专业英语作业答案

Part I∙Water Supply and Drainage Engineering offers a particular challenge because almost every process of wastewater treatment that is designed and built by engineers is unique.∙给排水工程提出了特殊的挑战，因为由工程师设计建造的每个废水处理工艺几乎都是唯一的。

∙Be strict to the examination and approval of the new projects in Huaihe River basin, and carry out the environment influence assessment system. The projects which are not in accord with the Tenth-Five year plan should not be approved.∙严格淮河流域新建项目的审批，实行环境影响评价制度，不符合十五淮河流域水污染防治工作计划的一律不得审批。

∙Once a project has been identified, the next step is a preliminary or feasibility study to consider in detail the implementation of alternatives, together withapproximate costs. For example, water system study alternatives for a region might include：(1) possible service areas and combinations; (2) a well-water supply with water softening and iron removal; (3) an upland lake or reservoir with multipurpose uses requiring land question, water rights, and a conventional water treatment plant.∙确定项目后首先需开展的工作是进行前期和可行性研究，其内容包括考虑实施备选方案的各个环节和估算大致的费用。

例如，对某一地区水系统的去研究包括：（1）可能的服务范围及单位；（2）配有水质软化和除铁系统的水井供水系统；（3）需通过征地获取的一个高位湖泊或水库，水的使用权及一个常规水处理厂。

∙The geographic location of some heavily populated cities, such as Los Angeles and Mexico City, makes them particularly susceptible to frequent air stagnation and pollution.∙像人口非常稠密的洛杉矶和墨西哥城这样地理位置的城市，特别易受空气流动停滞和污染物增加的影响。

∙Theoretically, devolatilized tar, being hydrophobic, remains on the local surface in the pressured aqueous environment, producing a uniform coating that seals the micro porous limits moisture reapportion。

∙理论上，经脱挥发酚作用得到的焦油是疏水的，在高压的液相中仍然留在煤的表面，形成一层均匀的油膜，从而封住了煤中的微孔，所以减少了煤对水分的重新吸收。

∙The end-products, i.e., alcohols and acids, from those reactions will enter the microorganism and be metabolized by oxidation reaction catalyzed by endo-enzymes. ∙通过这些反应，最终产品即乙醇和酸进入微生物体内并经胞内酶催化剂氧化而代谢。

∙Only through interaction between industry, scientists, and government regulators will true solutions be finally realized.∙只有通过工业界、科学家和政府部门的共同努力，才能最终得到解决。

∙The equipment employed in the commercial test is shown schematically in Fig.5.∙本次工业试验中所用设备的简图如图5所示。

∙The experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the best sludge recycle ratio.∙对确定最佳污泥回流比而言，这次实验是绝对必要的∙Scientific researchers have made a careful study of characteristics of these activated sludge.∙科研人员仔细地研究了这些活性污泥的特性。

∙The test results are in good agreement with those obtained by theoretical deduction.∙实验结果与理论推导完全一致。

∙Dust and other particles matter in the air provide nuclei around which condensation takes place, forming droplet and thereby playing a role in snowfall and rainfall patterns.∙在空气中以尘粒和其他颗粒物为核心发生了水滴的凝聚，进而对降雪和降雨的发生起到了一定的作用。

∙Also there has been a concreted effort to modernize and increase space, facilities, equipment, and supporting materials used in science teaching.∙而且，大家协同努力，从而扩大了场地、发展了机构、增添了设备和科学教育用的辅助材料，并使之现代化。

∙They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.∙他们对试验中（获得）的数据非常满意。

∙If there are no heat-treatment, meals can not be made so hard.∙（如果）没有热处理，金属就不会变得如此坚硬。

∙Different kinds of matter have different properties.∙不同（种类）物质具有不同的特性。

∙Whatever the approach, it must be remembered that energy is required to lift water or to pump it through a filter.∙无论采用哪种方法，必须记住，提升水或用泵将水输送通过滤床都需要能量。

∙It is believed that the automobile is blamed for such problems as urban area expansion and wasteful land use, congestion and slum conditions in the central areas, and air and noise pollution.∙有人认为汽车造成一系列问题，如城市膨胀、土地浪费、市区拥挤、油污遍地以及空气和噪声污染等。

∙The main premise underlying pollution prevention is that it makes far more sense for a generator not to produce waste than to develop extensive treatmentschemes to ensure that the waste poses no threat to the quality of the environment.∙污染治理的根本前提是，是污染的生产者不再产生污染物要比制定详尽的、防止废弃物降低环境质量的质量计划有意义得多。

∙To meet these new requirements, many of the existing secondary treatment facilities will have to be retrofitted and new advanced wastewater-treatment facilities will have to be constructed.∙为了满足这些新的需要，必须要更新现有的许多二级处理设施，同时必须建造一些新的高级废水处理设施。

水解酸化—SBR工艺处理果汁废水的研究摘要：采用水解酸化-SBR工艺，对浓缩果汁生产废水处理进行了试验研究。

结果表明：当进水COD浓度为3500~5000 mg/L，pH为6.5~7.5，在水解酸化池水力停留时间为8 h，SBR反应池MLSS浓度为3500~4 000 mg/L，进水15min，曝气7h，沉淀1 h，出水15min的条件下，出水COD去除率保持在97%以上，SS去除率达93%以上。

且以水解酸化作为预处理单元可去除果汁废水中的SS达78%以上，为后续SBR工艺的稳定运行创造有利条件，提高组合工艺的整体效果。

关键词：果汁废水水解酸化SBR COD SSStudy on treatment of syrup wastewater with hydrolysisacidification-SBR technologyAbstract：An experimental study on syrup wastewater treatment with hydrolysis acidification-SBR technology was carried out. The results showed that when the COD of influent was 3 500～5 000mg/L and the pH of influent was 6.5～7.5, COD and SS removal rates of the wastewater were over 97% and 93% through the combined technology, the optimal HRT of hydrolysis acidification was 8h, the optimal MLSS concentration of SBR was about3 500～4 000 mg/L, the times for inflow, aeration, settlement and outflow were 15 min, 7 h, 1 h and15 min, respectively. The experimental so demonstrated that the SS was removed mostly through the hydrolysis acidification process (more than 78% ), which can create a suitable condition for the subsequent SBR process and enhance the efficiency of the combined technology.Key words：syrup wastewater; hydrolysis acidification; SBR; COD; SSUnit 11.Put the following into Chinese∙life expectancy 预期寿命，平均寿命，耐用期限∙poverty-stricken 贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的∙smog-laden air 阴霾天气，烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气∙global conditions 全球状况∙haves and have-nots 富人和穷人∙savanna 热带大草原、稀树平原∙predator 食肉动物，捕食者∙environmental disruptions 环境破坏2.Put the following into English∙农药pesticide∙化肥chemical fertilizer∙有机废物organic wastes∙微生物microorganism/microbe∙衰减attenuation∙阻滞的retardant/blocking∙稀释dilution∙添加剂additive∙合成塑料synthetic plastic∙再生regenerationUnit 21. Put the following into Chinese∙soil erosion 土壤侵蚀∙photochemical smog 光化学烟雾∙thermal inversions 逆温∙exacerbate the pollution 加重污染∙households 家庭∙pulp and paper 造纸业，纸浆与纸张∙tanned products 鞣制品∙deforestation 毁林∙disablement 残废2.Put the following into English∙重金属heavy metal∙有机溶剂organic solvent∙国际贸易international trade∙增长率growth rate∙一氧化碳carbon monoxide∙氧化氮nitrogen oxide∙石棉asbestos∙水银mercury∙钙calcium∙悬浮颗粒suspended particle3.Give the synonyms for the following words∙toxic poisonous∙treatment disposal∙pollutant contaminant∙carcinogenic cancerigenic∙impact affect∙waste liquid sewage∙despite although∙agricultural geoponicUnit 32. Put the following into Chinese∙waste reduction/waste minimization 废物减量化/废物最小化∙in-process 进行中∙housekeeping 维持管理∙equipment modification landfills 改性填埋场∙biodegradable solvents 有机溶剂∙volatile chemicals 挥发性化学物质∙management commitment 管理委员会、管理层承诺Unit 41. Put the following into Chinese∙precision and accuracy 准确度和精确度∙bulk collection 大量收集∙matrix material 基质材料∙analytical sequence 分析序列∙multivariate statistics 多元统计∙interactive effect 互动效应∙insofar 在….范围内∙overall analytical scheme 总体分析方案2.Put the following into English∙灵敏度sensitivity∙采样sample collection sampling∙真实时间real time∙样品预处理sample pretreatment∙稳定性stability∙曲线拟合curve fitting∙吸附adsorb adsorption∙累积accumulate∙分析评价analytical evaluation∙物理分离physical separation∙因次图dimensional graph∙标准方差standard deviationUnit 51. Put the following into Chinese∙primary pollutant 一次污染物∙secondary pollutant 二次污染物∙air stagnation 空气流动停滞∙nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮（N2O）∙nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮（NO2）∙soot 烟灰、煤烟∙dust 灰尘、尘土、尘埃∙smog 烟雾∙ozone 臭氧∙herbicide 除草剂∙pesticide 杀虫剂2. Put the following into English∙正常浓度normal concentration∙严重污染的serous polluted∙决定因素determining factor∙光化学氧化物photochemical oxide∙液体微滴liquid droplet∙放射性物质radioactive substance∙不完全氧化incomplete combustion∙含硫的sulfur containing∙风化wind erosion∙汽车尾气automobile exhaustUnit 62. Put the following into English∙温室效应greenhouse effect∙有CO2引起的caused by CO2∙世界碳预算world carbon budget∙天气的自然波动natural fluctuations in climate∙全球变暖global warming∙厌氧的anaerobic∙甲烷methane∙臭氧层ozone layer∙气候模型climatic model∙腐烂decayUnit 73. Put the following into English∙出口outlet∙多管高效旋风分离器multitude high-efficiency cyclone ∙合成纤维synthetic fabric∙捕集效率collection efficiency∙机械洗涤mechanical scrubbing∙压力降pressure drop∙焚化炉incinerator∙气体离子gas ion∙捕集板collection surface∙炭黑carbon blackUnit 82. Put the following into Chinese∙VOC 挥发性有机物∙APC 空气污染控制∙regulatory program 监管程序∙financial support 财政支持∙operating cost 运行费用，操作成本∙biodegradable capacity 生物降解能力∙environmental media 环境介质∙biological 生物的∙technologies 技术∙inorganic air pollutants 无机空气污染物P14翻译在第三世界的城市，如在北美洲，可以看到一个熟悉的化学污染物名单：重金属（包括铅、汞、镉、铬及其它们的化合物），氮和硫的氧化物，一氧化碳，石油烃，悬浮微粒、多氯联苯、硝酸盐、氰化物和砷，以及各种有机溶剂和石棉。