江苏省南京市金陵中学2020-2021学年高一上10月月考英语试卷 含答案

英语（满分100 分，考试时长：100 分钟）第一部分听力略第二部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AWant to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA). Whatever stage of life you’re at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community.We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders,and communication officers.Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends.CountrySchedule4-week programmes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria 5 Jul.- 1Aug. 20Jun. -7Aug.Egypt 24 Jul-20 Aug. 19Jun.-6 Aug.Kenya 20 Jul.-16Aug. 18 Jun.-5 Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.-29 Aug. 15 Jun.-2Aug.This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.Find out more about joining a GDA programme:Website:Email:humanresources@21.What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A.To seek local partners.B.To take in young volunteers.C.To carry out programmes.D.To foster cultural awareness.22.The programme beginning in August will operate in ________.江苏省南京市金陵中学2020-2021学年高一上英语10月月考A. South AfricaB. AlgeriaC. KenyaD. Egypt23.The shared goal of GDA’s projects is to ________.A. explore new culturesB. protect the environmentC. gain corporate benefitD. help communities in needBIn the ongoing battle between Tiger Moms, French Mamas, and everyone else who wants to know what is the best way to raise their kids, a new study adds evidence that the extreme Tiger-style may do more harm than good. Authoritarian parents are more likely to end up with disrespectful children with violent behaviors, the study found, compared to parents who listen to their kids with the goal of gaining trust.It was the first study to look at how parenting styles affect the way teens view their parents and, in turn, how they behave. The study considered three general styles of parenting. Authoritative parents are demanding and controlling while also being warm and sensitive to their children’s needs. Authoritarian parents, on the contrary, are demanding and controlling without the appearance of caring, attachment and receptiveness. They take a “my way or the highway” approach to their kids. Permissive parents, the third group, have warm and receptive qualities, but they set few boundaries and carry out few rules.Using data on early 600 kids from an ongoing study of middle school and high school students in New Hampshire, researchers from the University of New Hampshire were able to find “my way or the highway” parenting with more violent behaviors like robbery, drug-taking, and attacking someone else with the intention of hurting or killing. Firm but loving parenting, on the other hand, led to fewer lawbreakers. Permissive parenting, surprisingly, didn’t seem to make much of a difference either.To explain the rink between parenting style and behavior in kids, the researchers suggested that what matters most is how reasonable kids think their parents’ power is. This sense comes when kids trust that their parents are making the best decisions for them and believe that they need to do what their parents say even if they don’t always like how their parents are treating them. When kids respect the power of their parents, the researchers reported in the journal of Adolescence, their behavior is better. Previous research has also linked firm but caring parenting with kids who have more self-control and independence.“When children consider their parents to be the reliable figure, they trust the parents and feel that they have a duty to do what their parents tell them to do,” said lead researcher Pick Trinkner. “This is very important as the parent doesn’t have to rely on a system of rewards and punishments to control behavior and the child is more likely to follow the rules when the parent is not physically present.”24. Tiger Moms and French Mamas are mentioned in the first paragraph to ______.A. give an example of authoritarian parentingB. show the advantage of parentingC. compare two types of parentingD. introduce the topic25. According to the research, what kind of parenting style is likely to causechildren’s criminal behaviors?A. Caring parentingB. Permissive parentingC. Authoritarian parentingD. Authoritative parenting.26. Which of the following probably belongs to the action of the permissive parents?A. Allowing the kids to stay up late at weekends as the kids like.B. Beating the kids if the kids don’t follow their instructions.C. Refusing to listen to the kid’s requests and demands.D. Setting some rules and checking the kids’ behaviors.27. According to the passage, children are more likely to obey the rules when ______.A. their parents listen to them totallyB. they believe in and accept their parentsC. their parents are sensitive to their needsD. their parents demand and control their behaviorsCA breathtaking trick potentially left over from our ancestors might be found in us — the ability to sense oxygen through our skin.Amphibians, animals such as frogs that can live both on land and in water, have long been known to be capable of breathing through their skin. In fact, the first known lungless frog that breathes only through its skin was discovered recently in the rivers of Borneo.Now the same oxygen sensors found in frog skins and in the lungs of mammals (哺乳动物) have unexpectedly been discovered in the skin of mice.“No one had ever looked,” explained Randall Johnson, a biologist researcher.Mice and frogs are quite distant relatives, so the fact they have these molecules (分子) in common in their skin suggests they might well be found in the skin of other mammals, such as humans.“We have no reason to think that they are not in the skin of people too,” Johnson said.These molecules not only detect oxygen, but help increase levels of vital red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Normal mice breathing in air that is 10 percent oxygen—a dangerously low level similar to conditions at the top of Mount Everest, and about half that of air at sea level. However, mice that had the oxygen sensor HIF-1a genetically removed from their skin failed to produce this hormone (荷尔蒙) even after hours of such low oxygen.These findings, if they hold true in humans, suggest one could raise the level of oxygen circulating inside the body. This could help treat lung diseases and disorders such as anemia (贫血症) without injecting drugs, which make up a multibillion-dollar market, Johnson said.Athletes also often try to get more oxygen delivered to their muscles in order to improve their performance. They often do this by training at high altitudes or in low-oxygen tents. The new study suggests they might want to expose their skin as well as breathing in low-oxygen air to improve their performance. “It’s hard to say what exactly might be done, however—there’s a lot we don’t know yet,” JohnsonexplainedThe scientists detailed their findings in the April 18 issue of the journal Cell.28. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Johnson believes that Oxygen sensors also exist in human skin.B. People have to surf the Internet to read detailed findings.C. It has been proved that these findings help treat lung diseases.D. It has long been expected oxygen sensors exist in mice’s skin.29. One of the functions of the molecules mentioned above is _______.A. carrying oxygen around the bodyB. improving athletes’ performanceC. detecting oxygenD. increasing level of oxygen30. What does the underlined word "circulating" in paragraph 8 most probably mean?A balancingB growing C. moving D. gathering31. What is Johnson’s attitude to the application of the findings to the athletes’ training?A. NegativeB. DoubtingC. PositiveD. HesitatingDHumans are social animals. They live in groups all over the world. As these groups of people live apart from other groups, over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas, which are different from other cultures. One important particular side of every culture is how its people deal with time.Time is not very important in nonindustrial (非工业的) societies. The Nuer people of East Africa, for example, do not even have a word TIME that is in agreement with the abstract thing we call time. The daily lives of the people of such nonindustrial societies are likely to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule (时间表) based on the clock. They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down. They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe. They measure time not by a clock or calendar, but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other event. Frequently such a society measures days in terms of “sleeps” or longer periods in terms of “moons”. Some cultures, such as the Eskimos of Greenland measure seasons according to the migration of certain animals.Some cultures which do not have a written language or keep written records have developed interesting ways of “telling time”. For example, when several Australian aborigines want to plan an event for a future time, one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree. Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly. In a few days, the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way. When this happens, the people see that the agreed-upon time has arrived and the event can take place.In contrast (成对比), exactly correct measurement of time is very important in modern, industrialized societies.This is because industrialized societies require the helpful efforts of many people in order to work. For a factory to work efficiently (well, quickly and without waste), for example, all of the workers must work at the same time. Therefore, they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in theafternoon. Passengers must know the exact time that an airplane will arrive or depart. Students and teachers need to know when a class starts and ends. Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers. Complicated (复杂的) societies need clocks and calendars. Thus, we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly work at all.32. By saying “Humans are social animals”, the author means ______.A. they live all over the worldB. They are all connected in one societyC. they live in their own groups as a wholeD. they are divided into many groups33. Time is not very important in nonindustrial societies because people in those societies ______.A. don’t have the word TIME in their languagesB. don’t get used to using clocks and other timepiecesC. don’t measure time in their daily-lives around an exact time scheduleD. don’t need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule34. The Australian aborigines’ way of “telling time” is based on ______.A. the change of the angle of the sunB. the way sunlight was reflectedC. the position of the stoneD. the position of the tree or the cliff35. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A. Time and CultureB. The Measurement of TimeC. Time Schedule and Daily LifeD. Clock, Calendar and Society第三部分七选五（共5题：每小题1分，满分5分）Is Dieting OK for Kids?You may know some adults and kids who worry about their weight and say they are going on a diet. Y ou might wonder if you should be on a diet, too. ___36___ Why? Let’s find out.Dieting to Lose Weight___ 37___ When someone diets to lose weight, the person is trying to eat fewer calories than the body uses. By doing this, the person may lose body fat and decrease his or her weight. Similarly, if a person eats more calories than the body uses, the person may gain weight.Kids usually do not need to diet in this way. ___ 38___ During this time, kids need many kinds of healthy foods to keep their bodies growing properly. Some kids are overweight, but even overweight kids often can improve their health simply by eating nutritious foods and being more active.___ 39___ But kids may hurt their health even more by doing something drastic(极端的), like skipping meals or deciding to eat only vegetables.Who Needs to Diet?Though some people may feel they weigh too much or too little, there is no perfect body shape. Some people have bigger bones and will always look bigger and heavier than people with smaller bones.___40___Your doctor can examine you and check your body mass index (身体质量指数). That’s a way of estimating how much body fat you have. If the doctor is concerned about your weight, he or she can recommend a couple of goals.For some kids, the doctor may recommend losing some weight, but this should be done with the doctor’s help. Kids who need to lose weight may visit with a dietitian who can explain how to reduce calories safely while still getting all the necessary nutrients.A. It is important to form a good eating habit.B. Being overweight can cause health problems.C. Not eating properly can be very harmful to kids.D. Unlike adults, kids are still growing and developing.E. Talk to your doctor if you have questions about your weight.F. All foods and many drinks contain calories, a kind of energy.G. However, most of kids do not need to — and should not — diet this way.第四部分完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）I took my 10-year-old daughter to the Hollywood sign last week．On clear days，we can see it from our house，and we've always talked about hiking there．We've gotten better at these sorts of（41）___．I have become more patient．She（42）___ scares any more．And though she is brave by nature，it still（43）___ practice．So，every few weeks，we plan an outing，and we（44）___ ourselves for bravery．We have （45）___ the Grand Canyon，canoed whitewater rapids，and snorkeled（潜水）with sharks．Playing video games together with your（46）___ at home would be easier and safer but your children（47）___ need to get close to nature and learn to manage outside challenges．After our climbing, my daughter（48）___ pictures to her friends．A few were wide-eyed at the（49）___ of the cliff（悬崖）and asked，"Aren't you afraid of being injured？'She said，"No．Adventures are worth the mishaps（不幸事故）．"It's clearly a（n）（50）___ phrase，and I am not sure if she entirely understands what it means．But I am（51）___ that her brain is starting to work that way．She is beginning to understand the （52）___ these adventures can bring her．（53）___ our weekend activities are mostly about the physical，they really do much good to the change of my daughter's characters．To overcome the challenges she'll（54）___，my daughter needs courage and perseverance and other good characters．I want to（55）___ adventures to make her well prepared for both physical and mental challenges．Though I am proud when she climbs a high rock or surfs a big wave，（56）___ compares to how I feel when she draws on bravery（57）___ the adventure．As a child she also gets much fun from these．Sure，（58）___ bad things might happen，but the adventures are worth doing．I think that for my kid，she should learn the（59）___ between risks and adventures-avoid risks and seek adventures．Going through adventures she will become （60）___ to the challenging life in the future．41.A．arrivals B．performances C．adventures D．advantages42.A．seldom B．often C．usually D．always43.A．takes B．likes C．catches D．carries44.A．tolerate B．excite C．test D．value45.A．replaced B．discovered C．hiked D．approached46.A．classmates B．kids C．partners D．friends47.A．perfectly B．mainly C．really D．exactly48.A．gave B．showed C．lent D．sent49.A．sign B．slogan C．mark D．sight50.A．embarrassing B．puzzled C．borrowed D．surprising51.A．afraid B．confident C．happy D．curious52.A．rewards B．chances C．efforts D．goals53.A．Once B．Since C．Although D．Unless54.A．present B．beat C．face D．ignore55.A．adjust B．use C．turn D．arrange56.A．nothing B．something C．anything D．everything57.A．about B．with C．through D．from58.A．honored B．unexpected C．delighted D．imagined59.A．importance B．difference C．distance D．balance60.A．accustomed B．available C．obvious D．necessary第五部分语法填空（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。