Passage 2解析

合集下载

托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

The Pace of Evolutionary Change A heated debate has enlivened recent studiesof evolution.Darwin's original thesis,and theviewpoint supported by evolutionary gradualists,isthat species change continuously but slowly and insmall increments.Such changes are all but invisible over the short time scale of modernobservations,and,it is argued,they are usually obscured by innumerable gaps in theimperfect fossil record.Gradualism,with its stress on the slow pace of change,is a comfortingposition,repeated over and over again in generations of textbooks.By the early twentiethcentury,the question about the rate of evolution had been answered in favor of gradualism tomost biologists'satisfaction. 最近的一个关于进化的研究引发了激烈的争论。

达尔文的原始论点和进化渐进主义者支持的观点是物种会持续地改变，但非常缓慢，增量也很小。

剑5test1passage2阅读解析

剑5test1passage2阅读解析剑5test1passage2阅读解析工作任重而道远，复杂且多变。

剑5test1passage2阅读解析为了积极主动地完成组织机构关于此方面的工作内容，就需要不断加强剑5test1passage2阅读解析自身的制度建设，积极推动组织快速发展。

论文通过对剑5test1passage2阅读解析问题和对策的阐述，旨在帮助组织机构剑5test1passage2阅读解析工作实现长效发展，行之有效地搭建完善的剑5test1passage2阅读解析组织运营模式，提高剑5test1passage2阅读解析的质量和效能，营造更富人文性的组织氛围，使剑5test1passage2阅读解析人员积极地发挥自身的主观能动性。

1剑5test1passage2阅读解析的概述组织的剑5test1passage2阅读解析部门是一个机构整体发展轨迹的记录和缩影，更是一个单位运营的缩影，起到承上启下的作用，集机要保密、后勤保证、督促指导、后续落实、文职撰写等工作职能于一身。

可见，只有做好办公室的剑5test1passage2阅读解析工作，才能为其他工作提供更加便捷的服务，从而提高组织运营机制的效率。

在新形势下，随着社会公共服务要求的不断提升，办公室剑5test1passage2阅读解析工作有了新的变化。

面对纷繁复杂的现状，自身的工作内容多样化，范围也在发生翻天覆地的改变。

剑5test1passage2阅读解析组织中具有综合性、协调性的工作都由剑5test1passage2阅读解析部门来完成。

所以，时代的发展对办公室工作人员的工作内容已经提出了更高的要求，更需要为单位的发展树立一种主动、超前、优质的服务理念，让组织机构能够顺畅运营。

2剑5test1passage2阅读解析工作存在的问题2.1剑5test1passage2阅读解析服务的效果不尽如人意剑5test1passage2阅读解析办公室面临的服务对象众多，承担的服务品类繁多，服务工作常常伴随着艰巨性、复杂性、客观性、兼容性等特点，造成剑5test1passage2阅读解析办公室中剑5test1passage2阅读解析服务很难达到人人都满意的状态，服务评价参差不齐，工作实施起来难度较大。

TPO21阅读解析-Passage2

Q1答案：A解析：option“选择，选项”，所以A的choice正确。

代入原文，提到尽管游牧民族能到处搬家，但到了农耕时代这个就很难，benefit和idea明显不合文意，如果只是experience“体验”的话，即使到了农耕时代experience也不难，所以experience不正确。

Q2答案：B解析：A的healthier lifestyle做关键词定位至最后一句，提到游牧生活更健康，所以A正确，不选；B的knowledge of plants and animals做关键词定位至第二句，原文提到在knowledge比较丰富的人们当中农业发展起来，但不能凭这个推出游牧生活的人知识少，所以B错误，可选；C的storage做关键词定位至第四句，提到农业需要develop storage method，所以可以看出hunting and gathering是不需要这种能力的，C正确，不选；D的specific location定位至倒数第二句，而且根据上题的答案，这个正确，不选。

Q3答案：D解析：therefore“因此”，所以正确答案是D的as a result。

此题简单，A“理论上说”B“明显”C“频繁”都不正确。

Q4答案：A解析：提问全段如何组织，看开头，注意，一开头作者就提到traditionally，这个词的出现意味着全段可能存在转折，看第二句就提到it was argued，这和第一句观点不同，所以答案是A，先提出，再批判。

Q5答案：C解析：注意allowing和due to的双重因果关系，温度上升使得resource丰富，再使得人口增长，所以答案是C，很好地重复了这个双重因果。

A少缺最终的结果，也就是人口；B的simultaneously错误；D弄错了前面两个原因之间的关系。

Q6答案：D解析：以fluctuate做关键词定位至最后一句，提到气候变化，先wet接着干旱，导致availability也跟着波动，所以导致resource波动的原因是气候的干湿，所以答案是D的rainfall变化。

剑17阅读test2passage2解析

标题：剑17 阅读 test2passage2 解析1. 背景介绍剑17 阅读 test2passage2 是雅思考试中的一道阅读原文题目，这篇文章的主要内容是关于人类行为模式和环境之间的关系。

在这篇文章中，作者提出了一些观点和理论，通过对这些观点和理论的分析，可以帮助考生更好地理解文章内容和解答相关问题。

2. 主题概述文章的主要内容围绕着人类行为模式和环境之间的关系展开。

作者通过对社会学、心理学和环境学的交叉研究，探讨了人类行为与环境之间的相互作用和影响。

文章还讨论了人类行为在不同环境下的变化和适应能力，以及环境对人类行为的塑造和影响。

3. 文章结构分析文章大致可以分为三个部分：概述、主体和结论。

3.1 概述部分在概述部分，作者主要对人类行为模式和环境之间的关系进行了介绍和概述。

作者还提出了本文要探讨的主要问题和研究方法。

3.2 主体部分主体部分是文章的核心内容，主要包括作者对人类行为模式和环境之间关系的理论和观点阐述。

在这一部分中，作者通过具体的案例和数据，对人类行为在不同环境下的表现和变化进行了分析和讨论。

3.3 结论部分结论部分是对前文内容的总结和升华，作者在这一部分对文章的主要观点和结论进行了概括和归纳。

4. 文章重点分析在文章的阅读解析中，需要重点关注以下几个方面：4.1 作者观点考生需要理解和把握作者在文章中提出的关于人类行为模式和环境之间关系的观点和理论，这些观点和理论是文章的核心内容。

4.2 例证分析作者在文章中使用了一些具体的例证和数据来支持自己的观点，考生需要仔细分析这些例证的来源和意义，并掌握其相关信息。

4.3 文章结构需要对文章的整体结构进行分析，理解作者的论证思路和表达方式，把握文章的主旨和逻辑关系。

5. 解题技巧在阅读解析过程中，考生需要掌握以下几个解题技巧：5.1 理清思路在阅读文章原文的过程中，需要理清文章的主要观点和结构，确保对文章内容的整体把握。

5.2 注重细节在解答问题时，需要留意文章中的细节信息，尤其是与题目相关的具体例证和数据，这些细节信息往往是解题的关键。

剑桥18 阅读test2 passage2解析

剑桥18 阅读test2 passage2解析
（原创版）
目录
1.引言：介绍剑桥 18 阅读 test2 passage2 的文章内容
2.文章概述：分析文章的主要内容，包括森林管理的定义、目的和方法
3.森林管理的重要性：说明森林管理对于环境和经济的影响
4.文章中的具体例子：详述文章中提到的宾夕法尼亚森林管理的例子
5.总结：回顾文章的主要观点，并提出对未来森林管理的展望
正文
剑桥 18 阅读 test2 passage2 的文章主要探讨了森林管理的相关
问题。

森林管理是一种旨在实现森林可持续利用的方法，它通过对森林资源进行科学、有效的管理和保护，以实现森林资源的最大化利用和森林生态系统的平衡。

森林管理对于环境和经济的影响非常重要。

一方面，森林管理可以保护森林资源，防止森林资源的过度开采和破坏，从而维护森林生态系统的平衡。

另一方面，森林管理可以促进森林资源的可持续利用，为经济和社会发展提供重要的资源保障。

文章中提到了宾夕法尼亚的森林管理例子，这个例子生动地说明了森林管理的重要性。

在宾夕法尼亚，森林管理人员通过科学的方法对森林资源进行管理和保护，他们将低质量的木材用于制作家具、碗等产品，将高质量的木材用于制作更为珍贵的产品，从而实现了森林资源的最大化利用。

总的来说，森林管理是实现森林可持续利用的重要手段。

随着人类对森林资源的需求不断增加，森林管理将面临着更加严峻的挑战。

第1页共1页。

剑桥18 阅读test2 passage2解析

剑桥18 阅读test2 passage2解析一、文章主题概述剑桥18阅读Test 2 Passage 2的主题是关于全球变暖对极地地区的影响。

文章通过介绍极地地区的气候变化，探讨了全球变暖对极地动物、冰川和生态环境的影响。

文章旨在提醒人们关注气候变化问题，采取措施减缓全球变暖。

二、剑桥18阅读Test 2 Passage 2主要内容解析1.文章开篇介绍了极地地区的重要性，指出极地地区是全球气候系统的关键部分。

2.接下来，文章阐述了全球变暖对极地地区的动物和生态环境的影响，如冰川融化导致海豹、企鹅等动物的生存空间缩小，食物来源减少。

3.文章指出，全球变暖还会导致极地地区的冰川加速融化，从而影响到全球海平面上升。

4.文章进一步分析了全球变暖背后的原因，包括人类活动（如工业排放、森林砍伐等）和自然因素。

5.文章结尾呼吁人们采取行动，减少温室气体排放，保护极地地区及其生态环境。

三、解题技巧分享1.读题时，注意抓住文章主旨和关键词，快速理解文章大意。

2.做题时，结合上下文，充分利用文章中的信息进行推理和判断。

3.注意文章中的转折、因果等逻辑关系，这些关系有助于解答题目。

四、难点词汇与表达解析1.词汇解析：如greenhouse gas（温室气体）、melting（融化）、sea level（海平面）等。

2.表达解析：如the importance of the polar regions（极地地区的重要性）、the impact of global warming on the polar regions（全球变暖对极地地区的影响）等。

五、实战演练与练习建议1.针对剑桥18阅读Test 2 Passage 2，进行题目练习，巩固所学知识。

2.收集更多关于全球变暖和极地地区相关的文章，进行阅读练习，提高阅读理解能力。

3.关注气候变化问题，了解相关政策和措施，增强环保意识。

通过以上解析和实战演练，希望同学们能够更好地掌握剑桥18阅读Test 2 Passage 2的内容，提高阅读能力。

托福TPO42阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO42阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

Explaining Dinosaur Extinction Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event,because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary,usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world(K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous,derived from the German name Kreidezeit).Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example,some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants,which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous,about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out.In fact,several scientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs,with their complex battery of grinding teeth,evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals,which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic,about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence Some explanations(such as the one stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases)fail because there is no way to scientifically test them,and they cannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork. This focus on explaining dinosaur extinction misses an important point the extinction at the end of the Cretaceous was a global event that killed off organisms up and down the food chain.It wiped out many kinds of plankton in the ocean and many marine organisms that lived on the plankton at the base of the food chain.These included a variety of clams and snails,and especially the ammonites,a group of shelled squidlike creatures that dominated the Mesozoic seas and had survived many previous mass extinctions.The K-T event marked the end of the marine reptiles,such as the mosasaurs and the plesiosaurs,which were the largest creatures that had ever lived in the seas and which ruled the seas long before whales evolved.On land,there was also a crisis among the land plants,in addition to the disappearance of dinosaurs.So any event that can explain the destruction of the base of the food chain(plankton in the ocean,plants on land)can better explain what happened to organisms at the top of the food chain,such as the dinosaurs.By contrast,any explanation that focuses strictly on the dinosaurs completely misses the point The Cretaceous extinctions were a global phenomenon,and dinosaurs were just a part of a bigger picture. According to one theory,the Age of Dinosaurs ended suddenly 65 million years ago when a giant rock from space plummeted to Earth.Estimated to be ten to fifteen kilometers in diameter,this bolide(either a comet or an asteroid)was traveling at cosmic speeds of 20-70 kilometers per second,or 45,000-156,000 miles per hour.Sucha huge mass traveling at such tremendous speeds carries an enormous amount of energy.When the bolide struck this energy was released and generated a huge shock wave that leveled everything for thousands of kilometers around the impact and caused most of the landscape to burst into flames.The bolide struck an area of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico known as Chicxulub,excavating a crater 15-20 kilometers deep and at least 170 kilometers in diameter.The impact displaced huge volumes of seawater,causing much flood damage in the Caribbean.Meanwhile,the bolide itself excavated 100 cubic kilometers of rock and debris from the site,which rose to an altitude of 100 kilometers.Most of it fell back immediately,but some of it remained as dust in the atmosphere for months.This material,along with the smoke from the fires,shrouded Earth,creating a form of nuclear winter.According to computerized climate models,global temperatures fell to near the freezing point,photosynthesis halted,and most plants on land and in the sea died.With the bottom of the food chain destroyed,dinosaurs could not survive. paragraph 1 Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event,because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary,usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world(K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous,derived from the German name Kreidezeit).Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example,some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants,which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous,about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out.In fact,several scientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs,with their complex battery of grinding teeth,evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals,which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic,about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence Some explanations(such as the one stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases)fail because there is no way to scientifically test them,and they cannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork. 1.In paragraph 1,why does the author include a discussion of when flowering plants evolved? 【事实信息题】 A.To help explain why some scientists believe that the development of flowering plants led to dinosaur extinction。

托福TPO29阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO29阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

Competition When several individuals of the same species or of several different species depend on the same limited resource,a situation may arise that is referred to as competition.The existence of competition has been long known to naturalists;its effects were described by Darwin in considerable petition among individuals of the same species(intraspecies competition),one of the major mechanisms of natural selection,is the concern of evolutionary petition among the individuals of different species(interspecies competition)is a major concern of ecology.It is one of the factors controlling the size of competing populations,and extreme cases it may lead to the extinction of one of the competing species.This was described by Darwin for indigenous New Zealand species of animals and plants,which died out when competing species from Europe were introduced. 当同一物种的不同个体或不同的物种都依靠同一有限资源时，这种情况往往会引发成所谓的竞争。

托福TPO31阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO31阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

Early Children Education Preschools—educational programs for children under the age of five—differ significantly from one country to another according to the views that different societies hold regarding the purpose of early childhood education.For instance,in a cross-country comparison of preschools in China,Japan,and the United States,researchers found that parents in the three countries view the purpose of preschools very differently.Whereas parents in China tend to see preschools primarily as a way of giving children a good start academically,Japanese parents view them primarily as a way of giving children the opportunity to be members of a group.In the United States,in comparison,parents regard the primary purpose of preschools as making children more independent and self-reliant,although obtaining a good academic start and having group experience are also important. 由于不同社会持有的关于儿童早教目的观点的不同，学前班(5岁以下儿童的教育项目)的形式在不同国家也大不相同。

剑桥18 阅读test2 passage2解析

剑桥18 阅读test2 passage2解析摘要：1.引言2.森林管理的定义和重要性3.宾夕法尼亚的森林管理实践4.管理低质量木材的方法5.高质量树干的砍伐问题6.森林健康度的影响7.总结正文：1.引言森林是地球上最重要的生态系统之一，它为我们提供了氧气、清洁空气、水资源和生物多样性。

然而，随着人类活动的不断扩张，森林面临着严重的破坏和退化。

为了保护森林资源，人们开始采取各种措施进行森林管理。

本文将介绍剑桥18 阅读测试2 的Passage 2，该篇文章主要讲述了宾夕法尼亚的森林管理实践，探讨了如何通过管理低质量木材来促进森林的可持续发展。

2.森林管理的定义和重要性森林管理是指对森林资源进行科学、合理、有效的保护、培育、利用和修复的一系列活动。

其目的是为了维护森林生态平衡，提高森林生产力，保障森林资源可持续利用，促进人与自然和谐共生。

森林管理对于保护生物多样性、减缓气候变化、改善生态环境和促进经济发展具有重要意义。

3.宾夕法尼亚的森林管理实践宾夕法尼亚是美国著名的林业州，其森林资源丰富，森林覆盖率达到65%。

在森林管理方面，宾夕法尼亚采取了一系列有效的措施。

首先，他们制定了严格的森林采伐法规，限制了每年砍伐的树木数量，以保障森林资源的可持续利用。

其次，他们采用多样化的森林经营模式，包括天然林保护、人工林培育、森林生态旅游等，以提高森林的经济效益和生态效益。

最后，他们引入了高科技手段，如遥感技术、地理信息系统等，对森林资源进行实时监测和管理。

4.管理低质量木材的方法在宾夕法尼亚的森林管理实践中，管理低质量木材是一个重要环节。

低质量木材主要包括病虫害木材、变形木材、裂纹木材等。

这些木材的价值较低，如果直接丢弃，不仅会造成资源浪费，还会对环境产生负面影响。

因此，宾夕法尼亚采取了以下几种方法来管理低质量木材：a.将低质量木材加工成木屑，用作造纸、板材、生物质能等原料。

b.将低质量木材制作成家具、木工艺品等，以满足不同消费者的需求。

TPO20阅读解析-Passage2

Q1正确答案：C解析：momentous“重要的，重大的”，所以very important正确。

从单词本身看，意思上应该跟moment相关，“时刻的”，A和D明显不合文意。

原句提到这些变化对于本地稀疏的人口有什么影响，“常规的”影响明显不正确，答案是C。

Q2正确答案：B解析：EXCEPT题，排除法。

A/C/D都在第一段第一句中提到了，只有B没有提到，所以答案是B。

Q3正确答案：D解析：指代题，需要沿着提到的内容往前看，前一句提到由于农业和城镇的发展，人口成千上万，紧接着提到this change，说这个变化指的就是人口的增长，所以答案是D。

Q4正确答案：B解析：exploit“开采，开发，利用”，所以B的utilize正确。

原句提到当地人怎么样自然景观，之后举了很多例子，有放牧有打猎等等，都是在利用自然环境，所以是“利用”。

C“定居”和D“改善”都不正确；A选项不选，后面的例子说明不只是探索，所以答案是B。

Q5正确答案：A解析：根据这些例子找定位，提到定居点里包含很多通过贸易获得的外来物品，诸如……，所以列举的这些东西都是外来品，A是正确答案。

BCD都未提及。

Q6正确答案：D解析：cramped“局促的，狭窄的，难懂的”，所以confined正确。

原句提到在公元前9500年，一个村子的人都在一个什么样的住处里，根据句义，这里强调的是比较小，所以其他的都不合文意。

而且extend刚好和confine是相反的意思，所以D是答案。

Q7正确答案：D解析：Abu Hureyra做关键词定位至第一句的后半句和第二句的前半句，一直在说AH，接着往下看，提到接下来的1500年里，他们所在的地方气候温暖，种子丰富，所以答案是D，C与原文相反；A和B选项的内容在此并未提及。

Q8正确答案：C解析：shift“转变，转换，倒班”，所以最接近的答案是change。

原句提到漂浮的样品使得植物学家研究植物集群习惯的什么就好像在显微镜下看风景一样，风景是会变的，所以答案是change。

剑桥雅思10TEST2 PASSAGE2阅读解析

智课网IELTS备考资料剑桥雅思10TEST2 PASSAGE2阅读解析摘要：很多烤鸭反映，剑桥雅思阅读资料不太好找，其实烤鸭不必担心，今天小马小编带来了剑桥雅思10TEST2 PASSAGE2阅读解析，希望各位烤鸭可以好好看看。

今天小马小编为雅思考生们倾力奉献剑桥雅思10TEST2 PASSAGE2阅读解析，希望能为雅思考生们带来帮助。

Gifted children and learning天赋小孩与学习一、文章难度概括这篇文章难度一般，文章比较容易读懂，儿童教育类题材大家比较相对较熟悉。

二、文章分析A段：教育环境与智商有关B段：学习策略的举例C段：能力强的学习者常使用自动调节学习策略D段：老师只需在学习过程中做适当的引导E段：个人性格与学习成就有关F段：学习受到情感上的影响三、词汇准备A段Intelligence 智慧Verbal 口头的Manipulate 利用B段：Emerge 出现Qualitative 定性的，性质上的 External 外部的，表面的Internal 内部的，内在的Emotional 情感上的Awareness 意识Metacognition 元认知Curiosity 好奇心C段：Self-regulatory 自动调节Succinctly 简洁的Adjustment 调节D段：Conversely 相反Tendency 趋势Diminish 消除Autonomy 自治，自治权Deprived 缺乏足够教育的E段：Theoretical 从理论上来说的 Vital 重要的Domain 领域F段：Facilitate 促进，帮助Inhibit 抑制，禁止Harness 驾驭四、题型分析这篇文章由三种题型组成，都是阅读考试中常见的题型。

段落信息配对+人名理论配对+句子填空。

五、题目解析Question 14-17题型：Information Matching (段落信息配对)Question 18-22题型： Matching (人名理论配对)Question 23-26题型：Sentence Completion (句子填空)相关推荐：剑桥雅思写作精练剑桥雅思阅读精练剑桥雅思词汇精选相关字搜索：剑桥雅思10TEST2。

剑桥18 阅读test2 passage2解析

剑桥18 阅读test2 passage2解析（实用版）目录1.引言：介绍剑桥 18 阅读 test2 passage2 的背景和主题2.文章结构：分析文章的各个部分，包括宾夕法尼亚的森林管理和森林可持续性3.森林管理的问题：详述文章中提到的森林管理问题，包括低质量木材的管理和砍伐高质量树干4.森林可持续性的意义：解释森林可持续性对环境和经济的重要性5.结论：总结文章的主要观点，并探讨森林管理对实现森林可持续性的影响正文剑桥 18 阅读 test2 passage2 主要讨论了宾夕法尼亚的森林管理问题和森林可持续性的重要性。

文章从分析森林管理的各个方面入手，详细阐述了森林管理中存在的问题，以及这些问题对森林可持续性的影响。

文章首先介绍了宾夕法尼亚的森林管理情况。

宾夕法尼亚拥有丰富的森林资源，然而，在过去的几十年里，由于不良的森林管理，导致森林质量不断下降。

文章中提到的一个例子是低质量木材的管理。

在这里，作者指出，樱桃树对家具制造商来说非常有价值，但对庄园主来说，树干才是真正的价值所在。

这就说明了不同人对树木价值的看法是不同的。

另一个例子是砍伐高质量树干。

高质量的树干被砍伐后，留下的是经济价值较低的树木，这些树木会与价值更高的树木竞争生长资源，遮蔽更为理想的更新生长，并降低林分的健康度，使其更容易受到疾病的侵袭。

接下来，文章探讨了森林可持续性的意义。

森林可持续性是指在保护环境和促进经济发展的前提下，合理利用森林资源。

森林可持续性对环境和经济的重要性不言而喻。

森林不仅能为我们提供清洁的空气和水源，还能为我们提供木材和其他生物资源。

然而，由于不良的森林管理，森林资源正遭受严重的破坏。

因此，实现森林可持续性对于保护我们的环境和经济至关重要。

最后，文章总结了森林管理对实现森林可持续性的影响。

文章指出，良好的森林管理有助于实现森林可持续性，而不良的森林管理则会破坏森林资源。

通过本文的讨论，我们可以看到，森林管理在实现森林可持续性方面发挥着关键作用。

剑桥雅思11test2雅思阅读passage2解析

剑桥雅思11test2雅思阅读passage2解析摘要：1.文章背景介绍2.文章主要内容概述3.剑桥雅思11 Test 2 阅读passage 2 解析4.试题答案及解析5.解题技巧分享6.总结正文：一、文章背景介绍本文节选自剑桥雅思11 Test 2 阅读passage 2，主题为“The rise of the far right in Europe”。

本文旨在通过分析欧洲极右翼势力的崛起，探讨其背后的原因及可能带来的影响。

二、文章主要内容概述文章首先介绍了欧洲极右翼势力崛起的背景，随后分析了导致这一现象的多种原因，如经济危机、难民危机、民族主义情绪等。

接着，文章讨论了极右翼政党在欧洲政治舞台上的表现，以及他们的政治理念和政策主张。

最后，文章展望了极右翼势力在欧洲的未来发展及其可能对欧洲一体化进程产生的影响。

三、剑桥雅思11 Test 2 阅读passage 2 解析1.试题答案及解析请根据文章内容回答以下问题：Q1: What is the main cause of the rise of the far right in Europe?A: Economic crisisQ2: Which of the following is NOT a reason for the rise of the far right in Europe?A: The growth of immigrationQ3: What are the political parties on the far right advocating for?A: Strong nationalism and protectionism2.解题技巧分享(1) 针对选择题，可通过定位关键词快速找到答案所在位置，再进行仔细阅读和分析。

(2) 针对事实细节题，注意文章中的转折、因果等关系，以及具体例子和数据。

(3) 针对是非题，注意文章中的绝对词汇，如“all”，“none”等。

TPO53托福阅读Passage2原文及答案解析

TPO53托福阅读Passage2原文及答案解析托福备考时TPO托福模考软件对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。

托福阅读可以说是整个托福考试当中比较重要的一个部分，如何利用现有资料TPO模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天小编在这里整理了TPO53托福阅读Passage2原文及答案解析来分享给大家，希望对大家托福阅读备考有帮助。

TPO53托福阅读Passage2原文文本Sounds In The FilmListen to part of a lecture in a film studies class.Professor: Nowadays we take sound in films for granted. I mean you still might see black and white films occasionally. But you'll hardly ever see silent films anymore.So it's interesting to note that the use of recorded sound was originally controversial. And some directors, uh, some filmmakers even thought it shouldn't be used, that it would destroy the purity of cinema, somehow reverse all the progress that had been made in the art of cinema. Abby?Abby: What about all the sounds you hear in some silent movies? Like, you know, a loud sound when somebody falls down or something?Professor: Okay, you're talking about a soundtrack added much later, which has over time become part of the film we know. But this recorded track didn't exist then.And it's not that most people didn't want sound in films. It's just that the technology wasn't available yet. Don't forget that instead of recorded sound, there was often live music that accompanied movies in those days, like a piano player or a larger orchestra in the movie theater.Also, think of the stage, the live theater, it has used wonderfulsound effects for a long time. And if wanted, these could be produced during the viewing of a film. You know, the rolling of drums for thunder or whatever. But that wasn't as common.Oh, and another thing, that they might have in movie theaters in the early days, was a group of live actors reading the parts to go along with the film, or, and this seems a particularly bad idea to us now, one person narrating the action, an early example of a long tradition of movie producers, the ones concerned mostly about making money, not having much confidence in their audience, thinking that people somehow couldn't follow the events otherwise.So, it finally became possible to play recorded sound as part of the film in the 1920s. Trouble was, it wasn't always used to very good effect. First it was, you know, amazing to see somebody's mouth move at the same time you hear the words, or hear a door close when you see it closing on screen.But that luster wears off, of course. And if you're a director, a filmmaker, what's the next step?Abby: Well, you sound to enhance the movie right? Bring something more to it that wasn’t possible?Professor: Yes. That’s exactly what directors, who were more interested in cinema as art, not commerce, were thinking.But they also predicted that there would be a problem that sound would be misused and, boy, was it ever.Because the commercial types, the producers and so on, were thinking, “Okay. Now that sound is possible, let's talk as much as possible and forget about the fact that we're making a movie, that we have this powerful visual medium.”So many of the films of the twenties were basically straight adaptations of successful shows from the stage, theatre. Thename they used for sound films then was “talking films” and that was on the mark, since, well, all they pretty much did was talk and talk.So, remedy? Well what was proposed by a number of filmmakers and theorists was the creative expressive use of sound, what they generally called nonsynchronous sound.Okay, synchronous sound means basically that what we hear is what we see. Everything on the soundtrack is seen on the screen. A nd everything was recorded simultaneously, which… Well, since the sound technicians working on films often had experience with live radio that made sense to them. Recording the sound separately and adding it in afterward? Well, that idea was less obvious.Anyway synchronous sound means the source of the sound is the image on the screen.Nonsynchronous sound then is…Abby: The sound doesn't match the picture?Professor: Right. Now we can look at this in various ways. But let's take it as literally as possible.Music, unless we see the radio or the orchestra, that's nonsynchronous. If the camera shot is of the listener rather than the speaker that's nonsynchronous. If we hear, say, background sounds that aren't on the screen, that's nonsynchronous.So, that doesn't seem so radical, does it? But again, those early producers didn't think their audiences could keep up with this.Abby: Excuse me, but did you say earlier that some filmmakers actually advocated not using sound at all?Professor: Well, yes. But that was a bit of an exaggeration, I guess. What I meant to say was that some filmmakers thought that the way the film sound was actually used was setting the artof filmmaking back.But everyone agreed that sounds solved some very difficult issues and offered potentially exciting tools.TPO53托福阅读Passage2题目Question 1 of 5What is the lecture mainly about?A. The influence of theater on early sound filmsB. Conflicting views on uses of sound during the early days of sound filmsC. The great progress in cinema after the development of soundD. Viewer reactions to early sound filmsQuestion 2 of 5According to the professor, what types of sound were used in silent film theaters? Click on 3 answersA. Live music performed in the theaterB. Sound effects created in the theaterC. Recorded sound tracks played with the filmD. Live narration during the filmE. Musical entertainment offered before the filmQuestion 3 of 5What is the professor's attitude toward early movie producers?A. He is critical of their influence on films.B. He thinks they had little influence on films.C. He thinks they understood what audiences wanted.D. He acknowledges that they made progress possible.Question 4 of 5According to the professor, what was characteristic of sound films in the 1920s?A. Dialogues between characters were kept to a minimum.B. Many films were closely based on theater plays.C. Musical sound tracks were added to most films.D. Sounds were recorded separately and added to films later.Question 5 of 5What is an example of synchronous sound in a film?A. A character hearing a train that is not visibleB. A past conversation being replayed in a character's mindC. A character playing guitar and singing on screenD. A song playing at the end of a film as credits appear on the screenTPO53托福阅读Passage2解析正确答案：B题目解析：本题定位到原文：So it's interesting to note that the use of recorded sound was originally controversial. 此处原文的大意是：我们不妨来说说声音最开始应用的时候是怎样有争议的。

剑桥雅思8test3阅读passage2解析

剑桥雅思8test3阅读passage2解析摘要：1.文章背景介绍2.文章主要观点和论述3.剑桥雅思8 Test 3 阅读Passage 2 解析4.针对雅思考试的实用建议正文：【1】文章背景介绍本文主要解析剑桥雅思8 Test 3 阅读Passage 2，这是一篇关于火山研究的科普文章。

文章通过介绍火山学家研究火山活动的方法和过程，让读者了解火山研究的现状和挑战。

【2】文章主要观点和论述文章首先介绍了火山学家研究的两种主要方法：远程观测和实地考察。

远程观测主要包括卫星图像、地震监测等，而实地考察则包括岩浆采样、岩石分析等。

随后，文章提到了火山研究中的一个重要发现，即火山喷发产生的气体对全球气候变化的影响。

接着，文章阐述了火山学家在研究中面临的挑战，如火山喷发的不可预测性和危险性。

最后，文章指出，随着科技的发展，火山研究将不断取得新的突破。

【3】剑桥雅思8 Test 3 阅读Passage 2 解析本题的难度系数较高，主要体现在专业术语较多，如火山学家、岩浆、火山喷发等。

此外，文章结构较为复杂，需要考生在阅读过程中理清思路。

为了解决这些问题，建议考生在备考过程中，一方面要加强词汇积累，另一方面要锻炼自己的阅读理解能力。

【4】针对雅思考试的实用建议1.提高词汇量：词汇是雅思阅读的基础，考生需不断积累各类词汇，尤其是专业术语。

2.增强阅读理解能力：通过练习各类雅思阅读题型，了解文章结构，提高阅读速度和理解准确性。

3.学习解题技巧：熟悉雅思阅读题目的提问方式和解题方法，提高答题效率。

4.加强练习：多做雅思阅读练习题，了解自己的薄弱环节，有针对性地进行提高。

总之，剑桥雅思8 Test 3 阅读Passage 2 解析这篇文章不仅让我们了解了火山研究的现状和挑战，还为我们提供了备考雅思阅读的实用建议。

剑桥12test2passage 2阅读解析

剑桥12test2passage 2阅读解析
摘要：
1.文章主题概述
2.剑桥12 Test 2 Passage 2 内容分析
3.解题技巧与策略
4.练习与建议
正文：
【1】文章主题概述
本文主要针对剑桥12 T est 2 Passage 2进行阅读解析，通过分析文章内容、结构、主旨，以及考查的考点，为广大考生提供实用的解题技巧和方法。

【2】剑桥12 Test 2 Passage 2 内容分析
Passage 2 的主题为“The digital divide”，文章讨论了数字鸿沟现象，分析了其产生的原因，以及如何缩小数字鸿沟。

文章结构清晰，逻辑严谨，首先介绍了数字鸿沟的概念，接着分析了造成数字鸿沟的原因，包括经济、地理、教育等因素，最后提出了缩小数字鸿沟的策略。

【3】解题技巧与策略
在解答与这篇文章相关的题目时，考生可以运用以下技巧：
1.快速浏览文章，抓住主旨大意；
2.关注文章首段，了解文章立场和观点；
3.留意文章中的关键信息，如数字、例子、转折词等；
4.分析题目类型，如事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等，采用不同
的解题方法；
5.对照选项，返回原文寻找答案。

【4】练习与建议
1.针对性地练习剑桥12 Test 2 Passage 2 的相关题目，巩固解题技巧；
2.提高阅读速度，扩大词汇量，增强语感；
3.学习文章写作技巧，提高自己的写作能力；
4.关注现实生活中的数字鸿沟现象，积累相关知识。

TPO4托福阅读Passage2原文+题目+答案解析

TPO4托福阅读Passage2原文+题目+答案解析大家在学习托福的时候，相信借用了很多的资料和工具，不知道大家备考的方法是否有效，今天，小编为大家带来TPO4托福阅读Passage2原文+题目+答案解析一文，希望能帮助大家。

TPO4托福阅读Passage2原文+题目+答案解析TPO4托福阅读Passage2原文文本Cave Art in EuropeThe earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe as much as 60,000 years ago.The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, UpperPaleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to theinvestigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings. Many shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals. The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has an interesting interpretation of some of the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic. He believes that as far back as 30,000 B.C., hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon. If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment. In addition to other artworks, figurines representing the human female in exaggerated form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.TPO4托福阅读Passage2题目Question 1 of 14The word “marked ” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. considerableB. surprisingC. limitedD. adequateQuestion 2 of 14Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statementsabout painting in Europe?A. It is much older than painting in Australia.B. It is as much as 28,000 years old.C. It is not as old as painting in southern Africa.D. It is much more than 30,000 years old.Question 3 of 14The word “principal ” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. majorB. likelyC. well protectedD. distinctQuestion 4 of 14According to paragraph 2, what makes some researchers think that certain cave paintings were connected with magical-religious activities?A. The paintings were located where many people could easily see them, allowing groups of people to participate in the magical-religious activities.B. Upper Paleolithic people shared similar beliefs with contemporary peoples who use paintings of animals in their magical-religious rituals.C. Evidence of magical-religious activities has been found in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves.D. The paintings were found in hard-to-reach places away from the inhabited parts of the cave.Question 5 of 14The word “trappings ” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. conditionsB. problemsC. influencesD. decorationsQuestion 6 of 14Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art, it would cause death or injury.B. Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, so they, like Upper Paleolithic people, rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.C. If Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.D. Although many contemporary peoples believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, researchers cannot explain why Upper Paleolithic people rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.Question 7 of 14According to paragraph 3, scholars explained chips in the painted figures of animals by proposing thatA. Upper Paleolithic artists used marks to record the animals they had seenB. the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals for huntingC. the artists had removed rough spots on the cave wallsD. Upper Paleolithic people used the paintings to increase their luck at huntingQuestion 8 of 14Why does the author mention that Upper Paleolithic cave art seemed to have “reached a peak toward the end of t he Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing ”?A. To argue that Upper Paleolithic art ceased to include animals when herds of game became scarceB. To provide support for the idea that the aim of the paintings was to increase the supply of animals for huntingC. To emphasize the continued improvement in the quality of cave art throughout the Upper Paleolithic periodD. To show the direct connection between the decrease in herds of game and the end of the Upper Paleolithic period Question 9 of 14According to paragraph 4, scholars believe that wild cattle, horses, and mammoths are the animals most frequently portrayed in cave paintings for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:A. These animals were difficult to hunt because their unpredictable behavior.B. People preferred these animals for their meat and for their skins.C. The painters admired the beauty of these large animals.D. People feared these animals because of their size and speed.Question 10 of 14According to paragraph 4, which of the following may best represent the attitude of hunters toward deer and reindeer in the Upper Paleolithic period?A. Hunters did not fear deer and reindeers as much as they did large game animals such as horses and mammoths.B. Hunters were not interested in hunting deer and reindeer because of their size and speed.C. Hunters preferred the meat and hides of deer and reindeer to those of other animals.D. Hunters avoided deer and reindeer because of their natural weapons, such as horns.Question 11 of 14According to paragraph 4, what change is evident in the art of the period following the Upper Paleolithic?A. This new art starts to depict small animals rather than large ones.B. This new art ceases to reflect the ways in which people obtained their food.C. This new art no longer consists mostly of representations of animals.D. This new art begins to show the importance of hunting to the economy.Question 12 of 14According to paragraph 5, which of the following has been used as evidence to suggest that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and conscious awareness of their environment?A. They engraved animal figures on the shafts of spears and other objects.B. They may have used engraved signs to record the phases of the Moon.C. Their figurines represented the human female in exaggerated form.D. They may have used figurines to portray an ideal type or to express a desire for fertility.Question 13 of 14Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit?Therefore, if the paintings were connected with hunting, some other explanation is needed..Question 14 of 14Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that explain the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Upper Paleolithic cave paintings in Western Europe are among humanity’s earliest artistic efforts.A.Researchers have proposed several different explanations for the fact that animals were the most common subjects in the cave paintings.B.The art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic ceased to portray large game animals and focused instead on the kinds of animals that people of that period preferred to hunt.C.Some researchers believe that the paintings found in France provide more explicit evidence of their symbolic significance than those found in Spain, southern Africa, and Australia.D.The cave paintings focus on portraying animals without also depicting the natural environments in which these animals are typically found.E.Some researchers have argued that the cave paintings mostly portrayed large animals that provided Upper Paleolithic people with meat and materials.F.Besides cave paintings, Upper Paleolithic people produced several other kinds of artwork, one of which has been thought to provide evidence of complex thought.TPO4托福阅读Passage2解析Question 1 of 14正确答案：A题目解析：mark: 标记，marked: 明显的，显著的。

TPO2阅读解析-Passage2

Q1答案：B解析：threatened的意思是“受到威胁的”，与之意思一致的是B选项Endangered，表示“有生命危险的，濒临灭绝的”，A“受到限制的”，C“被阻止”，D“被拒的”这里意思都不符合。

Q2答案：B解析：第三段详细解释了植被的锐减导致了水分吸收的减少。

选项A中的信息在第三段中没有提及，错误；选项C中的信息在第三段中没有提及，错误；D选项，减少水分流失，与第三段中的内容相冲突，错误。

只有B选项的内容正确。

Q3答案：A解析：正确答案是A，“fragile”，意为“容易被损坏的”，“delicate”同样意为“脆弱的，易受损的”。

B“可预言的”，C“复杂的”，D“有价值的”意思都不符合。

Q4答案：A解析：题干询问当干旱季节时，边缘地区会在哪些方面遇到问题。

A选项说边缘地区将会在适应定居人口造成的压力方面遇到问题，这是正确的。

第五段中提到，人口在不断膨胀，即定居人口不断增长，使得人们施加给土地的压力变大，因此在消化这部分压力方面有困难。

B选项不正确，因为第五段并没有提到沙漠化后恢复土壤肥力的问题。

C选项不正确，因为第五段没有提到灌溉问题。

D选项不正确，因为第五段虽然提到了不断增长的人口，但是并没有涉及到食物和燃料的问题。

Q5答案：D解析：progressively意思是“日益增多地”，意思一致的是D选项。

也表示“逐渐增多的”，A“公开地”，B“感人地”，C“客观地”意思都不正确。

答案选D。

Q6答案：C解析：题干问与不断增长的农作物种植面积有关系的选项是哪一个，可以通过排除法来逐个判断。

A选项，缺乏正确的灌溉技术，并没有在第六段中提到；B选项，农作物没有种植到合适的区域，也没有提到；C选项农作物种植面积增大导致植被覆盖率的降低，第六段最后一句话中提到了；D选项过量使用干燥的动物粪便并没有提及。

Q7答案：D解析：这个词组在文中已经被高亮出来了。

这个词组意为“没有……；缺乏……”，因此正确答案是D选项。

托福TPO40阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO40阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

Latitude and Biodiversity When we look at the way in which biodiversity(biological diversity)is distributed over the land surface of the planet,we find that it is far from even.The tropics contain many more species overall than an equivalent area at the higher latitudes.This seems to be true for many different groups of animals and plants. Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics?Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area.The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface,since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.But an analysis of the data by biologist Klaus Rohde does not support this explanation.Although area may contribute to biodiversity,it is certainly not the whole story;otherwise,large landmasses would always be richer in species. Productivity seems to be involved instead,though perhaps its influence is indirect.Where conditions are most suitable for plant growth—that is,where temperatures are relatively high and uniform and where there is an ample supply of water—one usually finds large masses of vegetation.This leads to a complex structure in the layers of plant material.In a tropical rain forest,for example,a very large quantity of plant material builds up above the surface of the ground.There is also a large mass of material,developed below ground as root tissues,but this is less apparent.Careful analysis of the above ground material reveals that it is arranged in a series of layers,the precise number of layers varying with age and the nature of the forest.The arrangement of the biological mass("biomass")of the vegetation into layered forms is termed its“structure”(as opposed to its“composition,”which refers to the species of organisms forming the community).Structure is essentially the architecture of vegetation,and as in the case of tropical forests,it can be extremely complicated.In a mature floodplain tropical forest in the Amazon River basin,the canopy(the uppermost layers of a forest,formed by the crowns of trees)takes on a stratified structure.There are three clear peaks in leaf cover at heights of approximately 3,6,and 30 meters above the ground;and the very highest layer,at 50 meters,corresponds to the very tall trees that stand free of the main canopy and form an open layer of their own.So,such a forest contains essentially four layers of canopy.Forests in temperate lands often have just two canopy layers,so they have much less complex architecture. Structure has a strong influence on the animal life inhabiting a site.It forms the spatial environment within which an animal feeds,moves around shelters,lives,andbreeds.It even affects the climate on a very local level(the"microclimate")by influencing light intensity,humidity,and both the range and extremes of temperature.An area of grassland vegetation with very simple structure,for example,has a very different microclimate at the ground level from that experienced in the upper canopy.Wind speeds are lower,temperatures are lower during the day(but warmer at night),and the relative humidity is much greater near the ground.The complexity of the microclimate is closely related to the complexity of structure in vegetation,and generally speaking,the more complex the structure of vegetation,the more species of animal are able to make a living there.The high plant biomass of the tropics leads to a greater spatial complexity in the environment,and this leads to a higher potential for diversity in the living things that can occupy a region.The climates of the higher latitudes are generally less favorable for the accumulation of large quantities of biomass;hence,the structure of vegetation is simpler and the animal diversity is consequently lower. paragraph 1 When we look at the way in which biodiversity(biological diversity)is distributed over the land surface of the planet,we find that it is far from even.The tropics contain many more species overall than an equivalent area at the higher latitudes.This seems to be true for many different groups of animals and plants. 1.The word“distributed”in the passage is closest in meaning to A.represented B.collected C.spread D.managed 2.The word“overall”in the passage is closest in meaning to A.considered as a whole B.to some degree C.possibly D.evidently paragraph 2。