翻译3_长句的翻译
2019年翻译篇第三章长句的翻译
(3) It is certain that they will all eventually turn to socialism . 可以肯定他们最后都必将转到社会主义方面来。
练习题
第二节 英语从句的翻译
四、翻译下列英语句子，注意同位语语从句的译法。
(1) I've come from Mr.Smith with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon . 我从史密斯先生那儿来，他让我告诉你他今天下午来不 了了。
练习题
第二节 英语从句的翻译
(9) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country‘s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds .
(6) The question is what a diesel engine is, how it
works and how it differs from a gasoline engine
.
问题是什么是柴油机，它是如何工作的，它和汽油机有 什么不同。
练习题
第二节 英语从句的翻译
(7) The conclusion, drawn in one of the concluding paragraphs, is that American foreign policy goals can be attained by “maintaining a position of strength” . 文章结尾有一段做出的结论是，美国只能通过“保持实力” 才能达到对外政策的目的。
长句翻译
长句翻译长句翻译：1.I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confuse way, if his temper is capricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.我认为，如果一个人思路不清，他写文章也不可能写得清楚；如果他喜怒无常，他的文章就会荒诞不经；如果他思想敏捷，由眼前的事情联想到一百件事情，要是不能尽力约束自己，就会在文章里写满各种各样的比喻。
2.In fancy he saw the trustful, pretty creature who was going to join her life into his; saw himself and her stealing for that night, walking over the moor under the moon, he with his arm round her, and carrying her new garments, till, in some far-off wood, when dawn was coming, she would slip off her old things and put on these, and an early train at a distant station would bear them away on their honeymoon journey, till London swallowed them up, and the dreams of love came true.在想象中，他看见了将要和他共同生活的那个信任的美丽的小东西，看见自己和她偷偷地溜出去，在月光下的荒原上走着，他的胳臂挽着她的腰，手里拿着她的新衣服，直走到一个很远的林子里，那里黎明即将到来，她脱掉旧衣，换上新装，然后，在远处的一个车站，一列早班火车把他俩载上蜜月的旅程，直到伦敦吞没了他们，爱情的美梦变成了现实。
长句的翻译
长句的翻译一、原序翻译1.请你方考虑，今后货物一经订妥，就不可撤销，我们认为，这样才有助于更好地合作。
We should like to have your consideration that, in the future, orders once placed are not to be cancelled afterwards, which we think will be conducive to better cooperation.2.上海针织公司由37个企业组成，生产规模大，且拥有众多的名牌产品，如“菊花牌”、“鹅牌”和“三枪牌”，公司每年的销售额高达13亿人民币。
Shanghai Knitting Corporation is made up of 37 enterprises and enjoys a broad production scale; with several well –known local brands such as “Chrysanthemum ”, “Swan” and “Three Guns”, it has annual sales volume of about 1.3 billion RMB.二、分译1)汉语长句中若有反问句、反诘句或感叹句，英译时往往要分译。
1.盛夏炎热，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不住要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界！No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!2.延安虽然还没有战争，但军队天天在前方打仗，后方也唤工作忙，文章太长，有谁来看呢？Although there is as yet no fighting here in Yen’an, our troops are daily engaged in battle, and the people in the rear are busy at work. If articles are too long, who will read them?2)汉语长句中若有比方句，英译时往往要分译。
(完整版)英语中长句的翻译
Chapter 13 英汉长句的翻译Translation of English Long Sentences1. 何谓长句所谓长句，主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句，亦可指含义较多的简单句。
2、汉英长句比较英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,英语多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。
汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。
英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。
多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。
因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。
3、英语长句的分析在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语（主干/句）, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
例：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
定语从句与长句的翻译
Try to translate: Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. ［译文］行为主义者的看法是：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物又能够发展其适应反应能力的话，那么这个儿童在智力方面将会得到更大的发展。
诚实的人最聪明。
发光的不都是金子。
供给避难所
定语从句
Try to translate: He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
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我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志。
单击此处添加大标题内容
余额
Try to translate: As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her, which made her stop dead. 走到拐弯处，她突然想到了一个新主意，立刻停了下来。 In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention. 在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。 She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere. 她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。
英语长句的翻译方法
长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last gerention or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, andshould want, to do everything that by traditionmen have done at the same time as prettywelleverything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waster their opportunities,there will have to be much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子，这叫分译法。
使用分译法，可以把原句中的一个词，一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
一、把原文中单词译成句子（一）副词1．They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上，但没得逞。
长句的翻译
译文： 由于人民生活水平的不断提高以及计划生育， 中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却又具有实质性的变化， 必须根据这一历史背景考虑人到老年的问题。
分析：这是一个因果句，against 引导一个原因状语从 句。按照汉语先说原因后说结果，先叙述事实后表明 见解的习惯，翻译时需倒译。
【4】Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often wiling to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
down and sending out wireless messages, the lieutenant（中尉） confusedly studying the map to
make out what the messages meant and appealing for aid now and then to the sergeant（中士） .
译文： 这个年轻人走了很远的路之后碰上了一个愚蠢的人，这个 人把一条裤子系在两棵树之间，正在尽全身力气向上跳，想在落 下来时两条腿正好套进两只裤脚里去。
二、逆译法
如果语序跟汉语习惯不同，甚至完全相反时。
2.1 改变定语顺序 （前置到先行词前）
【2】 The battle-scarred old communists who once made stormy revolution unfurled a passionate blueprint today for a modern, peaceful and prosperous China .
长句翻译中英对照
1、Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动；所以，直接的物质生活资料的生产和一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展程度，便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法律的概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基础上发展起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不像过去那样做得正好相反。
英语长句的翻译技巧
英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子，很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。
那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技，希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连，跟汉语相近的长句时，按原句的自然顺序进行翻译，并根据具体情况，适当增加或省略有关的连接词。
例如：例一：Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明，演说过于拖沓，演说者在某一点上讲的太多，或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。
例二：But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。
PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反，要从英语原文的后面译起，自下而上，颠倒次序进行翻译。
一般来说，英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多，所以在翻译实践中，倒译通常要多于顺译。
例一：It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长，那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求，尚不得而知。
汉译英长句翻译
We will follow the principle of "Quality first"and"Client need come first " to better serve our customer.
知识分子是工人阶级中掌握科学文化知识较多的一部分，在改 革开放和现代化建设中有着特殊重要的作用。能不能充分发挥 广大知识分子的才能，在很大程度上决定着我们民族的盛衰和 现代化建设的进程。 现代化建设：modernization construction(drive ,program,strategy)
提高我国的科技水平，必须坚持独立自主、自力更生 的方针。但是，独立自主不是闭关自守，自力更生不 是盲目排外。科学技术是人类共同创造的财富。我们 不仅仅因为今天科技落后才需要向外国学习，即使我 们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平，也还要学习人家 的长处。
In order to improve management level of technology ,we must adhere to the policy of independence and self-reliance . However,independence does not mean close our door to the world,nor does self-reliance mean blind opposition to everything foreign. Technology is a common wealth created by all human.We not merely have to learning from foreign country becouse of backward in science and technology ,but also have to go on studying others' strong points ,even if our science and technology have already catch up with the advanced level
英汉翻译 句子翻译三
句子翻译（三）常见句型的翻译——定语从句的翻译
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I、译成前置定语
一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定语。还有一些 定语从句，虽然并不明显地带有限制性质，但本身较短，和被 修饰语的关系紧密，也可译成前置定语。 1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them.
Translation of Sentences III
句子翻译（三）---常见句型翻译
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常见句型的翻译:
定语从句的翻译
状语从句的翻译 名词性从句的翻译
长句的翻译
句子翻译（三） 常见句型的翻译——定语从句的翻译
定语从句的译法
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Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate translation of attribute clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meaning such as purpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no post-position attributive and there can’t be too many modifiers preceding the modified word. All this causes changes in translating some sentences which contain attributive clauses.
英语长句的翻译
• We hear what they said and view what they did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. • 我们如闻其声,如观其行,如见其人; 我们同情 他们,和他们悲喜与共;他们的感受成为我们 自己的感受,我们觉得仿佛自己是在他们所 描绘的场景中与他们同台扮演着角色.
• It is popular for the fine views from the summit of the mountain. • 从山顶远眺,湖光山色,尽收眼底;这儿风景绝佳,遐迩闻 名. • 译者从最后一个介词短语译起,倒着译到第二个介词短 语,最后才译原句主谓结构. • One could account for what was observed equally well on the theory that the universe had existed forever or on the theory that it was set in motion at some finite time in such a manner as to look as though it had existed forever. • 当时有两种理论摆在大家面前:一种理论认为,宇宙是 一直存在的;另一种理论认为,宇宙是在某个有限的时 刻启动的,但给人的印象却似乎是一直存在的.但是,不 管按照哪种理论,我们都可以很好地解释所观察到的事 实.
英语长句的翻译
顺序法
• Always obey your parents—when they are present. • 父母的话总是要听的---当然是他们在身边的时候. • 这是美国作家马克· 吐温在一次关于学生该不该听从父母的管教的演讲 时,所讲的一句话.它妙就妙在将限定语放在了后面,这其实是对前面忠 告的一种否定. • It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. • 译文一:世间有这样一条公认的真理---凡财产丰厚的单身男人势必想娶 个太太. • 译文二: 有钱的单身汉想娶个太太,这是一条举世公认的真理. • 从句法上看,英语原文可视为 “圆周句”,读者以为作者将郑重其事地 宣告一个举世公认的真理,然而读到最后一个词却出乎意料地发现,所 谓”举世公认的真理,只不过是市侩的庸俗意识而已.翻译Austen这句 名言时,我们应该充分考虑原文的这些特征,即”先庄后谐”. •
状语从句的翻译
• 引导英语状语从句的从属连词,基本上可以 在汉语中找到对应的关联词,但有时不必翻 译,因为引导汉语状语分句的关联词时常省 略.英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活,置于主句 之前或之后均可. • The iron should be stricken while it is hot. 趁热打铁 • If winter comes, can spring be far away? • 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?
长句的翻译
6.Without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of demonic personality, granite will, uncanny instincts, remarkable intellect, soaring imagination and --until the end, when drunk with power and success, he overestimated himself --- an amazing ability to size up people and situations, there would never have been a Third Reich Without Adolf Hitler, there would never have been a Third Reich He was possessed of demonic personality, granite will, uncanny instincts, remarkable intellect, soaring imagination and amazing ability to size up people and situations until the end, when drunk with power and success, he overestimated himself
没有阿道夫 希特勒，就绝不会有第三帝国 他拥有恶魔般的性格，花岗岩般坚强的意志， 不可思议的本领，非凡的智力，深远的想象 力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力 直到最后，他被权利和胜利冲昏了头脑，过 高的估计了自己，最终一败涂地 没有阿道夫 希特勒，就绝不会有第三帝国的 存在。希特勒拥有恶魔般的性格，花岗岩般 坚强的意志，不可思议的本领，非凡的智力， 深远的想象力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。 直到最后，他被权利和胜利冲昏了头脑，过 高的估计了自己，最终一败涂地
英汉翻译-难句长句翻译
倒置( 倒置(Reversing)
I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
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切断或分切( 切断或分切(Cutting)
化整为零,在原句的关系代词,关系副 词,主谓连接处,并列或转折连接处, 后续成分与主体的连接处,以及按意群 切断,译成汉语分句.
That is the single monetary policy which will be discussed at the next European Union Conference. 那就是单一的货币制度,这个货币制度将在下一 届欧洲联盟会议上进行讨论.
虽然它的音质远非完善,但却胜于短波.互联网电 虽然它的音质远非完善,但却胜于短波. 台的出现不仅意味着竞争,同时也提供了机会. 台的出现不仅意味着竞争,同时也提供了机会.
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The BBC is taking the Internet very seriously, for it's a cheap way of getting a reasonable it' quality signal to places in the world that even our short-wave transmitters can't adequately shortcan' reach.
它拥有30多万雇员,是世界电气,电子工业中最大的公司 之一.其1986至1987财政年度销售额为540亿德国马克, (为当时最高水平).
全新版大学英语(第二版)4作文翻译及长句翻译
攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。
师长(division commander)命令我们营(battalion) 夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。
然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地(marshland)。
我们很多人担忧会陷入泥潭之中。
我们营长决定冒一下险。
所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上了冰，我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。
这一下扭转了战局。
敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble . Lucky enough,thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marchland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard , soon surrendered.汽车自从发明以来使交通运输发生了革命性的变化，永远地改变了人们的生活、旅行和办事的方式。
英语长句的翻译方法
长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last generation or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
（2）Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if studentsare not to waste theiropportuniti es,there will have tobe much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
（2）Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
英语翻译长句翻译的译文
Translation Exercises: (长句的翻译3)Sentence translation:1. A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。
2.They aorked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他们制定出一种新方法，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。
3. There are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。
4. There are some metals which posess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化。
5. This type of meter is called a multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.这种仪表称为万用表，用来测量电。
6. Fine grains of dust can reflect blue light, which coars grains of dust cannot.微粒粉尘能反射蓝光，但粗粒粉尘却不能。
7. A solid fuel, like coal or wood, can only burn at the surface, where it comes into contact with the air.固体燃料，如煤和木材，只能在表面燃烧，因为表面接触空气。
8. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我们知道，由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。
汉语长句翻译赏析
3. ①自上了轿 ②进了城 ③从纱窗中瞧瞧 ④其街市 自上了轿, 进了城, 从纱窗中瞧瞧, 之繁华, 人烟之阜盛, 自非别处可比。 之繁华 ⑤人烟之阜盛 ⑥自非别处可比。 译文1: She got into her chair. They carried her through the city wall. She peeped through the gauze panel which served as a window. Streets and buildings could be seen. She noticed that they were richer and more elegant. And throngs of people were also seen who were more lively and numerous than she had ever seen in her life before. 译文2: She got into her chair and was soon carried through the city wall. Peeping through the gauze panel which served as a window, she could see streets more prosperous and throngs of people more numerous than she had ever seen in her life before.
中坡国家森林公园位于湖南省怀化市城区北郊， 中坡国家森林公园位于湖南省怀化市城区北郊， 最近点距城区0.5km，核心景区距市区和火车站 最近点距城区 ， 不到3km。 不到 。 Zhongpo National Forest Park lies in the north outskirt of Huaihua city in Hunan province, with its nearest spot only o.5 km from the downtown and key spot less than 3 kms from the municipal and railway station.
定语从句与长句的翻译
committed these acts and those who harbor them.
• 对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他们的人，我们都将严惩不贷。
• Try to translate:
• He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. • 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 • Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. • 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 • His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. • 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
• 他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功 的关键。
• （二）省略先行词
• He received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. • 他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。
• Try to translate:
• （三）译成表示“条件”的分句
• People become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. • 人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生 活就行。
• （七）译成表示“转折”的分句
• She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. • 她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。
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• 2) In pursuance of this aim the author has considered it desirable to quote extensively from the works of the mathematicians of past days, for in that way alone can a just appraisal of the great difficulties under which they laboured be made. • 参考译文：为此目的，作者认为不妨从 参考译文：为此目的， 过去的数学家的著作中大量摘引。 过去的数学家的著作中大量摘引。唯有 如此， 如此，才能对他们所经历的巨大困难做 出正确的评价。 出正确的评价。
• 参考译文：虽然中性物体本身是不带电的， 参考译文：虽然中性物体本身是不带电的， 但对于带电体来说，它并非中性； 但对于带电体来说，它并非中性；当这两 个物体彼此接近时， 个物体彼此接近时，就会产生极性相反的 电荷的作用。 电荷的作用。这就是中性物体被带电体吸 引的原因。 引的原因。
• The resistance of any length of a conducting wire is easily measured by finding the potential difference in volts between its ends when a known current is flowing. • 参考译文：已知导线中的电流，只要 参考译文：已知导线中的电流， 求出导线两端电位差的伏特数，就不 求出导线两端电位差的伏特数， 难测出任何长度的导线的电阻。 难测出任何长度的导线的电阻。
参考译文
长句拆译方法3： 长句拆译方法 ：逆序法 由于英语惯用前置性陈述， 由于英语惯用前置性陈述，先果后 而汉语相反，一般先因后果， 因；而汉语相反，一般先因后果， 层层递进，最后综合，点出主题。 层层递进，最后综合，点出主题。 由此遇到此类句子， 由此遇到此类句子，应当先译全句 的后部，再依次向前，拟序译出。 的后部，再依次向前，拟序译出。
长句拆译方法1:分译法 长句拆译方法 分译法
英文原句包含多层含义， 英文原句包含多层含义，为了行文
简洁， 简洁，将整个长句译成几个独立的 句子，顺序基本不变， 句子，顺序基本不变，保持前后的 联贯。 联贯。
长句拆译方法2 长句拆译方法 变序法 • The reason that a neutral body is attracted by a charged body is that, although the neutral body is neutral within itself, it is not neutral with respect to the charge body, and the two bodies act as if oppositely charged when brought near each other. 参考译文
长句拆译时要遵循的原则
分清层次，突出重点。 分清层次，突出重点。 逻辑严密，前后呼应。 逻辑严密，前后呼应。
END
• The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc. • 参考译文：一个结构物受到的载荷可分 参考译文： 为静载与活载两类。 为静载与活载两类。静载包括该结构各 部分的重量。 部分的重量。活载则是由于人及可移动 设备等的重量而引起的荷载。 设备等的重量而引起的荷载。
• 参考译文：交流机不受这种限制，唯一 参考译文：交流机不受这种限制， 的要求是相对移动，而且由于固定电枢 的要求是相对移动， 及旋转磁场系统具有许多优点， 及旋转磁场系统具有许多优点，这种安 排是所有容量超过几千伏安的同步机的 标准做法。 标准做法。
分译法 变序法 逆序法 顺序法
Excercises
• 1) In reality, the lines of division between science are becoming blurred, and science is again approaching the “unity” that it had two centuries ago － although the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it.
专业英语翻译(5) 专业英语翻译 －长句的翻译
科技英语中大量使用后置定语、各种短 科技英语中大量使用后置定语、 语和复杂结构形成长句结构。 语和复杂结构形成长句结构。
长句拆译方法1 长句拆译方法 化整为零， 化整为零，分译法 • The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc. 参考译文
• The reason that a neutral body is attracted by a charged body is that, although the neutral body is neutral within itself, it is not neutral with respect to the charge body, and the two bodies act as if oppositely charged when brought near each other.
stationary：固定的 参考译文 armature:电枢 电枢 rotating field system:旋转磁场系统 旋转磁场系统
长句拆译法4：顺序法 长句拆译法4 英文原句结构的顺序与汉语相同， 英文原句结构的顺序与汉语相同， 层次分明， 层次分明，译成汉语时顺序推进即 可。
长句拆译法
长句拆译方法2： 长句拆译方法 ：变序法 英文原句的结构复杂， 英文原句的结构复杂，可按汉语习 惯由远及近的顺序从中间断句， 惯由远及近的顺序从中间断句，层 层展开，最后画龙点睛，突出主题。 层展开，最后画龙点睛，突出主题。
长句拆译方法3 长句拆译方法 逆序法 • The resistance of any length of a conducting wire is easily measured by finding the potential difference in volts between its ends when a known current is flowing.
长句拆译法4 长句拆译法4 顺序法
• No such limitation is placed on an alternating-current machine; here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard practice for all synchronous machine rated above a few kilovoltamperes.
• No such limitation is placed on an alternating-current machine; here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard practice for all synchronous machine rated above a few kilovolt-amperes.
• 参考译文：虽然现在积累的知识要多得多， 参考译文：虽然现在积累的知识要多得多， 而且任何个人也只可望了解其中的一小部 分；但是事实上，各学科之间的界限却变 但是事实上， 得模糊不清， 得模糊不清，科学再次近似于两百年前那 样的“单一整体” 样的“单一整体”。
• 2) In pursuance of this aim the author has considered it desirable to quote extensively from the works of the mathematicians of past days, for in that way alone can a just appraisal of the great difficulties under which they laboured be made. appraisal：评价 ：
Hale Waihona Puke • In reality, the lines of division between science are becoming blurred, and science is again approaching the “unity” that it had two centuries ago － although the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it.