UNIT NINE PPT课件
Ambition研究生综合英语unit 9 PPT
Unit Nine AmbitionI. Introduction of the authorPerri Klass, MD, is a pediatrician and writer, who has published extensively about her medical training and pediatric practice. She is well known for her writing about the issues of women in medicine, about relationships between doctors and patients, and about children and literacy. She is the author of both fiction and nonfiction: novels, stories, essays, and journalism.Dr. Klass is Professor of Journalism and Pediatrics at New York University, and Medical Director of Reach Out and Read, a national childhood literacy program that works through doctors and nurses to encourage parents to read aloud to young children, and to give them the books they need to do it.She is a member of the National Advisory Council of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and has been nominated by the President of the United States to the Advisory Board of the National Institute For Literacy.Baruch de SpinozaBaruch de Spinoza was a Jewish-Dutch philosopher. Revealing considerable scientific aptitude, the br eadth and importance of Spinoza’s work was not fully realized until years after his death. By laying the groundwork for the 18th century and modern biblical criticism, he came to be considered one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy. His magnum opus, the posthumous Ethics, in which he opposed Descartes’s mind–body dualism, has earned him recognition as one of Western philosophy’s most important contributors. In the Ethics, ―Spinoza wrote the last indisputable Latin masterpiece, and one in which the refined conceptions of medieval philosophy are finally turned against the mselves and destroyed entirely.‖Philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel said of all contemporary philosophers, ―You are either a Spinozi st or not a philosopher at all.‖Jane Goodall is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of social and familyinteractions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues.II. The theme of the textDr. Klass discusses he r understanding of ambition and its meaning to one’s life. According to her, ambition is dreaming big dreams with no restrictions on one’s expectations. Ambition may make one frustrated or even one-sided, but it can also drive you to get close to your drea m which deserves to be cherished in one’s life.III. Structure of the textPart I Introduction (Para. 1-3)Main idea: I appreciate ambitious people since they have grandiose dreams and are entertaining and interesting to talk to. I am also an ambitiouspeople and do not feel apologetic about it.Part II Main body (Para. 4-14)∙Main idea: To some people, the word ―ambition‖ often relates with the words ―madness‖ and ―ruthless‖. However, in the late 70s and 80s, ―ambition‖ became desirable. But for me, ambitions are not some specific and attainable goals but big dreams. It is quite important but also difficult for one to live with his or her ambition.Argument 1 (para. 4-7)∙ Observing from a historical perspective, ambition has been a pejorative word. However, the author has her own understanding on this word.Example 1: the word ―ambitious‖ linked to a ―career woman‖ who is ruthless.Example 2: ―ambitious‖ is still a nasty attribute even it is favored by the ones who want to be successful.Argument 2 (para. 8-13)∙ People with or without ambition are tortured by ambition.Example 1: Achievements made by ambitious people will give you a great pressure.Example 2: One has to suffer a long time tough work to enjoy their delayed gratification.Example 3: One’s ambitions may come into conflict so one has to give up some of them.Part III Conclusion (Para 14-15)∙ Main idea: Although people are often over consumed by their ambitions, it is still necessary to cherish their own dreams which can drive you move forward.IV. Words and phrases1. grandiose: impressive because of unnecessary largeness or grandeur1) The sad truth is that not one of Tim's grandiose plans has even begun.2) Today it is the wealthiest enclave in the country, with gaudy, grandiosemansions that cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.如今它是这个国家最富裕的地区，拥有价值数十万美元，华丽而宏伟的高楼大宅。
民航机务职业英语口语Unit Nine
Speaking Practice
Prepare dialogues on the following situations:
1. Two colleagues are talking about their impression of Beijing, they do not share the same impression
Note: When you hesitate to agree or when you are not sure, you may say: “I think / suppose / guess so.”
Expressing Disagreement
Expressions of strong disagreement
Yes, I’d agree with you. I’m of exactly the same opinion. I’m with you on that. That’s just what I was thinking. That’s a good point / my opinion too / how I feel. Yes, I’d accept your view on that.
Part B Communicative Functions
Expressing Agreement
Note: RNP AR: Requested Navigation
Performance Authorization Required 要求的导航性能
Expressions of agreement
Expressions of weak disagreement
现代大学英语精读3_Unit_9_The_Dill_Pickle
Examples for the man’s egoism
(1) Although the woman obviously had a hard time in the past six years, he paid no attention to her plight, just talking about (boasting) himself and his travels. (2) The letter she sent him six years ago: He trivializes the letter, and by doing this, also trivializes their relationship. (3) He claimed that they are both egotistical and selfengrossed, but the fact is that it was he alone who has the problem.
3. He closed his eyes an instant, but opening them his face lit up as though he had struck a match in a dark room. (p. 2)
> When he remembered who I was, he suddenly looked very excited.
I. Introduction to the author
Katherine Mansfield(1888-1923) Pseudonym of Cathleen Mansfield Beauchamp Born in Wellington, New Zealand, daughter of a wealthy merchant and Banker Attended Queen’s College, London, from 1903-1906 A talented Cellist Married a George Bowden in 1909 but separated shortly after Begin to live with John Murry in 1912, but was only able to marry him till 1918 Philosophy of pessimism and disillusion after the WWI
文秘英语教程：Unit Nine Business arrangement
Secretary English
check-list [‘tʃek-lɪst] n. 清单 alphabetical [,ælfə'betɪkəl] a. 按字母（表）
顺序的 contact ['kɒntækt] n. 联络 itinerary [aɪ'tɪnərərɪ] n. 旅行日程 passport ['pɑːspɔːt] n. 护照 currency ['kʌrənsɪ] n. 货币 ensure [ɪn'ʃʊə] vt. 确保 label ['leɪbl] vt. 贴标签于
cultures.
Secretary English
Words and Expressions
colleague ['kɒliːg] n. 同事 director [dɪ'rektə] n. 主管，主任 secretarial [,sekrə'teərɪəl] a. 秘书的 destination [,destɪ'neɪʃən] n. 目的地 combination [,kɒmbɪ'neɪʃən] n. 结合 comparatively [kəm'pærətɪvlɪ] ad. 对比地，相
Secretary English
approximately [əpɒɒksɪ'mətlɪ] ad. 近似地， 大约
equator [ɪ'kweɪtə] n. 赤道 accuracy ['ækjʊrəsɪ] n. 精确（性），准确
（性） offset ['ɔːfset] vt. 抵消；补偿 negative ['negətɪv] a. 消极的，否认的 strategy ['strætɪdʒɪ] n. 策略，战略 sufficient [sə'fɪʃənt] a. 足够的
大学英语精读 第四册 Unit Nine
Unit Nine:Journey WestTextIn 1976, during America's bicetennial celebration, a family decided to travel to the American West instead of joining the majority of people that were celebrating on the East Coast. They wanted to follow the trails that the pioneers had made when they began to settle the West. The family was looking forward to making their own discoveries. JOURNEY WESTJim DohertyWe began our trip out West on June 19, 1976, a time when millions of other American families were preparing to crowd into the Bicentennial shrines of the East. We sized up America's 200th birthday celebration a bit differently. Although the Republic may have been born in the East, it had spent most of its time and energies since then moving west. So we resolved to head in the same direction in 1976, following the old pioneer trails and the famous rivers. Concentrating primarily on Wyoming and Montana, we would explore such legendary mountain ranges as the Big Horns, the Bitterroots and the Swan.There was one problem though, I was sure our four kids -- educated about the West through the movies -- would be disappointed. As an environmental editor, I knew that strip mining was tearing up manyscenic areas and that clear-cutting was causing widespread damage in the mountains. I was well aware that draining and damming were making a mess of many rivers and wetlands. The grasslands were overgrazed and coal-burning power were befouling the air. Wildlife was on the run everywhere and tourists were burning the national parks into slums.I was prepared for the worst. But how to prepare the kids?The answer, we decided, was to undertake our journey not just as tourists on a holiday, but as reporters on the trail of "the real West." So all of us, from my kids to my wife, pledged to do our homework before we left and to record on the way everything we did, saw, hear, felt or thought.Predictably, we did not uncover any new truths about the West in three short weeks. But there were plenty of surprises on that5,200-mile journey and the biggest one was this: I had been wrong. Some of the troubles we saw were every bit as bad as I had dreaded. But by and large, the country was as glorious, as vast and as overwhelmingly spectacular as those know-nothing kids had expected! Half the fun of going west is discovering, along the way, how much the past is still with us. Old wives'tales. Little old farm towns shaded from the summer heat by enormous maple trees on streets. White-haired folks reading the paper on their farmhouse porches at sunset.Worn-out windmills standing alone in pasture… All in all, we did not see much evidence that small-town America is vanishing as we traveled through rural Wisconsin, Minnesota and South Dakota. It's true that many new homes are rising in many old cornfields. But for the most part, life in vast areas of the American heartland remains pretty much the same as it was 30 and 40 years ago.In the hilly farmlands of southern Wisconsin and Minnesota, we found the fields and forests green and the creeks still flowing. The farms, with their "eggs for sale" signs and enormous "grandma's gardens" in the front yards, looked prosperous and secure. Not much further north, though, a drought was threatening the land.In South Dakota, the situation was far worse. "Haven't seen anything like this since the dirty thirties," one farmer told us. Even in normal times, most of South Dakota is dry. Now it was being burned to a crisp. The water holes were dried up and we saw dead cattle lying here and there on the treeless, rolling range. Some farmers were hauling water out to their thirsty stock daily; others were trying to drill deep wells. We saw two distinctly different Wyomings. We crossed the first Wyoming between the Black Hills and the Big Horns. Wide-open grassland, fenced and colorless, with red rocks and sweet-smelling shrubs scattered about, it was typical of a hard-used land. Cattle grazed on it. Oil rigs pumped on it and power lines zigzagged all over it.Freight trains labored across it, hauling coal from strip mine to power plant, hauling uranium and other minerals to refineries. This Wyoming, clearly, was booming.The other Wyoming started some miles east of Buffalo, an unexpectedly graceful community in the foothills of the Big Horns. On one side of town, antelope abounded by fours and fives in the hills, and yellow wild flowers lined the roads. On the other side rose the Big Horns and nearly 10,000 feet up, Powder River Pass cut through them. The Big Horn canons were incredible, with four and five distinct layers of pine trees somehow clinging to the steep, rocky walls. Far, far below, Ten Sleep Creek was a thin, white torrent on the rampage. In some of the less wild terrain, we saw deer on the high green hillsides and, as we climbed up toward our picnic spot, we flushed two does and two fawns. That night, we fell asleep with the roar of Ten Sleep in our ears.We had picked by chance for our stopping place an area rich in western lore. At one time, Ten Sleep -- a small village at the western base of the Big Horns -- lay midway between two great Indian camps. In those days, the Indians measured distances by the number of sleeps and the halfway mark between those two camps was exactly ten sleeps.We crossed the Continental Divide for the first time on a cool morning,cutting through the Rockies in northwestern Wyoming at a place called Togwatee Pass (at a height of 9,656 feet). Our van had just leveled off and we were rounding a downhill bend when, all at once, there they were, stretched out before us in a spectacular procession of massive white peaks: the Tetons. My wife gasped and, behind us, the kids began to yell. In truth, it was a startling sight—— a sight none of us will ever forget.We had seen mountains before, but we had never experienced anything even remotely like that initial impact of the Tetons. It was exactly what we had in mind when we decided to take our first trip "out West."New Wordsbicentenniala. happening once in 200 years; of a 200th anniversaryn. 200th anniversaryshrinen. a building or place associated with sth. or sb. deeply respected 神殿，圣地resolvevt. make up one's mind (to do sth); decide 决心；决定n. a path across rough country made by the passing of people or animals 小径，小道legendarya. of, like or told in a legend 传奇（似）的mountain rangea row of connected mountains 山脉disappointeda. sad at not getting what was hoped for 失望的environmentala. having to do with environment 环境的environment n.editorn. 编辑strip minen. a mine which is operated from the surface by removing the overlying layers of earth 露天矿vt. take (a mineral or ore) from a strip mine 露天开采（矿物）a. of or having to do with natural scenery 天然风景的clear-cutvt. cut all the trees in (a given area or forest) 将……的树木砍伐光drainvt. carry away the surface water of 排（水等）damn. a wall or bank built to keep back water 坝，水闸vt. build a dam acrossmessn. staate of confusion, dirt or disorder 混乱、肮脏wetlandn. land or areas containing much soil moisture; swamp 沼泽地grasslandn. land covered with grass, esp. wild open land for cattle to feed on 草地；牧场overgrazevt. allow animals to graze to the point of damaging the grass cover 在……上过度放牧power plant发电厂befoulvt. make dirty 弄脏wildlifen. animals and plants which live ad grow in natural conditions 野生动植物touristn. a person making a tour for pleasure 游客slumn. (often pl.) street, alley, or building in a crowded, run-down, dirty part of a city or town, where the poorest people live 贫民窟undertakevt. take up (a duty, etc.); start on (work) 承担；从事pledgevt. make a solemn promise or agreement 发誓，保证predictablyad. as one may predictuncovervt. remove a cover from; find out, discover 揭开……盖子；发现know-nothinga. ignorantn. ignoramusshadevt. shelter from direct light or heat 荫蔽maplen. 槭树，枫树folk (AmE folks)n. peopleworn-outa. used until no longer fit for use; very tired 破旧的；精疲力尽的windmilln. a mill operated by the action of the wind on sails which revolve 风车pasturen. grassland for cattle; grass on such land 牧场；牧草rurala. of or relating to the country, country people or life, or agriculture 农村的cornfieldn. (AmE) 玉米田；(BrE)小麦田，谷物田heartlandn. any area or region that is the center of, or vital to , a country 心脏地带，中心地带hillya. full of hillsgrandman. (informal) grandmothersecurea. safe; having no doubt, fear, or anxiety 安全的droughtn. a long period of dry weather, when there is not enough water干旱crispa. dry; hard; easily broken 脆的；易碎的n. something crisprollinga. rising and falling in long gentle slopes 绵延起伏的haulvt. pull or drag with force 拖曳stockvt. farm animals, usu. cattle 牲畜distinctlyad. clearlygrazev. feed on growing grass (in) 吃（……的）草rign. 钻塔pumpvt. force (water, etc.) out by using a pump 泵zigzagvi. go in a zigzag 弯弯曲曲地行走，蜿蜒曲折n. a line shaped like a row of z'sfreightn. the goods carried from place by water or by land 货物fright trainn. (AmE) goods trainn. 铀refineryn. a building and apparatus for refining sth. (metals, oil, or sugar) 精炼厂，提炼厂boomvi. grow rapidly; develop rapidly in population and importance 迅速发展，兴盛gracefula. (of shape or movement) pleasing to the eye 优雅的grace n.foothilln. a low hill at the foot of a mountain 山麓小丘antelopen. a deer-like, fast-running animal with thin legs 羚羊aboundvi. have or exist in great numbers or quantities （物产）丰富n. a deep narrow steep-sided valley (usu. with a river flowing through) 峡谷distincta. easily seen, heard, understood; plain; clearly different or separate 明显的；不同的pinen. 松树；松木clingvi hold tightly; remain close 紧握着；粘着steepa. rising or falling sharply or at a large angle 陡峭的torrentn. a violently rushing stream of water 激流rampagen. excited and violent behavior 横冲直撞，狂暴行径terrainn. a stretch of land, esp. when considered in relation to its nature 地带，地形n. the sloping side of a hill 山腰picnicn. 野餐roarn. a deep loud sound as of a lion, or thunder, etc. 吼叫，轰鸣westerna. of, in, from, characteristic of the west.loren. tradition and knowlege, esp. handed down from past times （口头）传说midwaya.& ad. in a middle positioncontinentala. (typical) of a very large mass of land; (AmE) of or in the North American continent 大陆（性）的；北美大陆的vann. a covered motor-vehicle for carrying goods and sometimes people 客货两用车v. bring or come into a horizontal planedownhilla. (sloping or going) towards the bottom of a hillstretchv. (cause to) become wider or longer; spread out 伸延processionn. a line of people, vehicles, etc. moving forward in an orderly way 行列，队伍massivea. large, heavy and solid; huge 粗大的，巨大的gaspv. struggle for breath with open mouth, esp. because of surprise, chock, etc. 喘息n. catching of the breath through surprise, pain, etc.yellv. make a loud sharp cry or shout, as of pain, excitement, etc.; say or shout loudlyad. to a very small degree; far away 很少地，极小地；遥远地remote a.initiala. occurring at the beginning; first 最初的，开始的impactn. a strong effect; the striking of one thing against another 影响；冲击Phrases & Expressionssize upform an opinion or judgment about 估计；品评a bitto some degree; rather 有点儿，相当tear updestroy completely by tearing 撕毁，毁掉make a mess ofdisorder, spoil or ruin 把……弄脏；把……弄糟running or hurrying from place to place; in flight 奔跑着；奔逃着do one's homeworkmake necessary preparations before taking part in an important activity 作必要的准备by and largeon the whole; in generalall in all(informal) on the wholehere and therescattered about; in various places 零星分散，在各处burn to a crispburn black or dry 烤焦cut through穿过，穿透cling tokeep a firm hold on 紧紧抓住be/go on the / a rampagego about in an excited, mad and violent manner 横冲直撞by chanceunintentionally; by accident 偶然地；意外地at one timeformerly 从前，曾经level off/outmove horizontally (after climbing); remain steady (after a rise) （爬高后）水平移动；（上升后）达到平稳stretch outextend prolong 延伸，延续in truthtruly; really 的确have in mindbe considering, intend 考虑，打算Proper NamesWyoming怀俄明（美国州名）Montana蒙大拿（美国州名）the Big Horns大霍恩山脉（美国山名）the Bitterroots比特鲁特山脉（美国山名）the Swan斯旺山（美国山名）Wisconsin威斯康星（美国州名）South Dakota南达科地（美国州名）the Black Hills布莱克山（美国山名）Buffalo布法罗（美国城市名）Powder River波德河（美国河流名）Ten Sleep Creek十眠河（美国河流名）the Rockies洛矶山脉（美国山名）Togwatee Pass托格瓦堤关（美国地名）the Tetons提腾山脉（美国山名）。
人教新目标 九年级英语 Unit 9 知识点总结
Unit 9 知识点总结Unit Nine Section A No 11.有极好的歌词have great lyrics2.随着音乐跳舞dance to music3.随着唱sing along with4.更喜欢某物（两种）prefer sth =like sth better5.比起做某事更喜欢做某事prefer to do sth rather than do sth =prefer doing to doing sth6.做某事怎么样？what about doing sth7.一个澳大利亚歌手an Australian singer8.弹奏不同种类的音乐play different kinds of music9.喜欢电子音乐like electronic music10.播放安静缓慢的音乐play quiet and slow songs11.太吵too noisy12.我最喜欢的乐队my favorite band句子：1.你喜欢哪种音乐？What kind of music do you like ?2.我喜欢我能随着唱的音乐。
I like music that I can sing along with3.我更喜欢有极好歌词的音乐。
I prefer music that has great lyrics .4.我喜欢我能随着跳的音乐。
I like music that I can dance toUnit Nine Section A No 21.应该做某事be supposed to do sth2.听起来悦耳的sound smooth3.帮我放松help me relax4.想要看电影（三种）want to watch a movie = feel like watching a movie =would like to watch a movie5.在我的空闲时间（两种）in my spare time = in my free time6.一个著名的导演a famous director7.取决，依靠depend on8.想地太多think too much9.既然那样in that case10.让我深思的事give me something to think about11.坚持stick to句子：1.我想我只会听我买的这张新唱片。
北师大版高中英语必修三Unit 9《Lesson 1 On Your Bike》课件 Language Points 1
of science. 如今越来越多的人在享受着科学给人们带来的益处。
【搭配】
of benefit to对……有益处 for the benefit of为了……的利益
That experience was of great benefit to me. 那次经历对我很有益处。
The city library is for the benefit of the public.
话题美文欣赏
课前自主学习
课堂互动探究
2．advantage n．优点，优势，长处 It is an advantage if you can speak English. 会说英语是你的优势。 【搭配】 have the advantage over...优于……，比……有优势 to one's advantage对某人有利，亦可用to the advantage of sb take advantage of...利用……
话题美文欣赏
课前自主学习
课堂互动探究
She argued him into/out of leaving his job. 她极力劝他(不要)辞职。 We shall argue with them about the question. 就这个问题我们要和他们争论一番。 【拓展】 argument n．[U，C]辩论；[C]论据；论点 以ue结尾的词加后缀时，须去掉e。 注 意 ： argument 指 “ 论 据 ， 论 证 ， 理 由 ” 时 ， 常 与 for ， against或that从句连用。 There are many arguments that the herb is effective. 很多论据证明那种草药有效。
现代大学英语精读3_Unit_9_The_Dill_Pickle
Her prose style is delightful, and the choice of diction is always so careful and appropriate
I was jealous of her writing,
the only writing I have been jealous of
II. Explanation of Text
1.
Incredible! He didn’t know her. (p.2)
Inference >the
relationship between them had been unusual. At least this indicated that they had known each other very well six years ago.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
3. He closed his eyes an instant, but opening them his face lit up as though he had struck a match in a dark room. (p. 2)
> When he remembered who I was, he suddenly looked very excited.
Unit Nine The Dill Pickle
By Katherine Mansfield
Lesson 9 – A Dill Pickle
Dill pickle
Cucumber reserved in salty and spicy water with such ingredients as pepper, garlic, dill and vinegar. In Russia, it is eaten with hamburger as an appetizer.
人教版高中英语选修初级财经英语课件 Unit Nine Current issues 课件
This means that consumers were able
to borrow money and take up loans more
easily. Low rates of inflation also added to investor confidence and encouraged greater borrowing.
3.The stock market returns in 2004
The housing boom of the 2000s saw a corresponding decline of interest in the stock market. Investors turned to ‘bricks and mortar’ investments.
Language study
Useful words 1.'bricks and mortar’ investments：房地产投资， 有形资产投资 Relates to investments in housing because they are seen as good solid investments that increase in value.
Do you know any other events about economy?
Can it do any helpdaily life?
As we have learned, it is very important to monitor the latest financial changes and modify your
Do you know the financial crisis ? Try to describe
新时代核心英语教程写作1教学课件(U9)
Use of periodic sentences
Use of periodic sentences
The periodic sentence is usually emphatic and conclusive because the weight of the statement falls on the long-awaited predication.
Use of periodic sentences
The periodic sentence is usually emphatic and conclusive because the weight of the statement falls on the long-awaited predication.
• Loose: Wilbur awoke and looked for Charlotte the next morning when the first light came into the sky and the sparrows stirred in the trees, when the cows rattled their chains and the rooster crowed and the early automobiles went whispering along the road.
• Technically, they are often brilliant and innovative products not only of new skills and devices but also of imaginative minds.
Placement of important ideas
建筑英语Unit Nine
• Phrases Expressions
• formal style 规整式 • informal style 非规整式 • wrought iron 熟铁，锻铁 • aromatic herbs 草本香料植物 • make up of 构成，组成 • on a small scale 小规模地 • gain ground 普及，发展 • in popularity 流行 • landscape design 园林设计
• This style creates an Old World ambiance reminiscent of the Italian countryside[1]. The use of stone, old brick, wrought iron, heavy wooden beams and authentic Tuscan plants are typical of the style.
• Formal Style（Fig.9-1）
• Formal landscape design heavily depends on straight lines and geometrical shapes. The plantings are orderly and neatly pruned to maintain their formal effect.
• remember is to focus on a natural look that provides relief from the intense afternoon sun.
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Text A Landscape Design Styles
• The above examples are just some of the more popular garden design styles. New and unique styles can be created by combing two or more styles, creating a fusion effect.
研究生英语精读教程[上册]Unit Nine
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When he had told how a man had been thrown from his horse and killed because a calf had run in his way, my mother asked with genuine interest, "What became of* the calf?" She was not indifferent to the man's death, she was interested in the calf*, too.
1. (be) forgetful of (be) in the habit of forgetting健忘 2. strenuous※ adj. taking great effort;showing great activity
奋发的，使劲的；精力充沛的 3. indestructible adj. that cannot be destroyed破坏不了的，
1. conspirator△ n. one who takes part in a conspiracy共谋者，阴谋家
2. indictment n. accusation控告，告发，起诉
[ 4 ] She never used large words, yet when her pity or indignation* was stirred she was the most eloquent person I have ever heard. We had a little slave boy whom we had hired from someone there in Hannibal①. He had been taken from his family in Maryland, brought halfway across the continent, and sold.
大学英语精读第一册Unit9：TheBrain
Unit Nine：The BrainThroughout the ages different ideas have been expressed about the working of the human brain. It is only recently, however, that science has begun to give us some idea of how the brain really works.The BrainThe Most PowerfulComputer in the UniverseMan still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex part of his body -- the brain.In ancient times men did not think that the brain was the centre of mental activity. Aristotle the philosopher of ancient Greece thought that the mind was based in the heart. It was not until the 18th century that man realised that the whole of the brain was involved in the workings of the mind.During the 19th century scientists found that when certain parts of the brain were damaged men lost the ability to do certain things. And so, people thought that each part of the brain controlled a different activity. But modern research has found that this is not so. It is not easy to say exactly what each part of the brain does.In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain. Chemists and biologists have found that the way the brain works is far more complicated that they had thought. In fact many people believe that we are only now really starting to learn the truth about how the human brain works. The more scientists find out, the more questions they are unable to answer. For instance, chemists have found that over 100,000 chemical reactions take place in the brain every second. Mathematicians who have tried to use computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos. Some recent research also suggests that we remember everything that happens to us. We may not be able to recall this information, but it is all stored in our brains.Scientists hope that if we can discover how the brain works, the better use we will be able to put it to. For example, how do we learn language? Man differs most from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use language but we still do not know exactly how this is dine. Some children learn to speak and read and write when they are very young compared to average children. But scientists are not sure why this happens. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.Earlier scientists thought that during a man's lifetime the power of his brain decreased. But it is now thought that this is not so. As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power. It has been found that an old person who has always been mentally active has a quicker mind than a young person who has done only physical work. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do.Other people now believe that we use only 1% of our brains' full potential. They say that the only limit on the power of the brain is the limit of what we think is possible. This is probably because of the way we are taught as children. When we first start learning to use our minds we are told what to do, for example, to remember certain facts, but we are not taught how our memory works and how to make that best use of it. We are told to make noted hut we are not taught how our brains accept information and which is the best way to organise the information we want our brains to accept.This century man has made many discoveries about the universe -- the world outside himself. But he has also started to look into the workings of that other universe which is inside himself -- the human brain.computern. machine that stores information and works out answers 计算机universen. 宇宙complexa. difficult to understand or explain 错综复杂的，难懂的ancienta. in or of times long ago 古代的；古⽼的philosophern. 哲学家philosophyn. 哲学involvevt. cause to become connected or concerned 使卷⼊workingn. (usu. pl.) operation; action 运转，运⾏，活动abilityn. 能⼒exactlyad. with complete connected or concerned 确切地；精确地amount n. 数量，数额chemistn. one who studies and understands chemistry 化学家biologistn. one who studies the life of animals and plants ⽣物学家biologyn. ⽣物学complicatedn. difficult to understand, complex 难懂的；复杂的chemicala. of chemistryunablea. not ablereaction n. 反应mathematiciann. one who studies and understands mathematics 数学家equip n. 设备，装置kilo = kilogram公⽄，千克recenta. done or made not long ago 近来的recallvt. remember 记得；回忆起differvi. be different (from) mentally ad. 智⼒上，脑⼒上physicala. of the body; of matter; of the science of physics ⾝体的；物质的；物理学的potential n. 潜⼒limit n. 局限，限度PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSput...to (good) useuse (in a profitable) （好好）利⽤differ frombe dissimilar to 与...不同compared to / within comparison with 与...相⽐make notestake notes 记笔记look intoexamine 调查，观察PROPER NAMESAristotle亚⾥⼠多德Greece 希腊。