Systematic Study of Hadronic Observables in Nucleus Nucleus Collisions at CERN SPS

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听觉剥夺大鼠听皮层BDNF和TrkB的表达变化

ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｂｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｃｏｃｈｌｅａｒａｂｌａｔｉｏｎｗｈｉｌｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｇｒｏｕｐｄｉｄｎｏｔ．ＡＤｍｏｄｅｌｗａｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｂｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｃｏｃｈｌｅａｒａｂｌａ — ｔｉｏｎｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｒｅｔｒｏａｕｒｉｃｕｌａｒｉｎｃｉｓｉｏｎ．Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｒｅａｌ —ｔｉｍｅｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ（ＲＴ— ＰＣＲ）ａｎｄｉｍｍｕｎｏ —
ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄｎｅｕｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＢＤＮＦ）和其功能性受体酪氨酸激酶Ｂ（ｔｒｏｐｏｍｙｏｓｉｎｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｋｉｎａｓｅＢ，ＴｒｋＢ）与听皮层可塑性的关系。方法４８只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组，每组２４只，采用耳后切口暴露听泡并打开，实验
ｔｒｏｐｏｍｙｏｓｉｎｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｋｉｎａｓｅＢ（ＴｒｋＢ）ａｎｄｔｈｅｐｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙｏｆａｕｄｉｔｏｒｙｃｏｒｔｅｘ（ＡＣ）ｉｎａｕｄｉｔｏｒｙｄｅｐｒｉｖａｔｉｏｎ（ＡＤ）ｆｏａｎ —

TheNewcastle-OttawaScale（NOS）forAssessingthe…

a) study controls for ___________ (select the most important factor) ♦ b) study controls for any additional factor (This criteria could be modified to
Development: Identifying Items
• Identify ‘high’ quality choices with a ‘star’
• A maximum of one ‘star’ for each item within the ‘Selection’ and ‘Exposure/Outcome’ categories; maximum of two ‘stars’ for ‘Comparability’
2. Representativeness of the cases a) consecutive or obviously representative series of cases ♦ b) potential for selection biases or not stated
3. Selection of Controls a) community controls ♦ b) hospital controls c) no description
Selection
1. Is the case definition adequate? a) yes, with independent validation ♦ b) yes, eg record linkage or based on self reports c) no description
Bias and Confounding

2020中国动态血压监测指南

摘要高血压是心脑血管疾病的重要危险因素。

动态血压监测已成为识别和诊断高血压、评估心脑血管疾病风险、评估降压疗效、指导个体化降压治疗不可或缺的检测手段。

本指南对2015年发表的《动态血压监测临床应用专家共识》进行了更新，详细介绍了动态血压计的选择与监测方法、动态血压监测的结果判定与临床应用、动态血压监测的适应证、特殊人群动态血压监测、社区动态血压监测应用以及动态血压监测临床应用展望，旨在指导临床实践中动态血压监测的应用。

关键词动态血压监测；血压管理；指南；高血压2020 Chinese Hypertension League Guidelines on Ambulatory Blood Pressure MonitoringWriting Group of the 2020 Chinese Hypertension League Guidelines on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.Corresponding Author: WANG Jiguang, Email: jiguangwang@2020中国动态血压监测指南中国高血压联盟《动态血压监测指南》委员会指南与共识AbstractHypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has become an indispensable technique for the detection of hypertension, risk assessment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, therapeutic monitoring, and guidance of the individualized treatment. Based on the “2015 expert consensus on the clinical use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring”, the current guideline updates recommendations on the major issues of ABPM, such as the device requirements and methodology, interpretation of the reported results, clinical indications, application on special populations, the utility in the community and future perspectives. It aims to guide the clinical application practice of ABPM in China.Key words ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; blood pressure management; guideline; hypertension(Chinese Circulation Journal, 2021, 36: 313.)高血压是心脑血管疾病的重要危险因素，与心脑血管疾病发病和死亡密切相关[1-3]。

克劳德·麦凯《回到哈莱姆》中的跨国书写

克劳德•麦凯《回到哈莱姆》中的跨国书写舒进艳内容摘要：克劳德•麦凯的《回到哈莱姆》描摹了20世纪早期的黑人跨国体验。

学界主要阐释了作者个人的跨国经历与黑人国际主义思想对小说塑造主要人物的影响，而忽视了小说中副线主人公雷的国籍及其旅居哈莱姆的意义。

雷的跨国移民经历既再现了麦凯的复杂跨国情感与认同经历，又观照了哈莱姆作为流散非裔移居的理想家园与城市黑人社区所承载的空间意涵。

论文提出哈莱姆具有三个维度，作为移民唤起历史记忆的地理空间、建构跨国身份的政治空间及容纳差异的多元文化空间，并考察移民在跨国流动中历经的现代性体验，以此揭示他们通过改变既定身份与重新定义自我而竭力摆脱传统的民族、种族和阶级观念的束缚与身份认同的困惑，从而参与到美国城市的种族空间生产中。

关键词：克劳德•麦凯；《回到哈莱姆》；跨国书写基金项目：本文系国家社会科学重大项目“美国文学地理的文史考证与学科建构”（项目编号：16ZDA197）；天津市研究生科研创新项目“美国新现实主义小说的跨国空间研究”（项目编号：19YJSB039）的阶段性研究成果。

作者简介：舒进艳，南开大学外国语学院博士研究生、喀什大学外国语学院副教授，主要从事美国文学研究。

Title: Claude Mckay’s Transnational Writing in Home to HarlemAbstract: Claude McKay’s Home to Harlem depicts the black transnational experience of the early 20th century. Academics mainly studied the influence of McKay’s personal transnational experience and black internationalist thinking on his main character, but neglected the minor plot’s protagonist Ray and his nationality, and the significance of his sojourn in Harlem. Ray’s transnational migration experience not only embodies McKay’s complex transnational feeling and identity experience, but also reflects Harlem’s spatial significance as an ideal home for African diaspora and urban black community. The paper aims to examine Caribbean immigrants’ experience of modernity in Harlem which is interpreted as the geographic space for immigrants to evoke historical memories, the political space for constructing transnational identities and the multicultural space for accommodating differences. It is to prove that they manage to extricate themselves from the shackles of traditional concepts of nation, race and class and their confusion of identity by changing their established identity and redefining themselves, and thus participate in the production of racial space in American cities.60Foreign Language and Literature Research 2 (2021)外国语文研究2021年第2期Key words: Claude Mckay; Home to Harlem; transnational writingAuthor: Shu Jinyan is Ph. D. candidate at College of Foreign Languages, Nankai University (Tianjin, 300071, China), associate professor at School of Foreign Studies, Kashi University (Kashi 844000, China). Her major academic research interest includes American literature. E-mail: ******************1925年，阿伦•洛克在《新黑人》选集中将哈莱姆描述为一个国际化的文化之都，视其重要性堪比欧洲新兴民族国家的首都。

Kryazhimskiy_eta...

3 JUNE 2011 VOL 332 SCIENCE 1160PERSPECTIVESPropagating bacteria in a lab f or thousands of genera-tions may seem tedious, oreven irrelevant, to most evolution-ary biologists. Nonetheless, such experiments provide an opportunity to deduce quantitative principles ofevolution and directly test them in controlled environments. Combined with modern sequencing technolo-gies, as well as theory, recent micro-bial experiments have suggested a critical role for genetic interactions among mutations, called epistasis, in determining the pace of evolution. T wo papers in this issue, by Khan et al . on page 1193 ( 1) and Chou et al . ( 2) on page 1190, present precise experimental measurements of these epistatic interactions.Microbial evolution experiments in a simple, constant environmentreveal a characteristic pattern: At ﬁ rst, a population rapidly acquires benef icial mutations, but then adaptation progressively slows sothat thousands of generations pass between subsequent beneﬁ cial substitutions ( 3). Unexpected outcomes, however, can and do occur even in these simple experimental conditions. Populations evolve a dramatically elevated mutation rate ( 4), discover rare phe-notypic innovations ( 5), or diverge into dis-tinct lineages that either coexist ( 6) or com-pete vigorously as each strain races to acquire more adaptive mutations ( 7). Recent theory suggests that a common cause underlies all these phenomena: the structure of epistatic interactions among mutations.Epistasis describes how the ﬁ tness conse-quence of a mutation depends on the status of the rest of the genome. In one extreme exam-ple, called sign epistasis, a mutation may be beneﬁ cial if it arises on one genetic back-ground, but detrimental on another. Although interactions among genes may seem an obvi-ous fact of biology, the myriad possible forms of epistasis have made it difﬁ cult to formu-late predictive evolutionary models or to infer such interactions from empirical data. Nev-ertheless, epistasis is at the heart of classi-cal theories, such as the evolution of sex ( 8), and also of modern concepts such as robust-ness and evolvability (a population’s ability to evolve) ( 9). Moreover, recent theoretical work ( 10) suggests that the overall dynami-cal pattern of adaptation observed in long-term microbial experiments can be explained by a prevalence of what is called antagonistic epistasis, in which beneﬁ cial mutations con-fer less beneﬁ t in combination than they do individually.To quantify epistasis among benef icial mutations and to test these theoretical predic-tions, both Khan et al . and Chou et al . exam-ined the initial substitutions that occurred in populations of bacteria adapting in the labo-ratory. The researchers identiﬁ ed the hand-ful of mutations across the genome that had substituted in an evolved strain, and then con-structed intermediate strains containing com-binations of these mutations. By measuringthe ﬁ tness beneﬁ ts conferred by these muta-tions, individually and in combination, the researchers were able to directly quantify the extent and form of epistasis (see the ﬁ gure).Both studies found a predominance of antagonistic epistasis, which impeded the rate of ongoing adaptation relative to a null model of independent mutational eff ects. Chou et al . further interpreted the prevalence of antagonistic epistasis in terms of meta-bolic costs and beneﬁ ts. The concordance of results from the two studies is noteworthy, especially because Khan et al . analyzed Esch-erichia coli populations [from the long-term experiments of Lenski ( 3)], whereas Chou et al . studied an engineered strain of Methylo-bacterium extorquens . The remarkable preci-sion with which both studies quantiﬁ ed epis-tasis among beneﬁ cial mutations was made possible only by leveraging whole-genome sequencing combined with the ability to reconstruct mutational combinations andassay them in the same environment in whichthe mutations ﬁ rst arose.The view of epistasis across a genome that emerges from this work contrasts sharply In Evolution, the Sum Is Less than Its PartsEVOLUTIONSergey Kryaz himskiy ,1,2 Jeremy A. Draghi ,1 Joshua B. Plotkin 1Laboratory experiments with bacteria shedlight on how epistatic interactions inﬂ uence the pace of evolution.Ancestor strain Adapted strain Reconstruct intermediates Evolves in labDiminishing returns Fitness W abFitness W b Fitness W a 1st mutation 2nd mutation 3rdmutation F i t n e s sAntagonistic epistasis W ab < W a • W b Antagonistic epistasis. Bacteria adapt to a laboratory environment by acquiring beneﬁ cial mutations. Khan et al . and Chou et al . identiﬁ ed the mutations that accrued in an adapted strain, and measured their ﬁ tness beneﬁ ts (growth advantage relative to the ancestor). The mutations conferred smaller marginal beneﬁ ts in combination than they didindividually. This antagonistic epistasis causes progressively slower rates of adaptation over time.C R E D I T : A D A P T E D B Y P . H U E Y /S C I E N C E1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Phila-delphia, PA 19103, USA. 2Department of Organismic andEvolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138,USA.E-mail:******************.eduPublished by AAASo n J u n e 2, 2011w w w .s c i e n c e m a g .o r g D o w n l o a d e d f r o mPERSPECTIVESwith the type of epistasis found among adap-tive mutations within a single protein ( 11). Notably, Weinreich et al. studied mutations in an antibiotic resistance gene, β-lactamase, and found a prevalence of sign epistasis, which limits the number of genetic paths that evolution can follow ( 11). In contrast, the epistasis documented by Khan et al. and Chou et al. exerts less constraint on the order of substitutions that increase ﬁ tness, so that the speciﬁ c path that evolution will take is less predictable. At the same time, the pre va-lence of antagonistic epistasis measured by the two groups ensures a predictable tempo of adaptation characterized by diminishing marginal returns ( 10).Although these new experiments suggest a consistent principle of how epistasis shapes the pattern of adaptation, many questions must be answered before their results can be extended to evolution outside the labora-tory. It remains unclear, for instance, whether these results would be altered by changing fundamental evolutionary parameters, such as population size, rate of mutation, and rate of re combination. Likewise, it is uncle ar whether experiments in simple environments,with only one or a few niches for coexistingstrains, will reﬂ ect the pattern of adaptation inmore complex ecologies, such as Pseudomo-nas ﬂ uorescens in structured environments( 6). Nonetheless, the compelling consistencybe twe e n the se two studie s should inspireefforts to test the generality of their ﬁ ndings,by measuring epistasis in a wide range ofexperimental and even natural systems.These studies, and the long-term labora-tory evolution experiments from which theyderive, represent a resounding achievementfor the reductionist approach to studyingbiology. The mechanistic picture they paintof evolution is complex but not incompre-hensible; although epistatic interactions leadto surprising phenomena, the advantagesof a frozen “fossil record” of laboratory-raised isolates, and the ease of manipulat-ing—and, now, fully sequencing—evolvedstrains enables researchers to tease apart andexamine the underlying causes of these phe-nomena. Moreover, the theory and conceptsdeveloped to explain these simple experi-me nts may have broad payoffs. Alre ady,epistasis has been implicated in the evolu-tion of drug resistance in inﬂ uenza viruses( 12) and in bacterial pathogens ( 13). Ulti-mately, populations of bacteria tediouslypropagated in the lab may be key to predict-ing the next moves of the most mutable anddangerous human pathogens.References1. A. I. Khan, D. M. Dinh, D. Schneider, R. E. Lenski, T. F.Cooper, Science332, 1193 (2011).2. H.-H. Chou, H.-C. Chiu, N. F. Delaney, D. Segrè, C. J.Marx, Science332, 1190 (2011).3. S. F. Elena, R. E. Lenski, Nat. Rev. Genet.4, 457 (2003).4. P. D. Sniegowski, P. J. Gerrish, R. E. Lenski, Nature387,703 (1997).5. Z. D. Blount, C. Z. Borland, R. E. Lenski, Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. U.S.A.105, 7899 (2008).6. P. B. Rainey, M. Travisano, Nature394, 69 (1998).7. R. J. Woods et al., Science331, 1433 (2011).8. A. S. Kondrashov, Nature336, 435 (1988).9. G. P. Wagner, L. Altenberg, Evolution50, 967 (1996).10. S. Kryazhimskiy, G. Tkačik, J. B. Plotkin, Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. U.S.A.106, 18638 (2009).11. D. M. Weinreich, N. F. Delaney, M. A. Depristo, D. L.Hartl, Science312, 111 (2006).12. J. D. Bloom, L. I. Gong, D. Baltimore, Science328, 1272(2010).13. S. Trindade et al., PLoS Genet.5, e1000578 (2009).10.1126/science.1208072Behavior and the Dynamic Genome GENOMICSAlison M. Bell 1,3 and Gene E. Robinson 2,3Does behavior evolve through gene expression changes in the brain in response to the environment?W he n circumstance s change, an organism’s ﬁ rst response is oftenbehavioral. But how does adap-tive behavior evolve, given that it requires constant and often instantaneous interac-tions between an individual and its environ-ment? The dominant view emphasizes new random DNA mutation as the starting point. This may lead to behavioral variation. If the resulting variants have different ﬁ tness values, then natural selection could result in behavioral evolution through changes in allele frequencies across generations. An alternative theory proposes environmentally induced change in an organism’s behavior as the starting point ( 1), and “phenotypic plas-ticity” that is inherited across generations through an unspeciﬁ ed process of “genetic assimilation” ( 2). Despite numerous exam-ples ( 3), the latter as a driver of behavioralevolution has never been widely accepted,perhaps as a reaction against Lamarckian-ism—the idea that characteristics acquiredby habit, use, or disuse can be passed onacross ge ne rations. Howe ve r, be havioralgenetics and genomics, especially for ani-mals in natural populations, lend some plau-sibility to the phenotypic plasticity view.The ability to analyze genome-wide geneexpression through “transcriptomics” hasshown that the genome responds dynami-cally to stimuli ( 4). One illustrative exam-ple is the honey bee. The African honey bee(Apis mellifera scutellata) responds muchmore ﬁ ercely when its hive is attacked thando other subspecies of honey bee. Evolu-tionary changes in brain gene expressionmay have resulted in an increase in respon-siveness to alarm pheromone (the chemicalbees use to alert each other to danger) forAfrican honey bees ( 5). About 10% of thesame genes regulated in the brain by alarmpheromone are also differentially expressedbe twe e n African and the le ss aggre ssiveEuropean honey bees. These genes, actingover both physiological and evolutionarytime scales, provide a possible mechanismfor how behavioral plasticity might driverapid behavioral evolution through changesin gene regulation. In an environment withmore predators, colonies producing morebees with lower thresholds for respondingto alarm pheromone would have fared bet-ter, which would then result in a popula-tion with patterns of gene expression whoseoutput was an “aroused” behavior, even inthe absence of alarm pheromone. Althoughthis view does not rule out the possibilitythat these differences in aggression arosethrough new mutation, the transcriptomicsagrees with the idea of “genetic accommo-dation” ( 3), the modern, more inclusive ver-sion of genetic assimilation, which couldinvolve e ithe r e volutionary incre ase s ordecreases in plasticity. In certain environ-ments, plastic genotypes might be favored,but in other environments, nonplastic gen-otypes might be preferred instead. Futurestudies will determine whether differencesin honey bee aggression can be explainedby selection on regulatory regions of the1Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA. 2Department of Ento-mology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA. 3Neuroscience Program, Program in Ecology, Evolution-ary Biology and Conservation, Institute for Genomic Biology,University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.E-mail:******************.eduPublished by AAAS o n J u n e 2 , 2 0 1 1 w w w . s c i e n c e m a g . o r g D o w n l o a d e d f r o m SCIENCE VOL 332 3 JUNE 20111161。

豚鼠形觉剥夺早期后极部巩膜基质金属蛋白酶2及其抑制剂动态表达

的表达与正常对照组、自身对照组差异均有统计学意义（００）ＭＰ＜，５，Ｄ组间差异也有统计学意义（００）Ｐ＜．１；
而ＴＭＰ２ｍＮＩ一ＲＡ的表达则逐渐下降。各自身对照组ＭＭＰ２ＴＭ－ＲＡ的表达与ＭＤ组变化趋势大致相－、ＩＰ２ｍＮ
Ｅｒｙｅｐｅｓｎｏｔｉｔｌｐｏｅｎｓ－ｎｓｔｓｅｉｈｂｔｒｉｈｏｔｒｏｂｏｓｓｌｒｆｇｉｅｉａｌｘｒｓｉｆｍａｒｘｍｅａｌｒｔｉａｅ２ａｄｉｉｕｉｉｔｅｐｓｅｉｒｆｒｕｃｅａｏｕｎａｐｇｏｏｔｓｎｏｎｉ
同。结论ＭＭ－／Ｉ－间动态平衡失调可能是启动豚鼠ＦＭ巩膜细胞外基质早期主动重塑的重要因Ｐ２ＴＭＰ２之Ｄ素。（中国跟耳鼻喉科杂志，００１：５７）２１，０７ —８
【关键词】近视；形觉剥夺；巩膜重塑；基质金属蛋白酶２基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂２豚鼠；；
ｅｃｕｅｉｗａｅｍｎｃｌｅｒａｏ（）ａ１４７１ｎ１ａｓｅｔｅｄｃＤｔｅｅｙａｈｇｉａｐｇａｍｄｏｏｕａｄｐｖｔｎＭＤｔ，，，ａｄ２ｙｒｐｃｉｌｔｉｕｅＦＭ，ｈｆｅｅｎｓｒｉｉ４ｄｅｖｙｏｎｌｔ
为５组，眼形觉剥夺（ｏｏｕａｄｐｖｔｎＭＤ）单ｍｎｃｌｅｒａｏ，ｒｉｉ右眼１４７１、１ｄ、、、４２制备ＦＭ动物模型，Ｄ未遮盖眼为自身对照组。各组豚鼠进行检影验光和Ａ超测量眼轴长度。提取后极部巩膜总ＲＡ，步法逆转录聚合酶链反应检Ｎ二测各组后极部巩膜ＭＭＰ２及ＴＭＰ２ｍＲＡ的表达水平。结果－Ｉ－Ｎ除１ｄ外，各组ＭＤ后极部巩膜ＭＭＰ２ｍＮ．ＲＡ

索绪尔英文简介

Biography
• 1891 teaching Sanskrit and historical linguistics at the University of Geneva for the remainder of his life.
• 1907 teaching the Course of General Linguistics, which he would offer three times, ending in the summer of 1911.
Works
• Course in General Linguistics （Cours de linguistique générale ）《普通语言学教程》
Members: Li Shuang Liu Zhitian Ma Qing
Main Viewpoints
• Signifier and Signified 语言的能指与所指
The signifier is the pointing finger, the word, the sound-image.
The signified is the concept, the meaning, the thing indicated by the signifier.
• He is widely considered one of the fathers of 20th century linguistics.
Biography
• 1857 born in Geneva
• 1875-1876 studying physics and chemistry at the University of Geneva (日内瓦大学)

IB Biology SL. IB生物标准课程词汇. Glossary_of_terms_for_biology_SL_at_CAIS

5.1.3
Distinguish betweenconsumers,
detritivoresandsaprotrophs.
Consumer: an organism that ingests other organic matter that is living or recently killed.
Glossary of terms for biology SLat CAIS.
The following are the definitions you will need to know during the IB biology course. Some of these definitions correspond to the command term “define” whereas others correspond to different command terms such as “state”, “outline” and “distinguish” where you may need a specific definition or concept.
5.1.2
Distinguish betweenautotrophand
heterotroph.
Autotroph: an organism that synthesizes its organic molecules from simple inorganic substances.
Heterotroph: an organism that obtains organic molecules from other organisms.
Detritivore: an organism that ingests non-living organic matter.

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses：系统综述和Meta分析

• Founded 1993
Canadian Cochrane Network & Centre
CC built on 10 Principles
• collaboration • building on the enthusiasm of individuals • avoiding duplication • minimizing bias • keeping up to date • striving for relevance • promoting access • ensuring quality • continuity • enabling wide participation
Davidoff F et al. (1995) EBM; A new journal to help doctors identify the information they need. BMJ 310:1085-86.
Hale Waihona Puke Statistical Quality of Medical Research gets low marks!
The Cochrane Collaboration - origins
• Archie Cochrane – “It is surely a great criticism of our profession that we have not organized a critical summary, by specialty or subspecialty, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomized controlled trials.”
Most studies are too small

1982年诺贝尔生理学医学奖

1982年诺贝尔生理学医学奖
—关于前列腺素和有关活性物质的发现
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982
"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Sune K. Bergström – Autobiography
I was born January 10th, 1916 in Stockholm, Sweden. 1944 1946 - 47 1947 - 58 1958 - 80 1963 - 66 D. Med. Sci., Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Research Fellowship, Basel University, Basel Professor of Physiological Chemistry, The University of Lund, Lund Professor of Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Dean of the Medical Faculty, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Rector of Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Chairman of the Board of Directors, The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine,Stockholm President of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

布地格福联合泛福舒改善稳定期COPD患者肺功能的临床研究

布地格福联合泛福舒改善稳定期COPD 患者肺功能的临床研究王杨广，麦景亮，张建平台山市第二人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科，广东台山529224【摘要】目的研究布地格福联合泛福舒改善稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能的临床效果。

方法选取2021年6月至2022年10月期间台山市第二人民医院收治的80例稳定期COPD 患者作为研究对象，按随机数表法将患者分为联合组和对照组各40例。

对照组患者采用布地格福治疗，联合组患者采用布地格福联合泛福舒治疗，两组患者均连续治疗3个月。

比较两组患者的治疗效果，治疗前及治疗1个月、2个月、3个月后的肺功能指标[第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV 1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV 1/FVC]，治疗前后的免疫球蛋白指标[免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、免疫球蛋白M (IgM)]和治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。

结果联合组患者的治疗总有效率为95.00%，明显高于对照组患者的75.00%，差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)；治疗前，两组患者的FEV 1、FVC 、FEV 1/FVC 比较差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)，治疗1个月、2个月、3个月后，两组患者的FEV 1、FVC 、FEV 1/FVC 均明显升高，且联合组明显高于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义(P <0.05)；治疗前，两组患者的IgA 、IgG 、IgM 比较差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)，治疗后，两组患者的IgA 、IgG 、IgM 均升高，且联合组患者的IgA 、IgG 、IgM 水平分别为(2.32±0.42)g/L 、(13.06±2.48)g/L 、(1.96±0.21)g/L ，明显高于对照组的(1.76±0.38)g/L 、(9.82±2.56)g/L 、(1.68±0.34)g/L ，差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)；联合组患者的不良反应总发生率为22.50%，略低于对照组的30.00%，但差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。

BS3交联分析β淀粉样蛋白的寡聚结构

BS3交联分析β淀粉样蛋白的寡聚结构石镜明;贺学;廉会娟;吴涛;武美娜;孙正启【摘要】使用交联剂双琥珀酰亚胺辛二酸酯磺酸钠盐(Bis (sulfosuccinimidyl),BS3)对Aβ1-42进行交联,通过与之前报道的戊二醛交联进行比较分析,可以看出BS3更适合分析蛋白的寡聚状态,这将为Aβ蛋白及类似的易聚集蛋白在体内、外研究提供很好的参考.%An agent namedbis(sulfosuccinimidyl) (BS3) is used to cross-link Aβpared with glutaraldehyde which was previously reported as an Aβ cross-linking agent,it is not difficult to find that BS3 is more suitable for the analysis of protein in extra-membrane Aβ oligomers states,which will provide a good experimental me thod to analyze Aβ protein and similar easy aggregation protein in vivo and vitro studies.【期刊名称】《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》【年(卷),期】2017(047)002【总页数】5页(P222-226)【关键词】双琥珀酰亚胺辛二酸酯磺酸钠盐(BS3);β淀粉样蛋白;寡聚体【作者】石镜明;贺学;廉会娟;吴涛;武美娜;孙正启【作者单位】西藏民族大学医学院/高原环境与疾病相关基因研究实验室,陕西咸阳712082;西藏民族大学医学院/高原环境与疾病相关基因研究实验室,陕西咸阳712082;西藏民族大学医学院/高原环境与疾病相关基因研究实验室,陕西咸阳712082;西藏民族大学医学院/高原环境与疾病相关基因研究实验室,陕西咸阳712082;西藏民族大学医学院/高原环境与疾病相关基因研究实验室,陕西咸阳712082;西藏民族大学医学院/高原环境与疾病相关基因研究实验室,陕西咸阳712082【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q518.4AD是老年性痴呆症中常见的型式,目前全世界大约2420万AD患者,预计每20年将翻一番,中国照料痴呆的直接花费大约为每年28亿美元[1-2]。

《果蝇唾腺染色体的制备及观察》实验综述报告

DOI：10.16661/ki.1672-3791.2020.17.204《果蝇唾腺染色体的制备及观察》实验综述报告①叶玉娟宁丙乾陈艳荣(黄山学院生命与环境科学学院安徽黄山 245041)摘要：该文阐述了本科院校遗传学实验课程中难度较大的《果蝇唾腺染色体的制备及观察》实验，从培养材料起，对唾腺的剥离、解离、染色、压片，再到观察唾腺染色体的实验步骤和注意事项都进行了详细的叙述。

该实验对本科院校生物学专业学生具有非常重要的意义，不仅能帮助学生掌握剥离果蝇幼虫唾腺的关键技术，也使学生更直观地了解到多线染色体的形态特征和遗传学特征。

关键词：唾腺染色体染色实验综述中图分类号：Q243 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-3791(2020)06(b)-0204-02Abstract:This paper describes the experiment of "preparation and observation of salivary gland chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster", which is very diff icult in the course of genetics experiment in undergraduate colleges.From the point of culture materials, the experiment steps and precautions of salivary gland chromosome observation are described in detail. This experiment is of great signif icance to biology students of undergraduate colleges. It can not only help students master the key technology of stripping salivary gland of Drosophila larvae, but also help students understand the morphological and genetic characteristics of multiline chromosomes more directly.Key Words: Salivary gland chromosome; Dyeing; Experimental overview1 实验目的（1）掌握剥离果蝇幼虫唾腺的技术，并学习制作果蝇唾腺染色体标本的方法。

非等位基因

非等位基因概述非等位基因是指同一基因座上的不同等位基因。

等位基因是指在某个给定的基因座上，可以存在多种不同的变体。

每个个体继承了一对等位基因，一对等位基因可能会导致不同的表型表达。

非等位基因的存在使得遗传学研究更加复杂，因为不同的等位基因会对个体的表型产生不同的影响。

背景在生物学中，基因座是指染色体上一个特定的位置，该位置上的基因决定了某个特征的表达方式。

每个基因座上可以有多种不同的等位基因。

等位基因是指在某个特定基因座上的不同基因变体。

每个个体都会继承一对等位基因，通过这对等位基因的不同组合，决定了个体的表型。

然而，并非所有基因座上的等位基因都具有相同的表现型。

非等位基因的影响非等位基因的存在导致不同等位基因会对个体表型产生不同的影响。

有些非等位基因会表现出显性效应，也就是说，当个体继承了一个突变的等位基因时，即使同时继承了一个正常的等位基因，但显性效应会使得突变的等位基因的表型表达得到体现。

相反，有些非等位基因会表现出隐性效应，当个体继承了两个突变的等位基因时，才会表现出突变的表型。

除了显性和隐性效应之外，非等位基因还可能发生两种其他类型的表型效应。

一种是共显效应，当个体继承了两个不同的突变等位基因时，在表型表达上会表现出一种新的特征，这个特征并不是单个突变等位基因所能导致的。

另一种是部分显性效应，当个体继承了两个不同的突变等位基因时，表型表达将介于两个单独突变等位基因的表型之间。

重组和非等位基因重组是指两个不同的染色体交换部分基因序列的过程。

在重组的过程中，非等位基因可能会发生改变，导致新的等位基因组合形成。

这一过程使得非等位基因的表型效应更加复杂，因为新的等位基因可能将不同基因座的效应组合起来。

非等位基因的重要性非等位基因对生物的适应性和多样性起着重要作用。

通过对等位基因的各种组合的研究，人们可以更好地理解基因与表型之间的关系，并揭示遗传变异对物种适应环境的重要性。

总结非等位基因是指同一基因座上的不同等位基因。

论档案记忆研究的学术坐标

这个词组在西方语言中具有超越当下的历史感。中国
的集体记忆研究逐渐沦为了 ‘ 当代群体记忆研究 ’ ，一个不甚准确的翻译，让我们自己束缚了自己的研究视野。 ” ｜７］（）基于客体切入式研究传统。这种研究传二统是以特定的记忆对象为出发点或切入点，从客体的视野对记忆对象进行历史考古和挖掘，分析不同时期、不同人群对特定记忆事实（事件、活动、人如
其骨架结构的两极，工其手段等中介系统则是把主体
和客体联系起来的中介变量。社会记忆无论是被视为静态的社会文化现象，还是被视为动态的社会认识活动，都具有这三个最基本的客观要素结构。 ”［循着４Ｊ这一结构，我们来反观社会记忆研究成果，可以发现，现有的研究成果在某种程度上与社会记忆的这一一基本要素结构暗合。笔者将其称为 “ 种切入方式的三研究传统 ”，具体来说：
分社会史的学者）所遵循。在我国当前社会记忆研究中，如，王汉生、刘亚秋的《会记忆及其建构一一社
一项关于知青集体记忆的研究》、景军的《堂记神忆》、方慧蓉的《“ 事件境 ”与生活世界中的 “ 无真

卡巴拉汀治疗路易体痴呆的疗效——一项随机双盲安慰剂对照的国际研究

的一项对本患者样本的基线ＮＰ得分的分析中，妄想、Ｉ以
是通过急性阻断纹状体突触后多巴胺Ｄ。受体介导的。
本研究的目的是评价卡巴拉汀２次／ｄ口服，剂量最曰
幻觉、漠、郁的得分相加作为４项症状的亚量表，４淡抑这个方面症状被认为是路易体痴呆的主要症状。由于行为迟缓和注意能力严重受损是路易体痴呆的主要症状，们将我
关键词：路易体痴呆；卡巴拉汀
中图分类号：Ｒ７９１文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：１０ — ９３（０２０ — １３０４．６０６２６２０）３０８ — ３
１１言
路易体痴呆在过去１ｏ年中已被认定是老年人痴呆的常见类型，占痴呆的１～２。表现为波动性认知障碍５ｏ
抑郁情绪、眠障碍、睡听幻觉是路易体痴呆的常见神经精神症状。这一大组患者的治疗比较困难，为在大多数其他对因疾病中作为治疗精神行为症状主要手段的抗精神病药物用于这种类型痴呆时却可以诱发严重的、不可逆的、常是致并命的敏感反应。尸检研究发现，抗精神病药物的敏感反应对可使路易体痴呆的死亡率增加２３，种反应至少部分～倍这
性和安全性。

《基于Calinski-Harabaz指标的无监督学习研究拓扑相变》范文

《基于Calinski-Harabaz指标的无监督学习研究拓扑相变》篇一基于Calinski-Harabasz指标的无监督学习研究拓扑相变的高质量范文一、引言在无监督学习领域，拓扑相变是一个重要的研究课题。

随着数据集的规模和复杂性的增加，对数据结构和相变行为的准确理解变得越来越重要。

在过去的几年里，研究人员已经开始利用各种方法，包括无监督学习方法来探索和分析数据的拓扑结构及其相变。

其中，Calinski-Harabasz指标被证明是一种非常有效的聚类有效性度量，能用于衡量聚类结果的紧凑性和可分离性。

因此，本文提出使用Calinski-Harabasz指标进行无监督学习研究拓扑相变的研究方法。

二、Calinski-Harabasz指标介绍Calinski-Harabasz指标是一种评估聚类效果的有效方法。

该指标主要依据聚类内部的紧密度和聚类间的分离度进行计算。

该指标越高，表明聚类效果越好，也就是所划分的数据子集间的差异性大，并且同属于一个类别的数据间的相似度高。

在拓扑相变的研究中，Calinski-Harabasz指标可以帮助我们更准确地找到数据集中的相变点，即数据从一种拓扑结构转变为另一种拓扑结构的临界点。

三、基于Calinski-Harabasz指标的无监督学习研究方法本文采用无监督学习方法，通过Calinski-Harabasz指标来研究数据的拓扑相变。

具体步骤如下：1. 数据预处理：对原始数据进行清洗、归一化等预处理操作，确保数据的质量和可比性。

2. 特征提取：通过无监督学习方法（如主成分分析等）提取数据的特征。

3. 聚类分析：使用适当的聚类算法（如K-means算法等）对数据进行聚类分析。

4. 计算Calinski-Harabasz指标：根据聚类结果计算每个聚类的Calinski-Harabasz指标值。

5. 确定相变点：根据Calinski-Harabasz指标的变化趋势，确定数据的拓扑相变点。

Abl基因敲除在调控血管平滑肌张力中的作用及其机制探讨

华中科技大学博士学位论文Abl基因敲除在调控血管平滑肌张力中的作用及其机制探讨姓名：***申请学位级别：博士专业：心血管外科指导教师：***20080601独创性声明本人郑重声明，本学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果的总结。

尽我所知，除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。

对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。

本人完全意识到本人将承担本声明引起的一切法律后果。

学位论文作者签名：日期：2008 年 4 月 20 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。

本人授权华中科技大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。

保密□ ，在_____年解密后适用本授权书。

本论文属于不保密□。

（请在以上方框内打“√” ）学位论文作者签名：指导教师签名：日期：年月日日期：年月日华中科技大学博士学位论文Abl基因敲除在调控血管平滑肌张力中的作用及其机制探讨摘要原发性高血压，中风，缺血性心脏病，肺动脉高压和其他一些心血管疾病是现代化社会主要引起死亡的病因。

虽然在临床研究中已经投入巨资，但这些疾病还未能得到解决。

而引起上述疾病的重要因素包含血管张力异常，因此对调节平滑肌收缩性的因素的研究是目前的热门课题。

平滑肌的收缩是由粗细肌丝之间的相互滑动形成的，在此过程中，构成粗肌丝的肌球蛋白轻链磷酸化是启动粗细肌丝之间滑动的关键步骤。

早先的认识认为构成细肌丝的肌动蛋白是固定结构，而最近的研究表明，除了肌球蛋白轻链磷酸化之外，平滑肌肌动蛋白也处于动态，肌动蛋白的聚合－解离的过程也在平滑肌张力产生中起重要作用。

Abl属于非受体酪氨酸激酶家族，有证据表明在非肌肉细胞细胞中，Abl可以通过调节肌动蛋白细胞骨架结构而调节细胞迁移，伸展，胞缘波动和细胞黏附等活动。