斑鱼蛉生物学研究及其资源价值评价

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泰山区域小碎斑鱼蛉生物学研究及其资源价值评价
Abstract
Neochauliodes sparsus (Liu et Yang) belongs to Neochauliodes, Corydalidae, Megaloptera. It is a dominant population of Megaloptera in mount Tai, which is widely distributed in the stream and has a strong ability to adapt for different environments.
4. Protein, amino acid, fat, sugar and ash content were 67.69％, 56.02％, 10.4％, 1.59％ and 7.05％ of dry samples respectively. Furthermore, sampled insects contained 18 essential amino acids, including 8 human essential amino acids, and essential amino acids comprised 45.32% of the total amino acids. The ratio of essential to nonessential amino acids was 82.89%. TRY was the first limiting amino acid in larvae protein. In addition, larvae contained abundant minerals and trace elements, including Ca, P, Fe and Zn. Keywords: Corydalidae, Neochauliodes sparsus (Liu et Yang), biology, resource components, value
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山东农业大学硕士学位论文
oviposit on leaves and rocks in the stream or shoresidea a day later. One week later, the eggs hatched and larvae entered the water. After September 11, the number of adults significantly reduced. During the middle and last ten day of September , overwintering larvae began to gathered in the center of the stream center, no longer climbed to the shore and pupated.
1. By investigating insect resources of Corydalidae in mount Tai, identifying and statistical analysis, two species were collected. They were Neochauliodes sparsus and Protoheres xanthodes , which are belong to Chauliodinae and Corydalinae respectively.
1. 通过对对泰山区域齿蛉科昆虫资源调查，初步鉴定出 2 种，分别是小碎斑鱼蛉 Neochauliodes sparsus 和炎黄星齿蛉 Protoheres xanthodes，分属于鱼蛉亚科 Chauliodinae 和齿蛉亚科 Corydalinae。
2. 小碎斑鱼蛉一生要经过卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫 4 个阶段，是一种完全变态的昆虫。 成虫雄性体长 20～58 mm，前翅长 33～40 mm，后翅长 29～37 mm。雌性体长 20～60 mm，前翅长 37～45 mm，后翅长 33～40 mm。头部黄褐色；前胸黄褐色，前胸背板大 部分浅褐色，中后胸浅褐色；翅透明，浅灰棕色，略带显著暗褐色；腹部黑褐色。雌、 雄虫的主要区别是：雄性触角为栉状，雌性触角为近锯齿状。卵乳白色，长椭圆形，卵 顶端具有 1 细突。幼虫体躯扁平，头部和胸部褐色，背部浅黑色，腹部黑褐色，腹部气 管鳃 8 对。蛹体躯向腹面弯曲，呈“C”字形，体表密被刚毛；头部橙黄色，中后胸两 侧具有翅芽，橙黄色，腹部浅褐色。
2. Neochauliodes sparsus is a holometabolism insect, experiencing egg, larvae, pupae and adult. Male. Body length 20～58 mm; forewing length 33～40 mm, hindwing length 29～37 mm; Famale Body length 20～60 mm; forewing length 37～45 mm, hindwing length 33～40mm. Head yellowish brown; Prothorax yellowish brown; Pronotum mostly pale brown, Mesothorax and metathorax pale brown; Wings hyaline, tinged pale grayish brown, sparsely marked with darker brown; Abdomen blackish brown. The distinction between males and females are: the antenna of males are cirrated, while females was .serrated Egg ivory, oblong, top with 1 fine axon eggs. The Larvae body is flat, head and chest brown, Back light black, abdominal brown and black, Abdominal tracheal gills eight against . The pupal bending to abdominal with a “C” has bristles in surface. The head orange yellow, after both sides have wings bud, chest, abdomen is shallow brown or orange.
3. 小碎斑鱼蛉在泰山 1 年 1 代，以幼虫在水中越冬。6 月中下旬有少数老熟幼虫从 水中爬到岸边在沙土或石块下面做蛹室化蛹，7～8 月大量集中化蛹，1 周后羽化为成虫 破室而出，成虫羽化 1 天后交配产卵，产卵于溪流岸边靠近水面或溪流中露出水面的杂 草叶片和石块上，1 周后卵孵化为幼虫，进入水中。9 月上旬成虫数量明显减少，9 月 中下旬越冬幼虫开始向溪流中心聚集，不再爬向岸边化蛹。
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泰山区域小碎斑鱼蛉生物学研究及其资源价值评价
1引 言
1.1 昆虫资源概述
昆虫具有分布广、种类多、数量大等特点，是一类非常丰富的资源。昆虫体内含有 丰富的蛋白质、油脂和人体所需要的游离氨基酸以及一些具有药用价值的活性物质，具 有较高的开发和利用价值（李文宾，2008）。
4. 小碎斑鱼蛉幼虫干物质中蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、糖类及灰分含量分别为67.69 ％、56.02％、10.4％、1.59％、7.05％，含有18种氨基酸，包括8种人体必需氨基酸，其 必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的45.32%，必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为 82.89%，第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸；此外，还含有Ca、P、Fe、Zn等多种矿物质和微 量元素。 关键词：齿蛉科；小碎斑鱼蛉；生物学；资 源 成 分 ； 营养价值
3. It occours one genetation in year in mount Tai and overwinters as larvae in water. From the middle and last ten day of June, a few old larvae climb to the shore from the water, and make pupa chamber below the sand or rocks. Between July and August, lots of larvae pupated intensively. Adult eclosion happened one week later. Adult began to mate and
小碎斑鱼蛉幼虫俗称爬沙虫，被誉为“虫参”，是一种珍稀的食用、药用昆虫。既 是宴席上的佳肴，又是滋补人体的珍品。
本文在对泰山区域齿蛉科昆虫资源调查的基础上，选择小碎斑鱼蛉为研究对象，从 其形态、主要生物学特性和幼虫资源成分分析及价值评价方面进行了研究，以期为小碎 斑鱼蛉资源的保护与开发利用提供必要的理论依据。
山东农业大学 硕士学位论文 泰山区域小碎斑鱼蛉生物学研究及其资源价值评价 姓名：王付彬 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：农业昆虫与害虫防治 指导教师：刘玉升 2011-06-15
山东农业大学硕士学位论文
中文摘要
小碎斑鱼蛉Neochauliodes sparsus（Liu et Yang）在分类学上隶属于广翅目 Megaloptera，齿蛉科Corydalidae，斑鱼蛉属Neochauliodes，是泰山上分布的广翅目昆虫 的优势种群，在溪流中分布广泛，密度较大，环境适应能力很强。
The larvae of Neochauliodes sparsus whose popular name is pashachong praised as “insectile ginseng” is a rare insects for food and medicinal. It is both a delicacy on the feast and a treasure for nourishing.