《谓语动词的单复数》课件
谓语动词单复数用法
谓语动词单复数用法:主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
谓语动词讲义课件
6.过去进行时
• • • • 过去某一时刻或某段时间正进行的动作 赞叹、厌恶等 was/ were doing They were having a meeting when the fire broke out. • He was always changing his mind.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ 7. 现在完成时
8.现在完成进行时
• 从过去某一刻开始的动作一直延续到现在， 甚至将来(一直) • have/has been doing • He is ill.He has been lying in bed for two weeks. • He has been reading the book for two hours. • He has read the book.
9.过去完成时
• 动作发生在过去的过去(一般有过去动作或 时间参照) • had done • The film had begun when I got to the cinema yesterday. • By the end of last term,we had learned more than 2,000 words.
2.一般过去时
• 过去发生的动作或存在的状态(常与表示过 去的时间状语连用)(did, was , were) • Tom came to China 10 years ago. • The city was very dirty in the past.
3.一般将来时
将来发生的行为或存在的状态 Will +do(规律；意愿或倾向性) be going to do be to do be about to do be doing He will go to NewYork tomorrow. We will die when we are old. Oil and water will not mix.
谓语动词单复数用法
谓语动词单复数用法 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】谓语动词单复数用法:主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there 引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
主谓一致-ppt课件
① Quantities of tea were sold last month. ② A large quantity of beer was sold out. ③ A large quantity of books in the library were
More than one student has tried.
Many a student and teacher is watching the football match.
Many a man has died in the war.
4. each/every/no/many a + 单数名词+and+ each/every/no/many a + 单数名词 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
1.Each book and each paper is in proper place 2.Every boy and every girl has the right
to receive education. 3.Many a boy and many a girl has seen
these paintings. 4.Every hour and minute is important.
John is the only one of the students who has
the students who have the keys.
3. more than one不止一个/many a许多 + 单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动 词常用单数。(形单意复)
Each of the girls likes dancing.
谓语动词用单数复数的情况
谓语动词用单数的情况???????1．动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。
如：Buyingclothesisoftenatime-consumingjobbecausethoseclothesthatapersonlikesarerarelytheconesthatfit himorher.(1987年考研题)Tounderstandthesituationcompletelyrequiresmorethoughtthanhasbeengiventhusfar.??????2??????3岁月A。
???????4??????5???????6BreadandbutterisourdailyfoodTimeandtidewaitsfornoman《和3同》?二．谓语用复数情况??????1．由and,both…and,连接的并列主语，和both,afew,many,several等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。
FewpeopleknowheandIwereclassmateswhenwewereatcollege.???????2．集体名词police,public,militia,cattle,class,youth后常用复数形式的动词TheChinesepeoplearebraveandhardworkingThecattlearegrazinginthesunshine??????3．当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式TheJapanesewereonceveryaggressive ??????4．某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数Thericharenotalwaysselfish仅供个人学习参考5．不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数Threemilliontonsofcoalwereexportedthatyear??三．谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况???????1．就近一致原则这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：??????1）由连词either…or…;neither…nor…;whether…or…;notonly…but(also);or等连接的并列主语NeithermoneynorfamehasinfluenceonmeNotonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong???????2)在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致Blockingtheopen-sidedporch,framedbytheenvelopingfog,standsatallgrave-facedpoliceman.Justoutsideth eruinsisamagnificentbuildingsurroundedbytalltrees.Althoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestilli nneedofrepair,therehasbeenimprovementinthefacili??????2??????3??????d.（1996??????4．??????5等等??????6???????可??????第二组；thenumberof+可数名词复数谓语用单数each/every+可数名词复数谓语用单数neither/eitherof+可数名词复数谓语用单数oneandahalf+可数名词复数谓语用单数??????第三组；morethanone+可数名词单数谓语用单数manya+可数名词单数谓语用单数???????第四组；thegreaterpartofalargeproportionof50%ofonethirdofplentyoftherestof谓语的数与of后面的名词一致???????第五组；(n)either…(n)or….notonly…..butalso……not…..but……谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即(n)or/butalso/but引导的后面部分）一致.???????注意比较：Morestudentsthanonehavebeenreferredto?????????????????????????????Morethanonestudentisgoingtobuythisbook仅供个人学习参考。
谓语动词单复数用法
谓语动词单复数用法 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】谓语动词单复数用法:主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
主谓一致谓语动词的单复数形式讲义-高三英语语法一轮复习考点
2024届高三英语高考一轮复习语法考点主谓一致:谓语动词的单复数形式（讲义）谓语动词复数形式以下情况，句中的谓语动词用复数形式1、表示总称意义的词如people，police，cattle，crew，clothes，public 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police have caught the robber.警察抓住了抢劫犯。
The clothes I wear are much too young for me.我穿的衣服显得过于年轻了。
2、由两部分构成的物体如shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses，scissors，socks，stockings，boots，chopsticks等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
My trousers are of good quality.我的裤子质量很好。
Her shoes are under the bed.她的鞋子在床底下。
Your glasses are on your nose.你的眼镜在鼻梁上。
The scissors are very heavy.这把剪刀很沉重。
注意：成双成对的物品前面如与 a pair of连用，谓语动词则往往用单数。
This pair of gloves is amazing.这副手套太神奇了。
There is a pair of stockings on the bed.床上有一双长筒袜。
3、由and或both...and...连接两个人或物，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，且要注意两个单数名词前都有冠词。
You and he are my good friends.你和他是我的好朋友。
An apple and an egg are her breakfast.一个苹果和一个鸡蛋是她的早餐。
Both my mother and my father are working hard.我的妈妈和爸爸都在努力工作。
谓语动词使用单复数的情况
谓语动词用单数的情况动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语谓语用单数。
如Buyingclothesisoftenatime-consumingjobbecausethoseclothesthatapersonlikesarerarelythecones thatfithimorher.(1987年考研题) To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时谓语用单数。
Two weeks was too long Five times five makes twenty five一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候谓语用复数但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念谓语用单数lawandorder法制soap and water 肥皂水a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子fork and knife 刀叉the needle and thread 针线trial and error 反复尝试不断摸索horse and carriage 马车time and tide 岁月bread and butter 奶油面包the ebb and flow 盛衰潮涨潮落如Iflawandordernotpreserved,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.A.isB.areC.wasd.were答案A。
表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.有些名词形式上是复数意义上是单数根据意义一致原则动词用单数The chaos was stopped by the police The news is a great encouragement to us A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend.用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候动词谓语用单数形式Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man《和3同》二谓语用复数情况由and, both …and, 连接的并列主语和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。
系表结构谓语单复数
系表结构谓语单复数在语法中，谓语是构成句子的一个关键组成部分，用来表达主语的动作、状态、性质或存在。
同时，谓语的单复数形式也与主语的数形式相吻合。
在系表结构中，谓语通常是一个系动词，用来与主语后的表语相呼应。
下面是有关系表结构谓语单复数形式的详细解释，以及一些例句来帮助理解。
在一般情况下，主语和谓语动词的单复数形式是呼应的。
如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词通常是单数形式；如果主语是复数形式，谓语动词通常是复数形式。
但是，系表结构中的谓语动词一般以主语为准，而不受表语的单复数形式的影响。
例如：- The book is interesting.（这本书很有趣。
）这里的主语book是单数形式，而谓语动词is也是单数形式。
- The books are interesting.（这些书很有趣。
）这里的主语books是复数形式，而谓语动词are也是复数形式。
另外，有一些特殊情况需要注意：1. 带有and连接的主语当主语是由两个或更多个单数名词或代词以and连接而成时，谓语动词通常是复数形式。
例如：- Tom and Jerry are friends.（汤姆和杰里是朋友。
）2. 带有or连接的主语当主语是由两个或更多个单数名词或代词以or连接而成时，谓语动词通常与最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数形式保持一致。
例如：- Either the cat or the dog is in the garden.（要么是猫在花园里，要么是狗在花园里。
）3.主语是不可数名词不可数名词通常被视为单数形式，因此谓语动词也是单数形式。
例如：- Coffee is my favorite drink.（咖啡是我最喜欢的饮料。
）4.主语是人名或称呼词当主语是人名或称呼词时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表示的个体的单复数形式。
例如：- Mary is my friend.（玛丽是我的朋友。
）综上所述，谓语动词的单复数形式在一般情况下是与主语的单复数形式相对应，但在系表结构中，谓语动词一般以主语为准，不受表语的单复数形式的影响。
a of b的谓语单复数
“a of b”结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于b的数。
如果b是可数名词的单数或不可数名词，那么谓语动词应该用单数形式；如果b是可数名词的复数形式，那么谓语动词应该用复数形式。
例如：
a part of b（b为可数名词单数或不可数名词）：The water is 50% of the total amount.（水占总量的50%。
）
a part of b（b为可数名词复数）：Many cars are made up of parts from different manufacturers.（许多汽车是由来自不同制造商的零部件组成的。
）
请注意，如果a和b都是可数名词，并且a和b之间存在一种“整体与部分”的关系，即a包含b，那么谓语动词通常使用复数形式。
例如：“The legs of the table are made of wood.”（桌子的腿是用木头做的。
）。
语法讲解谓语动词的形式
主谓语一致既是谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致.主要依据下列三条原则:
①语法一致:指的是语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式.
②意义一致:从意义上来处理一致关系.有时主语形式为单数,但意义上为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,采取复数形式.有时主语为复数形式,但意义为单数,动词也 用单数.
5.含双数概念的复数名词作主语,谓语用复数.若这类名词前带有" a pair of, two pairs of "等单位词,则以单位词的单复数决定谓语的形式.如:
My new trousers are too loose. My glasses were broken, so I can't see well.
This is the one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
She was the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band乐队.
Most of the steel is produced by the factory.
Half of the story is not true.
Half of the apples are bad.
11.“a number of…, a total of…”结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of…, the total of…”结构作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;如：
More boys than one are swimming there.
3."a +单数+ or two"作主语,谓语用单数; "one or two +复数"作主语,谓语用复数.如:
谓语动词的单复数共27页PPT
6、法律的基础有两个，而且只有两个……公平和实用。——伯克 7、有两种和平的暴力，那就是法律和礼节。——歌德
8、法律就是秩序，有好的法律才有好的秩序。——亚里士多德 9、上帝把法律和公平凑合在一起，可是人类却把它拆开。——查·科尔顿 10、一切法律都是无用的，因为好人用不着它们，而坏人又不会因为它们而变得规矩起来。——德谟耶克斯
谓语动词的单复数Βιβλιοθήκη 谢谢！51、 天 下 之 事 常成 于困约 ，而败 于奢靡 。——陆 游 52、 生 命 不 等 于是呼 吸，生 命是活 动。——卢 梭
53、 伟 大 的 事 业，需 要决心 ，能力 ，组织 和责任 感。 ——易 卜 生 54、 唯 书 籍 不 朽。——乔 特
谓语动词用单数复数的情况
谓语动词用单数的情况1．动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语,谓语用单数;如： Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her. 1987年考研题 To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.2．表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时,谓语用单数; Two weeks was too long Five times five makes twenty five3．一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候,谓语用复数,但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念,谓语用单数： law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉 the needle and thread 针线 trial and error 反复尝试,不断摸索 horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月 bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰,潮涨潮落如： If law and order not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is B. are C. was d. were 答案：A;4．表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式,作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.5．有些名词形式上是复数,意义上是单数,根据意义一致原则动词用单数 The chaos was stopped by the police The news is a great encouragement to us A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend.6．用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候,动词谓语用单数形式 Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man和3同二．谓语用复数情况1．由and, both …and, 连接的并列主语,和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式;Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.2．集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词 The Chinese people are brave and hardworking The cattle are grazing in the sunshine3．当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语,谓语动词用复数形式 The Japanese were once very aggressive4．某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人,做主语时候,谓语动词用复数 The rich are not always selfish5．不可数名词作主语,其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时,谓语动词用复数 Three million tons of coal were exported that year三．谓语动词可用单数,也可以用复数的情况1．就近一致原则这种情况下,谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数,存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：1 由连词either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…;not only…but also ;or 等连接的并列主语 Neither money nor fame has influence on me Not only you but also he is wrong2 在倒装结构中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致 Blocking the open-sided porch, framed by the enveloping fog, stands a tall grave-faced policeman. Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees. Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair, there has been improvement in the facili2．主语带有together/alongwith, such as, accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to , including, together with 等等附加成分,谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致 Professor Taylor , with six of his students ,is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations. The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. 1981年考研题3．关系代词做主语的定语从句中,谓语的数要与先行词一致;如： Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood. 1996年考研题 There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which do not bring a return in money to the community. 1990年考研题4．一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数,名词是复数,谓语动词用复数,反之就用单数;这些短语包括：a lot of /lots of; plenty of/heaps of; half of; two-third three-fourth… of; eightyten, twenty… percent; part of; rest of ; none of 等等 Two-thirds of people present are women Lots of damage was caused by the fire5．集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数,当表示整体时候,谓语动词就用单数,当强调集体中的个体时候,谓语动词就用复数;这些集体名词如：army, audience, band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等 The family is the basic unit of our society The family were watching the TV The audience was enormous The audience were greatly moved at the words6．某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：第一组： a great many + 可数名词复数谓语用复数 a number of + 可数名词复数谓语用复数 the majority of + 可数名词复数谓语用复数第二组； the number of + 可数名词复数谓语用单数 each/every + 可数名词复数谓语用单数 neither/either of + 可数名词复数谓语用单数 one and a half + 可数名词复数谓语用单数第三组； more than one + 可数名词单数谓语用单数 many a + 可数名词单数谓语用单数第四组； the greater part of a large proportion of 50% of one third of plenty of the rest of 谓语的数与of 后面的名词一致第五组；neither…nor…. not only….. but also …… not …..but …… 谓语的数与主语的第二部分即nor/ but also/ but引导的后面部分一致.注意比较： More students than one have been referred toMore than one student is going to buy this book。
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• The team is the best in the league．这个队 在联赛中打得最好。 • The football team are having baths．足球 队队员们在洗澡。 • This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green
teaches it． 这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。 This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them. 这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。
• 5. 以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书 籍、报刊等名称作主语。 maths, mathematics, physics, politics等。 • The United States was founded in 1776. 美 国成立于1776年。 • The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 《天方夜谭》很有趣。 • 6. 表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语， 表达一个整体概念时。 • Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. • （注：如果强调数量，则用复数）
1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books ___to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. When and where to build the new factory ___ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 4. The number of people invited ___fifty, but a number of them ___ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 5. E-mail, as well as telephones, ___ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 6. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
意义一致的原则
（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
3. “kind, sort, pair, type +名词” 作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数 而定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 5. “half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty / 分数、 百分数 + of + 名词”作主语: 谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。
主谓一致
“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、 数等方面应保持一致。 “主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人 称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也 用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数， 谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。 在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则: 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?
1．His family _______ a small one． 2．His family _______ fat and short． A．is，is B．are，are C．is，are
D．are，is
此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和 复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有： team( 队，队员 ) ， class( 班，班上的全体学生 ) ， crowd( 人群 ) ， government( 政府 ) ， crew( 乘务员 ) ， committee( 委员会，委员们 ) ， audience(听众)等：
意义一致的原则
（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
6.The+形容词/分词作主语，指“一类”人或事物时，常用 作复数用；指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作 单数用。 The English speak English. The rejected were heaped in the corner . 废品堆在角 落里。The deceased was his father . The agreeable is not always the useful . 好看的不一 定中用。 The new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。
意义一致的原则
（一）谓语动词为单数的情况 9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。.
意义一致的原则
（二）谓语动词为复数的情况 1. 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out.
2. people , police, cattle 等集体名词作主语。 The police are looking for the missing child.
.
意义一致的原则
（一）谓语动词为单数的情况
3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数 名词作主语。 Each of the students has a book. 4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area..
1. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group 等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成 员用复数。 His family is a great one. His family are music lovers. 2. means, works, sheep等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。 The steel works is near the station. Two new steel works are being built.
就近一致原则
1. 由or , either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的 并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。 Not only he but also I am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. 但注意： “with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than +名词”置 于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. 2. 由there或here引导的句子，主语不止一个词时，谓语动词常 和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。
• 2. Every … and (every)…, each …and (each)… , no …and (no)… , many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语。 • Every desk and every chair is made of wood. • Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. • 注：主语是many a +n.或more than one+n. 时。 • Many a child has gone to see her. • More than one student has tried this.
• 3. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾 的专有名词作主语。 • The Olympic Games are held once every four years. • 4. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语。
意义一致的原则
（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
意义一致的原则
（一）谓语动词为单数的情况
7. 由 any-,some-,every-,no- 和 -one,-thing,-body 等所 构成的不定代词作主语。 8. 非谓语动词（V-ing, to do）、名词性从句作主语。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. Whatever was left was taken away.