
网络侵犯网络越轨
网络侵犯行为主要表现为计算机网络犯罪,包括技术性破坏行为,利用互联网制作、复制和传播有害信息,网络诈骗和窃密活动等等。
2.网络欺凌的方式与手段多样性

雅思利弊分析范文

雅思利弊分析范文在当今这个数字化时代，社交媒体就像一个无处不在的小精灵，悄悄潜入了我们生活的方方面面。

那它到底是个神奇的魔法棒，还是个隐藏的小恶魔呢？让我们来好好分析一下。

一、社交媒体的好处（The Advantages of Social Media）1. 社交连接（Social Connection）首先啊，社交媒体就像是一座超级巨大的桥梁，把世界各地的人都连接起来了。

不管你是在繁华的纽约，还是在遥远的小山村，只要你有网络，就能和远在天边的朋友、家人甚至是陌生人聊天互动。

比如说，我有个朋友在国外留学，以前我们只能通过昂贵的国际长途电话联系，现在呢，通过社交媒体，我们可以随时分享生活中的点滴，发个搞笑的小视频，或者吐槽一下最近遇到的烦心事，感觉距离一下子就拉近了。

而且，它还能让我们结识来自不同文化背景的新朋友，拓展我们的社交圈，就像打开了一个装满各种宝藏朋友的魔法盒子。

2. 信息获取（Access to Information）社交媒体还是一个超级信息库，里面的信息就像潮水一样源源不断。

无论是新闻资讯、学习资料还是各种有趣的生活小窍门，都能在上面找到。

就拿我自己来说吧，我对时尚很感兴趣，在社交媒体上关注了很多时尚博主，他们会分享最新的时尚潮流、穿搭技巧，我感觉自己就像坐在时尚秀场的前排一样，能第一时间获取到这些信息。

而且对于学生来说，很多学习小组和教育机构也会在社交媒体上分享学习资源，这就像是有一群免费的小老师在身边，随时准备给你传授知识呢。

3. 自我表达（Self expression）这可是社交媒体的一个超酷功能哦！每个人都可以在上面展示自己独特的个性和才华。

你可以发自己画的一幅画、写的一首诗或者唱的一首歌，就像在一个无限大的舞台上表演一样。

我认识一个小伙伴，他特别喜欢摄影，以前他的作品只能放在自己的电脑里孤芳自赏，但是自从他在社交媒体上分享自己的摄影作品后，吸引了很多同样喜欢摄影的朋友，还得到了很多专业人士的建议和鼓励呢。

互联网安全英语词汇大全守护个人隐私与信息安全

互联网安全英语词汇大全守护个人隐私与信息安全随着互联网的快速发展，越来越多的人开始关注个人隐私和信息安全。

保护个人隐私已经成为当今社会中一个重要的问题。

为了更好地理解互联网安全，我们需要了解相关的英语词汇。

本文将为大家提供一份互联网安全英语词汇大全，帮助大家更好地守护个人隐私和信息安全。

一、网络安全基础知识1. Information security 信息安全2. Data breach 数据泄露3. Cyber attack 网络攻击4. Malware 恶意软件5. Phishing 钓鱼网站6. Firewall 防火墙7. Encryption 加密8. Two-factor authentication 双因素认证9. Password security 密码安全10. Vulnerability 漏洞以上是一些基本的网络安全词汇，了解这些词汇将有助于我们更好地防范网络攻击，保护个人信息的安全。

二、个人隐私保护1. Privacy policy 隐私政策2. Consent 同意3. Data protection 数据保护4. Personally identifiable information (PII) 可识别个人信息5. Cookie 饼干（网络词义中指浏览器中的小型文件）6. Anonymity 匿名性7. Opt-out 选择退出8. Do Not Track (DNT) 不追踪在互联网上，个人隐私受到威胁。

了解这些词汇将帮助我们更好地保护个人隐私，避免个人信息被滥用。

三、社交媒体安全1. Social engineering 社交工程2. Online harassment 网络骚扰3. Cyberbullying 网络欺凌4. Identity theft 身份盗窃5. Geo-tagging 地理标记6. Privacy settings 隐私设置7. Security question 安全问题社交媒体的普及使得我们必须更加关注个人信息的安全。

cyber 用法

cyber 用法Cyber是一种常见的英文词汇，它源自于希腊语kubernētēs（舵手）一词，传统上指的是与电子计算机、网络和虚拟空间相关的事物。

在当代社会，随着科技的发展和数字化的普及，我们经常会遇到与cyber有关的词汇和用法。

本文将重点介绍cyber的用法。

首先，cyber可以作为一个前缀，用于构成与计算机和网络相关的词汇。

例如，我们常听说的cyberspace（虚拟空间）指的是通过计算机网络连接起来的虚拟世界。

同时，cyber还可以与其他词汇组合，形成新的概念，比如cybersecurity（网络安全）、cybercrime（网络犯罪）和cyberbullying（网络欺凌）等。

这些词汇反映了cyber作为一个前缀的广泛运用。

其次，cyber可以用作一个动词，表示与计算机和网络相关的行为。

例如，我们可以使用cyber来表示在网络上进行交流和互动的行为，比如cyberchat（网络聊天）、cyber shopping（网上购物）和cyber dating（网络约会）等。

这些动词的使用使得我们能够更准确地描述在数字化时代人们常常进行的活动。

此外，cyber还常常用作一个名词，指代与网络相关的事物或场景。

比如，cyberworld（网络世界）指的是由计算机网络构成的虚拟社会；cybercafe（网吧）指的是提供计算机和网络服务的场所；而cyberculture（网络文化）则指的是在网络环境中形成的独特文化现象。

这些词汇的运用丰富了我们对网络和虚拟空间的认识。

总的来说，cyber作为一个词汇在当代社会中被广泛运用，并且涉及到多个领域。

无论是作为前缀、动词还是名词，cyber都在描述与计算机、网络和虚拟空间相关的事物和行为时发挥着重要的作用。

我们需要理解并正确运用cyber的各种用法，以更好地适应和应对数字化时代的发展。

希望本文能够帮助读者对cyber的用法有一个清晰的了解。

通过学习和掌握这些用法，我们可以更好地与数字化时代保持接轨，并且更好地利用计算机和网络的优势。

网络欺凌外文文献翻译中英文2020

网络欺凌外文翻译2020英文Cyberbullying: Roles of school psychologists and school counselors in addressing apervasive social justice issueSalman Elbedour，Salihah Alqahtani，etcAbstractSchool psychologists and school counselors can act as agents of social justice in schools to prevent cyberbullying, particularly among the most vulnerable populations. Cyberbullying is an emerging form of bullying that has shown an alarming increase in society within the last decade and in schools as microcosms of society. Cyberbullying among K-12 students has adverse social, physical, and emotional impacts for victims, perpetrators, and bystanders. Advocacy for prevention, intervention, and more effective policies from school psychologists and counselors is of paramount importance for student and school community well-being and safety. This article provides an overview of cyberbullying in schools as a social justice issue; explores advocacy, ethical, and practitioner roles of both school psychologists and school counselors to address this issue among students in schools; discusses empirically based psychotherapy techniques for intervention and risk assessment; and offers policy and practice options to address cyberbullying.Keywords: Bullying, Cyberbullying, K-12 students, School psychologists, School counselors1. Cyberbullying as a social justice issueSchools often are microcosms of larger society, mirroring social justice issues and challenges among students and school communities. As Jamaican educator Janette Fuller (2015) espoused, “The school and the society are therefore one and the same. … The school is society, a tiny replica. The problems that are identified in the schools are the same problems that are existent in the wider society” (para. 12). Cyberbullying is a social justice issue because, similar to traditional bullying, it involves a power imbalance (Kowalski, Giumetti, Schroeder, & Lattanner, 2014) and is frequently aimed at students who are different from the mainstream culture (Herreraet al., 2015, National Association of School Psychologists, 2019). Davison and Stein (2014) found that children from low-socioeconomic-status families were 3 times more likely to be bullied online. Vulnerable populations are common victims of cyberbullying, including students with neurodevelopmental disorders (Beckman, Hellstrom, & von Kobyletzki, 2019) or nontraditional sexual orientation (Duarte, Pittman, Thorsen, Cunningham, & Ranney, 2018). Kowalski and Toth (2018) found significantly higher rates of cybervictimization among students with disabilities. As such, prevention of cyberbullying among these populations is required by civil rights laws ((National Association of School Psychologists, 2019)).The advent of social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter, cell phones, and e-mail has expanded accessibility and communication options. Although technological advancements have many positives, adverse effects include harassment, aggressive talk and gossip, insults, and verbal attacks on virtual platforms. These are examples of cyberbullying. “Cyberbullying is any behavior performed through electronic or digital media by individuals or groups that repeatedly communicates hostile or aggressive messages intended to inflict harm or discomfort to others” (Tokunaga, 2010, p. 278). Most researchers (e.g., P. Smith et al., 2008, Sticca et al., 2013) have used the Olweus (1993) classic definition of bullying as being repeated, over time, to victims who cannot defend themselves, adding the technological element as well as potential anonymity. Patchin and Hinduja (2006) defined cyberbullying as “willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text” (p. 152). Barkoukis, Lazuras, Ourda, and Tsorbatzoudis (2016) explained.Accordingly, cyberbullying rests on mastery of technology rather than physical strength: thus, perpetrators do not necessarily need to be physically stronger than their victims. Depending on the specific incident, the witnesses of cyberbullying may range from a small group of people (e.g., classmates who share text messages through mobile phones), to large audiences comprising thousands of internet users (e.g., a humiliating video posted in a video-sharing site and viewed by the site’s users). (p. 114)Menesini and Nocentini (2009) agreed that any definition of cyberbullying musttake into account the ability of the victim to block the attack, the frequency, and the intention of the perpetrator, while acknowledging that definitions will probably vary across cultures and age groups.Like traditional bullying, cyberbullying involves a power imbalance, whether physical, social, technical, relational, or psychological (Davison and Stein, 2014, Kowalski et al., 2014). Anonymity provides a psychological power imbalance (Kowalski et al., 2014). Slonje and Smith (2008) defined cyberbullying as an intentional and aggressive behavior or act repeatedly carried out by an individual (or group) against others who cannot easily defend themselves, using electronic tools such as social networks, e-mail, and cellphones. Davison and Stein (2014)included power imbalance in their definition as well: “Cyberbullying is reported as an aggressive, intentional act distributed by an individual or group, using contact in an electronic medium, continuously and relentlessly against someone who cannot stand up for himself or herself easily” (p. 595).2. Role of school psychologists and school counselorsAs mental health professionals, school psychologists and school counselors can play vital roles through collaborative leadership to institute effective prevention and intervention strategies and programs to address cyberbullying. According to the (National Association of School Psychologists, 2019), school psychologists have not only an ethical but also a legal responsibility to prevent bullying. As bullying targets vulnerable populations, an insufficient school response to bullying qualifies as a civil rights violation ((National Association of School Psychologists, 2019)). Professionals are encouraged through ethical guidelines and advocacy calls to promote policies and practices in schools that will address cyberbullying as a social justice issue detrimental to students and school communities. Specific interventions and strategies school psychologists and mental health counselors can implement are discussed later in this paper. The professional organizations for both school psychologists and school counselors, the NASP and the American School Counselor Association (2016), have given clear guidelines of both advocacy and ethics to address bullying and cyberbullying. School-based mental health professions recognizethat any kind of bullying and relational aggression “are forms of school violence that can jeopardize the psychological and emotional well-being of children and adolescents and encourage school psychologists to take a leadership role in developing ways to reduce school violence” (Diamanduros, Downs, & Jenkins, 2008, p. 694). The NASP stated,Cyberbullying or electronic aggression is also a public health issue that is creating unique and difficult challenges for school personnel. The High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey also indicated that 14.9% of students reported being victims of some form of cyberbullying. … Researchers have found that 27% of youth who were victims of cyberbullying have also carried a weapon to school. (p. 2)Schools have become a top priority with regards to providing evidence-based practices for mental health concerns (Splett & Maras, 2011), including those linked to school safety jeopardized by cyberbullying.3. Prevalence of cyberbullyingGiven possible cultural differences in describing bullying and a scarcity of longitudinal studies, it is difficult to pinpoint whether bullying is increasing, but most data support that cyberbullying rates are increasing. Among vulnerable populations, cyberbullying is prevalent. Beckman, Hellstrom, & von Kobyletzki, 2019 studied cyberbullying in Europe, North America, the Middle East, and Australia, reporting up to 41% of students with neurodevelopmental disorders were victims. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019) reported 33% of U.S. middle school students and 30% of high school students reported being cyberbullied the previous year. Other sources (Aboujaoude et al., 2015, National Cyber Security Alliance, 2016) have reported cyberbullying rates of 20–40% among adolescents. Sevcikova and Smahel (2009) found that the highest proportion of aggressors occurs among younger students (12–15 years old) and the next highest are those students from 16–19 years old.Gender appears to play a role in rates of cyberbullying. In a UK study, Ackers (2012)surveyed 325 student respondents, finding that 16% of the females and 8% of the males had been cyberbullied. Schneider, O’Donnell, Stueve, and Coulter (2012)found reports of cyberbullying higher among girls than boys (18.3% vs.13.2%). Rice et al. (2015) also reported that girls were more likely to be perpetrator-victims of cyberbullying. Low and Espelage (2013) found no gender differences at younger ages, but by middle school, females had higher levels of cyberbullying. Mishna, Cook, Gadalla, Daciuk, and Solomon (2010) found that older girls were more likely to be cybervictims than older boys, but that the boys were more likely to be threatened.Given the increasing rates, cyberbullying has become an educational concern both nationally and internationally (Herrera et al., 2015). The potential anonymity of the assault, the potential size of the audience, and the ability to cyberbully at any time of day or night indicate that cyberbullying has the potential to be far more pervasive and create more emotional harm than traditional bullying (Hoff and Mitchell, 2009, Sprague, 2014). Because cyberbullying is a relatively new phenomenon, researchers are trying to keep up with its spread and potential for causing harm not only to individuals but also to entire school systems. The decrease in traditional bullying around the world has been attributed to the implementation of antibullying programs and laws (Rigby & Smith, 2011). Thus, similar measures must be taken against cyberbullying.4. Studying cyberbullyingAlthough the concept of cyberbullying is still in its infancy, a relatively robust vocabulary has been created to describe the phenomenon, including words and phrases such as flaming, cyber harassment, cyberstalking, denigration, masquerading, outing, trickery, and exclusion (Espelage, Hong, & Valido, 2018). The sheer number and nuanced meanings of the words suggest that scholars have given the topic a lot of thought. Hamby, McDonald, and Grych (2014) c alled cyberbullying “as much a research trend as it is a media darling” (p. 3). Canadian writer Bill Belsey is credited with coining the term cyberbullying in the late 1990s, roughly coinciding with the time a second generation of portable communication devices became available to a majority of young people (Donegan, 2012).4.1. Social implicationsBefore cyberbullying became possible, studies by Norwegian Dan Olweus hadconvinced people that bullying was not just a phase, but a criminal justice problem. His 8-year study found that “bullying in early adolescence strongly predicted later criminality” (Olweus, 2011, p. 151). Earlier, Olweus (1993) found that 70% of middle school bullies had been convicted of a crime by the age of 24. Bender and Lösel (2011) re plicated Olweus’s findings, suggesting that bullying is a predictor of nearly all antisocial outcomes, with physical bullying more predictive than verbal or indirect bullying; victimization was not a predictor.M. Smith (2004) reiterated that bullying in s chools can lead to “bullying in the workplace, the home, prisons, and sporting events as well as stalking” (p. 43). Consequently, bullying can cost organizations “billions of dollars through absenteeism, turnover, and legal actions” (Ferris, 2009, p. 174). Because of bullying, society bears the burden of increased health care costs, police costs, and court costs (Craig & Pepler, 2007).4.2. Power imbalanceA power imbalance can be somewhat difficult to assess off line, as it can be social (including financial), psychological, or physical, concepts that are not always discernable at first glance (Dooley, Pyzalski, & Cross, 2009). Sticca et al. (2013)observed that power imbalances can be more difficult to assess online, where someone with even limited skills can post a photo while remaining anonymous. Vandebosch and Van Cleemput (2008) used real-life power criteria, such as physical strength and age, as well as criteria related to information and communications technology, such as technological knowledge and anonymity, to assess power imbalance. Vulnerable populations are more susceptible to cyberbullying. Davison and Stein (2014) also found that children of low socioeconomic status are 3 times more likely to be bullied online.4.3. Cyberbullying compared with traditional bullyingTwo types of traditional bullying exist: direct and indirect. Significantly, cyberbullying merges aspects of both types: the name calling and threats of direct bullying, and the spreading of rumors and social exclusion of indirect bullying (Aricak et al., 2008). Studies of the consequences of cyberbullying have confirmedlittle difference between cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Even given the “anonymity of the perpetrator and the continuity of the message,” Dehue (2013)found litt le evidence that “the effects of online antisocial behavior are more severe than the effects of face-to-face antisocial behavior” (p. 3). Bauman and Newman (2013) also found in a study of 788 university students that the form of bullying (online or off) was not a distinguishing feature for the amount of distress caused by the bully. Significant gender differences were found, however, with women reporting more stress from bullying. Given that some studies have found online bullying in general reduces empathy (Dooley et al., 2009), in a case in which a male bully is victimizing a female online, the male may be even more oblivious to the pain he is causing, since males in general feel less stress from online harassment. Bauman and Newman concluded, “It appears that the emotional distress caused by victimization is a function of the nature of the specific incident, rather than the method of delivery” (p. 34).Ortega-Ruiz et al. (2012) also found that direct bullying and cyberbullying by mobile phone and indirect bullying and using the Internet to bully someone showed similar emotional impact profiles on the victims. A study of younger victims in Belgium found similar results, with focus groups suggesting that the behavior was more important than the medium (Dooley et al., 2009). A similar finding was noted by Sticca et al. (2013) among Swiss youth. Although cyber scenarios of bullying were generally perceived as worse than traditional ones, public scenarios of any kind were rated worse than private ones. Sticca et al. concluded that the “role of the medium is secondary to the role of publicity and anonymity when it comes to evaluating bullying severity” (p. 739).Whereas Davison and Stein (2014) found in a study of German students that those who were cyberbullied felt less anger than those who were traditionally bullied, some research has indicated cyberbullying, especially for younger victims, can have a greater impact than traditional bullying. In their 2008 study of Massachusetts students in Grades 9–12, Schneider et al. (2012) found reports of depressive symptoms were highest among victims of both types of bullying (47%), followed by cyber-only victims (33.9%) and school-only victims (26.6%), compared with 13.6% ofnonvictims. Of even more concern, victims of both cyberbullying and off-line bullying were 5 times more likely than nonvictims to attempt suicide (Schneider et al., 2012). Although Stauffer, Heath, Coyne, and Ferrin (2012) found in their research that the effects of cyberbullying were very similar to the effects of traditional bullying, they concluded that cyberbullying could be “potentially more harmful” (p. 354). In their article on risk factors associated with cyberbullying, Dredge, Gleeson, and de la Piedad Garcia (2014) reported on numerous studies suggesting the impact of cyberbullying is more severe than traditional bullying. Their own interviews of 25 adolescents 15–24 years old supported the previous work in several cases: when the bully is unknown, when the bully is a friend, or when a large number were suspected of seeing the bully’s handiwork. Dooley et al. (2009) also found in focus groups from Belgium that not knowing the bully often increased feelings of powerlessness. In contrast, Slonje and Smith (2008) found that, among 360 adolescent Swedes, e-mail and text message bullying was less harmful than traditional bullying precisely because victims did not know who the bully was.Researchers have speculated that cyberbullying potentially may have a greater impact than traditional bullying for several reasons. Notably, those who are bullied off-line can find safety in their homes; in contrast, online bullies can be active 24 h a day, 7 days a week, and can reach through walls to target victims (Dooley et al., 2009, Hinduja and Patchin, 2008, Twyman et al., 2010). Baek and Bullock (2014)suggested that cyberbullying can lead to tardiness, truancy, aggression, substance abuse, and suicide (although those who commit suicide often had other problems) and that “the emotional impact [of cyberbullying] has the potential to be more serious” than regular bullying (p. 230).4.4. Impact on victims, bullies, and witnessesJust as with traditional bullying, researchers have documented many negative outcomes from cyberbullying, including anxiety, depression, substance abuse, sleep disorders, somatic symptoms, decreased school performance, absenteeism, truancy, dropping out of school, murder, and suicide (Kowalski et al., 2014, National Association of School Psychologists, 2019). Ferris (2009) stated, “Bullying isassociated with negative health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, headache, and musculoskeletal problems” (p. 174). In a study of 2,000 Finnish adolescents, Sourander et al. (2010) reported 22% of self-reported cybervictims felt unsafe, with those percentages rising if the bully was an adult or a stranger or if there was more than one bully. Craig and Pepler (2007) agreed that victims are at risk for “anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints” (p. 87).Moreover, bullies are at risk for “long-term problems with antisocial behavior and substance use” (Craig & Pepler, 2007, p. 87), leading to sexual harassment and dating aggression, which “can extend to workplace harassment, as well as marital, child, and elder abuse” (p. 88). As with traditional bullying, cyberbullies complain of an array of problems similar to those cited by their victims (Sourander et al., 2010). Both groups suffer from binge drinking and drug abuse (Davison & Stein, 2014). Cyberbullies also report greater conduct problems, hyperactivity, and low prosocial behavior (Sourander et al., 2010), although those issues could be predictors rather than consequences of cyberbullying. The (National Association of School Psychologists, 2019) reported bullying perpetration is associated with risk of carrying a weapon, substance abuse, and poor academic achievement.Witnesses to bullying can suffer even more. In a study of more than 2,000 UK students aged 12–16, “observing bullying at school predicted risks to mental health over and above that predicted for those students who were directly involved in bullying behavior as either a perpetrator or a victim” (Rivers, Poteat, Noret, & Ashurst, 2009, p. 211). In a study of Canadian students in Grades 4, 7, and 10, Holfeld and Mishna (2017) found witnessing cyberbullying was positively associated with being both a cyberbully or victim. The researchers addressed the importance of school counselors and psychologists recognizing the impact on witnesses. Bullying has seriously negative short- and long-term consequences on the victim, the bully, and witnesses.4.5. Risk and predictive factorsMany predictive factors of cyberbullying are common with traditional bullying. Raskauskas and Stoltz (2007), in a survey of 84 students, found that almostall the cyberbullies were traditional bullies and vice versa. Ybarra and Mitchell (2007)found that cyberbullies were more likely to engage in off-line aggression as well. In a study of 1,700 German secondary school students, Katzer, Fetchenhauer, and Belschak (2009) found victims of traditional bullying also likely to be chatroom victims: “Results suggest that bullying in Internet chatrooms is not a phenomenon distinct from bullying in school” (p. 32). Victims of traditional bullying are likely to become targets of cyberbullying (Arslan et al., 2012, Twyman et al., 2010).However, the rise of cyberbullying can be linked to the increased amounts of time youth spend on social media. Rates of screen time are increasing dramatically around the world, not only in the United States. Over 90% of U.S. teenagers reported daily use of social media (Lenhart, 2015). Alvarez (2012) found that U.S. teenagers spent an estimated 7 h per day using cell phones and computers; Lenhart (2015) reported 24% of teens were online nearly constantly. Davison and Stein (2014) reported on a Center for Digital Future survey that found adolescents spent 17 h per week on the Internet. In a survey of 2,658 young people in the spring of 2015, Common Sense Media found that Black teens spent an average of 11 h and 13 min each day with media; Hispanic teens, just over 9 h; and White teens, 8 h and 48 min. While some of that time is spent listening to music, nearly two thirds of the teens said watching television or texting while doing homework did not affect their ability to study and learn, despite research to the contrary (Common Sense Media, 2015). Students said their parents talked to them about the content of what they watch, but not the amount (Common Sense Media, 2015).These numbers are troubling, because research has suggested the one certainty about cyberbullies and victims is that they spend a lot of time online. P. Smith et al. (2008) found that U.S. cyberaggressors and victims used the Internet more than nonaggressors and nonvictims. According to Rice et al. (2015), cyberbully victims, perpetrators, and perpetrator-victims were more likely to report Internet use of at least 3 h a day. Twyman et al. (2010) found that both victims and bullies reported being intense users of the Internet. Hinduja and Patchin (2008), in a survey of 1,378 adolescent Internet users, found that “computer proficiency and time spent onlinewere positively related to both cyberbullying victimization and offending” (p. 130).Ethnic minority students and students who texted at least 50 times a day also were more likely to report being victims (Rice et al., 2015). Among 181 undergraduates at a large midwestern U.S. university, Barlett (2015) found a positive correlation between cyberbullying and the frequency of instant messaging. In a study of 835 Swiss seventh graders, Sticca et al. (2013) found that traditional bullying, rule-breaking behavior, and frequency of online communication were risk factors for being an online bully, but that “experiences of victimization and intrapersonal characteristics were not found to increase the longitudinal risk of cyberbullying over and above antisocial behavior and frequency of online communication” (p. 52). Sticca et al. concluded, “Interpersonal characteristics and frequent online communication are the most prominent longitudinal risk factors for involvement in cyberbullying” (p.64).In a study of 1,023 students in Grades 5–7, Low and Espelage (2013) found that cyberbullying and off-line bullying shared risk and predictive factors. For example, a lack of empathy, bouts of depression, and the use of alcohol or drugs appeared to be associated with both online and off-line bullying. In longitudinal regression analyses, however, when risk and protective factors were considered simultaneously while controlling for race, gender, and previous bullying scores, the authors claimed the only overlap among predictors for traditional and online bullying was parental monitoring. The latter finding is interesting but might be explained by the percentage of those being cyberbullied changing with age, so as the longitudinal study progressed, changes in rates occurred that affected the outcome.The exact connection between Internet use and bullying needs further study. Aricak et al. (2008) explained the positive correlation by emphasizing the link between Internet use exposure to disturbing behaviors, with frequent users “becoming more vulnerable to the distress that comes with [that exposure]” (p. 258). P. Smith et al. (2008) even reported in their studies on UK students that cybervictims were more likely to use the Internet than cyberbullies. Katzer et al. (2009) embraced victimology theory to support a similar finding. In a survey of 1,700 German secondary schoolstudents, Katzer et al. found that just as off-line victims of bullying may frequent dangerous places, such as secluded parks, online victims were found to frequent “precarious sites,” such as extremist chatrooms (p. 32).4.6. Social normalization of cyberbullyingSpears, Slee, Owens, and Johnson (2009) took either a more pragmatic or defeatist approach, depending upon one’s worldview. Just as traditional bullying may be deeply ingrained in capitalistic cultures (Donegan, 2012), Spears et al. suggested “cyberbullying could be a normative component for contemporary r elationships as individuals navigate and inhabit social networking and video sharing worlds” (p. 194). Indeed, Vandebosch and Van Cleemput (2008) found 279 youngsters in 53 focus groups to be more concerned about computer viruses and hacking than they were about pedophilic attempts and cyberbullying, and more concerned about spam than sexual intimidation and pornographic websites. Similarly, P. Smith et al. (2008) reported that many of the over 600 students they studied indicated that cyberbullying was just another form of online “entertainment” (p. 383). Given these attitudes, parents who purchase a cell phone for their child to protect the child might be surprised to find out the opposite may be true, “as many youths admit to utilizing their phones as an i nstrument for cyberbullying” (Donegan, 2012, p. 34).Davison and Stein (2014) found a dangerous implication in their look at previous research on cyberbullying: “Society is beginning to not only accept, but expect, electronic communication behaviors that a re emotionally and physically damaging” (p. 596). Olweus (2011) was not even sure cyberbullying is a separate entity, observing that “to be cyberbullied or to cyberbully others seems to a large extent to be part of a general pattern of bullying, where use of the electronic media is only one possible form” (Kowalski et al., 2014, p. 1107).5. Prevention, risk-assessment, and intervention strategies for school psychologists and counselorsBoth school psychologists and school counselors must possess the clinical skills to work with individual students and groups of students in prevention and intervention of cyberbullying through delivery of counseling-based services: individual counseling,group counseling, classroom guidance, program coordination, and consultation. These professionals possess the requisite skills to collaborate with other school staff and administration to develop and implement school policies that can effectively address cyberbullying behaviors among students. This section offers some examples of prevention and intervention strategies to address cyberbullying in schools, as well as possible policies.5.1. Training for school psychologists and counselorsSchools are a unique category of organizations, in that they are responsible for both the physical and psychological safety of students as well of employees and the organization. Crises in schools can result in many psychologically traumatized children, and staff as well (Brock, 2013, Brock et al., 2013). As a distinct type of school crisis, cyberbullying requires not only substantially different school policy responses, but also qualitatively different skills and insights on the part of school personnel, especially school psychologists and counselors. School psychologists and school counselors must be prepared and trained to provide the most effective, proactive, evidence-based risk assessment and prevention and to prepare teachers and schools for crises associated with cyberbullying (Jimerson, Brock, & Pletcher, 2005). According to Reinke, Herman, and Tucker (2006), “Advances in prevention science during the past two decades have generated optimism that clinical interventions can reduce the prevalence and incidence of major mental disorders in society” (p. 313), including the prevention of cyberbullying. To perform their roles effectively, school mental health staff must be able to recognize the warning signs of cyberbullying behaviors among both victims and perpetrators.5.2. Awareness programs for all stakeholdersAs classroom teachers and administrators are often the first point of contact between students and school mental health staff, a school’s teachers must also be trained to recognize the signs of cyberbullying. According to Brock et al. (2013), school mental health staff should be responsible for delivering these training programs. Additionally, programs should be delivered to not only teachers, but parents and students as well. Both adults and students need to understand that electronic messages。

Cyberbullying 网络欺凌

Cyberbullying 网络欺凌作者：***来源：《疯狂英语·新阅版》2020年第06期网络欺凌是网络时代的新现象，指人们利用互联网做出针对个人或群体的，带有恶意、重复、敌意的伤害行为，使他人受到伤害。

1. suspend /s？藜？謖spend/ v. 暂停;使暂时停职（或停学等）2. violate /？謖va？奘？藜le？奘t/ v. 违反;违犯;违背（尤指法律、协议等）Cyberbullying is the use of technology to threaten， embarrass， or target another person. Online threats happen when aggressive or rude texts， posts， or messages spread. So does posting personal information， pictures， or videos designed to hurt or embarrass someone else.Sometimes， online bullying， like other kinds of bullying， can lead to serious long？鄄lasting problems. The stress of being in a constant state of upset or fear can lead to problems with mood， energy level， sleep， and appetite. It can also make someone feel jumpy， anxious， or sad. If someone is already depressed or anxious， cyberbullying can make things much worse.It？蒺s not just the person being bullied who gets hurt. The punishment for cyberbullies can be serious. More and more schools and after？鄄school programs are creating systems to respond to cyberbullying. Schools may dismiss bullies from sports teams or suspend them from school. Some types of cyberbullying may violate school codes. So a bully may face serious legal trouble.Sometimes， people are afraid or not sure if they？蒺re being bullied or not. In fact， you absolutely should report any upsetting texts， messages， posts， or emails.When getting bullied tell someone. The first thing to do is tell an adult you trust. This is often easier said than done. Some may hesitate. But bullying can get worse， so speak up until you find someone to help.Walk away. What you？蒺ve heard about walking away from a real？鄄life bully works in the virtual world too. Ignoring bullies is the best way to take away their power.Report bullying. Social media sites take it seriously when people post cruel or mean stuff or set up fake accounts. If someone sends you mean texts or emails， report it to phone service or email providers.Be safe online. Passwords protect your smartphone and your online sites， and you should change your passwords often. Be sure to share your passwords only with your parents or guardians.1. What does the first paragraph mainly tell about？A. How to avoid cyberbullying.B. How to recognize cyberbullying.C. What cyberbullying is.D. What cyberbullying includes.2. What happens to people who cyberbully others？A. They may get punished.B. They will be put into prison.C. They become anxious easily.D. They may have long？鄄lasting problems.3. How many methods of dealing with cyberbullying are mentioned？A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.4. Which section of a magazine is this text probably taken from？A. Technology.B. Health.C. Nature.D. Culture.Sentence for writingSo does posting personal information， pictures， or videos designed to hurt or embarrass someone else.【信息提取】本句是一個“so+助动词+主语”构成的倒装句型，意为“……也是如此”，表示肯定的倒装。

造成网络欺凌的原因及做法英语作文

造成网络欺凌的原因及做法英语作文英文回答：Cyberbullying refers to the act of using electronic communication platforms to bully, harass, or intimidate others. It has become a serious issue in today's digital age, affecting countless individuals, especially young people. There are several reasons why cyberbullying occurs and various ways to address this problem.One of the main reasons for cyberbullying is anonymity. People feel more courageous and empowered when they can hide behind a screen and remain unidentified. This anonymity allows them to say hurtful and offensive things without facing immediate consequences. For example, individuals may create fake social media accounts to target and harass someone without revealing their true identity. This lack of accountability makes it easier for bullies to engage in such behavior.Another reason for cyberbullying is the ease of spreading information online. With just a few clicks,hurtful messages, embarrassing photos, or privateinformation can be shared with a wide audience. This rapid dissemination of content makes it difficult for victims to escape the humiliation and can have long-lasting effects on their mental and emotional well-being. For instance, a malicious rumor or embarrassing photo can quickly go viral, causing immense distress to the victim.Moreover, the 24/7 nature of the internet contributesto cyberbullying. Unlike traditional bullying, whichtypically occurs in specific locations and during specific times, cyberbullying can happen anytime and anywhere. This constant accessibility makes it challenging for victims to find respite from the harassment. They may constantly receive hurtful messages or threats, leading to heightened anxiety and fear. For example, a victim may feel constantly on edge, fearing that they will receive another derogatory comment or malicious message at any moment.To address cyberbullying, various measures can be taken.Firstly, it is crucial to educate individuals, particularly young people, about the consequences and impact of cyberbullying. By raising awareness about the harmful effects of such behavior, individuals may think twice before engaging in cyberbullying. Schools and communities can organize workshops and awareness campaigns to promote empathy and respect online.Secondly, strict laws and regulations should be implemented to deter cyberbullying. Legal consequences, such as fines or even imprisonment, can serve as a deterrent and encourage individuals to think twice before engaging in cyberbullying. By holding perpetrators accountable for their actions, society can send a strong message that cyberbullying will not be tolerated.Additionally, it is essential to create a supportive and inclusive online environment. Social media platforms and online communities should implement measures to detect and remove cyberbullying content promptly. Users should be encouraged to report any instances of cyberbullying they come across, and prompt action should be taken to addressthe issue. By fostering a safe and respectful online community, individuals will be less likely to engage in cyberbullying.In conclusion, cyberbullying occurs due to factors such as anonymity, ease of spreading information, and the 24/7 nature of the internet. To combat this issue, it is important to educate individuals, enforce strict laws, and create a supportive online environment. By working together, we can create a safer and more inclusive digital space for everyone.中文回答：网络欺凌是指利用电子通信平台对他人进行欺负、骚扰或恐吓的行为。

分析网络欺凌的原因,并提出建议英语作文

分析网络欺凌的原因,并提出建议英语作文Cyberbullying: Why It Happens and What We Can DoBullying has been around for a long time, but with the internet and social media, it has taken on a new and very harmful form called cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is when someone uses technology like computers, tablets or phones to hurt, embarrass or threaten others. It can involve sending mean messages, sharing embarrassing photos or videos without permission, or spreading rumors online. Cyberbullying is really common these days and causes a lot of pain and suffering for kids.Why do some kids cyberbully others? There are a few different reasons that make cyberbullying so tempting and easy to do:Anonymity - Bullies often hide behind anonymous usernames or fake accounts online, which makes them feel braver about being cruel because they don't have to face their victims in person. They get to be mean without anyone knowing it's them.Distance - Cyberbullying lets bullies attack others from far away, even from their own homes. They don't have to beface-to-face with their targets, which makes it feel less real andharmful to them. But for their victims, the impacts are still very much felt.Impulsiveness - Sending a mean text or comment happens so fast with just the push of a button. Kids don't have to think twice before lashing out digitally. But once those hurtful words are out there, they can never be taken back fully.Peer Pressure - Sometimes kids cyberbully because their friends are doing it, and they want to fit in or be part of the crowd. Or they might think it's just harmless fun and not realize how much pain they are causing.Revenge - If someone was bullied themselves at school, online or through social media, they may try to get back at others by cyberbullying as payback. An endless cycle of hurt gets perpetuated.Low Empathy - Some kids who cyberbully just can't see things from another's perspective well. They lack the ability to understand or share the feelings of their targets, so they don't realize how damaging their behavior is.Parents Roles - Kids who witness or experience hostile parenting styles at home may think acting aggressive online isno big deal. Poor adult modeling sends the wrong message about kindness and respect.Cyberbullying is never ok and causes serious harm to victims. It leads to depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, academic struggles, and even suicidal thoughts for some kids. But there are things we can all do to prevent cyberbullying and make the internet a safer, kinder place:Be an Upstander - If you see somebody being cyberbullied, don't just watch it happen. Speak up against the bully, report their behavior to authorities, or tell a trusted adult who can help. Silence allows bullies to keep going.Think Before Posting - Take a beat before sending any messages, comments or content online. Would you want your parents or teachers to see it? If not, don't post it! Once it's out there, it's hard to undo.Don't Retaliate - As tempting as it may feel to get revenge by bullying back, that will only continue the cycle of cruelty. Kill them with kindness instead.Block & Report - If someone is harassing you online, use website and app features to block the bully from contacting you further. And be sure to report their inappropriate behavior.Practice Empathy - Before saying something online, try putting yourself in the other person's shoes. How would you feel if those words were directed at you? A little perspective can go a long way.Build Self-Worth - Bullies often target those they perceive as weak or insecure. Work on your confidence, surround yourself with positive friends, and value your strengths. A healthyself-image reduces your vulnerability.Unplug Sometimes - The digital world can feelall-consuming, but making time to unplug, get outside, and connect face-to-face with friends and loved ones is so important for your well-being.Call For Help - If you're being severely cyberbullied, don't suffer in silence. Reach out to parents, teachers, counselors or an anti-bullying hotline for guidance and support in addressing it properly.Cyberbullying is really hurtful and wrong, but by being kind, empathetic digital citizens and uplifting one another, we students can work together to stomp it out. We all deserve to feel safe, respected and accepted online and off. What happens in our tech spaces should make the world a little bit better, notworse. With some awareness and positive actions from everybody, we can make that goal a reality!。

英语作文网络欺凌问题原因及解决方法

英语作文网络欺凌问题原因及解决方法全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Dark Side of the Web: Cyberbullying and How to Stop ItWe live in an era of unprecedented connectivity thanks to the internet and social media. With a few taps on our phones or clicks of a mouse, we can instantly communicate with friends, family, and people on the other side of the world. However, this same technology that brings us together also enables a disturbing phenomenon - cyberbullying.As students growing up in the digital age, we've all likely experienced cyberbullying in some form, whether as a victim, perpetrator, or bystander. Cyberbullying involves using electronic means like social media, texting, apps, and online forums to send hurtful messages, embarrassing photos/videos, threats, or spread rumors about someone. Sometimes it's an extension of in-person bullying at school, but often it happens anonymously behind the safety of a screen.The effects of cyberbullying can be devastating, leading to low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, academic difficulties, andeven suicidal thoughts for victims. As a society, we need to take this issue seriously and find ways to prevent it. But first, we must understand what drives people to engage in such toxic behavior online.Causes of CyberbullyingAnonymity and Lack of AccountabilityOne major factor is the relative anonymity of the internet compared to face-to-face interactions. Cyberbullies can hide behind fake profiles, screen names, or post things anonymously, giving them a sense of being untraceable and unaccountable for their actions. They don't have to witness the pain they inflict on their victims.Disinhibition EffectThere is a psychological phenomenon called the "online disinhibition effect" that causes some people to shed social inhibitions and act more boldly online than they would in person. The dissociative anonymity and lack of face-to-face cues enable cyberbullies to disregard social norms and be crueler than they might normally.Displaced AggressionFor some perpetrators, cyberbullying may arise from displaced negative feelings like anger, sadness, or frustration in their own lives that gets taken out on an online target. Bullying others can become an outlet to vent these emotions.Peer InfluencePeer pressure and social dynamics also play a role, especially for teenagers eager to fit in and gain status or popularity. Cyberbullying others may be seen as a way to bond with a clique, look tough, or get a thrill from the power imbalance over victims.Lack of EmpathyAt its core, cyberbullying stems from a lack of empathy and inability or unwillingness to consider the immense hurt being inflicted on real human beings. Perhaps bullies never stopped to imagine how it would feel to be in their victim's shoes.Solutions and a Call to ActionWhile cyberbullying presents a complex challenge, it's not an unsolvable one. Here are some key steps that could help mitigate this toxic online culture:Education and AwarenessFirst, we need more education starting from a young age about digital citizenship, cyberbullying's consequences, and how to be responsible, respectful internet users. Schools can integrate lessons on these topics while emphasizing empathy and compassion.Clear Policies and Reporting SystemsSchools, apps, websites, and online platforms should have clear, strictly enforced anti-bullying policies and easily accessible reporting systems for cyberbullying incidents. Reports need to be taken seriously and dealt with swiftly.Accountability and ConsequencesThere must be real consequences like suspensions, account bans, or legal repercussions to hold cyberbullies accountable instead of enabling their behavior. Details could be kept private to avoid further harassment of victims.Technology SolutionsTech companies should explore more robust solutions using AI and human moderation to detect and filter out cyberbullying, offensive content, and hate speech before it's even posted online.Support for VictimsIt's also crucial that resources, counseling, and support systems are available for cyberbullying victims to help address effects like depression and lower the risk of self-harm.Leading By ExampleLastly, we could all lead by example and make a conscious effort to spread more kindness, positivity, and empathy in our online spaces and social circles. Speak up against cyberbullying rather than being silent bystanders. Use our voices for good.In conclusion, cyberbullying is an inescapable reality of the digital era that requires a multifaceted approach from technology, policymakers, schools, parents, and us as students. We can't simply unplug from the internet - it's too integral to modern life. But we can be part of the solution by calling out cyberbullying when we see it, being proactive about internet safety, and cultivating a culture of greater human decency, both on and offline.篇2The Perils of Cyberbullying: Understanding the Causes and Exploring Effective SolutionsAs students in the digital age, we are inevitably exposed to the vast realm of the internet and social media platforms. Whilethese technologies have revolutionized the way we communicate and access information, they have also given rise to a disturbing phenomenon – cyberbullying. This insidious form of harassment has become a prevalent issue, inflicting emotional distress and psychological harm upon countless individuals, particularly among our youth. As a concerned student, I believe it is imperative to delve into the underlying causes of cyberbullying and explore effective strategies to combat this pressing problem.At the core of cyberbullying lies the anonymity afforded by the internet. The perceived veil of anonymity emboldens individuals to engage in malicious behavior they would likely refrain from in face-to-face interactions. This detachment from real-world consequences cultivates a sense of invulnerability, enabling perpetrators to unleash their cruelty without fear of immediate repercussions. Moreover, the ease and instantaneous nature of online communication facilitate the rapid dissemination of harmful content, amplifying the impact on victims.Furthermore, the prevalence of social media platforms has created a breeding ground for cyberbullying. The constant pressure to curate a perfect online persona and garner validation through likes and shares has given rise to an unhealthyobsession with social status and popularity. Those who fail to conform to societal norms or exhibit perceived flaws become prime targets for ridicule and harassment. The ability to rapidly share and spread disparaging content exacerbates the humiliation and trauma experienced by victims.Another significant contributor to cyberbullying is the lack of empathy and emotional intelligence among perpetrators. The virtual nature of online interactions can diminish the ability to recognize and understand the emotional impact of one's actions on others. This emotional detachment, coupled with a lack of emotional maturity, can lead individuals to engage in hurtful behavior without considering the profound consequences for their victims.Moreover, the pervasive culture of toxic online communities and echo chambers can rein篇3The Dark Reality of Cyberbullying: Unveiling the Causes and Seeking SolutionsAs a student navigating the intricate labyrinths of the digital age, I find myself grappling with a disquieting phenomenon that has cast a shadow over countless lives – cyberbullying. Thispernicious form of harassment, amplified by the anonymity and perceived impunity of online platforms, has become a scourge that inflicts profound psychological wounds upon its victims. It is a malady that demands our unwavering attention and collective resolve to combat.To confront this challenge effectively, we must first unravel the complex tapestry of factors that fuel its propagation. At the core lies the distressing reality of human nature itself – the propensity for cruelty, the desire for dominance, and the insidious allure of exerting power over others. The online realm, with its perceived veil of anonymity, emboldens individuals who might otherwise refrain from such behavior in the physical world.Furthermore, the ubiquity of social media and its incessant demands for validation and attention have created a breeding ground for cyberbullying. In a world where self-worth is often measured by the number of likes and followers, the temptation to tear others down in a misguided attempt to elevate oneself becomes an ever-present danger. The constant pressure to curate a flawless online persona has fostered an environment where any perceived imperfection or deviation from societal norms becomes fair game for ridicule and harassment.Moreover, the pervasive lack of empathy and emotional intelligence among youth cannot be overlooked. Many young individuals, still grappling with the complexities of human relationships and emotional maturity, fail to comprehend the profound impact their words and actions can have on others, especially in the digital realm. This disconnect, coupled with the perception of anonymity, creates a dangerous cocktail that enables cyberbullying to thrive.While the causes are multifaceted, the consequences are undeniably grave. Victims of cyberbullying often experience crippling anxiety, depression, and in some tragic cases, even suicidal ideation. Their self-esteem is eroded, their academic performance suffers, and their overall well-being is compromised. The psychological scars inflicted by relentless online harassment can have lasting effects, hampering their ability to form healthy relationships and navigate the challenges of adulthood.Confronting this scourge demands a multi-pronged approach, one that involves collective action from various stakeholders – students, educators, parents, and society at large. Education and awareness are paramount. We must foster a culture of empathy, compassion, and responsible digitalcitizenship from an early age. Schools should implement comprehensive programs that address the perils of cyberbullying, equip students with the tools to identify and report such incidents, and cultivate a zero-tolerance policy towards online harassment.Parents, too, play a pivotal role in this battle. They must remain vigilant, engaged, and informed about their children's online activities. Establishing open lines of communication, setting clear boundaries, and modeling positive digital behavior are crucial steps in creating a safe and supportive environment for their children.Furthermore, social media platforms and technology companies must shoulder their share of responsibility. Implementing robust content moderation systems, stringent privacy controls, and user-friendly reporting mechanisms are essential in curbing the spread of cyberbullying. These entities wield immense influence and must leverage their resources to foster a safer and more inclusive online landscape.Ultimately, however, the onus lies upon us, the students, to be the agents of change. We must embrace a culture of kindness, respect, and accountability, both online and offline. It is incumbent upon us to stand up against injustice, to support anduplift one another, and to create a digital environment where every individual can thrive without fear of harassment or intimidation.As I reflect upon the gravity of this issue, I am reminded of the words of the late Maya Angelou: "In diversity, there is beauty and strength." Our differences should be celebrated, not ridiculed. Our unique perspectives should enrich our collective experience, not serve as fodder for cyberbullies. It is time for us to rise above the petty cruelties that have plagued our online spaces and embrace the power of unity, empathy, and mutual understanding.In this battle against cyberbullying, we must be unwavering in our resolve and steadfast in our commitment to creating a safer and more inclusive digital world. It is a fight that transcends individual experiences, for it is a fight for the very essence of human dignity. Let us stand together, united in our determination to confront this scourge head-on, and pave the way for a future where every individual can navigate the digital realm with confidence, free from the specter of harassment and intimidation.The path ahead may be arduous, but our collective strength and unwavering spirit will guide us towards a brighter tomorrow,where kindness and compassion reign supreme, and the digital realm becomes a sanctuary of empowerment, not a breeding ground for cruelty.。

有关中国网络欺凌的英语作文

有关中国网络欺凌的英语作文Cyberbullying in China is a serious issue that hasgained increased attention in recent years. With the rapid development of technology and the widespread use of social media platforms, cyberbullying has become a prevalent problem that affects individuals of all ages. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of cyberbullying in China and discuss potential solutions to address this issue.One of the main forms of cyberbullying in China is through social media platforms such as WeChat, Weibo, and QQ. Cyberbullies use these platforms to spread rumors, make derogatory comments, and harass individuals, often leadingto psychological and emotional distress. Additionally, cyberbullying can take the form of online harassment, where individuals are targeted and subjected to relentlessattacks and threats. The anonymity provided by the internet has made it easier for cyberbullies to target their victims without fear of consequences.The impact of cyberbullying in China is significant,with many individuals experiencing negative effects ontheir mental health and well-being. Victims ofcyberbullying often suffer from anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, which can have long-lasting effects on their lives. Furthermore, cyberbullying can also impact academic and professional performance, as victims may struggle to concentrate and perform well in their studies or work due to the emotional distress caused by the harassment.In response to the growing concern over cyberbullying in China, the government has implemented various measures to address this issue. For example, the Cyber Security Law, which was enacted in 2017, includes provisions aimed at combating cyberbullying and protecting the rights of individuals online. Additionally, the Ministry of Public Security has launched campaigns to raise awareness about cyberbullying and encourage individuals to report instances of online harassment.Despite these efforts, cyberbullying continues to be a pervasive problem in China, and more needs to be done to effectively combat this issue. One potential solution is to increase education and awareness about cyberbullying, both in schools and in the community. By teaching individualsabout the impact of cyberbullying and how to prevent it, we can empower them to recognize and report instances of online harassment.Another important step is to strengthen the enforcement of laws and regulations related to cyberbullying. This includes holding cyberbullies accountable for their actions and imposing appropriate penalties to deter future instances of online harassment. Additionally, social media platforms and internet service providers can play a role in preventing cyberbullying by implementing stricter policies and procedures for addressing reports of online harassment.In conclusion, cyberbullying is a significant issue in China that has a detrimental impact on individuals' well-being and mental health. While efforts have been made to address this problem, more needs to be done to effectively combat cyberbullying and protect individuals from online harassment. By increasing education and awareness, strengthening the enforcement of laws, and working with social media platforms and internet service providers, we can create a safer online environment for everyone.中国网络欺凌是一个严重的问题，近年来受到越来越多的关注。

造成网络欺凌的原因及做法英语作文

造成网络欺凌的原因及做法英语作文Causes of cyberbullying and ways to address itIntroductionCyberbullying has become a prevalent issue in recent years, with the rise of social media and online communication platforms. It refers to the use of technology to harass, intimidate, or harm others. There are several factors that contribute to the rise of cyberbullying, and it is important to understand these causes in order to effectively address and prevent this harmful behavior.Causes of cyberbullying1. Anonymity: One of the main reasons why cyberbullying has become so common is the anonymity that the internet provides. People feel emboldened to say hurtful things online because they can do so without revealing their true identity. This anonymity can make individuals more likely to engage in bullying behavior.2. Lack of consequences: In many cases, individuals who engage in cyberbullying do not face any real consequences for their actions. This lack of accountability can lead to a cycle ofbullying behavior, as the perpetrators feel empowered to continue their harmful actions.3. Power dynamics: Cyberbullying often occurs in the context of power imbalances, such as between a popular student and a less popular one, or between a supervisor and a subordinate. Individuals who hold more power may use cyberbullying as a way to assert their dominance and control over others.4. Peer pressure: In some cases, individuals may engage in cyberbullying in order to fit in with a particular social group or to avoid becoming a target themselves. Peer pressure can play a significant role in encouraging bullying behavior.Ways to address cyberbullying1. Educate the public: One of the most important steps in addressing cyberbullying is raising awareness about the issue and educating the public about its harmful effects. This can help to reduce the stigma associated with being a victim of cyberbullying and encourage individuals to speak out against this behavior.2. Implement anti-bullying policies: Schools, workplaces, and online platforms should have clear policies in place to address cyberbullying and provide resources for victims. These policiesshould include guidelines for reporting incidents of cyberbullying, as well as consequences for those who engage in such behavior.3. Encourage positive online behavior: It is important to promote positive online behavior and encourage individuals to use the internet as a tool for building relationships and fostering empathy. By creating a culture of kindness and respect online, we can help to prevent cyberbullying from occurring.4. Support victims: It is crucial to provide support for individuals who have been affected by cyberbullying. This can involve offering counseling services, creating safe spaces for victims to share their experiences, and connecting them with resources to help them cope with the emotional impact of bullying.ConclusionCyberbullying is a serious issue that can have lasting effects on individuals' mental health and well-being. By understanding the causes of cyberbullying and implementing strategies to address it, we can work towards creating a safer and more respectful online environment for all. It is important for everyone to play a role in preventing cyberbullying and standing up against this harmful behavior.。

分析网络欺凌原因的英语作文

分析网络欺凌原因的英语作文English Answer:Cyberbullying: An Analysis of Causes.Cyberbullying, a form of online harassment, has emerged as a prevalent issue in today's digital age. Unlike traditional bullying, which occurs in physical settings, cyberbullying involves the use of electronic devices and platforms such as social media, email, and instant messaging to inflict harm on others. Various factors contribute to the prevalence of cyberbullying, ranging from individual motives to societal influences.Individual Factors.Anonymity: The internet provides a sense of anonymity, which can embolden individuals to engage in behaviors they would not otherwise engage in offline.Impulsivity: Online interactions often occur in real-time, which can lead to impulsive and ill-considered behavior, including the sending of harmful messages.Power imbalance: Cyberbullies may perceive themselves as having a power imbalance over their victims, which can motivate them to engage in aggressive behavior.Social Factors.Peer group influence: Peer pressure can play a role in cyberbullying, with individuals conforming to the norms of their social groups.Cyberbullying culture: Some online communities may normalize or even glorify cyberbullying, creating an environment that tolerates and encourages such behavior.Social media platforms: Social media platforms can facilitate cyberbullying by providing channels for the easy and anonymous distribution of harmful content.Societal Influences.Media representation: Media portrayals of cyberbullying can influence perceptions of its prevalence and acceptability.Low social accountability: The anonymity and reach of the internet can reduce the social accountability of cyberbullies, making them less likely to be held accountable for their actions.Legal frameworks: Insufficient legal frameworks and inconsistent enforcement of existing laws can create a permissive environment for cyberbullying.Psychological Factors.Boredom: Idle time and lack of constructive activities can drive individuals towards engaging in harmful online behavior, such as cyberbullying.Loneliness: Feelings of isolation and loneliness cancontribute to the desire for attention and dominance, which may manifest in cyberbullying.Mental health issues: Individuals with mental health disorders, such as anxiety or depression, may be more vulnerable to engaging in cyberbullying as a means of coping or seeking validation.Addressing Cyberbullying.Addressing cyberbullying requires a multifaceted approach involving individuals, communities, and policymakers. Education and awareness campaigns are crucial to raising awareness about the harmful effects of cyberbullying and fostering a culture of respect and empathy online. Strengthening legal frameworks and increasing social accountability can provide deterrents against cyberbullying. Additionally, promoting positive online behavior and providing support for victims are essential components of combating this pervasive issue.中文回答：网络欺凌，成因分析。

网络欺凌英语作文

网络欺凌英语作文1. Cyberbullying is a serious issue that affects many people, especially teenagers. It can happen on social media, through text messages, or even in online games.2. The impact of cyberbullying can be devastating, leading to feelings of anxiety, depression, and even thoughts of suicide. It's important for both parents and schools to address this issue and provide support to those who are being targeted.3. It's not just the victims who suffer from cyberbullying, but also the bullies themselves. They maynot realize the harm they are causing and need help to understand the consequences of their actions.4. One way to combat cyberbullying is to promote kindness and empathy online. Encouraging positive interactions and standing up against bullying behavior can make a big difference in creating a safer onlineenvironment.5. If you or someone you know is being cyberbullied,it's important to reach out for help. Talk to a trusted adult, friend, or counselor about what's happening and take steps to protect yourself from further harm.6. Remember, you are not alone in dealing with cyberbullying. There are resources available to support you and help you navigate through this challenging situation. Stay strong and know that you deserve to be treated with respect and kindness.。

网络欺凌现象及原因英语作文

网络欺凌现象及原因英语作文英文回答：Cyberbullying, a rising concern in the digital age, is the intentional and repeated use of electronic devices to bully an individual. It can take various forms, including sending harassing or threatening messages, posting defamatory content online, or excluding someone from online groups.The causes of cyberbullying are multifaceted. One significant factor is the anonymity that the internet provides, making it easier for individuals to engage in harmful behavior without fear of consequences. Additionally, the constant presence and accessibility of technology can exacerbate the issue, as individuals may feel compelled to respond to online provocations in real-time.Other contributing factors include:Lack of empathy: Bullies may not fully understand the impact of their actions on the victim.Power imbalance: Cyberbullying often occurs when the bully perceives themselves to have more power or status than the victim.Peer pressure: Bullies may be influenced by peers who engage in similar behavior.Revenge: Cyberbullying can sometimes be motivated by a desire for retaliation or retribution.The consequences of cyberbullying can be devastatingfor victims, leading to psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts. It can also damage reputations, interfere with education or work, and foster a climate of fear and distrust online.Addressing cyberbullying requires a multi-faceted approach involving:Education and awareness: Raising awareness about the harmful effects of cyberbullying is crucial. Schools, parents, and community organizations can play a significant role in educating individuals about responsible online behavior.Legal consequences: Laws against cyberbullying vary from country to country. Enforcing these laws and holding bullies accountable can deter future incidents.Support for victims: Providing support and resources to victims of cyberbullying is essential. This may include counseling, legal assistance, and online reporting tools.Technology interventions: Social media platforms and tech companies can implement measures to prevent and address cyberbullying, such as content filters, reporting tools, and user education.中文回答：网络欺凌现象。

看不见的拳头”——青少年网络欺凌(课件)中学生安全教育主题班会

• 总结国内外对于网络欺凌的定义，可以发现，构成网络欺凌需要五个要素:第一，通过电子手段；第二，具有主观恶意；第三，有反复的欺凌行为，第四，欺凌者与受害者往往并不对等；第五，存在实际伤害。因此，可以把网络欺凌定义为使用互联网进行的针对个人或群体的恶意、重复和敌对的行为，以伤害他人。
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网络欺凌的概念
• 网络欺凌(CyberBullying)是由加拿大教育咨询家比尔贝斯提出的，她概括并解释了这个词，即这种欺凌方式是人们在网络上传播令人讨厌，或滥用一些词汇从而对一部分人或一个人造成威胁与折磨。
• 网络欺凌是指采用网络电子或数字媒介故意伤害、社交孤立及其他给别人造成痛苦的行为，例如散布谣言、诽谤或取笑他人，排斥和咒骂等。网络欺凌是传统欺凌在网络上的延伸，它与校园欺凌有相似之处，也与校园欺凌有很多差异。
• 第一，互联网并非法外之地，网络社会不能脱离政府管理，政府要大力支持，加强政策引导。第二，提供给家长策略支持，父母对网络使用的积极干预，能降低儿童青少年可能遭遇的某些网络风险。
感谢聆听
随着网络技术的发展，青少年的学习和日常生活等越来越离不开互联网，对电子设备的过度依赖会增加网络欺凌的风险。侯美慧子等对831名初中生的调查显示，网络成瘾可显著预测网络欺凌行为，初中生网络成瘾和网络欺凌的发生率都很高，具有网络成瘾的初中生群体占9%，56.9%的初中生至少实施过一种网络欺凌行为。
• 如今网络欺凌已经不仅仅是某一个国家或地区的问题，它已经是全世界所需要共同面对的问题。美国等西方国家最早开展了针对青少年网络欺凌的研究，后来又有英国、澳大利亚、日本等国的研究者也对本国青少年的网络欺凌状况进行了大规模的问卷调查和临床研究，并取得了一定成果，积累了丰富的经验。

网络欺凌英文作文

网络欺凌英文作文Cyberbullying is a serious issue that affects many people, especially young individuals. It can take many forms, such as spreading rumors, sharing embarrassing photos, or sending threatening messages. The impact of cyberbullying can be devastating, leading to emotional distress, social isolation, and even physical harm.Victims of cyberbullying often experience feelings of fear, shame, and helplessness. They may be afraid to speak out or seek help, fearing that the situation will only get worse. This can lead to a sense of isolation and loneliness, as the victim feels like they have no one to turn to for support.Cyberbullying can have long-term effects on a person's mental health. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, making it difficult for the victim to trust others or form meaningful relationships. In some cases, cyberbullying has even led to self-harm or suicide.It's important for parents, teachers, and other adults to be aware of the signs of cyberbullying and to take action to support the victim. This may involve reporting the behavior to the appropriate authorities, providing emotional support, and helping the victim develop strategies for coping with the situation.Preventing cyberbullying requires a collective effort from everyone in the community. This includes educating young people about the impact of their online behavior, promoting empathy and kindness, and creating a culture of respect and understanding. By working together, we can create a safer and more supportive online environment for all.。

高考英语作文素材积累之表情包文化对青少年的影响知识清单-2025届高三英语一轮复习

高考英语作文素材积累之表情包文化对青少年的影响一、重难点词汇翻译Emoji Culture：表情包文化Digital Native：数字原住民（指成长于数字时代的青少年）Nonverbal Communication：非言语交流Instant Messaging：即时通讯Emotional Resonance：情感共鸣Cultural Identity：文化认同Cyberbullying：网络欺凌Language Evolution：语言演变Over-reliance：过度依赖Balanced Communication：平衡交流二、句子实例Emoji Culture has revolutionized the way teenagers communicate, offering a colorful palette of emotions and ideas.表情包文化彻底改变了青少年的交流方式，为他们提供了丰富多彩的情感和想法表达工具。

Digital Natives often find themselves more comfortable expressing themselves through memes and stickers than traditional words.数字原住民们往往发现，通过表情包和贴纸来表达自己比传统的文字更加自在。

In the realm of Instant Messaging, emojis and GIFs serve as shortcuts to convey complex emotions and humor, facilitating nonverbal communication.在即时通讯领域，表情符号和GIF动图成为了传达复杂情感和幽默的快捷方式，促进了非言语交流。

The popularity of certain memes reflects the emotional resonance and shared experiences among teenagers, strengthening their sense of community.某些表情包的流行反映了青少年之间的情感共鸣和共同经历，增强了他们的社区感。

Cyberbullying--网络欺凌

Cyberbullying--网络欺凌

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看不见的拳头”——青少年网络欺凌(课件)中学生安全教育主题班会

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